2713 - Accident Prevention, Loss

Control & Occupational Health &

Safety Management Systems
Module 8: OHS Management Systems

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 Course Plan
Module Titles
Module 1 – Course Introduction and Historical to Present Day Perspectives of OHS
Module 2 – Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA) & Due Diligence
Module 3 – Accident Theory, Incident Prevention and Loss Control
Module 4 – The Role of Management and Management Principles
Module 5 – Joint Safety Committees and Hazard Identification
Module 6 – Workplace Inspections
Module 7 – Accident Investigations – Powers of Inspectors during Inspections
Current Focus: Module 8 – Occupational Healthy and Safety Management
Systems
Module 9 – Auditing
Module 10 – Final Project Presentation

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 Module 8 – Section 1

Introduction to Occupational Health

and Safety Management Systems
(“OHSMS”)

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What is an OHSMS?
• Coordinated, systematic and comprehensive process for
managing OHS hazards and risks

• A continuous cycle of formal activities designed to:

– Identify and prioritize OHS risks
– Establish effective controls for OHS risks
– Assign responsibility and accountability for OHS
– Monitor and drive continuous improvement on safety performance

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 What is OHS Risk?

• Class Discussion – What is OHS Risk?

• Probability of Injury/Illness + Severity = Risk

PROBABILITY OF INJURY
HIGH MEDIUM LOW
SEVERITY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM
OF INJURY MAJOR HIGH MEDIUM LOW
MODERATE
MEDIUM LOW LOW
MINOR

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Purpose of an OHSMS?
• Provides a framework for managing OHS risks
– Eliminating hazards
– Minimizing risks
• Effective preventive and protective measures
• When measures applied by the organization, OHS
performance improves
• OHSMS is more effective and efficient when early action
taken to address opportunities for improvement with OHS

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Why Implement an OHSMS?
• Goes beyond the minimum legal requirements to protect the
health and safety of workers
• Assists in continuous improvement by auditing the OHSMS
• Improves performance and productivity through heightened
employee moral
• Demonstrates due diligence and reduces liability
• Provides framework to seamlessly integrate OHS into all
aspects of organization’s business
• Allows for integration with other management systems (i.e.
quality, environmental, finance)

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Benefits of Implementing an OHSMS
• Eliminates or minimizes OHS risk to workers
• Pro-active vs. Reactive
• Reduces work-related injuries and incidents
• Improves performance and productivity through heightened
employee moral
• Ensures compliance with regulatory and legal OHS
legislation

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Benefits of Implementing an OHSMS (cont’d)
• Demonstrates due diligence and reduce liability
• Provides framework to seamlessly integrate OHS into all
aspects of organization’s business
• Reinforces a responsible and well-managed reputation with
customers, stakeholders and the public
• Improves industry - government relations
• Allows for integration with other management systems (i.e.
quality, environmental, finance)

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 Module 8 – Section 2

Components of an OHS
Management System

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Components of an OHSMS
• An OHSMS typically includes:
– Hazard identification, assessment and control
• Current and specific to the workplace
– Programs, systems and procedures
• To safely carry out the work and correct any issues
– Competent workers
• Established duties and responsibilities to work safety
– Equipment and materials
• Provided and maintained in good working condition and appropriate for
the work

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 Components of an OHSMS

PLAN the WORK

Organize/
Management Schedule/
Review Coordinate

Monitor/Supervise Instruct/Communicate

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A Successful OHSMS
• Success depends on leadership, commitment and
participation from all levels and functions of the organization

• Key Factors:
– Top management commitment, leadership
– Top management developing, leading and promoting a safety culture
– Communication
– Participation of workers
– Legal Compliance

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Plan the Work
• Plan the work or task
– What is the job that the employer wants done
– Identify the job hazards
– Assess the job hazards
– Review applicable legislation, standards, codes and guidelines
– Determine and implement control measures for job hazards

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Plan the Work (cont’d)
• Factors to consider in assigning priority for analysis of jobs
include:
– Accident frequency and severity
– Potential for severe injuries, illnesses or property damage
– Newly established or modified jobs
– Infrequently performed jobs (e.g. annual maintenance and shutdown
activities)
– Jobs where complacency has set in

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DO - Organize
• Coordinate the work or task
– How will the job be carried out?
– How will different people/ processes interact?
– How will preventative measures be incorporated into the work?
• e.g. housekeeping, preventative maintenance, etc.
– What is appropriate number of workers required, when and what are
they to do?
– What specific regulations, codes, guidelines apply?
– What specific company policies and procedures will apply?
– How will supervisor manage daily requirements?
• e.g. project safety plan, job safety plan

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Do - Communicate
• Health and Safety Communication – Who?
– Workers – advise any potential or actual danger to their health or
safety
– Contractors
– Visitors
– Interested Parties

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Do – Communicate (cont’d)
• Health and Safety Communication – What?
– Hazards, precautionary measures and controls
– Health and safety legislation (rights and responsibilities)
– Codes of practice, standards
– Employer’s health and safety polices and procedures
– Employer’s general health and safety rules
– Employer’s actions if there are safety violations

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Do – Communicate (cont’d)
• Health and Safety Communication – When?
– At regular intervals
– When a new work process is introduced
– When a work process or operation changes
– Legislation changes

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Instruct/ Communicate
• Health and Safety Communication - How:
– May be provided as part of:
• Training, meetings, lunch box/tool box/tailgate, safety talks, coaching
– Ensure workers understand information and instructions provided
– Verify understanding after instructions and at regular intervals
– Demonstrate training is:
• Appropriate
• Documented
• Understood
• Current

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Management of Change

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Case Study: R. v. Adam Clarke
• Read the case study handout
• Be prepared to discuss
– The Facts
– The issues
– The decision

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Check - Monitor/ Supervise
• Assess potential hazards & effectiveness of controls and
compliance via:
– Job observations and comparison with JSA
– Workplace Inspections
– Accident Investigations
– JHSC
– Work Refusals & Work Stoppages

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Act - Management Review
• Compliance with OHSA, regulations and employer’s
requirements:
– Supervisor acknowledgement of worker’s performance
– Positive reinforcement
– Annual review of program by top management
• Review Incidents, Injuries, Illnesses, defined Root Causes and Direct
Causes and Preventive Actions
• Review all internal/external issues, compliance
• Review OHS performance compared to objectives
• Verify any deficiencies identified in Audits and the Corrective Actions
• Follow up that Corrective Actions are in place and working
• Ensure adequate resources are available
• Ensure Opportunities for Improvement are identified and acted upon

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Act - Management Review (cont’d)
• Correction
– Non-compliance with the OHSA, regulations and employer’s
requirements
• Employers do have rights to establish and enforce reasonable health
and safety rules
• Flows from employer duty to have a safe workplace
• Recommend progressive discipline for breach of safety rules

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Act - Management Review (cont’d)
• Discipline - Union Workplace – Workers’ Remedy
– Discipline subject to collective agreement
– Discipline may result in grievance arbitration
– Union worker has s.50 of the OHSA for the complaint process

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Management Review
• Discipline - Non-Union Workplace – Workers’ Remedy
– Discipline subject to H.R. policy
– Suspension may result in Constructive Dismissal lawsuit
– Termination may result in wrongful dismissal lawsuit
– No right of reinstatement
– Non-union worker has s.50 of the OHSA for the complaint process

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Developing an OHSMS
• Tools that may be used to develop an effective OHSMS
– ISO 45001 and CSA Z1000
• Voluntary compliance possible
• Certification based systems
• Performance based
• Conformance may help with showing due diligence

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R. v. ControlChem Canada Ltd [2016]
• Environmental case against ControlChem Canada; Charges
were dismissed

• Reasons:
– Able to demonstrate that environmental management was inhere to
its corporate culture
– Implement Policies
– Evidence of Standard Operating Procedures
– Evidence of Rigorous Staff Training
– Had engineering containment features to minimize the risk of harm
to the environment and to eliminate the risks of spills.

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 Class Discussion

• When does your organization instruct workers regarding

proper safe work procedures?

• What is one aspect of communication that your organization

could improve on?

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