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Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Civil Engineering (Universal College of Parañaque)

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IPD PPD Evaluation Examination 5

(Refrigeration and Air Conditioning)
Prepared by: Jose R. Francisco, PME
February 2010

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box
corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED. Use pencil No. 1 only

1. An air-vapor mixture has a DB temperature of 30 oC and a humidity ratio of 0.015 kg/kg d.a. Calculate the enthalpy.
a) 68.527 kJ/kg d.a. b) 78.527 kJ/kg d.a. c) 58.527 kJ/kg d.a. d) 88.527 kJ/kg d.a.

Solution: h = 1.007 t − 0.026 + W (2501 + 1.84 t ) = (1.007 )(30) − 0.026 + (0.015) [2501 + 1.84(30 ) = 68.527 kJ / kg ]

2. Calculate the moisture content of moist air at 20 oC DB, 15 oC WB, and 95 kPa barometric pressure. Let the saturation pressure of water at
15 oC equals to 1.7057 kPaa and at 20 oC is 2.339 kPaa.
a) 0.00923 kg/kg d.a. b) 0.00293 kg/kg d.a. c) 0.00392 kg/kg d.a. d) 0.00239 kg/kg d.a.

Solution: p v = p WB − 6.66 x 10
−4
( )
p t (DB − WB) = 1.7057 − 6.66 x 10 −4 (95)(20 − 15) = 1.38935 kPaa
pv ⎛ 1.38935 ⎞
W = (0.622 ) = 0.622⎜ ⎟ = 0.00923 kg / kg da.
pt − pv ⎝ 95 − 1.38935 ⎠

3. If the specific humidity of moist air is 0.027 at 1 atmosphere pressure. What is the partial pressure of the water vapor in the mixture?
a) 4.215 Kpaa b) 3.516 Kpaa c) 3.617 Kpaa d) 2.584 kPaa

Solution: p v =
W pt (0.027 )(101.325
= = 4.215 kPaa
W + 0.622 0.027 + 0.622

4. The mixing ratio of humid air is 0.034 at a dry-bulb temperature of 27°C. Determine the enthalpy of the given air. hg @27 °C = 2550.8
KJ/kg.
a) 67.25 kJ/kg b) 80.62 KJ/kg c) 103.69 KJ/kg d) 55.68 KJ/kg

Solution: h = 1.0062t + W h g = (1.0062)(27 ) + (0.034)(2250.8) = 103.69 kJ / kg da

5. The dry bulb temperature of humid air is 35°C. What is the wet-bulb depression in °F if the wet-bulb temperature is 18°C?
a) 17.6 b) 30.6 c) 18.0 d) 25.8

⎛9⎞
Solution: WB depression = DB − WB = (35 − 18)⎜ ⎟ = 30.6 o
F
⎝5⎠

6. Determine the dew point depression of the room air when the dry-bulb and dew point temperature is 69.8°F and 15°C, respectively.
a) 6 °C b) 8 °C c) 5.8 °C d) 7 °F

⎛5⎞
Solution: DP Depression = DB − DP = (69.8 − 32 )⎜ ⎟ − 15 = 6 o C
⎝9⎠

7. Determine the capacity of the cooler which heats 1.5 m3/s of moist air at a state of 21°C DB and 15°C WB by 20°C if the enthalpy of
entering air is 62.26 KJ/kg and the enthalpy of the leaving air is 41.94 KJ/kg. The specific volume of entering air is 845 liters per kg.
a) 28.05 KW b. 54.25 KW c. 36.075 KW d. 10.525 KW

⎛ 1. 5 ⎞
Solution: q = m(h 2 − h 1 ) = ⎜ ⎟ (62.26 − 41.94 ) = 36.071 kJ / kg d.a.
⎝ 0.845 ⎠

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8. 2.5 m3/s of humid air at a state of 28°C DB, 21 WB and 101.325 Kpaa flow across a cooler coil and leaves at 12.5°C DB and 0.0083 kg
vapor per kg dry air. If the apparatus dew point (ADP) is 8.5, compute for the contact factor (CF).
a) 0.835 b. 0.795 c. 0.579 d. 0.306
1
Solution:

t 1 − t 2 h 1 − h 2 W1 − W2 28 − 12.5
CF = = = = = 0.795 2
t 1 − t 3 h 1 − h 3 W1 − W3 28 − 8.5 3

9. 1.4 Kg/sec of air at 33°C DB and 19°C WB is cooled and humidified by passing through an air washer in which water is continuously
circulated. The air leaves the air washer at 23°C DB. Determine the air moisture added in kg/sec if the specific humidity of air leaving and
air entering the washer is 0.0122 and 0.0081, respectively.
a) 0.00574 b. 0.00385 c. 0.00853 d. 0.00835

Solution: m v = m(W2 − W1 ) = (1.4 )(0.0122 − 0.0081) = 0.00574 kg / s

10. Air at 33 oC DB and 19 oC WB is cooled and humidified by passing through an air washer in which water is continuously recirculated.
The air leaves the air washer at 23 oC DB. What is the efficiency of the air washer?
a) 71.43 % b) 73.41 % c) 74.31 % d) 73.14 %

⎛ t1 − t 2 ⎞ 33 − 23 ⎞
Solution: Eff = CF(100 % ) = ⎜⎜ ⎟ (100 % ) = ⎛⎜ ⎟ (100 % ) = 71.43 %
− ⎟ ⎝ 33 − 19 ⎠
⎝ 1 3⎠
t t

11. A stream of outdoor air is mixed with a stream of return air in an air conditioning system that operated at 101.325 kPa barometric
pressure. The flow rate of outdoor air is 2 kg/s, and its conditions are 35 oC DB, 25 oC WB, and 0.0159 kg/kg d.a.. The flow rate of return
air is 3 kg/s, and its conditions are 24 oC DB, 50 % RH, and 0.00925 kg/kg d.a. Determine the temperature of the mixture.
a) 28.4 oC b) 26.4 oC c) 29.4 oC d) 30.4 %

m 1 t 1 + m 2 t 2 2 (35) + 3 (24 )
Solution: t 3 = = = 28.4 o C
m1 + m 2 2+3

12. If the sensible heat ratio is 0.80 and the cooling load is 100 kW, what is the amount of sensible heat?
a) 100 kW b) 125 kW c) 80 kW d) 60 kW

qs
Solution: = SHR q s = q T (SHR ) = (0.80 )(100) = 80 kW
qT

13. A moist air is at 30 oC dry bulb and specific humidity of 0.015 kg/kg dry air. Barometric pressure is 90 kPa. Determine the specific
volume of the moist air.
a) 0.98 m3/kg d.a. b) 0.99 m3/kg d.a c) 0.89 m3/kg d.a d) 0.88 m3/kg d.a

Solution: p v =
W (p t ) (0.015)(90) v=
RT
=
(0.28708)(30 + 273) = 0.9898 m 3 / kg da.
= = 2.119 kPaa
W + 0.622 0.015 + 0.622 pt − pv 90 − 2.119

14. A room being air-conditioned is being held at 25 oC DB and 50 % RH. A flow rate of 5 m3/s of supply air at 15 oC DB and 80 % RH is
being delivered to the room to maintain that steady conditioned at 100 kPaa. What is the sensible heat absorbed from the room air in kW?
a) 1168.3 kW b) 1168.08 kW c)11 80.68 kW d) 1186.06 kW

100 (5)
q s = m c p (t 2 − t 1 ) = (116.11)(1.0062)(25 − 15) = 1168.3 kW
p t V1
Solution: m = = = 116.11 kg / s
R T1 (0.28708)(15)

15. A certain volume of a moist air is at 34 oC dry bulb and 65 % relative humidity when the barometric pressure is 101 kPaa. If the water
saturation pressure at 34 oC is 5.318 kPaa. Determine the humidity ratio.
a) 0.022 kg/kg dry air b) 0.012 kg/kg dry air c) 0.021 kg/kg dry air d) 0.018 kg/kg dry air

Solution: p v = RH (p d ) = (0.65)(5.318) = 3.4567 kPaa

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⎛ pv ⎞
⎟ = (0.622) ⎛⎜
3.4567 ⎞
W = 0.622 ⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎟ = 0.022 kg / kg d.a.
⎝ pt − pv ⎠ ⎝ 101 − 3.4567 ⎠

16. The change of enthalpy in an air conditioning unit is 23.5 kJ/kg. The mass of supply air is 68000 kg/hr. What is the conditioner capacity,
in TR?
a) 126.21 TR b) 125.26 TR c) 162.25 TR d) 152.26 TR

⎛ 68 000 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (23.5)
⎝ 3 600 ⎠
Solution: q = m(∆h ) = = 126.21 TR
3.517

17. A room is to be maintained at 20°C DB, 52% relative humidity. Sensible heat load is 500,000 KJ/hr while latent heat load is 20,000 KJ/hr.
What is the sensible heat ratio (SHR)?
a) 0.96 b) 0.85 c) 0.69 d) 0.74

qs 500 000
Solution: SHR = = = 0.9615
q s + q L 500 000 + 20 000

18. A mechanical draft cooling tower cools the cooling water from 60°C to 25°C at the rate of 8 kg/sec. Atmospheric air enters the tower at a
state of 20°C DB and 16°C WB. The air leaves the tower at 35°C. What is the temperature of approach?
a. 9°C b. 6°C c. 8°C d. 35°C

Solution: CA = t 4 − WB1 = 25 − 16 = 9
o
C

19. A room being air-conditioned is held at 25 oC DB and 50 % RH. A flow rate of 5 m3/s of supply air at 15 oC DB and 80 % RH is being
delivered to the room to maintain that steady condition at 100 kPa. What is the sensible heat absorbed from the room air, in kW?
a) 60.85 kW b) 50.80 kW c) 70.90 kW d) 40.50 kW

RT1 0.28708 (15 + 273)

Solution: v 1 = = = 0.8268 m 3 / kg
p1 100
⎛Q ⎞
⎟ c p (t r − t s ) = ⎛⎜
5 ⎞
q s = m c p (t r − t s ) = ⎜⎜ s ⎟ ⎟ (1.0062)(25 − 15) = 60.85 kW
⎝ vs ⎠ ⎝ 0. 8268 ⎠

20. Fish weighing 11 000 kg with a temperature of 20 oC is brought to a cold storage and which shall be cooled to – 10 oC in 11 hours. Find
the required plant refrigerating capacity in TR if the specific heat of fish is 0.7 kCal/kg-oC above freezing and 0.30 kCal/kg-oC below
freezing point that is – 3 oC. The latent heat of freezing is 55.5 kCal/kg.
a) 25.26 b) 14.38 c) 15.26 d) 24.38

Solution:

21. An air-vapor mixture has a dry bulb temperature of 30 oC and a humidity ratio of 0.015 kg/kg dry air. Calculate the partial pressure of the
water vapor.
a) 2.7383 kPaa b) 2.3783 kPaa c) 3.2783 kPaa d) 3.3278 kPaa

22. Water at 55 oC is cooled in a cooling tower that has an efficiency of 65 %. The temperature of the surrounding air is 32 oC DB and 27.40
o
C WB. The heat dissipated from the condenser is 2 300 000 kJ/hr. Find the capacity, in lps, of the pump used in the cooling tower.
a) 8.57 lps b) 5.78 lps c) 7.58 lps d) 7.85 lps
23. A room is to be maintained at 20 oC dry bulb, 52 % relative humidity. Sensible heat load is 500 000 kJ/hr while latent heat load is 20 000
kJ/hr. Determine the amount of air at 15 oC that must be supplied in kg/hr. Assume cp of air is 1.0062 kg/kg-oK.
a) 100 383.82 kg/hr b) 98 393.82 kg/hr c) 99 383.82 kg/hr d) 99 883.32 kg/hr

24. Calculate the moisture content of moist air at 20 oC dry bulb, 15 oC wet bulb, and 95 kPa barometric pressure. Let the saturation pressure
of water at 15 oC equals to 1.7051 kPaa and at 20 oC is 2.339 kPaa.
a) 0.00296 kg/kg dry air b) 0.00926 kg/kg dry air c) 0.00692 kg/kg dry air d) 0.00629 kg/kg dry
25. Hot water from an engine enters the cooling tower circuit at 50°C and exits the tower at 32°C. If the ambient conditions is at 35°C dry
bulb and 24°C wet bulb, what is the cooling effectiveness of the cooling tower in percent?
a. 60 b. 65 c. 70 d. 75

26. A mechanical draft cooling tower cools the cooling water from 60°C to 25°C at the rate of 8 kg/sec. Atmospheric air enters the tower at a
state of 20°C DB and 16°C WB. The air leaves the tower at 35°C. What is the temperature of approach?

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a. 9°C b. 6°C c. 8°C d. 35°C
27. A certain material enters dryer containing 60 % water and leaves with 5 % water. Find the mass of the final product if the original product
is 1 kg/s.
a) 0.421 kg/s b) 0.412 kg/s c) 0.214 kg/s d) 0.142 kg/s

28. Calculate the load on the cooler coil which cools 1.8 kg/s of moist air at a state of 21°C DB, 15°C WB and 1 atm pressure by 5°C. The
enthalpy of air entering is 41.84 KJ/kg and air leaving is 36.845 KJ/kg.
a. 12.05 hp b. 13.05 hp c. 10.05 hp d. 8.05 hp
29. The amount of water carried by air in a cooling tower is 0.1134 kg/sec. The change in humidity ratio is 0.025 kgwv/kgda. Determine the
volume of air needed if the specific volume is 0.0385 m3/kg expressed in m3/min.
a. 5.10 b. 7.85 c. 10.5 d. 12.95

30. A dryer is to deliver 1200 kg/hr of cassava flour with 2 % moisture and 20 % moisture in the feed. What is the mass of air required per
hour if the change in humidity ratio is 0.0165 kg/kg dry air?
a) 16 363.64 kg/hr b) 13 663.64 kg/hr c) 14 636.63 kg/hr d) 16 636.46 kg/hr

31. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of power and the temperature of the sinks is 26 oC.
What is the temperature of the hot source, in oC?
a) 245.57 b) 250.25 c) 210.10 d) 260.68
32. A refrigeration compressor has a specific volume of 0.0482 m3/kg at entrance and 0.017 m3/kg at the exit. If volumetric efficiency is 90 %,
determine the percent clearance of the compressor.
a) 5.45 % b) 5.54 % c) 4.55 % d) 5.65 %

33. A 90 TR system has a compressor input of 0.97 kW per TR and COP of 5. Determine the efficiency of the compressor.
a) 72.5 % b) 75.2 % c) 74.5 % d) 73.5 %
34. Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 26 oC is available at the expansion valve. The temperature of the vaporizing ammonia in the
evaporator is 2 oC. Find the percentage of liquid vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve. Properties of refrigerant: At t = 2
o
C, hf = 190.4 kJ/kg and hg = 1445.6 kJ/kg; At 26 oC, hf = 303.6 kJ/kg and hg = 1465.6 kJ/kg.
a) 10.2 % b) 9.02 % c) 11.02 % d) 12.02 %
35. A 100 TR system is used to produce chilled water from 22 oC to 2 oC. Determine the mass flow rate of chilled water?
a) 4.2 kg/s b) 3.2 kg/s c) 2.4 kg/s d) 2.4 kg/min

36. A Carnot engine requires 35 kJ/s from the hot source. The engine produces 15 kW of power and the temperature of the sinks is 26 oC.
What is the temperature of the hot source, in oC?
a) 245.57 b) 250.25 c) 210.10 d) 260.68

W T − TL T TL 26 + 273
Solution: = H = 1− L TH = = = 523.25 o K = 250.25 o C
QH TH TH W 15
1− 1−
QH 35
37. A refrigeration compressor has a specific volume of 0.0482 m3/kg at entrance and 0.017 m3/kg at the exit. If volumetric efficiency is 90 %,
determine the percent clearance of the compressor.
a) 5.45 % b) 5.54 % c) 4.55 % d) 5.65 %

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎛ v1 ⎞ ⎜ ηv −1 ⎟ −
Solution: η v = 1 + c − c⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ c=⎜ (100 % ) = ⎜ 0 .90 1 ⎟(100 % ) = 5.45 %
⎝ v2 ⎠ v1 ⎟ ⎜ 0.0482 ⎟
⎜⎜ 1 − ⎟ ⎜ 1− ⎟
⎝ v 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 0.017 ⎠

38. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and maximum temperatures are – 25 oC and 72 oC,
respectively. If the heat rejected at the condenser is 6000 kJ/min, determine the power input required.
a) 1686.83 kJ/min b) 1668.83 kJ/min c) 1866.83 kJ/min d) 1683.68 kJ/min

Q L TL ⎛T ⎞ ⎛ 273 − 25 ⎞
Solution: = Q L = Q H ⎜⎜ L ⎟⎟ = (6000 )⎜ ⎟ = 4 313.04 kJ / min
Q H TH ⎝ TH ⎠ ⎝ 72 + 273 ⎠

W = Q H − Q L = 6000 − 4313.04 = 1686.96 kJ / min

39. A 90 TR system has a compressor input of 0.97 kW per TR and COP of 5. Determine the efficiency of the compressor.
a) 72.5 % b) 75.2 % c) 74.5 % d) 73.5 %

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90(3.516 )
Solution: W ' = (0.97 kW / TR )(90 TR ) = 87.3 kW
Qe
W= = = 63.288 kW
COP 5

ηc =
W
(100 % ) = ⎛⎜ 63.288 ⎞⎟ (100 % ) = 72.5 %
W' ⎝ 87.3 ⎠

40. Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 26 oC is available at the expansion valve. The temperature of the vaporizing ammonia in the
evaporator is 2 oC. Find the percentage of liquid vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve. Properties of refrigerant: At t = 2
o
C, hf = 190.4 kJ/kg and hg = 1445.6 kJ/kg; At 26 oC, hf = 303.6 kJ/kg and hg = 1465.6 kJ/kg.
a) 10.2 % b) 9.02 % c) 11.02 % d) 12.02 %

⎛ h4 − hf4 ⎞
Solution: x 4 = ⎜ ⎟ (100 % ) = ⎛⎜ 303.6 − 190.4 ⎞⎟ (100 % ) = 9.02 %
⎜ h fg 4 ⎟ ⎝ 1445.6 − 190.4 ⎠
⎝ ⎠

41. A 100 TR system is used to produce chilled water from 22 oC to 2 oC. Determine the mass flow rate of chilled water?
a) 4.2 kg/s b) 3.2 kg/s c) 2.4 kg/s d) 2.4 kg/min

Qe 100(3.516 )
Solution: m cw = = = 4.2 kg / s
c p (∆T ) 4.187(22 − 2 )

42. The heat rejected from condenser is 300 kW. The water required to cool the refrigerant is 5 lps. Determine the temperature of water
leaving the condenser if water enters at 25 C.
a) 39.33 oC b) 33.93 oC c) 33.39 oC d) 32.39 oC

QR 300
Solution: t o = + ti = + 25 = 39.33 o C
mc p 5(4.187 )

43. An ideal vapor compression cycle requires 2.5 kW to power the compressor. You have found the following data for the cycle: the enthalpy
at the condenser entrance = 203 kJ/kg, exit = 55 kJ/kg; and evaporator entrance = 55 kJ/kg, exit = 178 kJ/kg. If the mass flow rate of the
refrigerant is 0.10 kg/s, what is the coefficient of performance of the system?
a) 9.42 b) 4.92 c) 4.29 d) 2.94

m(h 1 − h 4 ) 0.10(178 − 55)

Solution: COP = = = 4.92
Wc 2.5

44. How much brine must be circulated if the change in temperature is 15 oF, SG = 1.182, the specific heat is 0.729 Btu/lb-oR?
a) 304.17 lb/min b) 317.04 lb/min c) 340.17 lb/min d) 371.04 lb/min

45. An evaporator has a temperature of 3 oC with entrance enthalpy of 357.75 kJ/kg. At 3 oC, hf = 319.56 kJ/kg and hg = 642.45 kJ/kg. Find
the amount of lashed vapor refrigerant before entering the evaporator.
a) 0.1183 kg/kg b) 0.2018 kg/kg c) 0.1208 kg/kg d) 0.1820 kg/kg

h4 − hf4 357.75 − 319.56

Solution: x 4 = = = 0.1183 kg / kg
h g 4 − h f 4 642.45 − 319.56

46. A 100 TR system is used to produce chilled water from 22 C to 2 C. Determine the volume flow rate of water in lps.
a) 3.2 lps b) 4.2 lps c) 3.8 lps d) 4.8 lps

Qe 100(3.516 ) m 4.2 kg / s
Solution: m = = = 4.2 kg / s V= = = 4.2 lps
c p (∆T ) 4.187(22 − 2 ) ρ 1 kg / li

47. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and maximum temperatures are – 25 oC and 72 oC,
respectively. If the heat rejected at the condenser is 6000 kJ/min, determine the power input required.
a) 1686.83 kJ/min b) 1668.83 kJ/min c) 1866.83 kJ/min d) 1683.68 kJ/min

Q L TL ⎛T ⎞ ⎛ 273 − 25 ⎞
Solution: = Q L = Q H ⎜⎜ L ⎟⎟ = (6000 )⎜ ⎟ = 4 313.04 kJ / min
Q H TH ⎝ TH ⎠ ⎝ 72 + 273 ⎠

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W = Q H − Q L = 6000 − 4313.04 = 1686.96 kJ / min

48. Compute the heat to be removed from 110 kg of lean beef if it is to be cooled from 20 oC to 4 oC, after which it is frozen and cooled to –
18 oC. Specific heat of beef above freezing is given as 3.23 kJ/kg-oC and below freezing is 1.68 kJ/kg-oC, freezing point is – 2.2 oC, and
latent heat of fusion is 233 kJ/kg.
a) 40 319 kJ b) 36 437.5 kJ c) 42 329 kJ d) 37 438 kJ

49. An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at – 15 oC from water at 25 oC. If miscellaneous losses are 12 % of the freezing and chilling
load, calculate the refrigeration capacity of the plant, in TR.
a) 28.13 b) 38.13 c) 31.50 d) 41.50

50. A 78 mm x 78 mm, single-acting, double-cylinder NH3 compressor is to run 400 rpm with a condensing pressure of 934.575 kPag and
evaporator pressure of 125.715 kPag. Assuming a volumetric efficiency of 80 %, determine the refrigerating capacity of the compressor,
in TR. From Ammonia table: h1 = 1442.6 kJ/kg, v1 = 0.528 m3/kg, h3 = 322.471 kJ/kg.
a) 2.39 TR b) 1.72 TR c) 2.17 TR d) 2.71 TR

51. The following data are from a 150 000 kW steam turbine-generator power plant: Annual gross kW-hrs generation = 770 x 106; Annual net
kW-hrs generation = 722 x 106; Annual average load, kW = 99 660; and Annual maximum peak load = 150 000. Calculate the annual
plant capacity factor.
a) 54.95 % b) 44.28 % c) 62.26 % d) 59.93 %
52. The daily energy produced in a certain power plant is 480 000 kW-hrs. What is the daily average load?
a) 30 MW b) 20 MW c) 15 MW d) 25 MW

53. The following data are from 150 000 kW steam turbine-generator power plant: Annual gross kW-hrs generation = 770 x 106; Annual net
kW-hrs generation = 722 x 106; Annual average load, kW = 99 660; Annual maximum peak load = 150 000; and Annual operating hours
generation = 7 729. Calculate the annual plant use factor.
a) 62.28 % b) 63.28 % c) 61.28 % d) 64.28 %
54. A steam engine has a bore and stroke of 300 mm x 420 mm running at 250 rpm has an indicated mean effective pressure of 400 kPa.
Determine the indicated power.
a) 88 kW b) 99 kW c) 77 kW d) 66 kW

55. Determine the thermal conductivity of a material that is use in a 2 m2 test panel, 25 mm thick with temperature difference of 10.8 oF
between the surfaces. During the 5 hours test period, the heat transmitted is 200 kJ.
a) 0.023 W/m-oC b) 0.032 W/m-oC c) 0.043 W/m-oC d) 0.034 W/m-oC
56. A fan has a suction pressure of 30 mm water vacuum with air velocity of 3 m/s. The discharge has 150 mm of water gage and discharge
velocity of 7 m/s. Determine the total head if air density is 1.2 kg/m3.
a) 152 m b) 125 m c) 251 m d) 215 m

57. Defined as the difference in temperature between the cold water leaving the cooling tower and the ambient air wet bulb temperature.
a) Approach b) Cooling range c) Terminal difference d) Cooling effect
58. The difference in temperatures between the hot water entering and the cold water leaving the cooling tower.
a) Approach b) Cooling range c) Terminal difference d) Cooling effect
59. The transfer of heat manifested in an increase in temperature of the air.
a) Latent heat b) Sensible heat c) Radiated heat d) Conducted heat

60. An external air or an atmosphere exterior to refrigerated or conditioned space.

a) Saturated air b) Moist air c) Outside air d) Indoor air
61. An air condition in which the partial pressure of the water vapor is equal to the vapor pressure of water at the existing temperature.
a) Moist air b) Dry air c) Saturated air d) Conditioned air

62. An air conditioning device in which water circulates continuously, and the spray provides so much surface area that the air leaves the
spray chamber in equilibrium with water, with respect to both temperature and vapor pressure. The walls of the device are insulated that
no heat is added to or extracted from the water line.
a) Air washer b) Cooler coil c) Cooler battery d) Adiabatic saturator
63. Adiabatic saturation process is an air conditioning process that is theoretically:
a) Constant dry bulb temperature b) Constant wet bulb temperature
c) Constant enthalpy d) Constant dew point temperature
64. The most common instrument used to determine the mean radiant temperature; it consists a hollow 6 inches in diameter, flat black paint
coating, and a thermocouple or thermometer bulb at its center.
a) Psychrometer b) Thermocouple c) Kelvin thermometer d) Vernon’s globe thermometer
65. The term refers to any glazed aperture in a building envelope; the component of which include like: glazing materials, either glass or
plastic; framing, mullions, dividers; etc.
a) Transmission b) Filtration c) Fenestration d) Reflection

66. Defined as the process of removing moisture in varying amounts from solid or semi-fluid materials; and may be accomplished by
pressure, suction, decantation, or evaporation.
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a) Evaporating b) Dewatering c) Heating d) Drying
67. The water occurring when a chemical component of the material changes its chemical composition by heat or other means.
a) Inherent moisture or water b) Bed moisture or water c) Chemically combined water d) Water content

68. Defined as the ratio of the weight or mass of water vapor to the weight or mass of dry air.
a) Relative humidity b) Specific humidity c) Specific volume d) Percent saturation
69. A type of dryer that may have the flame from combustion impinging on the material being dried, or the gases of combustion may be
mixed with additional air so that mixture in contact with the material is reduced in temperature.
a) Direct-contact type dryer b) Indirect-contact type dryer c) Steam-heated type dryer d) Hearth dryer

70. It is one of the four main components of an air-cooled refrigeration system. It receives hot gas from the compressor and rejects it to a place
where it makes no difference. What do you call this?
a) Air-cooled condenser b) Water-cooled condenser c) Evaporator d) Dryer
71. A process that maintains comfort conditions in a defined area or space.
a) Air conditioning b) Air cooling c) Cooling process d) Refrigeration

72. Equipment that conditions air by cleaning, cooling, heating humidifying or dehumidifying it. A term often applied to comfort cooling
equipment.
a) Cooling and dehumidifying apparatus b) Air Conditioner
c) Refrigerator d) Air Cooler
73. Substance that are particularly variable in the moisture content that they can possess at different times.
a) Wet materials b) Hygroscopic materials c) Dry materials d) Bone-dry materials

74. A device used ti exchange heat between air and another medium at different temperature levels, such as air-to-air, air-to-water, air-to-
refrigerant.
a) Water heat exchanger b) Gas heat exchanger c) Air heat exchanger d) Heater
75. A chemical desiccant used in refrigerant driers is called as:
a) Activated Alumina b) Activated charcoal c) Refrigerant 12 d) Ammonia

76. The temperature measured using a plain thermometer.

a) Wet-Bulb Temperature b) Dry-Bulb Temperature c) Dew Point d. Ambient temperature
77. A term used to indicate the high-pressure side or condensing side of the refrigeration system.
a) Tight Side b) Low Side c) High Side d) Medium Side

78. Any substance in a refrigeration system that is foreign to the system, particularly if it causes damage.
a) Refrigerant b) Contaminant c) Toxic Gases d) Noncondensable gases
79. In a cooling tower, what is the difference in temperatures between the hot water entering and the cold water leaving the cooling tower?
a) Theoretical Cooling Range b) Actual Cooling Range c) Terminal difference d) Actual Cooling effect

80. How do you call the transfer of heat manifested in an increase in temperature of the air?
a) Latent heat b) Sensible heat c) Radiated heat d) Conducted heat
81. How do you call an external air or an atmosphere exterior to refrigerated or conditioned space?
a) Saturated air b) Moist air c) Outside air d) Indoor air
82. It is a condition of air wherein the partial pressure of the water vapor is equal to the vapor pressure of water at the existing temperature.
What is this condition of air?
a) Moist air b) Dry air c) Saturated air d) Conditioned air
83. It is defined as the ratio of the weight or mass of water vapor to the weight or mass of dry air. How do you call this ratio?
a) Relative humidity b) Specific humidity c) Specific volume d) Percent saturation

84. It is an air conditioning device in which water circulates continuously, and the spray provides so much surface area that the air leaves the
spray chamber in equilibrium with water, with respect to both temperature and vapor pressure. The walls of the device are insulated that
no heat is added to or extracted from the water line. What is this air conditioning device?
a) Air washer b) Cooling and dehumidifying Apparatus c) Cooler battery d) Adiabatic saturator
85. Adiabatic saturation process is an air conditioning process that is theoretically:
a) Constant dry bulb temperature b) Constant wet bulb temperature
c) Constant enthalpy d) Constant dew point temperature
86. It is an assembly of equipment for the treatment of air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and
distribution to meet the requirements of a conditioned. How do you call this equipment?
a) Refrigeration Unit b) Air conditioning unit b) Air Washer d) Cooling and dehumidifying Apparatus

87. These cooling towers have the fans are located at the top and draw the air upward through the tower. How do you call this cooling tower?
a) Natural Draft Cooling Tower b) Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower
c) Forced Draft-fan Cooling Tower d) Induced Draft-fan Cooling Tower
88. The part of the energy from the pressurization of a gas or a liquid converted to heat.
a) Heat of Evaporation b) Latent Heat of Fusion c) Heat of Compression d) Heat of Combustion

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89. A refrigeration system that contains acid due to contamination is known as:
a. Acid Refrigeration system b) Acid Contaminated System c) Acid-additive system d) Acid number
90. It is a device commonly used to cool condenser water in Power and Refrigeration plants; its function is to reject heat to the atmosphere by
reducing the temperature of water circulated through condenser or other heat rejection equipment. What is this device?
a) Radiator b) Heat Exchanger c) Cooling Tower d) Air Conditioner

91. Which of the following does not belong to the factors affecting the rate of heat transfer in a cooling tower?
a) The difference between the air wet-bulb temperature and the water temperature b) The area of water surface exposed to the air
c) The relative velocity of the air and water d) The size of the induced draft fan
92. It is the rate at which energy must be removed from a space to maintain the temperature and humidity at the design values. It differs from
the heat gain because the radiation from the inside surface of the walls and interior objects as well as the solar radiation coming directly
into the space through openings does not heat the air within the space directly. What is this rate?
a) Cooling Load b) Heat extraction rate c) Latent Heat Rate d) Sensible Heat Rate

93. It is defined as the rate at which energy is removed from the space by cooling and dehumidifying equipment; this rate must be equal to the
cooling load when the space conditions are constant and the equipment is operating. How do you call this rate?
a) Cooling Load b) Heat extraction rate c) Latent Heat Rate d) Sensible Heat Rate
94. This is a computer or hand calculation procedure where energy requirements are determined at many outdoor temperature conditions; it is
used for the energy calculations of air conditioning systems. What is this method?
a) Calculator Method b) Dalton Method c) Carrier Method d) Bin Method

95. It is a rate at which energy is transferred to or generated within a space; it occurs in the following forms: solar radiation through opening;
heat conduction through boundaries with convection and radiation from the inner surfaces into the space; and sensible heat convection and
radiation from the internal objects.
a) Heat Gain b) Cooling Load c) Sensible Heat d) Latent Heat
96. A device with two thermometers, one a wet bulb and one a dry bulb, used for checking air conditions, temperature and humidity.
a) Sling Psychrometer b) Hydrometer c) Picnometer d) Double-thermometer

97. A temperature that would result if the psychrometric process occurring in a dehumidifier, humidifier, or surface cooler were carried to the
saturation condition of the leaving air while maintaining the same ratio of sensible to total heat load in the process.
a) Apparatus dew point temperature b) Wet bulb temperature c) Dry-bulb temperature d) Saturation temperature
98. This temperature of air is used to evaluate the humidity in the air. It is obtained with a wet thermometer bulb to record the evaporation rate
with an air stream passing over the bulb to help in evaporation. What is this temperature?
a) Dew point temperature b) Dry-bulb temperature c) Wet-bulb temperature d) Saturation temperature

99. This is a unit of power that takes into consideration the time of consumption. It is the equivalent of 1 W bulb burning for 1 hour. How do
you call this unit of power?
a) Btu/hr b) Hp-hr c) Watt-hour d) Ft-lb/min
100. It is a large refrigerated products space used for storage of refrigerated products.
a) Cold storage b) Walk-in Cooler c) Refrigerator d) Cooler
101. This is an air conditioner installed in a window that rejects the heat outside the structure. How do you call this air conditioner?
a) Split-type air conditioner b) Window-type air conditioner
c) Chiller-type air conditioner d) Low cost type air conditioner
102. This refrigerant is non-toxic, non-corrosive, and nonflammable. It is used as a replacement for R-12 and compatible with polyester oil. It
is now as being used as a standard refrigerant in vehicle air conditioning. What is this refrigerant?
a) R-402 b) R-134a c) R-717 d) R-507

103. This pressure control valve is inserted at the suction side of the evaporator and sometimes used to protect the compressor from over
loading due to excess amount of heat absorbed by the evaporator coils. What is this control valve?
a) Expansion valve b) Relief valve c) Evaporator valve d) Thermostatic expansion valve
104. What do you call a heat transfer mode between a solid surface and a moving fluid?
a) Conduction b) Convection c) Radiation d) Evaporation
105. It is generally understood to be the boiler heating surface subject to direct radiation from the surface of the grate, or from the surfaces of
oil or gas burners.
a) Boiler heating surface b) Direct heating surface c) Indirect heating surface d) Heating surface
106. The boiler heating surface within the flues is called as:
a) Boiler heating surface b) Direct heating surface c) Indirect heating surface d) Heating surface

107. It is the term referring to any glazed aperture in a building envelope; the components of which include the following: glazing material,
either glass or plastic; framing, mullions, muntins, and dividers; external shading devices; and integral-shading systems (between glass).
What is this?
a) Infiltration b) Radiation c) Fenestration d) Transmission
108. It is an envelope area with significantly higher rate of heat transfer than the contiguous enclosure. How do you call this?
a) Thermal Bridge b) Thermal Radiation c) Thermal Surface d) Thermal area

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109. This is a mode of heat transfer by electromagnetic waves, an entirely different phenomenon from conduction and convection; it can occur
in a perfect vacuum and is usually impeded by an intervening medium. What is this mode of heat transfer?
a) Thermal Radiation b) Thermal transmission c) Thermal Conductivity d) Thermal Convection
110. It is a form of thermal convection when the motion of the fluid is due entirely to buoyancy forces, usually confined to a layer near the
heated or cooled surface. How do you call this thermal convection mode of heat transfer?
a) Free Convection b) Force Convection c) Transient Convection d) Normal Convection

111. This is a form of thermal convection when the bulk of the fluid is moving relative to the heat transfer surface because such motion is
usually caused by a blower, fan, or pump that is forcing the flow. What is this thermal heat transfer?
a) Free Convection b) Force Convection c) Transient Convection d) Thermal Convection
112. This is the transport of energy by mixing in addition to conduction; it is associated with fluids in motion, generally through a pipe or duct
or along a surface. How do you call this mode of heat transfer?
a) Free Convection b) Force Convection c) Transient Convection d) Thermal Convection
113. It is defined as a mechanism of heat transfer between parts of a continuum because of transfer of energy between particles or groups of
particles at the atomic level. It is the mode of heat transmission through the building structure, say wall, due the temperature difference
between surfaces?
a) Thermal Conduction b) Thermal Convection c) Thermal Radiation d) Thermal Transmission
114. It is an environmental heat stress index that combines the dry-bulb temperature, a naturally ventilated wet bulb temperature, and the globe
temperature. What is this?
a) Wet-bulb globe temperature b) Wind chill index c) Effective temperature d) Sol-air temperature

115. This is an environmental heat stress index that combines the dry-bulb temperature, a naturally ventilated wet bulb temperature, and the
globe temperature. What is this index?
a) Wet-bulb globe temperature b) Wind chill index c) Effective temperature d) Sol-air temperature
116. It is defined as the temperature of the outdoor air which, in the presence of all radiation exchange, would give the same rate of heat entry
into the surface as would exist with the actual combination of incident solar radiation, radiant energy exchange with the sky and other
surroundings, and convective heat exchange with outdoor air.
a) Wet-bulb globe temperature b) Wind chill index c) Effective temperature d) Sol-air temperature
117. It is the uncontrolled inward flow of outdoor air through cracks and openings in the building envelope due to the pressure difference
across the envelope. How do call this?
a) Infiltration b) Transmission c) Radiation d) Fenestration
118. It is an empirical index of warmth that takes into account the combined effect of temperature, humidity, and air movement in a
conditioned space. How do you call this empirical index?
a) Wet-bulb globe temperature b) Wind chill index c) Effective temperature d) Sol-air temperature

119. It is defined as the temperature of a uniform environment at 0 % relative humidity in which a person losses the same total amount of heat
from the skin as in the actual environment. What is this temperature?
a) Adiabatic equivalent temperature b) Wind chill index c) Effective temperature d) Sol-air temperature
120. It is the ratio of the total evaporative heat loss required for thermal equilibrium to the maximum evaporative heat loss possible for the
environment, multiplied by 100, for steady-state conditions, and with the skin temperature constant at 95 oF.
a) Heat stress index b) Wind chill index c) Sol-air temperature d) Humid operative temperature
121. The temperature of a uniform environment at 100 % relative humidity in which a person or occupant losses the same total amount of heat
from the skin as in the actual environment is said to be called as:
a) Effective temperature b) Wind chill index c) Sol-air temperature d) Humid operative temperature
122. This type of condenser is used to reject heat from a refrigeration system into water. What is this condenser?
a) Water-Cooled Condenser b) Air-cooled condenser c) Flooded type condenser d) Fins type condenser
123. “When one of the factors of production is fixed in quantity or is difficult to increase, increasing the other factors of production will
result in a less than proportionate increase in output.”
a) Law of Diminishing Return b) Law of Supply c) Law of Demand d) Law of Supply and Demand

124. A device causing turbulent motion in a fluid confined in a tank.

a) Stirrer b) Agitator c) Fan d) Spinner
125. The transfer of heat manifested in an increase in temperature of the air is called as:
a) Sensible heat transfer b) Latent heat transfer c) Conductive heat transfer d) Convective heat transfer

126. A heat transfer associated with mass transfer that is manifested in an increase in the concentration of water in the air-water vapor mixture.
The process of mass and energy transfer is accomplished by introducing water vapor or by spraying fine droplets of water that evaporate
into the circulating air stream.
a) Sensible heat transfer b) Latent heat transfer c) Conductive heat transfer d) Convective heat transfer
127. The transfer of energy from a space, or air supplied to a space, due to the difference in temperature between the source and the space or air
is called:
a) Cooling b) Heating d) Humidifying d) Dehumidifying

128. What do you call a type of refrigerant control, which maintains pressure reference between high side and low side pressure in a
refrigerating mechanism?
a) Suction valve b) Expansion valve c) Service valve d) Solenoid valve

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129. Which of the following is true for white ice?
a) A fast-cooled water b) A sub-cooled water
c) Due to dissolved air, gases and impurities d) Formed by blowing air during freezing
130. Which of the following is true for a clear ice?
a) Pure ice b) Contains dissolved gases c) Contains dissolved air d) Formed by blowing air during freezing

131. The process of conditioning air when outside air temperature and humidity are above those to be maintained in the conditioned space.
a) Comfort air conditioning b) Summer air conditioning c) Industrial air conditioning d) Vehicle Air Conditioning
132. The process whereby a material extracts one or more substances present in an atmosphere or mixture of gases or liquids; accompanied by
physical change, chemical change, or both, of the material.
a) Absorptivity b) Absorption c) Evaporation d) Dehumidifying

133. A storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant; also known as surge drum, or surge header. Also, a pressure vessel whose volume is
used in a refrigerant circuit to reduce pulsation.
a) Receiver b) Accumulator c) Absorber d) Oil separator
134. The equivalent of one ton of refrigeration.
a) 288 000 Btu/day b) 33 500 Btu/hr c) 200 Btu/sec d) 200 kJ/s

135. Refrigerants that cause ozone-layer depletion

a) HCFC b) HFC c) CFC d) Inorganic refrigerants
136. Vapor produced by vaporization of a small amount of liquid refrigerant, downstream of the expansion valve.
a. Flash gas b. flow gas c. light gas d. refrigerant vapor gas

137. The largest heat load in a cold storage room.

a. Heat from infiltration b. Product heat load c. Heat from equipment d. Heat from occupants
138. Which of the following is a halocarbon refrigerant?
a. Ammonia b. Methyl chloride c. R-502 d. Methane

139. A refrigeration system in which only part of the refrigerant passes over the heat transfer surface is evaporated and the balance is separated
from the vapor and recirculated.
a. Chill water system b. Multiple system c. Flooded system d. Direct expansion system

140. In a refrigeration system, the heat absorbed in the evaporator per kg mass of refrigerant passing through is:
a. Equals to increase in volume b. equals to the increase in enthalpy
c. Decreased if pre-cooler is used d. does not depend on the refrigerant used

141. If salt is added to pure water, the resulting mixture will have a:
a. Higher freezing point b. Lower temperature c. Lower boiling point d. Higher boiling point

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