CSE Syllabus 3rd Semester
CSE Syllabus 3rd Semester
2023
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Annexure-II 1
Teaching-Learning Process
Pedagogy (General Instructions):
Teachers can use the following strategies to accelerate the attainment of the various course
outcomes.
1. In addition to the traditional lecture method, different types of innovative teaching methods
may be adopted so that the delivered lessons shall develop students’ theoretical and applied
Mathematical skills.
2. State the need for Mathematics with Engineering Studies and Provide real-life examples.
3. Support and guide the students for self–study.
4. You will assign homework, grading assignments and quizzes, and documenting students'
progress.
5. Encourage the students to group learning to improve their creative and analytical skills.
6. Show short related video lectures in the following ways:
• As an introduction to new topics (pre-lecture activity).
• As a revision of topics (post-lecture activity).
• As additional examples (post-lecture activity).
• As an additional material of challenging topics (pre-and post-lecture activity).
• As a model solution of some exercises (post-lecture activity).
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Annexure-II 2
Joint probability distribution: Joint Probability distribution for two discrete random
variables, expectation, covariance and correlation.
Markov Chain: Introduction to Stochastic Process, Probability Vectors, Stochastic matrices,
Regular stochastic matrices, Markov chains, Higher transition probabilities, Stationary
distribution of Regular Markov chains and absorbing states. (12
Hours)
(RBT Levels: L1, L2 and L3)
Pedagogy Chalk and Board, Problem-based learning
Module-3: Statistical Inference 1
Introduction, sampling distribution, standard error, testing of hypothesis, levels of significance,
test of significances, confidence limits, simple sampling of attributes, test of significance for
large samples, comparison of large samples. (12
Hours)
(RBT Levels: L1, L2 and L3)
Pedagogy Chalk and Board, Problem-based learning
Module-4: Statistical Inference 2
Sampling variables, central limit theorem and confidences limit for unknown mean. Test of
Significance for means of two small samples, students ‘t’ distribution, Chi-square distribution
as a test of goodness of fit. F-Distribution. (12
Hours)
(RBT Levels: L1, L2 and L3)
Pedagogy Chalk and Board, Problem-based learning
Module-5: Design of Experiments & ANOVA
Principles of experimentation in design, Analysis of completely randomized design,
randomized block design. The ANOVA Technique, Basic Principle of ANOVA, One-way
ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, Latin-square Design, and Analysis of Co-Variance.
(12 Hours)
(RBT Levels: L1, L2 and L3)
Pedagogy Chalk and Board, Problem-based learning
Course outcome (Course Skill Set)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Explain the basic concepts of probability, random variables, probability distribution
2. Apply suitable probability distribution models for the given scenario.
3. Apply the notion of a discrete-time Markov chain and n-step transition probabilities to
solve the given problem
4. Use statistical methodology and tools in the engineering problem-solving process.
5. Compute the confidence intervals for the mean of the population.
6. Apply the ANOVA test related to engineering problems.
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE)
The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam (SEE)
is 50%. The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20 marks out of
50) and for the SEE minimum passing mark is 35% of the maximum marks (18 out of 50 marks).
A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the credits
allotted to each subject/ course if the student secures a minimum of 40% (40 marks out of 100) in
the sum total of the CIE (Continuous Internal Evaluation) and SEE (Semester End Examination)
taken together.
Continuous Internal Evaluation:
● For the Assignment component of the CIE, there are 25 marks and for the Internal Assessment
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Annexure-II 3
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Annexure-II 4
Ed., 1968.
13. N.P. Bali and Manish Goyal, A Textbook of Engineering Mathematics, Laxmi
Publications, Reprint, 2010.
14. Veerarajan T, Engineering Mathematics (for semester III), Tata McGraw-Hill, New
Delhi, 2010
http://nptel.ac.in/courses.php?disciplineID=111
http://www.class-central.com/subject/math(MOOCs)
http://academicearth.org/
http://www.bookstreet.in.
VTU EDUSAT PROGRAMME – 20
VTU e-Shikshana Program
● Programming Assignment
● Seminars
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
MODULE-1 8 Hr
Introduction to Digital Design: Binary Logic, Basic Theorems And Properties Of Boolean Algebra,
Boolean Functions, Digital Logic Gates, Introduction, The Map Method, Four-Variable Map, Don’t-Care
Conditions, NAND and NOR Implementation, Other Hardware Description Language – Verilog Model of a
simple circuit.
Text book 1: 1.9, 2.4, 2.5, 2.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.9
MODULE-2 8 Hr
Combinational Logic: Introduction, Combinational Circuits, Design Procedure, Binary Adder- Subtractor,
Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers. HDL Models of Combinational Circuits – Adder, Multiplexer, Encoder.
Sequential Logic: Introduction, Sequential Circuits, Storage Elements: Latches, Flip-Flops.
Text book 1: 4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.5, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.
MODULE-3 8 Hr
Basic Structure of Computers: Functional Units, Basic Operational Concepts, Bus structure, Performance –
Processor Clock, Basic Performance Equation, Clock Rate, Performance Measurement.Machine
Instructions and Programs: Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instruction and
Instruction sequencing, Addressing Modes.
Text book 2: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
MODULE-4 8 Hr
Input/output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts – Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and Disabling
Interrupts, Handling Multiple Devices, Direct Memory Access: Bus Arbitration, Speed, size and Cost of
memory systems. Cache Memories – Mapping Functions.
MODULE-5 8 Hr
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts: Register Transfers, Performing ALU operations,
fetching a word from Memory, Storing a word in memory. Execution of a Complete Instruction. Pipelining:
Basic concepts, Role of Cache memory, Pipeline Performance.
Sl.N Experiments
O Simulation packages preferred: Multisim, Modelsim, PSpice or any other relevant
1 Given a 4-variable logic expression, simplify it using appropriate technique and simulate the same
using basic gates.
2 Design a 4 bit full adder and subtractor and simulate the same using basic gates.
3 Design Verilog HDL to implement simple circuits using structural, Data flow and Behavioural model.
4 Design Verilog HDL to implement Binary Adder-Subtractor – Half and Full Adder, Half and Full
Subtractor.
6 Design Verilog program to implement Different types of multiplexer like 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1.
8 Design Verilog program for implementing various types of Flip-Flops such as SR, JK and D.
CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
● IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25
marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two
Tests, each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
assessment methods mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the
syllabus and the second test after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the
theory component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
● 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks
for the test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
● On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated
including viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
● The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous
evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of
all experiments’ write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
● The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be
conducted for 50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
● Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the
IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question
papers for the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored by the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will
have a CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from
the practical component.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Books
1. M. Morris Mano & Michael D. Ciletti, Digital Design With an Introduction to Verilog Design, 5e,
Pearson Education.
2. Carl Hamacher, ZvonkoVranesic, SafwatZaky, Computer Organization, 5th Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill.
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
Assign the group task to Design the various types of counters and display the output accordingly
Assessment Methods
● Lab Assessment (25 Marks)
● GATE Based Aptitude Test
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
Course objectives:
● To Demonstrate the need for OS and different types of OS
● To discuss suitable techniques for management of different resources
● To demonstrate different APIs/Commands related to processor,
memory, storage and file system management.
MODULE-1 8 Hours
Introduction to operating systems, System structures: What operating systems do; Computer System
organization; Computer System architecture; Operating System structure; Operating System operations;
Process management; Memory management; Storage management; Protection and Security; Distributed
system; Special-purpose systems; Computing environments.
Operating System Services: User - Operating System interface; System calls; Types of system calls;
System programs; Operating system design and implementation; Operating System structure; Virtual
machines; Operating System debugging, Operating System generation; System boot.
MODULE-2 8 Hours
Process Management: Process concept; Process scheduling; Operations on processes; Inter process
communication
Process Scheduling: Basic concepts; Scheduling Criteria; Scheduling Algorithms; Thread scheduling;
Multiple-processor scheduling,
MODULE-3 8 Hours
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
Deadlocks: System model; Deadlock characterization; Methods for handling deadlocks; Deadlock
prevention; Deadlock avoidance; Deadlock detection and recovery from deadlock.
MODULE-4 8 Hours
Secondary Storage Structure, Protection: Mass storage structures; Disk structure; Disk attachment; Disk
scheduling; Disk management; Protection: Goals of protection, Principles of protection, Domain of
protection, Access matrix.
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
Sl.N Experiments
O
1 Develop a c program to implement the Process system calls (fork (), exec(), wait(), create process,
terminate process)
2 Simulate the following CPU scheduling algorithms to find turnaround time and waiting time a) FCFS
b) SJF c) Round Robin d) Priority.
CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
● IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two Tests,
each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other assessment methods
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the syllabus and the second test
after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the theory
component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
● 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for the
test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
● On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including
viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
● The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous evaluation
of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all experiments’
write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
● The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted for
50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
● Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers for
the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a maximum
of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scoredby the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a
CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the practical
component.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Textbooks
1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, Operating System Principles 8th edition,
Wiley-India, 2015
Reference Books
1. Ann McHoes Ida M Fylnn, Understanding Operating System, Cengage Learning, 6th Edition
2. D.M Dhamdhere, Operating Systems: A Concept Based Approach 3rd Ed, McGraw- Hill, 2013.
3. P.C.P. Bhatt, An Introduction to Operating Systems: Concepts and Practice 4th Edition, PHI(EEE),
2014.
4. William Stallings Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles, 6th Edition, Pearson.
1. https://youtu.be/mXw9ruZaxzQ
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MKV-TEMPLATE for IPCC (26.04.2022) Annexure-III
2. https://youtu.be/vBURTt97EkA
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=783KAB-
tuE4&list=PLIemF3uozcAKTgsCIj82voMK3TMR0YE_f
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-
ITLMMeeXY&list=PL3pGy4HtqwD0n7bQfHjPnsWzkeRn6mkO
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Module-1 8Hours
INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES: Data Structures, Classifications (Primitive
& Non-Primitive), Data structure Operations
Review of pointers and dynamic Memory Allocation,
ARRAYS and STRUCTURES: Arrays, Dynamic Allocated Arrays, Structures and Unions,
Polynomials, Sparse Matrices, representation of Multidimensional Arrays, Strings
STACKS: Stacks, Stacks Using Dynamic Arrays, Evaluation and conversion of Expressions
Text Book: Chapter-1:1.2 Chapter-2: 2.1 to 2.7 Chapter-3: 3.1,3.2,3.6
Reference Book 1: 1.1 to 1.4
Module-2 8Hours
QUEUES: Queues, Circular Queues, Using Dynamic Arrays, Multiple Stacks and queues.
LINKED LISTS : Singly Linked, Lists and Chains, Representing Chains in C, Linked
Stacks and Queues, Polynomials
Text Book: Chapter-3: 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 Chapter-4: 4.1 to 4.4
Module-3 8Hours
LINKED LISTS : Additional List Operations, Sparse Matrices, Doubly Linked List.
TREES: Introduction, Binary Trees, Binary Tree Traversals, Threaded Binary Trees.
Text Book: Chapter-4: 4.5,4.7,4.8 Chapter-5: 5.1 to 5.3, 5.5
Module-4 8Hours
TREES(Cont..): Binary Search trees, Selection Trees, Forests, Representation of Disjoint
sets, Counting Binary Trees,
GRAPHS: The Graph Abstract Data Types, Elementary Graph Operations
Text Book: Chapter-5: 5.7 to 5.11 Chapter-6: 6.1, 6.2
Module-5 8Hours
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● For the Assignment component of the CIE, there are 25 marks and for the Internal Assessment
Test component, there are 25 marks.
● The first test will be administered after 40-50% of the syllabus has been covered, and the
second test will be administered after 85-90% of the syllabus has been covered
● Any two assignment methods mentioned in the 22OB2.4, if an assignment is project-based then
only one assignment for the course shall be planned. The teacher should not conduct two
assignments at the end of the semester if two assignments are planned.
● For the course, CIE marks will be based on a scaled-down sum of two tests and other methods
of assessment.
Internal Assessment Test question paper is designed to attain the different levels of Bloom’s
taxonomy as per the outcome defined for the course.
Semester-End Examination:
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers
for the course (duration 03 hours).
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored shall be proportionally reduced to 50 marks.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Textbook:
1. Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni and Susan Anderson-Freed, Fundamentals of Data Structures
in C, 2nd Ed, Universities Press, 2014
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Reference Books:
1. Seymour Lipschutz, Data Structures Schaum's Outlines, Revised 1st Ed, McGraw Hill,
2014.
2. Gilberg & Forouzan, Data Structures: A Pseudo-code approach with C, 2nd Ed, Cengage
Learning,2014.
3. Reema Thareja, Data Structures using C, 3rd Ed, Oxford press, 2012.
4. Jean-Paul Tremblay & Paul G. Sorenson, An Introduction to Data Structures with
Applications, 2nd Ed, McGraw Hill, 2013
5. A M Tenenbaum, Data Structures using C, PHI, 1989
6. Robert Kruse, Data Structures and Program Design in C, 2nd Ed, PHI, 1996.
● http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/econtent/courses/video/CSE/06CS35.html
● https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/106105171/
● http://www.nptelvideos.in/2012/11/data-structures-and-algorithms.html
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xo6P_V-qns&t=201s
● https://ds2-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/exp/selection-sort/index.html
● https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/102/106102064/
● https://ds1-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/exp/stacks-queues/index.html
● https://ds1-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/exp/linked-list/basics/overview.html
● https://ds1-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/List%20of%20experiments.html
● https://ds1-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/exp/tree-traversal/index.html
● https://ds1-iiith.vlabs.ac.in/exp/tree-traversal/depth-first-traversal/dft-practice.html
● https://infyspringboard.onwingspan.com/web/en/app/toc/lex_auth_013501595428077568125
59/overview
Activity Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/ Practical Based learning
● Role Play
● Flipped classroom
● Assessment Methods for 25 Marks (opt two Learning Activities)
o Case Study
o Programming Assignment
o Gate Based Aptitude Test
o MOOC Assignment for selected Module
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6. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Circular QUEUE of
Characters (Array Implementation of Queue with maximum size MAX)
a. Insert an Element on to Circular QUEUE
b. Delete an Element from Circular QUEUE
c. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Circular QUEUE
d. Display the status of Circular QUEUE
e. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
7. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Singly Linked List
(SLL) of Student Data with the fields: USN, Name, Programme, Sem,
PhNo
a. Create a SLL of N Students Data by using front insertion.
b. Display the status of SLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion / Deletion at End of SLL
d. Perform Insertion / Deletion at Front of SLL(Demonstration of stack)
e. Exit
8. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Doubly Linked List
(DLL) of Employee Data with the fields: SSN, Name, Dept, Designation,
Sal, PhNo
a. Create a DLL of N Employees Data by using end insertion.
b. Display the status of DLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion and Deletion at End of DLL
d. Perform Insertion and Deletion at Front of DLL
e. Demonstrate how this DLL can be used as Double Ended Queue.
f. Exit
9. Develop a Program in C for the following operationson Singly Circular Linked List (SCLL)
with header nodes
a. Represent and Evaluate a Polynomial P(x,y,z) = 6x2y2z-4yz5+3x3yz+2xy5z-2xyz3
b. Find the sum of two polynomials POLY1(x,y,z) and POLY2(x,y,z) and store the
result in POLYSUM(x,y,z)
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
10. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Binary Search Tree
(BST) of Integers .
a. Create a BST of N Integers: 6, 9, 5, 2, 8, 15, 24, 14, 7, 8, 5, 2
b. Traverse the BST in Inorder, Preorder and Post Order
c. Search the BST for a given element (KEY) and report the appropriate message
d. Exit
11. Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Graph(G) of Cities
a. Create a Graph of N cities using Adjacency Matrix.
b. Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a digraph using DFS/BFS
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12. Given a File of N employee records with a set K of Keys (4-digit) which uniquely determine
the records in file F. Assume that file F is maintained in memory by a Hash Table (HT) of m
memory locations with L as the set of memory addresses (2-digit) of locations in HT. Let the
keys in K and addresses in L are Integers. Develop a Program in C that uses Hash function H:
K →L as H(K)=K mod m (remainder method), and implement hashing
technique to map a given key K to the address space L. Resolve the collision (if any) using
linear probing.
Laboratory Outcomes: The student should be able to:
Course objectives:
● To learn primitive constructs JAVA programming language.
● To understand Object Oriented Programming Features of JAVA.
Module-1
An Overview of Java: Object-Oriented Programming (Two Paradigms, Abstraction, The Three OOP
Principles), Using Blocks of Code, Lexical Issues (Whitespace, Identifiers, Literals, Comments,
Separators, The Java Keywords).
Data Types, Variables, and Arrays: The Primitive Types (Integers, Floating-Point Types, Characters,
Booleans), Variables, Type Conversion and Casting, Automatic Type Promotion in Expressions, Arrays,
Introducing Type Inference with Local Variables.
Operators: Arithmetic Operators, Relational Operators, Boolean Logical Operators, The Assignment
Operator, The ? Operator, Operator Precedence, Using Parentheses.
Control Statements: Java’s Selection Statements (if, The Traditional switch), Iteration Statements
(while, do-while, for, The For-Each Version of the for Loop, Local Variable Type Inference in a for Loop,
Nested Loops), Jump Statements (Using break, Using continue, return).
Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5
Module-2
Introducing Classes: Class Fundamentals, Declaring Objects, Assigning Object Reference Variables,
Introducing Methods, Constructors, The this Keyword, Garbage Collection.
Methods and Classes: Overloading Methods, Objects as Parameters, Argument Passing, Returning
Objects, Recursion, Access Control, Understanding static, Introducing final, Introducing Nested and
Inner Classes.
Chapter 6, 7
Module-3
Inheritance: Inheritance Basics, Using super, Creating a Multilevel Hierarchy, When Constructors Are
Executed, Method Overriding, Dynamic Method Dispatch, Using Abstract Classes, Using final with
Inheritance, Local Variable Type Inference and Inheritance, The Object Class.
Interfaces: Interfaces, Default Interface Methods, Use static Methods in an Interface, Private Interface
Methods.
Chapter 8, 9
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Annexure-II 2
Module-4
Packages: Packages, Packages and Member Access, Importing Packages.
Exceptions: Exception-Handling Fundamentals, Exception Types, Uncaught Exceptions, Using try and
catch, Multiple catch Clauses, Nested try Statements, throw, throws, finally, Java’s Built-in Exceptions,
Creating Your Own Exception Subclasses, Chained Exceptions .
Chapter 9, 10
Module-5
Multithreaded Programming: The Java Thread Model, The Main Thread, Creating a Thread, Creating
Multiple Threads, Using isAlive() and join(), Thread Priorities, Synchronization, Interthread
Communication, Suspending, Resuming, and Stopping Threads, Obtaining a Thread’s State.
Enumerations, Type Wrappers and Autoboxing: Enumerations (Enumeration Fundamentals, The
values() and valueOf() Methods), Type Wrappers (Character, Boolean, The Numeric Type Wrappers),
Autoboxing (Autoboxing and Methods, Autoboxing/Unboxing Occurs in Expressions,
Autoboxing/Unboxing Boolean and Character Values).
Chapter 11, 12
Course outcome (Course Skill Set)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Demonstrate proficiency in writing simple programs involving branching and looping structures.
2. Design a class involving data members and methods for the given scenario.
3. Apply the concepts of inheritance and interfaces in solving real world problems.
4. Use the concept of packages and exception handling in solving complex problem
5. Apply concepts of multithreading, autoboxing and enumerations in program development
1. Develop a JAVA program to add TWO matrices of suitable order N (The value of N should be read from
command line arguments).
2. Develop a stack class to hold a maximum of 10 integers with suitable methods. Develop a JAVA main
method to illustrate Stack operations.
3. A class called Employee, which models an employee with an ID, name and salary, is designed as shown in
the following class diagram. The method raiseSalary (percent) increases the salary by the given
percentage. Develop the Employee class and suitable main method for demonstration.
4. A class called MyPoint, which models a 2D point with x and y coordinates, is designed as follows:
● Two instance variables x (int) and y (int).
● A default (or "no-arg") constructor that construct a point at the default location of (0, 0).
● A overloaded constructor that constructs a point with the given x and y coordinates.
● A method setXY() to set both x and y.
● A method getXY() which returns the x and y in a 2-element int array.
● A toString() method that returns a string description of the instance in the format "(x, y)".
● A method called distance(int x, int y) that returns the distance from this point to another point at the
given (x, y) coordinates
● An overloaded distance(MyPoint another) that returns the distance from this point to the given
MyPoint instance (called another)
● Another overloaded distance() method that returns the distance from this point to the origin (0,0)
Develop the code for the class MyPoint. Also develop a JAVA program (called TestMyPoint) to test all the
methods defined in the class.
5. Develop a JAVA program to create a class named shape. Create three sub classes namely: circle, triangle
and square, each class has two member functions named draw () and erase (). Demonstrate
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Annexure-II 3
polymorphism concepts by developing suitable methods, defining member data and main program.
6. Develop a JAVA program to create an abstract class Shape with abstract methods calculateArea() and
calculatePerimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the Shape class and implement
the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of each shape.
7. Develop a JAVA program to create an interface Resizable with methods resizeWidth(int width) and
resizeHeight(int height) that allow an object to be resized. Create a class Rectangle that implements the
Resizable interface and implements the resize methods
8. Develop a JAVA program to create an outer class with a function display. Create another class inside the
outer class named inner with a function called display and call the two functions in the main class.
9. Develop a JAVA program to raise a custom exception (user defined exception) for DivisionByZero using
try, catch, throw and finally.
10. Develop a JAVA program to create a package named mypack and import & implement it in a suitable
class.
11. Write a program to illustrate creation of threads using runnable class. (start method start each of the
newly created thread. Inside the run method there is sleep() for suspend the thread for 500
milliseconds).
12. Develop a program to create a class MyThread in this class a constructor, call the base class constructor,
using super and start the thread. The run method of the class starts after this. It can be observed that
both main thread and created child thread are executed concurrently.
Deve
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Annexure-II 4
CIE for the theory component of the IPCC (maximum marks 50)
● IPCC means practical portion integrated with the theory of the course.
● CIE marks for the theory component are 25 marks and that for the practical component is 25 marks.
● 25 marks for the theory component are split into 15 marks for two Internal Assessment Tests (Two
Tests, each of 15 Marks with 01-hour duration, are to be conducted) and 10 marks for other assessment
methods mentioned in 22OB4.2. The first test at the end of 40-50% coverage of the syllabus and the
second test after covering 85-90% of the syllabus.
● Scaled-down marks of the sum of two tests and other assessment methods will be CIE marks for the
theory component of IPCC (that is for 25 marks).
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the theory component of IPCC.
CIE for the practical component of the IPCC
● 15 marks for the conduction of the experiment and preparation of laboratory record, and 10 marks for
the test to be conducted after the completion of all the laboratory sessions.
● On completion of every experiment/program in the laboratory, the students shall be evaluated including
viva-voce and marks shall be awarded on the same day.
● The CIE marks awarded in the case of the Practical component shall be based on the continuous
evaluation of the laboratory report. Each experiment report can be evaluated for 10 marks. Marks of all
experiments’ write-ups are added and scaled down to 15 marks.
● The laboratory test (duration 02/03 hours) after completion of all the experiments shall be conducted
for 50 marks and scaled down to 10 marks.
● Scaled-down marks of write-up evaluations and tests added will be CIE marks for the laboratory
component of IPCC for 25 marks.
● The student has to secure 40% of 25 marks to qualify in the CIE of the practical component of the IPCC.
SEE for IPCC
Theory SEE will be conducted by University as per the scheduled timetable, with common question papers
for the course (duration 03 hours)
1. The question paper will have ten questions. Each question is set for 20 marks.
2. There will be 2 questions from each module. Each of the two questions under a module (with a
maximum of 3 sub-questions), should have a mix of topics under that module.
3. The students have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
4. Marks scored by the student shall be proportionally scaled down to 50 Marks
The theory portion of the IPCC shall be for both CIE and SEE, whereas the practical portion will have a
CIE component only. Questions mentioned in the SEE paper may include questions from the practical
component.
Suggested Learning Resources:
Textbook
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Annexure-II 5
1. Java: The Complete Reference, Twelfth Edition, by Herbert Schildt, November 2021, McGraw-Hill, ISBN:
9781260463422
Reference Books
1. Programming with Java, 6th Edition, by E Balagurusamy, Mar-2019, McGraw Hill Education, ISBN:
9789353162337.
2. Thinking in Java, Fourth Edition, by Bruce Eckel, Prentice Hall, 2006
(https://sd.blackball.lv/library/thinking_in_java_4th_edition.pdf)
Assessment Method
● Programming Assignment / Course Project
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BSCK307 – Social Connect & Responsibility 2022 Scheme & syllabus 3rd sem
Part II :
Heritage walk and crafts corner:
Heritage tour, knowing the history and culture of the city, connecting to people around through their history, knowing the
city and its craftsman, photo blog and documentary on evolution and practice of various craft forms - – Objectives,Visit,
case study, report, outcomes.
Part III :
Organic farming and waste management:
Usefulness of organic farming, wet waste management in neighboring villages, and implementation in the campus –
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BSCK307 – Social Connect & Responsibility 2022 Scheme & syllabus 3rd sem
Part IV:
Water conservation:
Knowing the present practices in the surrounding villages and implementation in the campus, documentary or photoblog
presenting the current practices – Objectives, Visit, case study, report, outcomes.
Part V :
Food walk:
City’s culinary practices, food lore, and indigenous materials of the region used in cooking – Objectives, Visit, case study,
report, outcomes.
Duration :
A total of 40 - 50 hrs engagement per semester is required for the 3rd semester of the B.E.
/B.Tech. program. The students will be divided into groups. Each group will be handled by
faculty mentor. Faculty mentor will design the activities (particularly Jamming sessions open
mic ,and poetry) Faculty mentors has to design the evaluation system as per VTU guidelines of
scheme & syllabus.
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BSCK307 – Social Connect & Responsibility 2022 Scheme & syllabus 3rd sem
be evaluated on the basis of the following criteria and/or other relevant criteria pertaining to the
activity completed. Marks allotted for the diary are out of 50. Planning and scheduling the social
connect Information/Data collected during the social connect Analysis of the information/data
and report writing Considering all above points allotting the marks as mentioned below
Excellent : 80 to 100
Good : 60 to 79
Satisfactory : 40 to 59
Unsatisfactory and fail : <39
Special Note :
NO SEE – Semester End Exam – Completely Practical and activities based evaluation
Pedagogy – Guidelines :
It may differ depending on local resources available for the study as well as environment and
climatic differences, location and time of execution.
1. Plantation and May be Farmers land/ parks / Site selection Report should Evaluation as
adoption of a individual Villages / roadside/ /proper be submitted by per the rubrics
or team community area / consultation/Contin individual to the Of scheme and
tree: College campus etc….. uous monitoring/ concerned evaluation syllabus by
Information board authority Faculty
2. Heritage walk May be Temples / monumental Site selection Report should Evaluation as
and crafts individual places / Villages/ City /proper be submitted by per the rubrics
or team Areas / Grama consultation/Contin individual to the Of scheme and
corner:
panchayat/ public uous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by
associations/Governme Information board evaluation authority Faculty
nt Schemes officers/
campus etc…..
3. Organic farming May be Farmers land / parks / Group selection / Report should Evaluation as
and waste individual Villages visits proper consultation be submitted by per the rubrics
or team / roadside/ community / Continuous individual to the Of scheme and
management:
area / College campus monitoring / concerned syllabus by
etc….. Information board evaluation authority Faculty
4. Water May be Villages/ City Areas / site selection / Report should Evaluation as
conservation: individual Grama proper be submitted by per the rubrics
or team panchayat/ public consultation/Contin individual to the Of scheme and
& conservation
associations/Governme uous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by
techniques
nt Schemes officers / Information board evaluation authority Faculty
campus etc…..
5. Food walk: May be Villages/ City Areas / Group selection / Report should Evaluation as
Practices in individual Grama proper consultation be submitted by per the rubrics
or team panchayat/ public / Continuous individual to the Of scheme and
society associations/Governme monitoring / concerned syllabus by
nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation authority Faculty
campus etc…..
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BSCK307 – Social Connect & Responsibility 2022 Scheme & syllabus 3rd sem
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Template for Practical Course and if AEC is a practical Course Annexure-V
Sl.NO Experiments
1 Getting Started with Excel: Creation of spread sheets, Insertion of rows and columns, Drag
& Fill, use of Aggregate functions.
2
Working with Data : Importing data, Data Entry & Manipulation, Sorting & Filtering.
3
Working with Data: Data Validation, Pivot Tables & Pivot Charts.
4 Data Analysis Process: Conditional Formatting, What-If Analysis, Data Tables, Charts &
Graphs.
5
Cleaning Data with Text Functions: use of UPPER and LOWER, TRIM function, Concatenate.
6 Cleaning Data Containing Date and Time Values: use of DATEVALUE function, DATEADD and
DATEDIF, TIMEVALUE functions.
8 Working with Multiple Sheets: work with multiple sheets within a workbook is crucial for
organizing and managing data, perform complex calculations and create comprehensive
reports.
9 Create worksheet with following fields: Empno, Ename, Basic Pay(BP), Travelling
Allowance(TA), Dearness Allowance(DA), House Rent Allowance(HRA), Income Tax(IT),
Provident Fund(PF), Net Pay(NP). Use appropriate formulas to calculate the above scenario.
Analyse the data using appropriate chart and report the data.
10 Create worksheet on Inventory Management: Sheet should contain Product code, Product
name, Product type, MRP, Cost after % of discount, Date of purchase. Use appropriate
formulas to calculate the above scenario. Analyse the data using appropriate chart and report
the data.
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Template for Practical Course and if AEC is a practical Course Annexure-V
11 Create worksheet on Sales analysis of Merchandise Store: data consisting of Order ID,
Customer ID, Gender, age, date of order, month, online platform, Category of product, size,
quantity, amount, shipping city and other details. Use of formula to segregate different
categories and perform a comparative study using pivot tables and different sort of charts.
12 Generation of report & presentation using Autofilter ¯o.
● Berk & Carey - Data Analysis with Microsoft® Excel: Updated for Offi ce 2007®, Third
Edition, © 2010 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, ISBN-13: 978-0-495-39178-4
● Wayne L. Winston - Microsoft Excel 2019: Data Analysis And Business Modeling, PHI,
ISBN: 9789389347180
● Aryan Gupta - Data Analysis in Excel: The Best Guide.
(https://www.simplilearn.com/tutorials/excel-tutorial/data-analysis-excel)
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
Course objectives: National Service Scheme (NSS) will enable the students to:
1. Understand the community in general in which they work.
2. Identify the needs and problems of the community and involve them in problem –solving.
3. Develop among themselves a sense of social & civic responsibility & utilize their knowledge
in finding practical solutions to individual and community problems.
4. Develop competence required for group-living and sharing of responsibilities & gain skills
in mobilizing community participation to acquire leadership qualities and democratic attitudes.
5. Develop capacity to meet emergencies and natural disasters & practice national integration
and social harmony in general.
1
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
NOTE:
Student/s in individual or in a group Should select any one activity in the beginning of each semester till end of that
respective semester for successful completion as per the instructions of NSS officer with the consent of HOD of the
department.
At the end of every semester, activity report should be submitted for evaluation.
2
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
Pedagogy – Guidelines, it may differ depending on local resources available for the study
as well as environment and climatic differences, location and time of execution.
1. Organic farming, Indian May be Farmers Site selection /proper Report should Evaluation as
Agriculture (Past, individu land/Villages/ roadside consultation/Continu be submitted by per the rubrics
Present and Future) al or / community area/ ous monitoring/ individual to the Of scheme and
Connectivity for team College campus etc….. Information board concerned syllabus by NSS
marketing. evaluation officer
authority
2. Waste management– May be Villages/ City Areas / Site selection /proper Report should Evaluation as
Public, Private and Govt individu Grama consultation/Continu be submitted by per the rubrics
organization, 5 R’s. al or panchayat/ public ous monitoring/ individual to the Of scheme and
team associations/Governme Information board concerned syllabus by NSS
nt Schemes officers/ evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
3. Setting of the May be Women empowerment Group selection/pro Report should Evaluation as
information imparting individu groups/ Consulting per be submitted by per the rubrics
club for women al or NGOs & Govt Teams / consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
leading to contribution team College campus etc….. ous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by NSS
in social Information board evaluation officer
and economic issues. authority
4. Water conservation May be Villages/ City Areas / site selection / Report should Evaluation as
techniques – Role of individu Grama proper be submitted by per the rubrics
different stakeholders– al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
Implementation. team associations/Governme ous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by NSS
nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
5. Preparing an actionable May be Villages/ City Areas / Group selection/pro Report should Evaluation as
business proposal for individu Grama per be submitted by per the rubrics
enhancing the village al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
income and approach team associations/Governme ous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by NSS
for implementation. nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
3
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
6. Helping local schools to May be Local government / School Report should Evaluation as
achieve good results individu private/ aided selection/proper be submitted by per the rubrics
and enhance their al or schools/Government consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
enrolment in team Schemes officers/ ous monitoring/ concerned syllabus by NSS
Higher/ technical/ etc….. Information board evaluation officer
vocational education. authority
7. Developing Sustainable May be Villages/ City Areas / site selection/proper Report should Evaluation as
Water management individu Grama consultation/Continu be submitted by per the rubrics
system for rural areas al or panchayat/ public ous monitoring/ individual to the Of scheme and
and implementation team associations/Governme Information board concerned syllabus by NSS
approaches. nt Schemes officers/ evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
8. Contribution to any May be Villages/ City Areas / Group selection/pro Report should Evaluation as
national level initiative individu Grama per be submitted by per the rubrics
of Government of India. al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
For eg. Digital India, team associations/Governme ous monitoring / concerned syllabus by NSS
Skill India, Swachh nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
Bharat, campus etc….. authority
Atmanirbhar
Bharath, Make in
India, Mudra scheme,
Skill development
programs etc.
9. Spreading public May be Villages/ City Areas / Group selection/pro Report should Evaluation as
awareness under rural individu Grama per be submitted by per the rubrics
outreach al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
programs.(minimum5 team associations/Governme ous monitoring / concerned syllabus by NSS
programs). ///// Social nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
connect and campus etc….. authority
responsibilities.
10. Plantation and adoption May be Villages/ City Areas / Place Report should Evaluation as
of plants. Know your individu Grama selection/proper be submitted by per the rubrics
plants. al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
team associations/Governme ous monitoring / concerned syllabus by NSS
nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
4
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
11. Organize National May be Villages/ City Areas / Place Report should Evaluation as
integration and social individu Grama selection/proper be submitted by per the rubrics
harmony events al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
/workshops team associations/Governme ous monitoring / concerned syllabus by NSS
/seminars. (Minimum nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
02 programs). campus etc….. authority
12. Govt. school May be Villages/ City Areas / Place Report should Evaluation as
Rejuvenation and individu Grama selection/proper be submitted by per the rubrics
helping them to al or panchayat/ public consultation/Continu individual to the Of scheme and
achieve good team associations/Governme ous monitoring / concerned syllabus by NSS
infrastructure. nt Schemes officers/ Information board evaluation officer
campus etc….. authority
In every semester from 3rd semester to 6th semester, Each student should do activities according
to the scheme and syllabus.
At the end of every semester student performance has to be evaluated by the NSS officer for the
assigned activity progress and its completion.
At last in 6th semester consolidated report of all activities from 3rd to 6th semester, compiled
report should be submitted as per the instructions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
NSS scheme & syllabus for 2022 scheme from 3rd sem to 6th sem
Commencement of activity and its progress - 10 Marks NSS Officer, the HOD and principal.
Sector wise study and its consolidation 10 Marks sent to the university and also to be made
Video based seminar for 10 minutes by each 10 Marks available at LIC visit.
6
Proceeding of the Syllabus Committee meetings of physical
education and Sports held on 8th August, 2023 at RV College
of Engineering, Bangalore
Preamble: The development of body, mind and a soul are the essence of human
development. But, it is observed that it is not happening in equal proportion among Gen
– Z students, who are involved more on use of modern electronic gadgets rather than
focussing on physical exercise. This is leading early health issues among the youth.
Considering this, NEP -2020 is advocating the development of better youth with holistic
education leading to better living and contributing to the Nation. Any youth is an asset
to the Nation. While focusing on technical courses by students, some time to be spent of
physical growth and mental stability of students.
Keeping this in mind, Honourable Vice Chancellor and Registrar have formed syllabus
formulation committee under the chairmanship of Director of Physical Education, VTU
to propose scheme of syllabus for implementing in third and fourth semester BE
programs in affiliated / constituent colleges under the ambit of VTU, Belagavi.
The meeting started with welcoming the chairman and members of Syllabus
preparation committee by Prof. K N Subramanya, Principal, RV College of Engineering
and he highlighted the importance of sports and athletics and requested Chairman,
Syllabus preparation committee and members of the committee to discuss the topics
required and come out with a scheme in detail and consider stringent evaluation and
assessment system.
After one day discussion, the committee proposed the following scheme for III and IV
semester BE programmes for Physical Education (Sports and Athletics) – I and II
Semester: III
PHYSICAL EDUCATION (SPORTS & ATHLETICS) – I
Course Code : BPEK359 CIE : 100 Marks
Credits: L:T:P : 0:0:1
Total Hours : 30 P
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student will be able to
Semester III
Yoga, its origin, history and development. Yoga, its meaning, definitions.
Different schools of yoga, Aim and Objectives of yoga, importance of prayer
Yogic practices for common man to promote positive health
Rules to be followed during yogic practices by practitioner
Yoga its misconceptions,
Difference between yogic and non yogic practices
Suryanamaskar prayer and its meaning, Need, importance and benefits of Suryanamaskar12
count, 2 rounds
Asana, Need, importance of Asana. Different types of asana. Asana its meaning by name,
technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each asana
Different types of Asanas
a. Sitting 1. Padmasana
2. Vajrasana
b. Standing 1. Vrikshana
2. Trikonasana
c. Prone line 1. Bhujangasana
2. Shalabhasana
d. Supine line 1. Utthitadvipadasana
2. Ardhahalasana
Semester IV
Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga, its need and importance.
Yama :Ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha
Niyama :shoucha, santosh, tapa, svaadhyaya, Eshvarapranidhan
Asana, Need, importance of Asana. Different types of asana. Asana its meaning by name,
technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each asana
Different types of Asanas
a. Sitting 1. Sukhasana
2. Paschimottanasana
b. Standing 1. Ardhakati Chakrasana
2. Parshva Chakrasana
c. Prone line 1. Dhanurasana
d. Supine line 1. Halasana
2. Karna Peedasana
Meaning, importance and benefits of Kapalabhati.
40 strokes/min 3 rounds
Meaning, Need, importance of Pranayama. Different types. Meaning by name, technique,
precautionary measures and benefits of each Pranayama
Pranayama – 1. Suryanuloma –Viloma 2. Chandranuloma-Viloma 3. Suryabhedana
4. Chandra Bhedana 5. Nadishodhana
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TEMPLATE for Yoga
Semester V
Patanjali’sAshtanga Yoga its need and importance.
Ashtanga Yoga
1. Asana
2. Pranayama
3. Pratyahara
Asana its meaning by name, technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each asana
Different types of Asanas
a. Sitting 1. Ardha Ushtrasana
2. Vakrasana
3. Yogamudra in Padmasana
b. Standing 1. UrdhvaHastothanasana
2. Hastapadasana
3. ParivrittaTrikonasana
4. Utkatasana
c. Prone line 1. Padangushtha Dhanurasana
2. Poorna Bhujangasana /
Rajakapotasana
d. Supine line 1. Sarvangasana
2. Chakraasana
3. Navasana/Noukasana
4. Pavanamuktasana
Revision of practice 60 strokes/min 3 rounds
Meaning by name, technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each Pranayama
1. Ujjayi 2. Sheetali 3. Sheektari
Semester VI
Ashtanga Yoga 1. Dharana 2. Dhyana (Meditation) 3. Samadhi
Asana by name, technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each asana
Different types of Asanas
a. Sitting 1. Bakasana
2. Hanumanasana
3. Ekapada Rajakapotasana
4. Yogamudra in Vajrasana
b. Standing 1. Vatayanasana
2. Garudasana
c. Balancing 1. Veerabhadrasana
2. Sheershasana
d. Supine line 1. Sarvangasana
2. Setubandha Sarvangasana
3. Shavasanaa
(Relaxation poisture).
Revision of Kapalabhati practice 80 strokes/min - 3 rounds
Different types. Meaning by name, technique, precautionary measures and benefits of each
Pranayama 1. Bhastrika 2. Bhramari
Meaning, Need, importance of Shatkriya. Different types. Meaning by name, technique,
precautionary measures and benefits of each Kriya 1. Jalaneti & sutraneti 2. Nouli (only for
men) 3. Sheetkarma Kapalabhati
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TEMPLATE for Yoga
6. https://youtu.be/KB-TYlgd1wE
7. https://youtu.be/aa-TG0Wg1Ls
Dr. P V Kadagadakai
Yoga Teacher