AREA 2.

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING, IRRIGATION AND

DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS
𝑥 𝑦
1. Solve for the volume of the sphere: 9 + 4 = 1
2. Two Questions about Standard deviation kailangan mo muna alamin kung sample ba siya
o population yung hinahanap nakakalito kasi.
3. distance of the equation 3x+4y=36 , from the origin
4. Estimate the run off volume from a 20 hadrainage basin of rainfall depth for 6 hrs
reached 60 mm and duration of runoff is about 3 hrs. Use typical runoff coefficient of
0.35. 1,080 cms
5. Moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed. Field Capacity
6. What class of concrete mix should be used in open channel construction? Class A
7. Nutrient Defficiency of plant when the leaves becomes dark.
8. An open box have 100 cm2 area, determine the dimension of the box in order to
maximize volume.
9. Open Channel Calculations (3 questions)
10. Ranking geological formation according to decreasing economic consideration.Aquifer-
Aquiclude-Aquitard-Aquifuge
11. Calculate the bulk volume given moisture content dry and wet weight of soil and
porosity.
12. 3 questions on determining the present moisture given the available moisture Field
Capacity and permanent wilting point.
13. Determine the dimension of the most efficient rectangular channel given discharge of 20
cms and 4m/s.
1. In constructing SFR, the soil profile in the reservoir site must be analyzed at what depth?
a. 1.5 m
b. 3.0 m
c. 2.0 m
d. 1.0 m

2. The soil type largely influences the width of bed to be used. The furrows drain to
collection ditches.
a. Bedding system
b. Random Ditch System
c. Interception or Cross-slope system
d. Parallel ditch System

3. Computation About MOISTURE CONTENT (3 questions dito)

USE FORMULA:
MC= FC- %AM used (%FC-%PWP) or
MC=%PWP+ %AM retained ( %FC-%PWP)

4. Computation on Depth And Width Of Rectangular Channel Given The Discharge And
Velocity.

5. The other term for gravity well.

a. Confined well
b. deep well
c. Water table well
d. well on perched acquifer

6. Term for solar radiation received at the earth’s surface.

a. Insolation
b. Radiation
c. Illuminance
d. reflection

7. Lifting of air mass which leads to precipitation (hindi ganito as in yung question pero
parang ganyan yung ibig nyang sabihin hahhaha gulo ko no)
a. frontal
b. convective
c. cyclonic
d. orographic

8. A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m, from the well to farm,
drop in elevation is 0.50 m over canal length and roughness coefficient, n=0.018. What is
 the velocity of water of a rectangular canal with a depth of flowing water of 0.25 m, if the
hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow?
a.0.062 m/s c. 6.2m/s
b.0.62 m/s d. 62 m/s
Given:
d=0.25m
n=0.018
0.50𝑚
S= 250𝑚 =
R=A=bd=b*0.25m
Solution
𝐴
R=𝑃
𝑏𝑑
R=𝑏+2𝑑
𝑏(0.25𝑚)
(b)0.25m=
𝑏+(2)(0,25𝑚)

b= 0.5m
1
V=𝑛 R2/3S1/2
1 0.5∗0,25 0.50
V=0.018 (0.5+2(0.25))2/3( 250 )1/2=0.62m/s

9. The operating pressure of the sprinkler heads used in a sprinkler system is 12.52 kg/cm 2
What is the allowable pressure variation between the first and last sprinkler of a lateral
a. 53.5 psi
b. 35.6 psi
c. 30.5 psi
d. 55.3 psi
Solution:
Since ang variation ng first and last sprinkler is 20%, multiply lang natin siya
sa given na Pressure then yung makukuha mo na sagot after nun convert
mo nalang into psi

10. Geologic formation arranged in decreasing economic considerations.

a. Aquifer, Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifuge
b. Aquifer, Aquitard, Aquiclude, Aquifuge
c. Aquifer, Aquifuge, Aquiclude, Aquitard
d. Aquifuge, Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifer
e. Aquifer, Aquitard, Aquifuge, Aquiclude
11. Computation on Reynolds Number.

12. Computation using the formula R=0.0028CIA

13. Fertilzer Computation (1 problem)

14. Read the definition of Crop Water Requirement, Diversion Water Requirement,Farm
Water Requirement, Irrigation Water Requirement (2-3 questions ata lumbas dito)

15. Computation on hydraulic conductivity

16. Run-off is produced when this property of the soil is exceeded.
a. Percolation rate
b. Infiltration rate
c. Erodibility
d. Permeability

17. The amount of drainage water to be removed per unit time per unit area is the
a. Drainage requirement
b. Drainage coefficient
c. Drain spacing
d. Drainage volume

18. For a 10m x 10m sprinkler spacing, what is the design sprinkler throw for a 50% overlap?
a. 15 m
b. 7.5 m
c. 8.0 m
d. 5.0 m

Solution:
Throw= r(1+%overlap)
= 5m(1+50%)
=7.5m

19. It is the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the weight of the water with volume equal to
the soil bulk volume.
a. Particle density
b. Bulk density
c. Real specific gravity
d. Apparent specific gravity
20. The discharge times the total head over the efficiency of the pump.
a. Brake horsepower
b. Water horsepower
c. Pump capacity

21. Determine the maximum total head at which a 5-hp centrifugal pump can extract water at
a rate of 25 lps if pump efficiency is 65%.
a. 25.32 ft
b. 32.48 ft
c. 33.39 ft
d. 35.12 ft
Solution:
𝛾𝑄𝑇𝐷𝐻
BHP = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

Bhp= hp
𝛾 = 62.4𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡3
TDH= total dynamic head (ft)
25𝐿𝑖 62𝑙𝑏 1 𝑐𝑢.𝑚 3,28𝑓𝑡
( )( )( )( )˄3(𝑇𝐷𝐻)
𝑠 𝑓𝑡3 1000𝑙𝑖 1𝑚
5HP= 550𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏
∗65%
𝑠𝑒𝑐−ℎ𝑝

TDH= 32.48 ft

𝑄∗𝑇𝐷𝐻
Another formula to use is HP= 3960∗𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

Note: Q=gpm
TDH= ft

22. What is the discharge in each sprinkler nozzle to irrigate a rectangular piece of land 150m
x 180m if the laterals are set parallel to the longer side of the field. Sprinkler spacing is
6m x 6m, irrigation water requirement is 150 mm and irrigation period is 6 hours.
a. 0.250 lps
b. 0.375 lps
c. 0.500 lps
d. 0.125 lps
Solution:
 q= SL*Sm*r
Where: SL=sprinkler spacing along the lateral, m
Sm=sprinkler spacing along the main, m
r= application rate, m/hr
q=discharge of each sprinkler, cu.m/hr
0.15𝑚 1000𝑙𝑖 1ℎ𝑟
Q=(6m)(6m)( 6ℎ𝑟𝑠 ) (1 𝑐𝑢.𝑚) (3600𝑠𝑒𝑐)=0.250 lps

23. 1250 cu.m of water was delivered to a 10 ha farm for the month of June in which the
consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The effective rainfall for the period was 150
mm. What is the irrigation frequency?
a. 32%
b. 87%
c. 72%
d. 52%
Solution:
 Note: dito sa problem ang given na area kasi is 10 ha which is pag yun ang ginamit
Mong area ang mapapalabas mong sagot is 720% which is ang layo , so I assume Na typo
sila ginawa kong 1ha lang para mapalabas ang 72% yan kasi talaga Sagot. 

24. It is the ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water
a. Particle density
b. Bulk density
c. Real specific density
d. Apparent specific gravity

25. A horizontal fully flowing 4 in pipe is discharging water. The x and y-coordinate of the
water trajectory is measured from the end of the pipe are 1.5 m and 0.8 m, respectively.
Assuming that the coefficient of discharge is 1.0, what is the discharge of the pipe?
a. 10 lps
b. 20 lps
c. 30 lps
d. 40 lps
Solution:

Note: Since 1 lang din yung coefficient of discharge niya di ko na minultiply. So

Pag hindi 1 multiply niyo nalang siya 
26. Determine the crest length of a structure for a chute spillway for a design flow of 1.4 cms
and a maximum water level at the inlet is 0.5 m, the coefficient of discharge is 1.66.
a. 0.54 m
b. 2.38 m
c. 4.38 m
d. 3.28 m

27. The theoretical flow velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is the height of water flowing the
center of the orifice?
a. 20.4 cm
b. 81.6 cm
c. 361.2cm
d. 90.3 cm
Solution:

V=√2𝑔ℎ

4m/s=√2(9.81𝑚/𝑠2)(ℎ)

h=81.6cm
28. The equation used in current meters is V= a+bN. What does a signifies?
a. Starting velocity
b. Bed slope
c. Proportionality constant ------it signifies b
d. Number of revolution

29. Removal of soil by water from small but well defined channels when there is
concentration of over land flow.
a. Stream channel erosion
b. Rill erosion
c. Gully erosion
d. Sheet erosion

30. A simplification of Darcy equation for energy loss, applicable solely to the laminar flow
is
a. Darcy equation
b. Manning equation
c. Bernoullis equation
d. Hagen – Poiseuille equation

31. The shear stress of the fluid times the slope of the velocity vectors is a constant called
 a. Dynamic viscosity
b. Unit weight
c. Relative density
d. Compressive stress

32. When the land is divided into strips by small bunds to irrigate similar crops and soils,
sloping uniformly away from the farm channel, the irrigation method is
a. border
b. furrow
c. sprinkler
d. basin
33. The simplest and most widely used of all surface irrigation method, adapted to suit many
crops and farming practices are.
a. border
b. basin
c. furrow
d. sprinkler
34. The features of topographic map which shows the low area between two adjacent hills
a. Mound
b. Valley
c. River
d. Depression
35. The process of determining the difference in elevation between two points
a. Profile leveling
b.Topographic leveling
c. Contouring
d. Differential leveling

36. A watershed management strategy which makes used of reforestation and infrastructures
for the conservation
a. Rehabilitation
b. Vegetation
c. Manipulation
d. Protection

37. One among the ff. is not a major consideration for the SWIM Project selection.
a. Economically depressed and deprived regions
b. A multi project whenever possible
c. Areas with recurrent flooding
d. High population densities and heavy settlements
38. Conversion of vapor to ice
a. Sublimation
b. Evaporation
c. Interception
d. Condensation

39. A notch of regular form through which the irrigation stream is made to flow and built as
either portable or stationary structure.
a. Weir
b. Dam
c. parshall flume
d. orifice

40. It is the water retained about individual soil particles by molecular action and can
removed only by heating.
a. Permanent wilting point
b. Hydroscopic water
c. Hygroscopic water
d. All of the above

41. A discharge of 20 L/sec is equivalent to.

a. 2 cu.m/hr
b. 0.02 L/min
c. 20000 cu.m/hr
d. 72 cu.m/hr

Solution:
20𝑙𝑖 1𝑚3 3600𝑠𝑒𝑐
( )( )( )=72cu.m/hr
𝑠𝑒𝑐 1000𝑙𝑖 1ℎ𝑟

42. Conversion of given lps/ha into mm/day

Note: 1lps/ha=8.64mm/day

43. What is The Pressure Given The Velocity.

Use formula:
V=√2𝑔ℎ
Since nakuha mo na yung height eto naman gagamitin mo na formula to get the
pressure
 P=𝜌𝑔ℎ
𝜌 = 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 1000𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
g= 9.81m/s2
44. It is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume of the soil.
a. Void volume
b. Porosity
c. Bulk density
d. void density

45. It is used if the entire area is to be drained and is usually more economic.
a. Gridiron
b. Double main
c. Herringbone
d. Intercepting drain

46. The only design of small farm reservoir that is suited to flat areas, where water is stored
below the ground level and pumping is required to draw out water.
a. Dugout pond
b. Shallow well
c. Straight embankment
d. Reservoir

47. What Is the Probability to Produce Either Queen Or Heart

48. What is the distance of the Line 3x+4y=5 from the Origin
a. 2
b. 1
c. 5
d. 3
49. The moisture content of the soil when the gravitational water has been removed.
a. Available water
b. Permanent wilting point
c. Field Capacity
d. Readily Available moisture

50. COMPUTATION ON STANDARD DEVIATION

51. COMPUTATION ON VARIANCE

52. Review The use of Tensiometer, Piezometer (nakalimutan ko na yung ibang device)

53. Deficiency of green leaves is caused by Lack of

 a. sulfur
b. potassium
c. phosphorus
d. nitrogen

54. Review the definition of backsight, foresight, benchmark and turning point (may
dalawang question na lumabas dito)

55. The maximum elevation the water surface which can be attained by the dam or reservoir
without flow in the spillway.
a. Normal storage elevation
b. Spillway
c. Seepage line
d. Storage capacity

56. The volume of water stored in reservoir between the minimum water level and normal
water level.
a. Active storage
b. Normal storage
c. Dead storage
d. Storage capacity

57. If the soil loss for a given set of conditions is 4.5 Mg/ha for a 60-m length of slope with L
factor of 1.50; what soil loss could be expected for a 240-m slope length, with L factor of
2.61, if the slope factor for 5 percent slope is 0.57?
a. 5.3 Mg/ha c. 8.2 Mg/ha
b. 7.8 Mg/ha d. 9.3Mg/ha

A = RKLSCP
A = average annual soil loss in Mg/ha,
R = rainfall erosivity index value
K = soil erodibility factor
LS = slope length and steepness factor
C = cover management factor
P = conservation practice factor
Solution:
For 60-m slope-length:
 𝐴 = 4.5 𝑀𝑔/ℎ𝑎
𝐿𝑆 = (1.50)( 0.57)= 0.855
4.5
𝑅𝐾𝐶𝑃 = 0.855 = 5.263

For 240-m slope-length:

𝐿𝑆 = (2.61) (0.57) = 1.4877
𝐴 = 𝑅𝐾𝐶𝑃 𝐿𝑆 = 5.263 × 1.4877 = 7.83Mg/ha
1. Computation: Mathematics
2. Comoutation: Statistics- Calc tech lang to
3. Surveying (Definitions)
4. Computation: Q=CIA
5. Comoutation: Open Channel
6. Computation: Manning's Equation Basic formula= Q=VA
7. One thousand two hundred and fifty cubic meter of water was deliverd to a 10 ha farm
for the month of july in which consumptive use is estimated at 8mm/day. The effective
rainfall for the perios was 150 mm. What is the irrigation efficiency( Parang ganito yung
tanong Hahahahaha)( twice to naulit)
8. Computation of fertizer
9. Definition Of hygrometer
10. Read: Types of drainage systems layout
11. Diaphragm type
12. Darcys Law( nakalimutan ko tanong dito)
13. The equation ised in current meter is V=a + bn, what does a signifies parang ganyan ata
Hihi
14. Aquifer-Aquiclede-Aquitard-Aquifuge
15. Definition of cyclonic precipitation
16. Definition of real and apparent spicific gravity
17. Redlad the difinition of Conveyance efficiency, water use and application effieciency
18. Read the different water control structures commonly use in gravity irrigation systems
19. Comoutation of FC volume basis MOisture content, given AM and PWP( thrice to naulit)
 𝑥 𝑦
1. Solve the volume of a sphere 9 + 4 = 1 about to revolve at x=3.
2. 2 questions about standard deviation.
3. Distance of equation 3x+4y=36 from origin.
4. Nutrient deficiency of plant with dark leaves.
Phosphorus, potassium, Sulphur, nitrogen
5. Determine the runoff volume of a 20 ha reservoir with a rainfall of 100mm for 6 hours
and a run off of 3 hrs. Assume runoff coefficient of 0.35.
6. An open box have a 36 cm2 area of product placed inside, determine the dimension of the
box in order to maximize its volume.
 Maxima-minima
7. Open channel calculations. (3 questions)
8. Ranking Geologic Formation for conveying water
 Aquifer-aquiclude-aquitard-aquifuge
9. Bulk volume calculation, given moisture content, weight of soil and porosity.
10. 3 questions about moisture content of soil given % FC, %PWP and available moisture
used/retained.
11. Determine the dimension of a rectangular channel with 20m 3/s and a velocity of 4m/s.
𝜌𝑉𝐿
12. Nusset number calculation ( 𝜇
) = N1
13. Sedimentary rock derived from clay
14. Ryve’s Equation
15. Discharge from pipe given x,y coordinate and area
16. Gas to solid
 Sublimation
17. Probability of drawing a queen and a heart
18. Find the fifth term of (a-7e)21
19. Compute the volume from a spillway
20. Most abundant organism found in soil
 Bacteria
21. 1° in equator means
 2 mins, 60 secs, 10 mins, 60 mins.
22. Sedimentary rock derived from clay
23. Definition of erosivity
24. Calculation of USLE, manipulation of formula  = RKLSCP
25. A horizontal fully flowing 4-inch pipe is discharging water. The x-coordinate and y-
coordinate of the water trajectory as measured from the end of the pipe are 1.5m and
0.8m respectively. Assuming the coefficient of discharge is 1.0. What is the discharge of
the pipe?
 30lps
26. Review the types of precipitation
 Orographic, convective, cyclonic, frontal.
27. Ratio of dry weight of the soil to an equal the volume of water.
28. Ratio of dry weight of the soil to the volume of water.
29. Drain system to cover the whole land area.
30. One hundred thousand and two hundred fifty cubic meter of water was delivered to a 10
ha farm for the month of june/july in which the consumptive use is estimated 8mm/day.
The effective rainfall for the period was 150 mm. what is the irrigation efficiency? (2
questions)
 72% (wrong solution)
31. Sprinkler design calculation
32. A 10 x 10 m sprinkler spacing with 50% overlap, what is the effective throw?  7.5 m
𝜋𝑘 (𝑟12 −𝑟22)
33. Drain spacing calculation 𝑞 = 2𝐿
34. I = a+bh, what is the meaning of “a”
 Constant, primary infiltration
35. Given a reservoir area and a rainfall depth, determine the rainfall over the watershed to
increase the depth of water in the reservoir by 4 meters.