Climate - Praxistips - GB
Climate - Praxistips - GB
R
Contents
Fundamentals
Introduction 3
Selection criteria for integral cooling technology, roof-mounted and wall-mounted cooling units 4
Basic calculations
General 5
Heat dissipation/calculation of effective enclosure surface area 5
Natural convection 6
Enclosure cooling units 7
Therm Software 7
Condensation and dehumidification of the enclosure air when using cooling units 7
Recooling systems and air/water heat exchangers 9
Air/water heat exchangers 10 – 11
Air/air heat exchangers 12
Fan-and-filter units 12 – 13
Enclosure heaters 13
Enclosure cooling units
Mechanical requirements 14
Sealing of the enclosure and installation on enclosures 14
Enclosure cooling units / air/air heat exchangers
Arrangement of the electronic components in the enclosure 15 – 16
Enclosure cooling units / air/water heat exchangers
Mechanical requirements / targeted air routing 17
Arrangement of the electronic components in the enclosure 17
Air duct system for TopTherm roof-mounted cooling units and
Air/water heat exchangers 17
Targeted air routing 18
Stoppers for TopTherm roof-mounted cooling units and
Air/water heat exchangers 18
External circuit 19
Use of filter mats 19
Consideration of the external circuit of enclosure cooling units 19
Functional measures 20
Condensate drain / condensate drain pipe 20 – 22
Setting the enclosure cooling unit – Basic and Comfort controllers 23
Application example: Master/slave and door limit switch 24
Application example: Master/slave and interface board 25
Connection example: Master/slave operation 25
Electrical connection of enclosure cooling units 26
Monitoring
Interface board 27
Warnings and alarms from the interface board 27
OPC connection of cooling units and recooling systems 28
Note on the connection of cooling units in a master/slave configuration 28
SNMP-OPC server 28
General information
Proper use of enclosure cooling units 29
Recooling systems and air/water heat exchangers
Cooling water connection and condensate discharge with air/water heat exchangers 30
Siting conditions 31
Unit with enclosures/Spatially separated 31
Siting conditions for recooling systems 32 – 33
Additives for recooling systems and air/water heat exchangers 33
Use of a recooling system with air/water heat exchangers 34
Fan-and-filter units
Protection category IP 54 35
Rittal fan-and-filter units and outlet filters SK 3321.xxx – SK 3327.xxx/benefits 35
Louvred grille lock system / dismantling the louvred grille 36 – 38
Protection category IP 55 39
Changing the direction of airflow 40
Enclosure heaters
Temperature control of enclosures and cases 41
Electrical connection / assembly 42
Installation position 43
2 Rittal practical tips for climate control
Fundamentals
Introduction
Convection
Radiation
Please bear in mind the following factors when ● For bayed enclosure suites, the heat radiated
selecting the appropriate cooling unit for your by neighbouring units may also need to be
enclosure: taken into account.
● It is important to ensure good ventilation at the
● What is the installation type according to
site of installation (for example, the heat
VDE 0660 part 500?
dissipated by the cooling unit may cause a
● What ambient conditions are expected at the
significant temperature increase in small
installation site? (ambient temperature and
rooms.)
humidity?)
● Particularly in the case of poor ambient
● What is the required maximum internal
conditions, such as contamination or small
temperature of the enclosure (Ti)?
rooms, it is advisable to use air/water heat
● What is the heat loss from electronic
exchangers.
components installed in the enclosure?
● The cooling units should always be connected
● Does the enclosure require a particular
via door operated switches in order to prevent
protection category to EN 60 529/IEC 529?
excessive condensation.
● Are the cooling units exposed to any form of
ambient pollution, such as dust, oil and
chemicals?
Recooling
system
No
Cooling unit
. .
QE = QV – k A ∆T
Therm Software
Rittal Therm is a calculation program for
climate control of enclosures.
The Therm software package (Model No.
SK 3121.000) takes care of the complex process
of calculating climate control requirements.
A user-friendly interface guides the operator to
the most suitable, correctly dimensioned climate
control component.
All evaluations are closely based on the
requirements of IEC/TR 60 890 AMD 1/02.95 and
DIN 3168 for enclosure cooling units.
Rittal Therm supports 15 languages.
x
0 5 10 x2 15 20 x1 25 30 35 40
50
45
10%
40
%
20
➀
%
35
30
%
40
%
30 50 0%
6 0% 0%
Condensation and dehumidification 25
7 %
0
10
% 9
of the enclosure air when using 20
80
cooling units T 15
One unavoidable side-effect of using cooling 10
units is the dehumidification of the air inside the
5
enclosure. As it cools down, a proportion of the
humidity contained in the air condenses on the 0
evaporator coil. This condensate must be –5
removed safely from the enclosure. The amount
– 10
of condensation formed depends on the relative
humidity, the air temperature inside the – 15
enclosure and on the evaporator coil, and the – 20
volume of air present in the enclosure. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
pd
The Mollier h-x diagram shows the water content
of air depending on its temperature and relative Pd = Water vapour partial pressure [mbar]
T = Air temperature [°C]
humidity. x = Water content [g/kg dry air]
➀ = Relative humidity
Recooling systems
Tips on using recooling systems may be
found in our System Climate Control
brochure, pages 102/103.
Recooling systems may be used in all situations
where a high cooling load is required, e.g. in
process and machine cooling, in media cooling
or when dissipating heat loss from enclosures
via air/water heat exchangers.
Our project engineers will be happy to help you
design a recooling system for your specific
application area.
An overview of the planning data required for
this purpose can also be found on the Internet at
www.rittal.de / www.rittal.de/Klima in the
section on system climate control/machine
and process cooling.
. .
QE = QV – k A ∆T
Practical tips
Where the ambient temperature is lower than the
desired enclosure internal temperature, the use
of air/air heat exchangers may be expedient,
particularly in cases where the ambient air
contains dust, oil or aggressive substances
which must not be allowed to ingress the
enclosure under any circumstances.
Selection diagram
25 20 15 10 5 0
12 ∆T
. = Temperature difference [K]
30 10 QV = Heat loss [W]
8 A qw = Specific thermal output [W/K]
6 A = Enclosure surface area to
∆T VDE 0660 part 500 [m2]
40 4
2
50 0
60
70
Fan-and-filter unit
The following applies when calculating the
volumetric air flow:
.
. Qv
V=f
∆T
Installation instructions
Mounting of the fan-and-filter units on the
enclosure depends on the type of population
inside the enclosure.
● The fan-and-filter units and outlet filters should
be arranged on the enclosure in such a way
that air inlet is at the bottom and the air outlet
is at the top.
● Air routing inside the enclosure may be either
at the air intake end or the air discharge end.
Enclosure heaters
The required thermal output is calculated as
follows:
.
QH = A ∆T k
Practical tips
● Wherever possible, heaters should be fitted
underneath the components they protect,
since the hot air will rise and the heating effect
will therefore indirectly warm this component.
● In large enclosures, the best way of achieving
even heat distribution is to install several low-
Heating performance diagram output heaters.
5 10
● In order to ensure precise air temperature
10 2 5 7. control and air humidity inside the enclosure,
8 15 ∆T thermostat SK 3110.000 or hygrostat
6 20 SK 3118.000 should be used.
5
4 30
A 3
2
1.5
1
10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 200 300 500
.
QH
.
OH = Thermal output [W]
A = Enclosure surface area to VDE 0660 part 500 [m2]
∆T = Temperature difference [K]
Based on:
Interior siting, static air,
Heat transfer coefficient k = 5.5 W/m2 K
For exterior siting (moving air): Double the thermal output.
Installation on enclosures
The cooling unit must be correctly installed.
The roof plate of the enclosure must not be bent
or deformed by the weight of the cooling unit.
If necessary, additional reinforcing profiles
should be used. Do not obstruct the air inlets
and outlets of the internal circuit.
Take care not to bend the side panel or
enclosure door.
Note:
For TopTherm roof-mounted units, TS 8 roof
plates prepared with mounting cut-outs and
reinforcement strips for all standard enclosure
sizes are available as an accessory.
When installing after the unit has been
assembled, the twin-threaded bolts supplied
loose should be screwed into the marked holes
in the plastic base on the underside of the
device, with a maximum torque of 3 Nm.
Note:
Never direct the chilled air flow at active
components.
Accessories:
Air diverter, see System Climate Control
brochure, page 173.
Accessories:
Air diverter, see System Climate Control
brochure, page 173.
SK 3286.880
for units
SK 3383.xxx SK 3273.xxx
SK 3384.xxx SK 3209.xxx
SK 3385.xxx SK 3210.xxx
SK 3286.780
for units
SK 3382.xxx
SK 3359.xxx
SK 3286.980
for units
SK 3386.xxx
SK 3387.xxx
A Condensate drain
Any condensation which forms on the
evaporator coil (with high humidity and low
enclosure interior temperatures) is routed to the
right and/or downwards out of the device via a
drain in the evaporator tray. For this purpose, a
piece of hose should be connected to one of the
two condensate nozzles (A or B). The drain
which is not required should be tightly
sealed. The condensate must be able to run
off freely. If the condensate is to be drained
off over a greater distance, then care must be
taken that the hose is free from kinks and a
check for correct drainage made. Units with a
Comfort controller are additionally equipped with
a condensate alarm.
Note:
TopTherm cooling units are also optionally
B available with a built-in electronic condensate
evaporation, see Innovations brochure 2005,
pages 52/53.
Note:
For roof and wall-mounted units, either external
evaporator units or integral condensate
evaporators may be used.
TopTherm cooling units are also optionally
available with an integral electronic condensate
evaporation system and external evaporator
units, see Innovations brochure 2005,
pages 52/53.
Accessories:
PVC condensate hose
SK 3301.608 (8 x 1.5) for unit:
SK 3302.xxx
SK 3301.610 (10 x 1.5) for units:
SK 3303.xxx/SK 3361.xxx
SK 3301.612 (12 x 2) for units:
SK 3304.xxx/SK 3305.xxx
SK 3328.xxx/SK 3329.xxx
SK 3332.xxx/SK 3382.xxx
SK 3359.xxx/SK 3383.xxx
SK 3384.xxx/SK 3385.xxx
SK 3386.xxx/SK 3387.xxx
SK 3366.xxx/SK 3377.xxx
SK 3209.xxx/SK 3210.xxx
SK 3214.xxx/SK 3215.xxx
SK 3216.xxx/SK 3217.xxx
SK 3218.xxx/SK 3219.xxx
SK 3247.xxx/SK 3249.xxx
Basic controller
● Visualisation of the operating status via LED
display:
− Voltage applied, function OK.
− Door open
− Overtemperature
− High-pressure monitor has activated
● Switching hysteresis: 5 K
● Floating fault signal contact in case of
overtemperature
● Setpoint adjustable from the outside via
potentiometer (setting range 20 – 55 °C)
Comfort controller
● Three voltage options:
115 V, 230 V, 400/460 V 3 ~, supports multiple
voltages without rewiring
● Master / slave function for up to 10 units, i.e.
the unit which reaches the setpoint first
reports this to the “master”, which switches all
the other “slaves” on and off. The unit in which
the door limit switch function is activated
reports this to the “master”, which deactivates
all the “slaves”.
● Switching hysteresis: 2 – 10 K; preset to 5 K
● Visualisation of the current enclosure internal
temperature and all system messages on the
Important: display.
● The heat loss of the installed electronic ● Storage of all system statuses in the log file.
components is the decisive factor when ● Optional extension board.
planning a project. ● (SK 3124.200) with the option of RS 232,
● Do not direct air straight at the electronic RS 485, RS 422, and PLC interface, for
components (condensation!) integration into superordinate remote
● Limit the formation of condensation by sealing monitoring systems, e.g. with Rittal Computer
the enclosure (IP 54) and by using the door Multi Control CMC.
limit switch function.
Note:
The cables should be laid separately from the
mains cables; short cable distances should be
observed.
Master/slave operation
In open bayed enclosure systems which are not
separate from one another, cooling units with
Comfort control should always be used. These
7
6
may be placed in master/slave mode via bus
4
cable SK 3124.100:
● Simultaneous activation and deactivation of
the climate control units
● Parallel fault and door limit switch function
● Even temperature distribution across all
1
sections of the enclosure
3
5 1 Control cabinets
2 Wall-mounted cooling unit
2
3 Roof-mounted cooling unit
4 Comfort controller
5 5 Door limit switch
6 Connection terminals 1 and 2 of the cooling
unit
7 Master/slave unit
1 2
X1 X1 X1 X1
X2 X3 X2 X3 X2 X3 X2 X3
X2 X2 X2 X2 X2
3 Bu. St. Bu. St. Bu.
0102
1
2
3
1
1 Signal data cable The power cable, power supply unit cable,
2 Control cable
signal cable and data cable must be laid
separately; cable lengths should be kept as
3 Motor cable short as possible. Avoid coupled sections.
The new interface board (SK 3124.200) is an The extension card is built into a 1 U plastic
extension for TopTherm cooling units and air/ housing. A voltage supply of 24 V (DC) is
water heat exchangers with Comfort controller. required. This can be supplied from the CMC-TC
In this way it is possible, e.g. to monitor a via long-range power pack or externally via a
master/slave combination of up to 10 cooling Kycon connector.
units. Control is achieved via standardised
interfaces RS 232 (DB9) or RS 485, a PLC Further information may be found in our
interface. RS 422 (RJ 45 jack) is the connection assembly and operating instructions, at
to the Rittal CMC-TC. Remote monitoring via www.rittal.com.
TCP-IP, graphical interfaces for operation,
evaluation and control, documentation, and
connection to additional sensors for access
control and monitoring are all possible.
Note on the connection of cooling 3. Make the required changes to the master
4. Make the connection between the RTT I/O unit
units in a master/slave configuration and the PU
Only one unit may be configured as master, and – Message on the PU “Unit found”
the address ID must match the number of slave 5. Wait 60 s then confirm
units. – RTT I/O unit is correctly displayed with all its
The individual slave units must all have different slaves in the Web.
addresses, and the addresses must be in Configuration settings on the cooling unit
ascending order without any gaps in between. master regarding the number of slaves must
If changes are made to the configuration of the only be made if there is no supply voltage at
master, please proceed as follows: the RTT I/O unit, either from the PU or
externally.
1. Disconnect any existing connections
between the RTT I/O unit and the PU
– Timeout on the PU
2. Confirmation on the PU
– Unit has been removed
SNMP-OPC Server
For all applications in industrial automation
technology and building automation, OLE
(Object Linking and Embedding) for Process
Control (OPC) provides the ideal interface
between your control desk software and the
CMC-TC system. Software available on request.
www.cmc-tc.com
Note:
Further information can be found on the Internet
at:
www.obermeier-software.de
or by sending an e-mail enquiry to
info@obermeier-software
We offer one year’s warranty from the date of 5. The temperature range specified on the
delivery on all Rittal cooling units. rating plate must be observed when
operating the cooling unit, both indoors and
In order to ensure proper installation and use of
outdoors.
enclosure cooling units, the following points
should be observed: 6. The enclosure must be sealed on all sides
(IP 54).
1. Choose a location for the cooling unit which
ensures excellent ventilation. The site must 7. The air inlet and outlet openings in the
be free from excessive contamination and internal circuit of the cooling unit must not be
moisture. For example, the atmosphere must obstructed.
not contain any conductive dusts or
8. The cold air flow should not be directed
corrosive media.
straight at electronic components, to prevent
2. The mains connection data (connection the formation of condensation.
voltage and frequency) specified on the
9. The unit must only be installed horizontally, in
rating plate must be observed. In the case of
accordance with the prescribed installation
400V, 2~ cooling units, we recommend the
position. The maximum permissible deviation
use of transformer circuit-breakers, and for
from the horizontal is 2˚.
three-phase units, the use of motor circuit-
breakers is advisable. 10. After disconnecting from the supply voltage,
the cooling circuit of the cooling unit must
3. The prescribed electrical protection devices
not be switched back on for at least
must be connected upstream of the unit. No
5 minutes.
additional temperature control must be
connected upstream of the unit at the supply 11. The customer must not make any
end. The pre-fuse specified on the rating modifications to the cooling unit.
plate should be provided as line protection.
12. The heat loss of the components installed in
Observe the locally valid regulations when
the enclosure must not exceed the specific
installing.
useful cooling output of the cooling unit.
4. Where a door contact switch is used,
13. The installation instructions contained in the
a shielded cable should be used in
cooling unit manual must be observed in full.
environments with increased levels of
electromagnetic interference.
2
Unit with enclosures
For example, recooling systems may be
2 connected directly to a bayed enclosure suite,
to provide effective, centralised cooling for all
enclosures and housings on a machine or
system.
Spatially separated
High heat loads can be dissipated even in
confined and awkward spaces, thanks to the
2 spatial separation of the recooling system from
the enclosures and machine. In all cases, as
1
well as enclosure cooling, cooling water may
also be produced for process and machine
cooling or for cooling liquid media.
1 Recooling system
2 Air/water heat exchanger, roof-mounted
3 Air/water heat exchanger, wall-mounted
4 Other components, e.g. machine cooling
Lengthy shutdowns:
If the system is likely to be shut down for a long
period, the medium circuit should be drained
completely. When restarting the system, the
same checks should be carried out as for first-
time commissioning.
Example
Parallel connection of air/water heat exchangers
with cold water supply via a recooling system.
2 Overflow valves and bypass controls should be
integrated into the recooling system and the
1
customer's own pipeline system respectively.
Effective in extreme conditions:
Air/water heat exchangers may even be used in
particularly extreme ambient temperatures from
+1 °C to +70 °C. Even extreme levels of
3 contamination in the ambient air, e.g. with dust
and oil, do not affect functioning. High heat
3 losses are dissipated in the most confined
spaces, without emitting them directly to the
ambient air. A high operating ratio is achieved,
4
thanks to the large surface area of the heat
exchanger unit.
1 Recooling system
2 Air/water heat exchanger, roof-mounted
3 Air/water heat exchanger, wall-mounted
4 Additional cooling water circuit for machine
cooling
When siting the recooling system, ● Connection of an inlet and outlet duct shall
require the manufacturer’s prior consent.
the following points should be − Performance loss (air-cooled recooling
observed: system)
● Never site the recooling system in the vicinity
In the case of air-cooled recooling systems, the
of a heater.
following minimum distances from the wall and
− Performance loss
ceiling should be observed:
● The recooling system may only be sited on
flat, solid surfaces. The maximum permissible
deviation from the vertical is 2°.
Ceiling ● Connect the equipment to the recooling
system using insulated pipe or hose
1
connections.
Wall 2 ● If the equipment is positioned higher than the
Cooling
unit recooling sstem, install a non-return valve
Cooling
upstream in the inlet and a magnetic valve in
unit the return.
− To avoid overflowing the tank.
● With recooling systems that are intended for
covered outdoor siting, the minimum external
temperature is given in the technical
1 Wall: At least 1x condenser height specifications.
2 Ceiling: At least 3x the condenser height ● In the case of recooling systems (for water) at
temperatures below zero, a water/glycol
mixture should be added in the prescribed
ratio.
● If it is possible to shut off the equipment cycle,
a bypass must be provided in order to protect
the pump.
● Under no circumstances must the circulation
pump be allowed to run dry.
− Damage to the pump
2 2 2 2
1 4 4 4 4
1 Recooling system
2 Air/water heat exchanger
3 Bypass safety valve (bypass function with
closed solenoid valve in the air/water heat
exchanger (SK 3301.900/.910/.920)
4 Flow regulator valve for volumetric flow
control for air/water heat exchangers
(SK 3301.930/.940)
1 4
2 5
3 6
Fan-and-
filter unit
Accessories:
Outlet filter
Accessories:
2.
1.
Direction of air flow in the supplied state/ Direction of air flow after rotating the fan motor
standard
Enclosure heaters are used to prevent the Installation option for the enclosure heaters
formation of condensation inside the enclosure
Installation versions:
and maintain a constant minimum operating
temperature (e.g. when the system is switched 1 Direct screw-fastening on the mounting plate
off overnight). They achieve thermal outputs of (screw-fastened from the rear via the
10 to 1000 watts. mounting plate)
Modern enclosure heaters are equipped with 2 Direct snap-mounting on the C rail
PTC elements. By virtue of their characteristic
This facilitates easier, faster mounting.
curve, these are self-regulating.
From an energy and environmental viewpoint, it
is nevertheless advisable to use either a
thermostat or hygrostat, or possibly both
together, depending on the application, for
control purposes. If both are used, both control
devices activate the heater via a contactor.
1 2
Safety clearances
at least 50 mm
at least 50 mm
at least 35 mm
Switch to perfection