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Lecture2-Multiple Access and Multiplexing Techniques

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17 views18 pages

Lecture2-Multiple Access and Multiplexing Techniques

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mahmoudelgendy606
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HIGHER TECHNNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

TENTH OF RAMADAN CITY


ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Communication (4)
(EEC 251)

Prepared by :
Dr. Eng. Eslam Samy EL-Mokadem
Communication (4)
(EEC 251)

Lecture (2)
Basic Concepts of Mobile Communication
Systems
(Multiple Access and Multiplexing
Techniques)
Multiple Access Techniques

▪ Definition
Multiple Access Techniques are used to allow multiple users to
share the allocated radio spectrum at the same time in a more
efficient way to achieve high capacity
OR
Allow multiple users to Access the Network at the same time in a
more efficient way to achieve high capacity
Types of Multiple Access Techniques

Orthogonal
Frequency Time Code Frequency
Division Division Division Division
Multiple Multiple Multiple Multiple
Access Access Access Access
(FDMA) (TDMA) (CDMA) (OFDMA)
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

❑The spectrum band is divided into a group of frequencies


(carriers) .Each frequency (carrier) can carry only one user(call)
at one time.
❑Simultaneously and continuously transmitting
❑Idle time causes wasting of resources
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

❑ Example: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)


➢ American system
➢ an analog system
➢ Applied in First Generation of Mobile communication systems
➢ Uses FDMA technique
➢ Uses FDD
➢ Bandwidth of each frequency (carrier) is 30 kHz
Duplex Distance
40MHz
BW
BW
30 MHz Guard Band 30 MHz
10 MHz

824 MHz 854 MHz 864 MHz 894 MHz


Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

❑The spectrum band is divided into a group of


frequencies and each frequency is divided into
(N-time slots).
❑Each time slot (carrier) can carry only one
user(call) at a certain time.
❑ Example:
Global System for Mobile(GSM)
➢ European system
➢ Digital system
➢ Applied in Second Generation of Mobile
communication systems
➢ Uses a combination of FDMA and TDMA techniques
➢ Bandwidth of each frequency (carrier) is 200 kHz
➢ Each frequency is divided in to 8 time slots in 200KHz
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

❑Narrowband signals is Modulated by a very large bandwidth signal


called the spreading signal.
❑ The spreading signal is multiplied by a pseudo noise code sequence
❑ All users use the same carrier frequency and transmit simultaneously
❑Each user has its own pseudo random code word which is orthogonal
to other codewords
❑ Example:
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
• 3rd Generation (3G) mobile cellular system
Multiplexing Techniques

▪ Definition
Multiplexing Technique : It is the process in which multiple signals
coming from multiple sources are combined and transmitted over a
single communication/physical line.
Types of Multiplexing Techniques

Frequency Code Orthogonal


Time Frequency
Division Division Division
Multiplexing Multiplexing Division
Multiplexing Multiplexing
(FDM) (TDM) (CDM) (OFDM)
Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM)
❑FDM : is the process of transmitting several signals at the same
time, but each signal is transmitted with a different frequency.

❑ The frequency spectrum is divided into several channels, in


which each signal occupies a particular bandwidth.

❑ There is a suitable frequency gap between any two adjacent


signals to avoid interference.

Example : It is used in radio, TV Broadcasting and fixed line


telephone.
Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM)
❑ Block diagram of FDM system
Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM)
❑TDM : is the process of transmitting several signals at the same
frequency, but each signal is transmitted with a different times.
Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM)

Example 1 : Synchronous Optical Network (SONT)


❑ American Standard (𝑻𝟏)
❑ Consist of 24 Channel(time slot) / Frame
❑ Time slot = 8 bits
❑ Frame Duration = 125𝝁𝒔𝒆𝒄
❑ The fist bit is a framing bit used for synchronization
❑ Bit rate = 1.544 Mb/sec
Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM)

Example 2 : Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH )


❑ European Standard (𝑬𝟏)
❑ Consist of 32 channel(time slot) / Frame
❑ Time slot = 8 bits
❑ Frame Duration = 125𝝁𝒔𝒆𝒄
❑ Bit rate = 2.048 Mb/sec
Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM)
Time Division Multiplexing
(TDM)
Thank You

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