University of Santo Tomas

Faculty of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
1st Term, AY 2023 – 2024

CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 6
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATIONS

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. To identify and to be familiar with the Common-Emitter (CE), Common-Collector (CC)

and Common-Base (CB) amplifier.
2. To demonstrate the basic DC operation of a simple CE, CC and CB amplifier.
3. To demonstrate the basic AC operation and behavior of a CE, CC and CB amplifier.
4. To measure the voltage gain and current gain of a CE, CC and CB amplifier.
5. To measure the approximate input and output resistance of a CE, CC and CB amplifier.

II. Grading Criteria:

Refer to the Group Report Rubrics for the grading criteria.

III. Discussion:

PART A – COMMON EMITTER

Common emitter (CE) configuration provides amplification to both current and voltage.
Thus, the power amplification is much higher than other configurations. It is the most widely
used BJT configuration. The emitter terminal is the reference terminal to both input (base) and
output (collector) terminals (see Fig. 6-1). A common emitter amplifier's input resistance is
typically in medium-range, and the output resistance commonly in the medium to high range.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Fig 6-1. Common Emitter Configuration

PART B – COMMON COLLECTOR

Common collector (CC) configuration is known as emitter follower or source follower

because of its ability to amplify current without amplifying the voltage. The collector terminal is
common (ground) to both input (base) and output (emitter) terminals (shown in Fig. 6-4). It
typically has high input resistance and low output resistance. The voltage gain of a common
collector amplifier is always less than one or unity.

Fig. 6-4: Common Collector Configuration

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PART C – COMMON BASE

Common base (CB) – it is also known as voltage amplifier because it provides

amplification of voltage without amplifying the current. Common base refers to the fact that the
base terminal is common to both input (emitter) and output (collector) terminal, shown in Fig
6-7. Common base has typically low input resistance and high output resistance. It provides
voltage amplification without inverting the input signal. Thus, the phase difference between the
input and output waveform is ideally zero.

Fig. 6-7: Common Base Configuration

Materials:

DC Power Supply
Function generator
Resistors(Ω): 51k, 6.8k, 8.2k, 1k(2), 3.3k, 18k, 3.9k, 6.2k
Capacitors(F): 10u(2), 47u, 22u(2)
Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope Probe
Multimeter
Transistors: 2N2222, 2N3904

IV. Procedure:

PART A – COMMON EMITTER

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-2. Set the DC voltage (Vcc) to 22V using the
power supply and use 2N2222 transistor.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
2. Measure the base, collector, emitter, base-emitter and collector-emitter voltages
designated as VB, VC, VE, VBE and VCE respectively using multimeter. Record the results
in Table 6-1.
3. Measure the currents IB, IC and IE using multimeter and compute for the current gain β.
Record the results in Table 6-1.

Figure 6-2: Common Emitter Circuit

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 6-3: Common Emitter Amplifier

4. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-3. Set Vs to 100mVp-p sine wave with a
frequency of 1KHz using the function generator.
5. Measure the peak-to-peak input voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-2.
NOTE: Take the cursor measurement starting at the 3rd cycle.
Vin = ___________Vp-p
6. Measure the peak-to-peak output voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-2.
Vout = ___________Vp-p
7. Compute the voltage gain using the equation Av = Vout/Vin. Record the result in Table
6-2.
8. What is the phase difference between the input and output voltages? Place your answer
in Table 6-2.

The next steps involve measuring the input and output resistance of the amplifier.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Note:
The input voltage is 𝑉𝑖𝑛. The output voltage is 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡.

The input current 𝐼𝑖𝑛 is equal to the current in resistor R3, 𝐼𝑅3.

The output current 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 is equal to the current in the resistor Rc, 𝐼𝑅𝐶.

9. Measure the current in resistor R3 using multimeter, 𝐼𝑅3. 𝐼𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑅3.

Iin = ___________A (rms)

10. Measure the input voltage Vin using multimeter. 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝐵.

Vin = ___________V (rms)

11. Compute for the input resistance of the common emitter amplifier, Rin = Vin / Iin.
Rin = ___________ ohms
12. Connect a load resistor 𝑅𝐿 (from Vout to ground). 𝑅𝐿 = 1k.

13. Measure the output voltage, Vout using multimeter.

Vout = ___________Vp-p
14. Change the value of the resistor such that the output voltage Vp-p is one-half the value
measured in procedure (8).

Note: you can do this via trial and error.

This resistance value is the approximate output resistance of the amplifier.

Rout = ___________ ohms

Note: The input and output resistance measured here is based on a specific input frequency.
Another approach is to perform an AC Analysis to determine the values of the input and
output resistance at different input frequencies.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PART B – COMMON COLLECTOR

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-5. Set the DC voltage (Vcc) to 10V using the
power supply and use 2N23904 transistor.
2. Measure the base, collector, emitter, base-emitter and collector-emitter voltages, VB, VC,
VE, VBE and VCE respectively using multimeter. Record the results in Table 6-4.
3. Measure the currents IB, IC and IE using multimeter and compute for the current gain, γ.
Record the results in Table 6-4.

Figure 6-5: Common Collector Circuit

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 6-6: Common Collector Amplifier

4. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-6. Set Vs to 10mVp-p sine wave with a
frequency of 1KHz using the function generator.
5. Measure the peak-to-peak input voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-5
NOTE: Take the cursor measurement starting at the 3rd cycle.
Vin = ___________Vp-p
6. Measure the peak-to-peak output voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-5.
Vout = ___________Vp-p
7. Compute the voltage gain using the equation Av = Vout/Vin. Record the result in Table
6-5.
8. What is the phase difference between the input and output voltages? Place your answer
in Table 6-5.

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 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
The next steps involve measuring the input and output resistance of the amplifier.
Note:
The input voltage is 𝑉𝑖𝑛. The output voltage is 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡.

The input current 𝐼𝑖𝑛 is equal to the current in capacitor C1, 𝐼𝐶1.

The output current 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 is equal to the current in the resistor Re, 𝐼𝑅𝐸.

9. Measure the current in capacitor C1 using multimeter, 𝐼𝐶1. 𝐼𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝐶1.

Iin = ___________A (rms)

10. Measure the input voltage Vin. 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝐵.

Vin = ___________V (rms)

11. Compute for the input resistance of the common collector amplifier, Rin = Vin / Iin.
Rin = ___________ ohms
12. Connect a load resistor 𝑅𝐿 (from Vout to ground). 𝑅𝐿 = 1k.

13. Measure the output voltage, Vout using multimeter

Vout = ___________Vp-p
14. Change the value of the resistor such that the output voltage Vp-p is one-half the value
measured in procedure (8).

Note: you can do this via trial and error.

This resistance value is the approximate output resistance of the amplifier.

Rout = ___________ ohms

Note: The input and output resistance measured here is based on a specific input frequency.
Another approach is to perform an AC Analysis to determine the values of the input and
output resistance at different input frequencies.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

PART C – COMMON BASE

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-8. Set the DC voltage (Vcc) to 22V using the
power supply and use 2N2222 transistor.
2. Measure the base, collector, emitter, base-emitter and collector-emitter voltages, VB, VC,
VE, VBE and VCE respectively using multimeter. Record the results in Table 6-7.
3. Measure the currents IB, IC and IE using multimeter and compute for the current gain, α.
Record the results in Table 6-7.

Figure 6-8: Common Base Circuit

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 6-9: Common Base Amplifier

4. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 6-9. Set Vs to 10mVp-p sine wave with a
frequency of 1KHz using frequency generator.
5. Measure the peak-to-peak input voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-8.
NOTE: Take the cursor measurement starting at the 3rd cycle.
Vin = ___________Vp-p
6. Measure the peak-to-peak output voltage using the oscilloscope and take an image of the
result. Record the result in Table 6-8.
Vout = ___________Vp-p
7. Compute the voltage gain using the equation Av = Vout/Vin. Record the result in Table
6-8.
8. What is the phase difference between the input and output voltages? Place your answer
in Table 6-8.

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 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering
The next steps involve measuring the input and output resistance of the amplifier.
Note:
The input voltage is 𝑉𝑖𝑛. The output voltage is 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡.

The input current 𝐼𝑖𝑛 is equal to the current in resistor R1, 𝐼𝑅1.

The output current 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 is equal to the current in the resistor R3, 𝐼𝑅3.

9. Measure the current in capacitor C1 using multimeter, 𝐼𝐶1. 𝐼𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝐶1.

Iin = ___________A (rms)

10. Measure the input voltage Vin using multimeter. 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝐸.

Vin = ___________V (rms)

11. Compute for the input resistance of the common emitter amplifier, Rin = Vin / Iin.
Rin = ___________ ohms
12. Connect a load resistor 𝑅𝐿 (from Vout to ground). 𝑅𝐿 = 1k.

13. Measure the output voltage, Vout using multimeter.

Vout = ___________Vp-p
14. Change the value of the resistor such that the output voltage Vp-p is one-half the value
measured in procedure (8).

Note: you can do this via trial and error.

This resistance value is the approximate output resistance of the amplifier.

Rout = ___________ ohms

Note: The input and output resistance measured here is based on a specific input frequency.
Another approach is to perform an AC Analysis to determine the values of the input and
output resistance at different input frequencies.

Reference Material:
[1] R. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, Electronics Devices and Circuit Theory 11th Edition, Pearson Education, 2013

Page 12 of 12 || Experiment No. 6

 University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
1st Term, AY 2023 – 2024

CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 7
JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR: OPERATION AND ITS
CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. To introduce students to Junction Field Effect Transistors using a circuit simulator.
2. To understand the difference and similarities of JFET and BJT.
3. To graph the characteristic curve of JFET to determine its important parameters using a
circuit simulator.

II. Grading System

Refer to the Group Report Rubrics for the grading criteria.

III. Pre – Lab Discussion

The Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET), which is one type of Field Effect Transistor, is a
three terminal device used for a variety of applications that match those of Bipolar Junction
Transistors. However, JFETs, unlike BJTs are voltage controlled and unipolar devices. The
output current and output voltage of JFETs are determined by an input voltage rather than an
input current. Unipolar devices are electronic devices whose current is due mainly to free
electrons or holes, but not both.

JFET has two types, the n-channel and the p-channel. Both of which has three terminals. The
terminals are the following: DRAIN, SOURCE and GATE.

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 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Fig. 7-1: FET Schematic Symbol

JFET has two distinct modes of operation: the variable-resistance mode, and the pinch-off mode.
● In the variable-resistance mode, a JFET behaves like a resistor whose value is controlled
by VGS.
● In the pinch-off mode, the channel has been heavily constricted with most of the drain-
source voltage drop occurring along the narrow and therefore high-resistance part of the
channel near the depletion regions.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Fig. 7-2: Basic Construction of JFET

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Depletion Region D

P P
VDS = 0V

ID

VGS = 0V
S

Fig. 7-3: Unbiased N-channel JFET

Referring to Fig. 7-3, the DC supply sources VGS and VDS are variable; so first, let us assume that
the value of VGS and VDS is zero. At this point the JFET is in unbiased condition.

When the value of VDS is increased gradually while leaving VGS = 0, electrons will start to flow
from the Source going to the Drain, and conventional current will be from Drain to Source. The
drain current is called ID. Under proper biasing conditions, the drain current and source current
are equal while the gate current is practically zero. While the value of V DS is increasing, the
width of the depletion region is also increasing. When the value of V DS is further increased while
leaving VGS = 0, the amount of ID also increases until it reaches the Drain to Source saturation
current (IDSS).

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

At this point, let us discuss IDSS and VP. All JFETs have a constant value for both parameters
which could be found from the specification sheet of the device. IDSS is called Drain to Source
saturation current (when VGS = 0 volt). The drain current becomes equal to IDSS when the two
depletion regions touch each other. Vp, which is also called pinch off voltage (when V GS = 0), is
equal to the drain to source voltage at which the two depletion regions initially touch each other
while VDS is increasing. The drain current practically remains equal to IDSS when VDS becomes
equal or higher than Vp. The magnitude of Vp is equal to the magnitude of the minimum gate to
source voltage (VGSoff) required to make the drain current equal to zero.

Example: the specific JFET in figures 7-3 and 7-4 has I DSS = 8 milliamperes and Vp=6 volts

ID=IDSS=8mA

P P

VDS = 6V

VGS = 0V

Fig. 7-4: N-channel JFET at Pinch-off condition and I D=IDSS

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 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Going back, when the value of VDS reaches the pinch off voltage when VGS = 0, the Drain current
ID becomes equal to IDSS. As shown in Fig. 7-4, the two depletion regions touch each other under
this condition. This condition is what we call Pinch-off condition.

Let us analyze if VGS is not zero. If VGS is set to negative 1 volt, the voltage needed for VDS to
achieve pinch-off will now decrease from |Vp| to |Vp |-|VGS|, which is 5 volts in our example.
This is because there are now two voltages which are making the PN junctions reverse biased.
Since pinch-off condition is reached earlier if VGS = -1 V than when VGS = 0 V, the saturation
drain current when VGS = -1 volt is lower than IDSS, which is the saturation drain saturation when
VGS= 0 volt.

The following are important parameters of JFET’s characteristic curve

● Drain current ID is zero, when VDS and VGS are equal to zero.
● Drain current ID is zero, when magnitude of VGS is equal to that of VP (VGSoff).
● Drain current ID is equal to IDSS when VDS is equal to or greater than the absolute value of
the pinch-off voltage (Vp) and VGS is equal to zero.

COMPONENTS:
Junction Field Effect Transistor: 2N3819, 2N5484
Resistors: 1KΩ, 100KΩ

REQUIREMENTS:
1. LTspice asc and error log file
2. Accomplished report form

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

IV. Procedure:
1. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 7-5 using 2N3819 transistor.

Fig. 7-5

2. Place label net “VDS” on the drain terminal of J1.

3. Using DC analysis, increase the DC supply voltage, Vdd, by 1 V range until it reaches the
maximum voltage of 20 V, starting from 0V.
4. Set your x-axis plot as the drain-to-source voltage V(VDS) and measure the drain current,
Id(J1).
5. Paste a picture of the graph and put your comments on Table 7.1.
6. Determine the value of IDSS and Vp using the cursor function, and put the values on Table
7.1.
7. Modify your circuit by adding a DC input voltage source V gg to be varied, as shown in
Figure 7-6.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 7-6
8. Sweep the value of Vdd from 0 to 20 V, then Vgg from 0 to 5 V using nested DC sweep
analysis. Increment Vdd and Vgg by 1 V and 0.5 V, respectively.
9. Set your x-axis plot as the drain-to-source voltage V(VDS) and measure the drain current,
Id(J1). You should see your n-channel JFET characteristic curve series.
10. Paste a picture of the characteristic curve and put your comments on Table 7.2
11. To determine the cut-off voltage (magnitude of Vgs,off = magnitude of Vp) of your
transistor,
a. decrease the step size of your DC voltage source V gg; then,
b. adjust the y-axis plot range until you see the region when Id = 0 A (cut-off region).
c. you can also maximize the plot panes to better see V GSoff.
12. Paste a picture of the curves used to determine VGSoff and put your comments on Table
7.3. Put the value of VGSoff on Table 7.3.
13. Repeat all steps using a 2N5484 n-channel JFET, but this time use Table 7.4, Table 7.5
and Table 7.6.

V. Group Discussion And Analysis:

1. Explain the proper biasing of a P-channel JFET. Illustrate your answer.

2. How can you measure the value of Vp or VGSoff and IDSS experimentally?

Page 8 of 8 || Experiment No. 7

 University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
1st Term, AY 2023 – 2024

CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 8
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. To introduce the operational amplifier and its characteristics
2. To build an inverting and a non-inverting amplifier using an operational amplifier
3. To understand the effects of external resistors in limiting the operational amplifier’s gain

II. Grading System

Refer to the Group Report Rubrics for the grading criteria.

III. Pre – Lab Discussion

An operational amplifier is a type of a differential amplifier. A differential amplifier (Fig 8-1) is
a circuit that amplifies the voltage difference between its input terminals while attenuating
common signals (Vo = A(V1-V2)).

Figure 8-1
Operational amplifiers are popular in analog circuits and in control and instrumentation
applications.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Major advantages:

An ideal op-amp would have infinite voltage gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output
impedance. Typically, the input of an op amp is a differential amplifier, and it contains a number
of amplifier stages to achieve a very high voltage gain. Op amps have two inputs: Non-inverting
input (with + sign) and inverting input (with – sign). Only the voltage difference between the two
inputs are practically amplified by the op amp, and signals common to both inputs are only
slightly amplified. Op amps could have one output or two outputs and typically use a positive
and a negative power supply.

Single-Ended Input – one input is connected to ground

Figure 8-2

Double-Ended Input – both input pins have input signal

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 8-3

Single-Ended output – one output pin is used

Figure 8-4

Double-ended output – two output pins are used. The two outputs are of opposite polarity

Figure 8-5
The output voltage of an op amp due to the voltage difference in the inputs and common voltage
in the inputs can be expressed as:

Operational Amplifier as an Inverting Amplifier

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 8-6

Operational Amplifier as a Non-Inverting Amplifier

Figure 8-7

COMPONENTS:
Operational Amplifier: LM741/NS
Resistors: 10KΩ, 18KΩ

REQUIREMENTS:
1. LTspice asc and error log file
2. Accomplished report form

Page 4 of 6 || Experiment No. 8

 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

IV. Procedure:
1. Add LM741 operational amplifier in LTspice by following the steps below:
a. Visit https://www.ti.com/product/LM741. Go to Design & development tab and
download the LM741 PSpice Model. (Note: It is a PSpice model but it will still
work in LTspice.)
b. Unzip the file and place LM741.MOD file in the desired folder and copy the file
path.
c. Use the SPICE directive .include /<File_path>/LM741.MOD.
d. Search opamp2in the component list.
e. Modify the value of the component from opamp2 to LM741/NS. Then, click OK.
2. Construct the circuit below in LTSpice

Figure 8-8
3. Run the Run the simulation by using transient analysis from 0 s to 1 s with a step of 100
ms.
4. Plot the graph for each Vin and Vout using the same plot plane.
5. Compute for the actual gain using the formula Vout/Vin and the theoretical gain using the
formula for inverting amplifier.
6. Redo steps 3-5 using the values for R2 found in table 8.1 in the Data and Results sheet.
7. Construct the circuit below in LTSpice

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 8-9
8. Run the simulation by using transient analysis from 0 s to 1 s with a step of 100 ms.
9. Plot the graph for each Vin and Vout using the same plot plane.Asdasd
10. Compute for the actual gain using the formula Vout/Vin and the theoretical gain using the
formula for non-inverting amplifier.
11. Redo steps 8-10 using the values for R2 found in table 8.2 in the Data and Results sheet.

V. Group Discussion And Analysis:

1. Explain how a Non-Inverting Amplifier works

2. Explain how an Inverting Amplifier works

Page 6 of 6 || Experiment No. 8

 University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
1st Term, AY 2023 – 2024

CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 9
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS: ADDER AND COMPARATOR

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. To understand the operation of an op-amp adder
2. To understand the operation of a basic op-amp comparator

II. Grading System

Refer to the Group Report Rubrics for the grading criteria.

III. Pre – Lab Discussion

COMPONENTS:
Operational Amplifier: LM741/NS
DC Power Supply
Function generators (3x)
Resistors(Ω): 1k(4), 5k, and 4.7k
Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope Probes (2x)
Multimeter

Page 1 of 4 || Experiment No. 9

 UST Electronics Engineering Department
CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Summing Amplifier/Adder
Used to combine/add the voltages present on two or more inputs into a single output voltage

Comparator
Operational amplifiers can be used to determine whether the input voltages is
greater than or less than the other input’s voltage (reference voltage). It can be used as a
voltage level detector or sine-to-square wave converter.

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

IV. Procedure:
Adder
1. Construct the circuit below.

Figure 9.1

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

2. Using the power supply, set the DC voltages, Vcc, to 5V and Vee -5V.
3. Using the oscilloscope, measure the peak voltage of the inputs V3, V4, and V5. Record
the results on your group report.
4. Take a screenshot of the graph of each input voltage and Vout. Record the results on your
group report.
5. Answer the Data and Results sheet questions to complete the needed information.

Comparator

1. Construct the circuit below.

Figure 9.2
2. Using the power supply, set the DC voltages, Vcc, to 5V and Vee -5V.
3. Measure the positive output voltage of the comparator using the oscilloscope. Record the
results on your group report.
4. Measure the negative output voltage of the comparator using the oscilloscope. Record the
results on your group report.
5. Take a screenshot of the Vout, Vin, and V (Vref) graph. Record the results on your group
report.
6. Answer the Data and Results sheet questions to complete the needed information.

V. Group Discussion And Analysis:

1. Discuss the operation of a summing amplifier based on what you have learned from the
experiment.
2. Discuss the operation of an op-amp comparator based on what you have learned from the
experiment.

Page 4 of 4 || Experiment No. 9

 University of Santo Tomas
Faculty of Engineering
Electronics Engineering Department
1st Term, AY 2023 – 2024

CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory

EXPERIMENT 10
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS: DIFFERENTIATOR AND
INTEGRATOR

I. Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. To observe how an op-amp may be used as a differentiator or integrator

II. Grading System

Refer to the Group Report Rubrics for the grading criteria.

III. Pre – Lab Discussion

COMPONENTS:
Operational Amplifier: LM741/NS
DC Power Supply
Function generator
Resistors(Ω): 10k, 100k, 100, and, 500
Capacitors(F): 4.7n, 0.1µ
Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope Probes (2x)
Multimeter

Page 1 of 4 || Experiment No. 10

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Differentiator
● The output is proportional to the rate of change of the input.
● Capacitor is in series with the input and a resistor is used as the feedback element.

Integrator
● The circuit performs mathematical integration of signals
● Capacitor is parallel to the shunt resistor

Page 2 of 4 || Experiment No. 10

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Input and Output Signals using Differentiator and Integrator

IV. Procedure:
Differentiator/Integrator
1. Construct the circuit below.

Page 3 of 4 || Experiment No. 10

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CHE2111L: Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Figure 10.1

2. Set the DC voltages, Vcc, to 15V and Vee -15V, using the power supply.
3. Take a screenshot of the graph of Vin, V, and Vout. Record the results on your group
report.
4. Answer the Data and Results sheet questions to complete the needed information.

V. Group Discussion And Analysis:

1. What does Network A perform?

2. What does Network B perform?

Page 4 of 4 || Experiment No. 10