Khairul’s Basic Math 1 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)

jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
me©cÖ_g ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi MwYZwe` ÔRb †bwcqviÕ (1550-1617) jMvwi`g Avwe¯‹vi K‡ib|

 jMvwi`g c×wZ `yB ai‡bi:

K) ¯^vfvweK jMvwi`g: ¯^vfvweK j‡Mi wfwË _v‡K e | †hgb: logex | loge ‡K ln ‡jLv hvq|  logex = lnx.
L) mvaviY jMvwi`g: mvaviY j‡Mi wfwË _v‡K 10| ‡hgb: log10x |
‡hgb, hw` ax = N nq Z‡e x ‡K NGi a wfwËK jMvwi`g ev ms‡ÿ‡c jM ejv nq|
jMvwi`‡gi cÖZxK e¨envi K‡i †jLv nq: LogaN = x
ax = N, (a > 0, a  1) n‡j, x = logaN ‡K N Gi a wfwËK jM ejv nq, †hLv‡b N > 0
A_©vr abvZ¥K msL¨vi jMvwi`g Av‡Q| k~b¨, FYvZ¥K msL¨vi jMvwi`g ‡bB
 jMvwi`g Gi wewfbœ kZ©:
(i) hw` x > 0, y > 0 Ges a  1 nq Z‡e, x = y n‡e hw` Ges †Kej hw` logax = logay
(ii) hw` a > 1 Ges x > 1 nq Z‡e logax > 0
(iii) hw` 0  a  1 Ges 0  x  1 nq Z‡e logax > 0
(iv) hw` a  1 Ges 0  x  1 nq Z‡e logax  0

weMZ wewmGm Gi cÖkœ¸‡jv GB eB‡qi hZ b¤^i cÖ‡kœ cv‡eb Zvi ZvwjKv

wewmGm 43Zg 42Zg 41Zg 40Zg 39Zg 38Zg 37Zg 36Zg 35Zg
cÖkœ b¤^i 44 bs 51 bs 36 bs 1 bs - 53 bs 58+61bs - 22+71bs

GB Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z m~Îvejx

A‡bK cixÿvq ïay m~θ‡jv †_‡KI A‡bK cÖkœ n‡q _v‡K| m~Î eyS‡j AsK mnR ZvB ¸iæZ¡ w`b|
µg m~Î e¨vL¨v D`vniY
01. loga+logb+logc = log (abc) log Kgb †bqvi mgq †hvM _vK‡j ¸Y log1+log2+log3
= log(123)
a log Kgb †bqvi mgq, we‡qvM _vK‡j 5
02. loga - logb = log( ) log5 – log3 = log
b fvM nq, Ges cÖ_gwU Dc‡i e‡m 3
03. loga(MN) = logaM + logaN ¸Y _vK‡j †hvM Ki‡Z nq log6(78) = log67+log68
fvM _vK‡j we‡qvM Ki‡Z nq 8
04. loga M = logaM - logaN log 6 7 = log 6 8 - log 6 7
N
05. logaMn = n logaM wfwËg~‡ji Dci wfwË I wfwË Gi Dci logx105 = 5logx10
cvIqvi _vK‡j cvIqviwU ïiæ‡Z e‡m
06. loga1 = 0 ‡h †Kvb wfwËg~‡ji Dci wfwË 1 n‡j log101 = 0
Zvi DËi 0 nq
Khairul’s Basic Math 2 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
07. logaa = 1 wfwËg~j I wfwË wg‡j †M‡j Zvi gvb memgq 1 nq| log1010 = 1
08. logaa2 = 2 KL‡bv log Gi wfwËgyj I wfwË hw` mgvb nq logxx4 = 4
Zvn‡j wfwËg~j Ges wfwË Df‡q D‡V hvq Ges
wfwËi Dci †h cvIqvi _v‡K ZvB Dˇi wjL‡Z nq
09. logay = x n‡j a = y ‡Kvb cvIqvi = †Kvb gvb ‡`qv _vK‡j log Zz‡j
x
log5y = 3 n‡j
w`‡q H cvIqvi I gvbwU ¯’vb e`j K‡i A_©vr y = 53 = 125
cvIqvi RvqMvq gvbwU Ges gvb Gi RvqMvq cvIqvi
hvq A_©vr logax = b n‡j ab = x wjLv hvq|
fv‡jvfv‡e Av‡iKwU †`Lyb: logx4 = 2 n‡j x2 = 4
10. alogab = b (43wewmGm) ‡h †Kvb wfwËi Power G ‘jMÕ _vK‡j log Gi log24 = 4; log46 = 6
2 4
†em wg‡j †M‡j wfwË mn log D‡V hvq|
11. y y †em a Ges jM GKB n‡j wb‡Pi a Gi cvIqvi 2 2 2
log a b a = y
log a 3 a = logaa=
b 3 3
fMœvs‡ki wb‡P,Ab¨ a Gi cvIqvi Dc‡i e‡m nq
b
12 y y ‡em a Ges jM GKB bv n‡q wfbœ n‡j fMœvsk gv‡bi (23 ) 3
log b x a = logba log 5  log 3 2
x mv‡_ log ‡_‡K hv‡e| (3 ) 5
13 logb 1 ‡em cwieZ©‡bi m~Î log6 1
logab = loga = log a log56 = log5 = log 5
b 6

c×wZ-01: Log- m~Î m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v

1. ‡Kvb k‡Z© loga 1 = 0 [40Zg wewmGm wcÖwj][9g -10g †kÖYxi D”PZi MwYZ- jMvwi`g Aa¨v‡qi ïiæi Av‡jvPbv]
K. a  0, a  1 L. a  0,a  1 M. a  0, a = 1 N. a  1, a  0 DËi: K
mgvavb:
loga 1 = 0 n‡e hLb a  0, a  1. A_©vr a Gi gvb 1 ev‡` 0 Gi †_‡K eo †h †Kvb msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
2. ‡Kvb k‡Z© logaa = 1 n‡e? [14 Zg wkÿK wbeÜb cixÿv-(K‡jR/mgch©vq)-2017]+[Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ Awa`߇ii
(mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi)-2017]
K. a  0 L. a  1 M. a  0, a  1 N. a  0, a > 2 DËi: M
mgvavb:
hw` wbavb (a1) I msL¨v DfqB abvZ¥K I mgvb nq, Z‡e msL¨vwUi jMvwi`‡gi gvb 1 n‡e; A_©vr logaa = 1
3. ax = y n‡j, wb‡Pi †Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK? [10g I 14Zg †emiKvix wkÿK wbeÜb -2017]
K. y = logxa L. x = logay M. a= logxy N. x = logya DËi: L
mgvavb:
ax = y logaax = logay [logaw`‡q ¸Y K‡i] xlogaa = logay x1=logay x=logay
4. GKwU msL¨v‡K a10n AvKv‡i †jLvi Rb¨ kZ© †KvbwU? [9g-10g Aby: 4.3 Gi cÖkœ 5]
K. 1 < a < 10 L. 1  a  10 M. 1  a  10 N. 1  a  10 DËi: M
Khairul’s Basic Math 3 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)

Ln msµvšÍ mgm¨v:
5. Inx Gi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? [miKvwi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq mnKvix wkÿK cixÿv-2019]
K. x  0 L. x  0 M. x  0 N. x  0 DËi: L
mgvavb: Inx Gi †ÿ‡Î x  0 n‡j x Gi ev¯Íe gvb cvIqv hvq bv| Avevi, Inx Gi gvb FYvZ¥K nq bv|
myZivs Ackb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mwVK DËi n‡e x  0 |
6. loge1 = x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
Solution: loge1 = x  In 1 = x x=0 [Q In 1 = 0]
7. In(e12) = x n‡j x = ?
Solution: In(e12) = x  12 Ine = x  121 = x x = 12 [QIn e = 1]
Inx
8. Gi gvb wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î wb‡Pi †Kvb kZ©wU cÖ‡hvR¨? [16 Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb I cÖZ¨qb cixÿv; (¯‹zj/ mgch©vq)-2019]
x-1
K. x  0 Ges x  1 L. x  0 Ges x  1 M. x  0 A_ev x  1 N. x  0 A_ev x  1 DËi: K
mgvavb: Inx -Gi kZ© n‡jv x  0 [x Gi gvb k~b¨ †_‡K eo n‡e A_©vr FYvZ¥K n‡e bv]
Avevi †h †Kvb fMœvs‡ki ni †h‡nZz k~Y¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ `ywU kZ©B c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|

c×wZ-02: Log- Gi †hvM-we‡qvM-¸Y-fvM

9. Log3 + log4 =?
a. log2 b. log4 c. log6 d.log12 Ans:d
mgvavb: Log3 + log4 = Log (34) = log12
10. 3log2 + log5 =?
a. log20 b. log40 c. log60 d.log12 Ans:b
mgvavb: Log23 + log5 = Log8 + log5 = Log(85) = log40
11. loga2 + loga4 + loga8 = ? [ kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq-16]
K) loga12 L) loga1 M) loga64 N) loga32 DËi: M
Solution: loga2 + loga4 + loga8 = loga(248) = loga64
12. loga7 + loga 7 + loga 7 = ? [ ‡cv÷ gv÷vi-2010]
K) loga10 L) loga40 M) loga49 N) loga35 DËi: M
Solution: loga7 + loga 7 + loga 7 = loga(7 7 7 ) = loga49
13. log264 + log28 Gi gvb KZ? [RbcÖkvmb gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v-2016]
K.128 L.7 M.9 N.2 DËi: M
Solution: log264 + log28 = log226 + log223 = 6 log22 + 3log22 = 6 + 3 = 9 Ans:9
14. 5log3- log9 = KZ? [12 Zg wkÿK wbeÜb-2015]
K) log8 L) log27 M) log5 N) log10 DËi: L
mgvavb: 5log3- log9 = 5log3- log3 = 5log3- 2log3= 3log3 = log3 = log27
2 3

15. 5log55- log525 = KZ? [Hints: 5-2 = 3]

a. 7 b. -7 c. 5 d. 3 Ans:d
Khairul’s Basic Math 4 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
Learning point: Log Gi AsK¸‡jv Kivi mgq, me mgq †Póv Ki‡eb wKfv‡e wfwËg~j I wfwˇK mgvb
Kiv hvq, ‡Kbbv wfwËg~j I wfwË wg‡j †M‡j `y‡UvB ev` ‡`qv hv‡e, ZLb Zvi cvIqviwUB n‡e DËi|

log 36
16. = ? [Agrani Bank – (Cash)-2017] & [BB-(officer)-2018]
log 6
a. 5 b. 8 c. 3 d. 2 Ans:d
2
log36 log6 2log6
Solution:    2 [mivmwi KvU‡j 6 Avm‡e †hUv fzj„ | KviY Av‡M m~‡Î ‡dj‡Z n‡e ]
log6 log6 log6

c×wZ-03: Log- Gi gvb wbY©q

17. Log39 = KZ?
a. 2 b. -7 c. 5 d. 3 Ans:a
mgvavb:
 gy‡L gy‡L: wfwËg~j I wfwË wgwj‡q †`qvi ci hv cvIqvi _vK‡e Zv - B DËi|
Log39
2
= Log33
= 2 Log33 ( cvIqvi ïiæ‡Z P‡j hvq) = 21 = 2 ( Log Gi wfwËg~j Ges wfwË wg‡j ‡M‡j Zvi gvb 1 nq)
18. Log 2 8  KZ ? [cÖwZiÿv gš¿Yvj‡qi mn: cwi: - 2018]
(K) 1 (L) 2 (M) 3 (N) 4 Ans: M
3
mgvavb Log28 = Log 2 2 = 3 Log 2 2 = 3 1 = 3 [‡h‡nZz Logaa = 1]
19. log216-Gi gvb KZ? [Help: log216 = log224 = 4]
1
K.5 L.3 M.4 N. Ans: M
4
20. Log381 = KZ? [Rxeb exgv K‡c©v‡ikb (D”Pgvb mnKvix):2021]
K. 6 L. 4 M. 5 N. 3 DËi: L
4
mgvavb: Log381 = Log 3 3 = 4Log3 3 = 4
1
21. log 2 32 Gi gvb KZ? [wkÿv cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (wnmveviÿK):2021]+ [gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa: (Iq¨vi‡jm Acv‡iUi)-2021]
1 1 1
K. L. – 5 M. N.  DËi: L
25 5 5
1 1
2 5
mgvavb log 2 32 = log 2 25 = log 2 = - 5log22 = - 51 = - 5
1 1
1
weKí mgvavb: log 2 32 = x  2x =  2x = 5  2x = 2-5  x = -5
32 2
1 1 1
22. log3 9 Gi gvb- [35Zg wewmGm] [Help: log3 9 = log 3 3 2 = log33-2 = -2]
K) 2 L) 2 M) 3 N) 3 Ans: L
1
23. log 2 4 = KZ ? [wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq (e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v): 2019]
1 1
K. 2 L. – 2 M. N.  DËi: L
2 2
Khairul’s Basic Math 5 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
1
24. Gi gvb KZ? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi(e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v)-2019]
log 2 8
1
K. – 3 L. M. 2 N. 3 DËi: K
2
25. 32 Gi 2 wfwËK jMvwi`g KZ? (13Zg wewmGm)
a. 7 b. -7 c. 5 d. 3 Ans:c
Solution:
Log232 (32 Gi 2 wfwËK jMvwi`g KZ ej‡Z †evSvq Log Gi 2 wfwËi Dci 32 emv‡j Zvi gvb KZ n‡e)
=Log225 = 5 Ans: 5
26. 64 Gi 2 wfwËK jMvwi`g KZ? (Kg©ms¯’vb I cÖwk¶Y ey¨‡ivi Dc-cwiPvjK cix¶v-07)
a. 7 b. 6 c. 5 d.3 Ans:b
27. Log5 3 5 = KZ?
1 1 3 5
K. L. M. N. DËi: K
3 5 5 3
1
1
mgvavb: : wb‡Pi 5 †K wVK †i‡L Dc‡ii 3
5 =5 3
=
3
28. 5 5 Gi 5 wfwËK jM KZ? [9g-10g †kÖbx 4.2 Gi D`vnviY 7 Gi (K)] +[wkÿv cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (Kw¤úDUvi Acv:)-2021]
3 2
a. b. c. 1 d. 5 Ans:a
2 3
1 1 3
1 3 3
Solution: 5 5 Gi 5 wfwËK jM = log5 ( 5 5 ) = log5 51.5 2 = log5 5 2 = log5 5 2 = log5 5 =
2 2
29. 25 5 Gi 5 wfwËK jM KZ?[14Zg †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb (¯‹zj ch©vq)-2017]
5 1 125 25
a. b. c. d. Ans:a
2 2 2 2
30. log2.56.25 = KZ? [evsjv‡`k †eZvi (mn-m¤úv`K)-2019]
K. 1 L. 2 M. 3 N. 4 DËi: L
(2.5) 2
6.25
mgvavb: log2.5 = log 2.5 = 2log2.5 = 21 = 2
2.5

125 8
31. log5 + log2 = KZ? [bb-K¨vWvi cixÿv- mnKvix †cÖvMÖvgvi-2017]
K. 2 L. 8 M. 4 N. 6 DËi: N
53 23
mgvavb: log5 + log2 = log 5 + log 2 = 3log5 + 3log2 = (31)+(31) = 3+3 = 6
125 8 5 2

32. Log42 = KZ?

1
K. – 3 L. M. 2 N. 3 DËi: L
2
1
1 1 1
mgvavb Log42= log 4 4 = log4 4 2 = log44 = = 1 =
2 2 2
 Note: GLv‡b wb‡Pi wfwËg~j‡K cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv| ZvB Dc‡ii wfwË 2 †K wfwËg~‡ji mv‡_ ‡gjv‡bvi Rb¨ hv Kiv `iKvi
ZvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgvi Rvwb 4  2 myZivs Avgiv 2 †K 4 evbv‡bvi Rb¨ wjL‡Z cvwi 2  4
Khairul’s Basic Math 6 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
1 1
weKí mgvavb : ïiæi 11 b¤^i m~Îvbymv‡i, log42 = log22 2 = [wb‡Pi cvIqvi wb‡P Dc‡ii cvIqvi Dc‡i]
2
33. Log82 = KZ? [cÖv_wgK mn: wkÿK(4_© avc)-2019]
1 2 1
K. 1 L. M. N. DËi: N
2 3 3
34. log 2 16 = KZ? [16Zg wkÿK wbeÜb(¯‹zj ch©vq-2)-2019]
K. 9 L. 8 M. 6 N. 4 DËi: L
4 4
mgvavb: log √ 16 = log √ 24= log √ ( 2 ) 8 = 8 weKí mgvavb: log 16 = log 1 2 = =8
2
22
1/2
35. log 3
81 Gi gvb KZ? [gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿv Awa`ßi (cÖ`k©K)-2021]
K. 8 L. M. N. DËi: K
2
36. log2 log e
e = KZ? [ 41 Zg wewmGm wcÖwj]
K) – 2 L) – 1 M) 1 N) 2 DËi: N
Solution: log2 log e
e2 = log2 log e
( e ) 4 = log24.1 = log24 = log222 = 2log22 = 2
37. log a
b
 log b
c
 log c
a
= ? [D”PZi MwYZ-9.2 Gi 6 (M)]
Solution: log 1 b  log 1 c  log 1 a = 2logab2logbc2logca = 8logab logba = 81 = 8
a2 b2 c2
a b c
38. log  log  log =?
b3 c3 a3
1 1 1 1
K. N.L. DËi: M M.
9 27 2 7
a b c 1 1 1 1 1 1
mgvavb: log 3  log 3  log 3 = logba logcb logac =  logba logab = 1=
b c a 3 3 3 27 27 27
39. Log66 6 = KZ?
mgvavb: GLv‡b wfwËg~j 6 Gi Dc‡i 6 Ges 6 msL¨v `ywU ¸Y Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| ZvB
1

Log66 6 = Log66 6 2
(GLv‡b wb‡Pi wfwËg~‡ji †Kvb KvR Kiv hv‡e bv| ïay Dc‡ii Ask wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z n‡e )
1
1
2
= Log6 6 (GLv‡b 6 Ges 6 `ywU wfwË wg‡j hvIqvq Ges msL¨v `ywU ¸Y Ae¯’vq _vKvq cvIqvi †hvM )
21 3
2 3
= Log6 6 = Log6 6 = ( wfwË I wfwËgyj wg‡j hvIqvq ïay cvIqvi †i‡L me ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q|)
2
2
2
40. log 2 6  log 2  KZ? (bb-K¨vWvi(†gBb‡Ub¨vÝ BwÄ)-2017 + wewfbœ Awa`߇ii (e¨w³MZ Kg©KZ©v)-2018]
3
K. log5 L.1 M. log22 N.3log2 Ans:L
2  2
Solution: log2 6
 log2 3 = log 2  6   = log2 22
= log2 22
= log22 = 1
 3
Khairul’s Basic Math 7 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
a n
 b n
 c n

 n   n   n 
41. logk  b  + logk  c  + logk  a  = ? [D”PZi MwYZ-9.2 Gi 6 (K)]
 a n bn cn 
Solution: = logk  n  n  n  = logk1 = 0 [Q log101  0]
b c a 
ab
42. log a log a log a (a a ) = ? [D”PZi MwYZ-9.2 Gi 6 (N)]

Solution: log a log a log a  a a  = log log log (a ) a a b = log log ( a a b ) log a
ab
 a a a a a a
 
b
= log a log a (a ) a  1 [Q logaa = 1]
= log a (a b ) log a a = log a (a b ).1 = b loga a = b.1 = b
log 9
43. 7 7 = ? [9g-10g- D”PZi MwYZ Aby: 9.2 Gi D`v:19]
K) 2 L) 8 M) 10 N) 9 DËi: N
log7 9 log b
mgvavb: 7 = 9 [‡h‡nZz a a = b mivmwi m~Î]
44. 2log23+log25 Gi gvb KZ? [ 43-Zg wewmGm wcÖwj: ]
K) 2 L) 8 M) 15 N) 10 DËi: M
mgvavb: 2log23+log25 = 2log2(35) = 2log215 = 15 [ alogab = b m~Î cÖ‡qv‡M]

c×wZ-04: Log- Gi mgvavb

45. logx9 = 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? [Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq(mnKvix ‡cÖvMÖvgvi): 2021]

K. 3 3 L. 3 M. 3 N. 2 DËi: L
46. logx25 = 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? 9g-10g †kÖbx 4.2 Gi 2 Gi L]+ [wkÿv cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi (Awdm mn:)-2021]
A. 1 B. 2 2 C. 5 D. 4 Ans:C
Solution: logx25 = 2 ev, x = 25 x = 5
2

47. Log10x=2 n‡j x = KZ?

a. 70 b. 81 c. 64 d.100 Ans:d
[Help: 102=x (wfwËg~‡ji Dci cvIqvi = GKwU gvb †`qv _vK‡j H cvIqvi I gvbwU ¯’vb wewbgq K‡i I Log D‡V hvq)
x=100
48. log10x = – 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ n‡e? [16Zg cÖfvlK wbeÜb(K‡jR / mgch©vq)-2019]
K. 0.01 L. 0.001 M. 0.02 N. 0.002 DËi: K
49. log10 (0.001)= KZ? [ †ijI‡q Dc-mnKvix -2013]+ [16Zg wkÿK wbeÜb(¯‹zj ch©vq-1)-2019]
1 1
(K)  2 (L)  3 (M) (N) Ans:L
2 3
 mgvavb: awi, Log10 (.001)= x ev, 10x = .001 ev, 10x= 10-3 x= -3
[Gfv‡e x a‡i Kiv hvq Avevi `kwgK †_‡K fMœvsk evwb‡q Dc‡ii wbq‡gI Kiv hvq| DËi GKB Avm‡e|]
50. log10x = - 3 n‡j x = ? [wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq/wefvM(cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v): 2019]
K. 0.1 L. 0.01 M. 0.001 N. 0.0001 DËi: M
Khairul’s Basic Math 8 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
1
51. logx 9 = -2 n‡j, x-Gi gvb KZ? (†emiKvix wk¶K wbeÜb cix¶v-11) + [42Zg wewmGm wcÖwj: (we‡kl)]
1 1
K. 3 L. 2 M. N.  DËi: K
3 3
1
1 1
mgvavb: log x 9 = 2  x 2 =2
 x 2 = 32
 x 2 = x = 3
3 9
1
52. What is the value of x in the equation logx 81 = 4 [BEPZA (AD)-2021]
1 1
A.2 B. C. 3 D. Ans: D
2 3
1
53. Logx( ) = -2 n‡j x = KZ?[38Zg wewmGm wcÖwj]+ (‡evW© eB 9g-10g †kÖYxi 4.2 Aa¨vq 2 bs Gi M m`„k|)
8
(K) 2 (L) 2 (M) 2 2 (N) 4 DËi t M
1 1 1 1
mgvavb: Logx( ) = -2 x-2 =  2  x2 =8 x= 4  2 x= 2 2
8 8 x 8
1
54. logx = -2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? [12Zg †emiKvwi ¯‹zj wbeÜb cixÿv- 15] +(9g-10g †kÖYx, Aby: 4.2 Gi 2. M)
16
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 Ans.c
1 1
Solution: logx = -2 x-2 = x-2 = 4-2 x = 4
16 16
9
16 1
55. hw` log x 2 = - nq, Zvn‡j wfwËi gvb KZ? [Combined 5 banks (off:-2018]
2
16 9 256 81
K. L. M. N. DËi: M
9 16 81 256
9
16 1
mgvavb: log x 2 =-
2
1
 9 9 1 9 16
 (x 2 ) 2 =  x 1 =  ==  9x = 16 x=
16 16 x 16 9
16 2 256
wKš‘ cÖ‡kœ †em logx2 Gi gvb †ei Ki‡Z ejvq x2 = ( ) base (x ) =
2
9 81
1 (2187 3)
56. log x = 1 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? [15Zg ‡emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb-¯‹zj/mgch©vq -2019]
5
1
K. 3 3 L. 3 M. 3 N. DËi: K
3
1
mgvavb: logx(2187 3 ) = 1
5
logx(2187 3 ) = 5  x5 = 2187 3  x5 = ( 3 3 )5  x = 3 3
Khairul’s Basic Math 9 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
57. Logx324 =4 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? (A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi cwi`߇ii mn:cwiPvjK-2010]+ [BEPZA (AD)-2021]
mgvavb: Logx324 = 4 ev, x4 = 324 ev, x4 = 814 ev, x4 = 34   2 4

ev,x4 = 3 2 x = 3 2
4

58. log 2 5
400 = x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ? (8g cÖfvlK wbeÜb cix¶v-12) + [37Zg wewmGm wjwLZ]
a. 7 b. 4 c. 5 d. 3 Ans:b
mgvavb: log 2 5
400 = x
ev, ( 2 5 ) x = 400 (cvIqvi Ges gvb ‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ K‡i)
ev, ( 2 5 ) x =16  25 (400 ‡K fv½v‡bvi mgq Ggb msL¨v w`‡q fv½‡Z n‡e †hb eM© msL¨v nq)
ev, ( 2 5 ) x = 24  52 ev, ( 2 5 ) x  2 4  ( 5 ) 4 = ev, ( 2 5 ) x  ( 2 5 ) 4 x  4
59. log 2 5 20 Gi gvb KZ? [·qv`k †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb I cÖZ¨qb cixÿv-2016]
a. 400 b. 10 c. 4 d. 2 Ans:d
1
60. log10000x =  n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
4
1 1 1 1
K. L. M. N. DËi: K
10 100 1000 10000
1  1
1  4   1
mgvavb: log10000 x
=   x = (10000) 4  x = 10  4
 x = 10-1 x=
4 10
3
 
2 =
1
61. logx - n‡j, x - Gi gvb KZ? [37-Zg wewmGm wcÖwj:]
2
4 9 3 2
(K) (L) (M) (N) DËi: (K)
9 4 2 3
3 1
  1  3 1 3
Solution: logx 2 =-  x 2=  1
= (cvIqvi G gvBbvm _vK‡j Zv fMœvsk AvKv‡i wjL‡Z nq)
2 2 2
2
x
2
1 3 2 2 4
 =  x= x =   x =
x 2 3 3 9
5
 
2 =
1
62. logx - n‡j, x - Gi gvb KZ? [¯^v¯’¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b mn: cÖ‡KŠkjx (wmwfj)-2017]
2
25 5 2 4
(K) (L) (M) (N) DËi: (N)
4 2 5 25
31
63. log x n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
27 =-
2
3 3 3 3 3
1 3 1 1 3 1
Solution: log x 27 = -  = x  27 = x
2 2  {(3) } = x 2 3 = x 2
2
2 27
x=3
Khairul’s Basic Math 10 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)

c×wZ-05: Log- Gi ‡em cwieZ©b

64. logab  logba = KZ?
K. ab L. a+b M. 1 N. 2 DËi: M
1
mgvavb: logab  logba = logab  = 1 [‡em cwieZ©‡bi m~Î]
log a b
65. logablogba = ? [PSC mnKvix cwiPvjK-03]
K) 4 L) 3 M) 1 N) 2 DËi: M
1
Solution: Logab  logba = logba = 1
log b a

66. logmn = ? [ cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq cÖavb wkÿK-05]

2 1 3 1
K) L) M) N) DËi: N
log n m log m n log n m log n m
1
Solution: wfwË cwieZ©‡bi m~Î: logmn =
log n m
67. log72 = ? [ msm` mwPevj‡qi mnKvix cwiPvjK-06]
1 1 1
K) log49 L) M) N) DËi: M
log 7 2 log 2 7 log 2  7
1
mgvavb: wfwË cwieZ©‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i : log72 =
log 2 7
1 1 1
68. abc
+ abc
+ abc
= ? [D”PZi MwYZ-9.2 Gi D`v-27]
log a log b log c
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution: + + = + +
log a (abc)
log b abc
log c abc 1 1 1
a b
log abc log abc log abc c
= logabca + logabcb + logabcc = logabc(abc) = 1 [Q log10 a  log10 b  log10 ab ]

69. logba2.logcb2.logac2 Gi gvb KZ? [Dc‡Rjv/_vbv wkÿv Awdmvi-2010]

K. 1 L. 2 M. 6 N. 8 DËi: N
loga logb logc
mgvavb: logba2.logcb2.logac2 = 2logba2logcb2logac = 8   = 81 = 8
logb logc loga

c×wZ-06: Log- Gi wewea

70. hw` logn2 = a Ges logn5 = b nq, Zvn‡j logn50 = ? [ †ecRv (mnKvix e¨e¯’vcK)-2020]
K. a+b L. a+b2 M. ab2 N. a+2b DËi: N
2 2
mgvavb: loga50 = loga(25 ) = loga2 + loga5 = loga2 + 2loga5 = a+ 2b [gvb ewm‡q]
Khairul’s Basic Math 11 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
 x3y 2 
71. loga x = 1, loga y = 2 n‡j, loga z = 3 n‡j, loga   Gi gvb KZ? [35-Zg wewmGm]
 z 
K) 1 L) 2 M) 4 N) 5 DËi; M
mgvavb: logax = n n‡j x = an,
logax = 1 ev, a1 =x  x = a1 = a
loga y = 2 ev, a2 =y  y = a2
logaz = 3 ev, a3 =z  z = a3
 x3 y2   x3 y2 
GLb, loga   = loga   = logaa4 = 4 logaa = 4  1 = 4 Ans:4
 z   z 
72. log5(x2 + x) - log5(x + 1) = 3 find the value of x. [Microcredit Regulatory Authority (AD)-2021]
x2  x x ( x  1)
mgvavb: log5(x2 + x) - log5(x + 1) = 3  log5 =3  = 53 x = 125
x 1 x 1
73. log(x+3) = logx + log3 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
2 3 3
K. L. 2 M. N. 2 DËi: M
3 2 2
3
mgvavb: log(x+3) = logx + log3  log(x+3) = log(x3)  x+3 = 3x  2x = 3  x =
2
74. log 5 5 5 5... = x = ?
K.3 L. 5 M. 1 N. 3 DËi: M
mgvavb: awi, log 5 5 5 5...  = x  5 5 5...  = 5x  5 5 5 5...  = (5x)2

 51 + x = 52x 1 + x = 2x  x = 1 So, log 5 5 5 5...  = 1

Turning point: G ai‡Yi cÖ‡kœi me‡_‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c‡q›U n‡jv, 5 5 5...  A_© Amxg msL¨K 5
ZvB GKevi GKUv 5 K‡g †M‡jI c‡i Avevi hZUv Lywk †bqv hvq| GRb¨ evi evi 5 Kgb wb‡jI Kg‡e bv|

75. loga+ loga2 + loga3 + ---------- avivwUi cÖ_g 7wU c‡`i mgwó KZ? [ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi mn: mvBdvi Kg©KZv-2017]
K. 28loga L. 56 loga M. 7 loga N. 8 loga Ans: K
Solution:
avivwUi cÖ_g 7wU c` = loga1 + loga2 + loga3---------- loga7
= 1.loga + 2loga + 3loga + ---------7loga
=log11 + log112 + log113 + -------- +log 1110
1

=1 log11 + 2 log 11 + 3 log 11 + ------- 10 log 11

7  ( 7  1) 78
= loga(1+2+3+------7) = loga = loga = loga28 = 28loga
2 2
76. log2+log4+log8+. …….. avivwUi cÖ_g 10wU c‡`i mgwó KZ? [25Zg wewmGm]
a. 45 log11 b. 55 log 2 c. 36 log 11 d. 66 log 11 DËi:- b
1 2 3 10
[Hints: ûeû Dc‡ii wbq‡g Gfv‡e ïiæ, Log2 +log2 +log2 +.. . . . . log2 = log2(1+2+3+----10)]
Khairul’s Basic Math 12 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)

Practice Part
1. 400 Gi jM 4 n‡j j‡Mi wfwË KZ ? [9g-10g Aby: 4.2 Gi D`v: 7+]Rb cÖkvmb gš¿: Aax‡b: wcGmwmi mn: cwi:-2016[]
1
2. mgvavb Kiæb: loga 2  [¯^ivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b gv`K`ªe¨ wbqš¿Y Awa`ßi mn: cwiPvjK-2013]
6
3. log 2
16 2
Gi gvb KZ?

4. log5 ( 3 5 . 5 ) [9g-10g †kÖbx 4.2 Gi 1 Gi O]

1
5. log 2 64 Gi gvb KZ? [·qv`k †emiKvwi wkÿK wbeÜb I cÖZ¨qb cixÿv(K‡jR/mgch©vq)-2016]
x 3 2 x 4
6. log x
= 3 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
 x -2x+4 = x3
3
 -2x+4 = -4 x = 2
25
7. lox = 1 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
x2
8. log2x2 = 4 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
n 1
9. log 18 3 = - n‡j n Gi gvb KZ ?
2
x
10. log 2 (log 3 ) = 3 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ ?
11. logb (x-3) = log 5 x  3 n‡j x = ?
12. logx + log(10x) = 3 n‡j x = ?
y 2
13. log 5 y = n‡j y = ?
log 5 y
14. log 3  log 2  log 3 x = 0 n‡j, x =?
1
15. Log 8 x  3 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ? [9g-10g †kÖbx ( D”PZi MwYZ- Aby: 9.2 Gi D`vniY: 23(K)]
3
16. log10[98+ x 2  12 x  36] = 2 [D”PZi MwYZ-9.2 Gi 23(L)]
17. log11 + log121 + log1331 + ---------- avivwUi cÖ_g `kwU c‡`i mgwó KZ? [wbe©vPb Kwgkb mwP: Kg©: 2006]
log x log 5
18. 5 10 + x 10 = 50 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
19. hw` log(x-2) = logx – log2 n‡j x = ?
==================================
we¯ÍvwiZ mgvavb
1. Solution: awi, wfwË a,
cÖkœg‡Z, loga 400 = 4  a4 = 400 ev, a4 = ( 20)2 = {(2 5 )2}2 = (2 5 )4  a = 2 5
1 1 1 1 1
1 
2. Solution: loga 2  ev, a  2 , ev, a
6 3 2
2
2 ev, a  2 ev, a = 23 a = 8 Ans: 8
3
6
Khairul’s Basic Math 13 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
16 2 2  2
4
( 2)  2
8
( 2) 9
log log log log
3. Solution: 2 = 2 = 2 = 2 =9
1 1 1 1 5

3
.5 2 3 2 6 5 5
4. Solution: log5 5 = log5 5 = log5 5 = log55=
6 6
1
1 2 6
5. mgvavb: log 2 64 = log 2 2 = log 2
6
= - 6log22 = - 61 = - 6
x 3  2x  4
6. Solution: log x
=3  x 3  2x  4 = ( x ) 3  x 3  2x  4 = x3
25
7. Solution: lox =1  25 = (x2)1  25 = x2 x = 5
x2
8. Solution: log2x2 = 4  24 = x2  x2 = 16 x = 4
1
n 1 n  n 1 n 1 n 1 1
9. Solution: log18 3 = -   (18) 2       n=
2 3 3 18 3 92 3 3 2 2
x
10. Solution: log 2 (log3 ) = 3 log3 = 2x 3
log3 = 8
x
x=3 8

11. Solution: log5 (x-3) = log 5 ( x 3 )  (x-3) = x  3  (x-3)2 = (x+3)

 x2-6x+9 = x+3  x2-7x+6 = 0  x2-6x-x+6=0  (x-6)(x-1) = 0
 x = 6 or, x = 1wKš‘ x=1 MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq KviY ZLb x-3 = 1-3 = -2FYvZ¥K n‡q hv‡e| x = 6
12. Solution: logx + log(10x) = 3  log10x2 = 3 10x2 = 103 [log Gi †em 10 a‡i]
 10x = 1000
2
 x = 100
2
 x = 10
y 2 2 1 2
13. Solution: log 5 y = y
 log 5 =y
y
 log5y = y
( log 5 y )2 = 4 log 5 y = 2
log 5 log 5 2 log 5
 gvbwU (+) n‡j, log 5 = 2y
 y = 5 = 25
2

1 1 1
Ges gvbwU (-) n‡j, log 5 y = -2  y= 2 =  y = 25 or
5 25 25
14. mgvavb: log3  log 2  log3 x = 0
 log3 [log2 (log3 x)] = 0 [GKUv GKUv K‡i log ev` †`qvi Rb¨ m~‡Î †dj‡Z n‡e]
 log2 (log3 x) = 30  log2 (log3 x) = 1 log 3 x = 21  log 3 x = 2 x = 32 = 9
15. mgvavb:
1 10 10 3 10
1 10  
Log 8 x  3  Log 8 x   x  ( 8 ) 3  x  ( 2 3 2 ) 3  x  ( 2 ) 2 3 x=25x=32
3 3
16. mgvavb: ‡h‡nZz log10[98+ x 2  12 x  36] = 2
 98 + x 2  12 x  36] = 102 = 100
 x 2  12 x  36] = 2 x2 – 12x + 36 = 4 (x – 4) (x -8) = 0  x = 4 ev x = 8
17. Solution: log11 + log121 + log1331 + ---------10 wU c`
= log111 + log112 + log113 + -------- +log 1110
=1 log11 + 2 log 11 + 3 log 11 + ------- 10 log 11
10 10  1
= (1+2+3+------10) log 11= log 11 = 55 log 11 (Ans:)
2
Khairul’s Basic Math 14 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
18. Solution: 5
log x log
10 + x 10 = 50 5
 5 10 + 5 10 = 50
log x log x
[Qb log
b a  a log a b ]
 2 5 log 10 x = 50  5
log
10 x = 25 
10 x = 52  log10x = 2  x = 102x = 100
5
log

19. mgvavb: log(x-2) = logx – log2  log(x-2) = log    x-2 =

x x x x
 x - = 2  = 2x = 4
2 2 2 2

Model Test
c~Y©gvb: 15 mgq: 15 wgwbU
1
1. log 3 27 KZ? [ATEO (‡KvUv) cixÿv -15]
a. 2 b. -2 c. 3 d. -3
2. log10x = 3 n‡j x-Gi gvb KZ? (Dc‡Rjv cj:Dbœqb Kg©KZv©-12)
a. 1000 b.1002 c.1004 d.10000
3
3. log x = - 2 n‡j x Gi gvb KZ?
4
3 2
a. b. c. 3 d. 0
2 3
4. Log28+log327 Gi gvb KZ?
a.4 b.2 c.3 d.6
5. Logx625=4 n‡j x= KZ?
a.6 b.5 c. 8 d.11
6. Log5x=3 n‡j x= KZ?
a.125 b.225 c. 375 d.120
7. hw` log (x+2) = log x + log 2 n‡j x = ?
K. 3 L. 4 M. 2 N. 5
8. Log273 = KZ?
1 2 1
a. 1 b. c. d.
2 3 3
1
9. logx = -2 n‡j, x-Gi gvb KZ? (†emiKvix wk¶K wbeÜb cix¶v-11)
25
a.3 b. 2 c.5 d.4
1
-
2
10. x = KZ?
1 1
a. b c.  x d. x
x 2

11. log12
12
?
1 1
a.3 b.4 c. d.
2 3
Khairul’s Basic Math 15 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
12. 3 3 Gi 3 wfwËK jM KZ?
2 3
a. b. c. 1 d. 5
3 2
13. log10 (7x  5) = 2 n‡j, x Gi gvb KZ?
a. 5 b. 8 c. 10 d. 15
log 2 2 x
14. log 2
x = a n‡j, Gi gvb KZ n‡e?
a a x
a. a b. c. d.
3 2 3
15. log 6
216
a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d. 16

Only Answers
1 d 2 a 3 b 4 d 5 b 6 a 7 c 8 d
9 c 10 a 11 c 12 b 13 d 14 b 15 b

wjwLZ Ask
1. cÖgvY Kiæb t logpb-c + logqc-a + logra-b = 0 [40Zg wewmGm wjwLZ]
mgvavb:
‡`Iqv Av‡Q, p = xya-1 ,q = xyb-a, Ges r = xyc-1
evgcÿ = logpb-c + logqc-a + logra-b
= log(xya-1)b-c + log(xyb-1)c-a + log(xyc-a)a-b
= log(xb-c.yab-ca-b+c) + log(xc-a.ybc-ab-c+a)+ log(xa-b.yca-bc-a+b)
= log(xb-c.yab-ca-b+c.xc-a.ybc-ab-c+a.xa-b. yca-bc-a+b)
= log(xb-c.xc-a.xa-b. yab-ca-b+c.ybc-ab-c+a.yca-bc-a+b)
= log(x0.y0) = log(1.1) = log(1) = 0 = Wvbcÿ (cÖgvwYZ)

loga logb logc

2. hw`   nq, Zvn‡j cÖgvY Kiæb ‡h, aq + r br + p cp + q = 1 [35Zg wewmGm(wjwLZ)]
qr r p pq
loga logb logc
awi ,   =k
qr rp pq
loga
ev, = k loga = k(q-r)
qr
ev, (q+r)loga = k(q-r) (q+r) [Dfq c‡ÿ (q+r) ¸Y K‡i |]
ev, logaq+r = k(q2-r2) logaq+r = kq2- kr2
Abyiæc fv‡e logar+p = kr2- kp2 Ges logcp+q = kp2-kq2
Khairul’s Basic Math 16 jMvwi`g (Logarithm)
q+r r+p p+q 2 2 2 2 2 2
GLb, loga + logb + logc = kq -kr +kr -kp +kp -kq
log(aq+r. br+p . cp+q) = 0
 log(aq+r. br+p . cp+q) = log1 [Q log1 = 0] aq+r . br+p . cp+q = 1 (cÖgvwYZ)
36 2 16
3. mij Kiæb t 3log + log( )3-2log (mgvR Kj¨vY msMVK-07) {Ans: log2}
25 9 125
3
 36  2 16
mgvavb: 3log   + log   - 2log (evg cv‡ki msL¨v¸‡jv‡K cvIqvi wn‡m‡e †jLv n‡q‡Q)
 25  9 125
2
 49  2
3 3
 24 
= log  2  + log  2  - log  3 
 5  3  5 
3
 22  32  23 28
= log  2

 + log - log
 5  36 56
2 6  36 23 28
log + log - log
56 36 56
 26  36 23 56 
= log  6
 6  8  ( log Kgb wb‡j +wU  I -wU n‡q hvq|  †K  K‡i †k‡li fMœvskwU Dëv‡bv n‡q‡Q)
 5 3 2 
29
= log (me¸‡jv KvUvKvwU K‡i Aewkóvsk †jLv n‡q‡Q)
28
= log29 - 8 (fvM _vK‡j cvIqvi we‡qvM Ki‡Z nq) = log2 Ans. log2

4. log 7 
5

7. 7 - log 3 3 3  log 4 2 [9g-10g †kÖbx ( mvaviY MwYZ- Aby: 4.2 Gi 4)]
mgvavb:
1 1 1 2 5
1
log 7   1 1
7 . 7 - log 3 3 3  log 4 2 = log 7 7 5 . 7 2 - log 3 3 3 + log 4 4 2 = log 7 7 10 - log3 3 + log 4 4
5
3 2
7 1 1 7 1 1 21 - 10  15 26 13 13
= log 7 7 - log3 3 + log 4 4 =  1 - 1 +  1 = = = Ans.
10 3 2 10 3 2 30 30 15 15

log 10 27  log 10 8  log 10 1000

5. [9g-10g †kÖbx ( mvaviY MwYZ- Aby: 4.2 Gi D`vniY-10:)]
log 10 1.2
1 1

log10 27  log10 8  log10 1000 log10 (33 ) 2  log10 8  log10 (103 ) 2

Solution: =
log101.2 12
log10
10
3 3 3 3 3
log10 3 2  log10 23  log10 (10) 2 2 log10 3  3log10 2  2 log1010 2 (log10 3  2log10 2  1) 3
= = = =
log1012  log1010 log10 (3  2 2 )  log1010 log10 3  2log10 2  1 2

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