‫بسم هللا الرحامن الرحمي‬

‫امحلد هلل رب العاملني‬

‫و الصالة و السالم عىل أرشف املرسلني‬

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 COURS AT S2-2020
Conférence N°2
Ce cours fait suite à la conférence N°1

De nouvelles connaissances sur les systèmes GNSS sont données

sous forme de PPT.

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 UNIVERSITY OF BORDJ BOU ARRERIDJ
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
LABORATORY OF ELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS « EAT»
« Signal Processing Team »

Global Navigation Satellite Systems

« GNSS »

Presented by : Dr. ATIA Salim

« Signal Processing » team member, EAT Laboratory

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 Plan de la présentation

 Introduction
 Global Navigation Satellite Systems
 GNSS Signals

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 I. Introduction

Nowadays, no one can doubt the strategic position taken by the Global Navigation Satellite systems (GNSS)
and the importance of the continuous development and preservation required by these systems; a large
part of the technological means, which ensure the survival of humanity, depend on it. In fact, these last
years have seen the modernization of old signals and systems as well as the implementation of new
systems such as the European Galileo system. This evolution was concretized through the implementation
of a new modulation technique called Binary Offset Carrier (BOC), which made it possible to ensure the
coexistence of the new GNSS systems with the old ones, and to improve, at the same time, considerably
their performances. Nevertheless, this new modulation has been limited by a certain number of
disadvantages such as the presence of secondary peaks in the FAC, the effect of Multi-Paths (MP) and
jammers, the complexity of the receivers, etc. A considerable number of techniques to deal with these
different problems have been proposed.

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

GNSS = Global Navigation Satellite System

Starting :
with the launch of the United States Department of Defense‘s
Global Positioning System (GPS) in the late 1970s.

 Existing satellite technologies:

• GPS (United States)
• GLONASS (Russia)
• Galileo (European Union)
• BeiDou (China)

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

 GNSS consist of three main components :

• Space segment Satellite Constellation

• Earth Segment Control & Data Production
• User segment Receiver

 Goal :
Position + Time + Velocity « Precise & real time »
• Of any object anywhere on earth
• At any time
• Under any weather conditions

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »
 GNSS Services
• SPS (Standard positionning Service) : code C/A, freely accessible - consumer applications – GPS
• CS (Commercial Service) : Restricted Commercial Applications - GPS/Galileo
• PPS (Precise Positionning Service) : code P(Y) - Military Applications - GPS
• PRS (Public Regulated Service): Public authorities (civil protection & police) - encrypted - GPS/Galileo
• OS (Open Service) : freely accessible - consumer applications – Galileo
• Sol (Safety of Life) : Application requiring a high reliability of operation– Galileo
• SAR (Search And Rescue): Search operation for rescue and assistance - Galileo

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

 GNSS Fields of application

• Military operations
• Transport (maritime, air, land)
• Cartography – Topography
• Geology
• Oil prospecting
• Public works
• Agriculture & Fisherie

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »
 GNSS Telecommunications Techniques
• Digital Signal Processing
• Multiplexing: CDMA - FDMA
• Modulations: BPSK & BOC
• Encryption
• Embedded transmitters
• Embedded receivers: Software / Hardware (Acquisition &Tracking)
• EM wave with circular polarization

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

 GNSS's categories of use :

• Location: positioning things in space
• Navigation: getting from point a to point b
• Tracking: monitoring movements
• Mapping: creating maps based on those positions
• Timing: precision global timing

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

 GNSS Frequency Bands

• All GNSS systems use the L frequency band between 1164 and 1610 MHz

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

 GPS Constellation
• 6 orbital planes
• 30 satellites
• 55° inclination Angle
• Altitude 20200km

 GPS Transmission Frequencies

• L1 = 1575.42 MHz = 154 x 10.23 MHz
• L2 = 1227.6 MHz = 120 x 10.23 MHz
• L5 = 1176.45 MHz = 115 x 10.23 MHz (For civil use)
• Military Signal (M-code) and new Civil Signal (L2CS)

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »

Positioning Principle
The three segments (space, control and users) are necessary to determine the position and
In general, four satellites or more are necessary to
then, the speed of any object (mobile or immobile).
determine a position

Received Code
Distance τ

RECCEIVER
Local code

Satellite Distance = C x ∆t
τ = Code Delay = Reception Time – Emission Time
C = Speed of Light = 300 000 Km/s

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 II. Global Navigation Satellite Systems « GNSS »
 Trilatération Principle

So, to determine the exact position of the

Receiver, one must solve the following
system of equations:
D1 D2

D3

D4

Receiver
∆t : Correction factor used to update the receiver’s clock

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 Thanks for your attention

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