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Essential Commas Rules Ebook

Steno Vibes Publication, 2022

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Every Transcription/Matter is Exam Oriented Matter (Legal or General) and

are designed by Experts. Here, we are providing some essential Rules and
methods which will be beneficial for your transcription.

So, keep practicing and keep growing!

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Phrases which take ‘Comma’- if occur in the beginning of a sentence.

As you know, As I said, As we know,

At the outset, After all, At the moment,

After that, So far as I know, As it appears,

As far as possible, So far as I am concerned, As you are aware,

As a matter of fact, As much as I know, As far as I know,

A few years ago, According to him, As we all know,

As I see it, In the first place, In this connection,

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In this context, In the first instance, In the beginning,

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In the second place, In this case, In the meanwhile,

In course of time, In our opinion, In the end,

In other words, In the meantime, In due course,

In this way,
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On the one hand, In addition,

On the contrary, To that extent, On the other hand,

To this day, The other day, To some extent,

To a great extent, By and large, On DD-MM-YYYY, (On 17.12.2022,)

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First of all, To the extent possible, Last time,

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From time to time, It is true that, Name, Government Post

To a large extent, To a certain extent, As we all are aware,

For the time being, At the present moment, On Date Month, YYYY, (1 March,
2022,)
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At the same time, It is, therefore, For the time being,

In my view, At the present moment, At the present time,

But, on the whole, In that direction, For the first time,

In the first five year plan, Under this/that Scheme, In my opinion,

In order to, While Addressing today, To my mind,

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At the very outset, To that end, In conclusion,

At this stage, Rule or Act Name, Year Prime Minister Name, Post
(Code of Civil Procedure, 1973) (Jawaharlal Nehru, the first PM of
(R.T.I. Act, 2005) India.)

Words which take ‘Comma’- if occur in the Beginning of the sentence.

Firstly, Basically, Mr. Speaker, Time and again,

Secondly, Formerly, Madam, Here again,

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Thirdly, Ultimately, Mr.Vice Chairman, Further,

Certainly, Consequently, Mr. President, Though,

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Fortunately, Subsequently, Mr.Vice President, Currently,

Originally, Probably, Deputy Chairman, Additionally,

Undoubtedly, Significantly, Hon’ble Speaker, Besides,

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Lastly, Repeatedly, Sir, Also,

Finally, Sincerely, No doubt, Yet,

Surely, Possibly, Meanwhile, So,

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Simply, Simultaneously, However, But,

Actually, Eventually, Greatly, Then,

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Accordingly, Purposely, Therefore, Now,

Similarly, Previously, Perhaps, Especially,

Obviously, Afterwards, Of course,

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Certainly, Some time ago, At last,

Naturally, Otherwise, Conversely,

Unfortunately, Likewise, In fact,

Generally, For example, All right,

Normally, For instance, Afterwards,

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Some Examples of the above given words and phrases :-

(A) In Starting :

➔ Sir, it is right.
➔ Sir, in my opinion, it is right
➔ Mr. Vice-Chairman, Sir, I would like to say
➔ Mr. Deputy Chairman, Sir, I raise this concern.
➔ Madam, this is a Bill,
➔ Madam, Deputy Chairman, I would like to say
➔ In my humble view, this is an open case.
➔ In my view, this is a bad thing

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➔ According to him, he is not culprit
➔ Therefore, I would suggest him to

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➔ However, this is a contradictory statement.
➔ Possibly, this is an error.
➔ Simply, it is good.
➔ But, you should do that work.
➔ On the contrary, it was incomplete.
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➔ Hence, it is up to you
➔ On 02.11.2017, the accused committed a crime.
➔ After investigation, charges were framed.
➔ As you know, the statement is already recorded.
➔ As per the brief facts of the case, we come to know
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➔ From the aforesaid, it is clear that offence is made
➔ In the meantime, we have made the arrangements.
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➔ First, you have to come.

➔ Second / Secondly, it is not correct.
➔ Subsequently, the offences were committed.
➔ Consequently, he walked out from the meeting.
➔ On the other hand, those criminal cases are pending.
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➔ On the contrary, he is sincere.

➔ On behalf of the revisionist, the learned counsel stated that
➔ The respondents, namely, Ramesh, Dinesh,
➔ Here, it is a known fact.
➔ Then, you may proceed.
➔ Mr. President, I assure you.
➔ Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India had done well.
 Steno Vibes Institution

Words which take ‘Comma’ on both sides- if occur in the Middle of the
sentence.

,therefore, ,Sir,

,however, ,in my opinion,

,of course, ,if I may say so,

,that is, ,more or less,

,that is to say, ,for example,

,namely, ,for instance,

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,to some extent,

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**EXCEPTION** When “and” is written before and after the above given words, then
the comma will not be placed. (COMMA never comes before and after ‘and’)**

Some Examples : (A) In Middle :

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➔ My best friend is the most hardworking, therefore, he got the job.
➔ The car was beautiful, however, it was extremely fuel inefficient.
➔ He will, of course, make sure everyone that he is not the accused.
➔ Calcium is found in green leafy vegetables, that is, Spinach, Broccoli and
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Arugula.
➔ He began to learn English when he was twelve years old, that is to say, when
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he entered junior high school.

➔ Hon’ble Chairman, Sir, I would like to draw the attention of the House.
➔ All, in my opinion, could have been avoided if they had not requested me.
➔ All these things, if I may say so, are entirely irrelevant.
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➔ Production is, more or less, at a standstill.

➔ I would recommend low sugar fruits, for example, strawberries or avocados.
➔ Avoid pre-packaged foods and consume fruits, for instance, apples, grapes
and mangoes.
➔ Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and to some extent, Jainism came from
Hinduism.
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➔ The Officers, namely, Rakesh, Mahesh, Ram, Krishna and Piyush are eligible
for the promotion.

Here are some Grammar Rules for Comma to be followed during

transcription

1. Conditional Sentence :

Conditional sentences describe a conditional situation or a result that depends on an

event occurring first. "If" one thing happens, "then" another thing will happen. It simply
means that one thing is required for something else to occur or exist.

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If a sentence starts with “If”, it will surely take a comma before the result.

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= If I play well, (Condition) I will win the match. (the result)

*EXCEPTION* :- if the Result is given in the first clause and the Condition is given
in the second clause, then NO Comma will be used.
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= I would travel around the world if I won the lottery. (No comma is used)

★ If a sentence starts with “In” it will take a comma.

= In India, there are different Cultures and Religions.

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★ To separate the Adverbial Clause from the Main Clause, Comma is used.
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= When I was child, I used to go to school.

★ Comma is used to separate question tags from the sentence.

= They are going to take revenge, aren’t they?

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★ To address someone or command someone, Comma is used.

= Rachit, clean the table now.

**(COMMA never comes before and after ‘and’)**

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Here are some adjoined words which are not written separately.

Countryside, forthwith, uppermost, overwhelm, lifeblood, wherefrom,

threadbare, furthermore, outbreak, thereby, foolproof, backbone,
worthwhile, topmost, shareholder, groundnut, overdraft, turnover,
wayside, widespread, thereon, thereto, aftermath, befit, deadlock,
toto, layman, outcome, whereabouts, foodstuff, overdue, forthcoming,
brotherhood, bloodshed, cannot, anywhere, anything, anybody,

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everywhere, wherever, overall, everybody, somewhere, something,

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someone, somebody, sometimes, somehow, nevertheless, nobody,
altogether, indifference, handshake, heartburn, policyholder, unrest,
updated, watermark, hereunder, thereunder, malfunction,
nonetheless, overburden, overcome, overview, painstaking, software,
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shortfall, superpower, taxpayer, throughout, withdraw, withdrawal,
worthwhile, youthful, watchdog, malnutrition, meantime,
straightway, sweetheart, therein, thereby, thereof, thereto, thereon,
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whereby, wherein, whereon, wherewith, whereupon, wherefore,
herein, hereby, someone, hereafter, hereinafter, herebefore. etc..
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These are some two words which are written separately.

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all right, all round, common man, in charge, at least, after all, instead
of, all together, some time, via media, ex officio, de facto, prima facie,
status quo, vice versa, viva voce, bullock cart, ad hoc, ad valorem, at
once, along with, bona fide, day by day, per annum, per capita, per
cent, free market, free trade, en route, electoral rolls, mala fide, to be,
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sub judice, pari passu, up to, in respect of, in spite of, in as much as,
etc…

These are some Hyphenated Words which are written only with Hyphen.

Self-reliance, self-interest, up-to-date, long-term, medium-term,

work-to-rule, heart-burning, heart-rending, far-reaching, far-sighted,
heart-breaking, two-fold, President-elect two-fold, ex-Prime Minister,
three-fourths, anti-national, Vice-Chairman, high-level, well-known,

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high-powered committee, high-tech, well-known, high-handed, nitty-gritty,
free-for-all, non-official, Pro-B.J.P., self-evident, wrist-watch, re-write,

be
non-violence, self-satisfied, short-lived, self-interest, ten-rupee note,
re-examination, non-controversial, toning-up, forty-two thousand,
sixty-seven thousand, etc..
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Self; non; vice; re(again); ex(former); pre(before); made; being;...
etc. all these prefixes and suffixes are usually written in
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hyphenated form, such as :-
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self-employed, Vice-Chairman, ex-Deputy Chairman, non-arrival, re-cast,

pre-independence, know-how, foreign-made, well-being, country-made,
quasi-federal, ex-officio.
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 Steno Vibes Institution

Here is the solution of Capitalization needed for a paragraph in the Skill test.

1. When there is any Government post or Designation, write them in

Capital.

Chief Minister, Prime Minister, Chief Secretary, Finance Minister,

Planning Minister, Railway Minister, Food Minister, Health
Minister, Chief Secretary, Vice-Chairman, Deputy Chairman,
President, Foreign Secretary, Deputy Secretary, Attorney General,

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Chief Justice, Judge, Deputy Registrars, Junior Inspectors, Senior

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Inspectors, Regional Directorates, Income-tax Officer, President,
Collector, Secretary, General Managers, Divisional Managers,
Director of Sericulture, Monarch of England, Supreme Commander,
Tehsildar, Village Development Officer, Sarpanch, Member of
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Legislative Assembly, (M.L.A.), Panch, Deputy Collector, etc…

2. When there is any Government Institution or Parliamentary Term, write

them in Capital.
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Government, Central Government, State Government, Court, High

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Court, Trial Court, Supreme Court, Supreme Court Judge, High

Court Judge, Chief Justice, Governor, Member, Members of
Parliament, Parliament, Cabinet, State, Union Territories, Budget,
Resolution, Bill, Clause, Legislature, Act, Rules, Article, Report,
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Mover, Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Constitution, Constitutional, Head,

Table, Party, Ordinance, Defence, Army, English, Hindi, Railway(s),
Department, Disarmament Committee, Commission, Corporation,
Independence, Press, Press of India, House, Capital Investment,
Directive Principles, Fundamental Rights, Opposition, Government
of India, Government Servants, President’s Address, Western
countries, Head of the State, Article 52 of the Constitution, Council
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of States, People Act, Defence personnel, Defence Services, Central

Services, Supply Corps, Post and Telegraph levies, Railway Board,
Railway Budget, Railway Inspectorate, Railway Administration,
Railway Officials, Railway Taxes, Railway Authority, Station Master’s
Union, Disciplinary Authority, U.S. Press, Indian Press, Press
Council, State Department, S.A.A.R.C. Summit, S.A.A.R.C., Code of
Conduct, Congress Party, All India Congress, Budget, British, British
Railways, Anganwadi, Concurrent List, State List, Union List,
National Seminar, Demands for Grants, Constituent Assembly, State

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of Gujarat, Dantwala Committee’s recommendations, Opposition
Leaders, Secretary of State, Table of the House, Vote No. 01, Bill No.

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03, Chapter IV/V, Section 03, Constitution (Amendment) Bill,
Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, Company Law (Amendment) Bill,
Company Law (Amendment) Act, Government Servants (Conduct)
Rules, Negotiable Instruments Laws (Amendment) Bill, Direct Tax
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(Amendment) Act, Press Council (Amendment) Bill, Press Council
(Second Amendment) Bill, Mineral Concession Rules Plan, First
Plan, Second Plan, First Plan, Third Plan, Third Plan Period, Action
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Plan, First Five Year Plan, Second Five Year Plan, Third Five Year
Plan, Seventh Five Year Plan, Eleventh Five Year Plan, etc…
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3. When there is a name of any Organization, Committee, Commission,

Government Ministry or Institution, then write their names in Capital
Form because Proper Nouns are always written in Capital Form.
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National Integration Council, Central Public Works Department,

Life Insurance Corporation, University Grants Commission,
University Education Commission, International Monetary Fund,
Narasimham Committee, Sarkaria Commission, European Common
Market, Industrial Policy Resolution, Reserve Bank of India, State
Bank of India, Central Silk Board, Standing Committee, Fiscal
Commission, Central Administrative Tribunal, Ramkrishna Mission,
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Congress Working

Committee, Council of Ministers, Board of Film, Children’s Film
Society, Central Legislative Assembly, Joint Select Committee,
National Service Force, Education and Scientific Division, Indian Oil
Corporation, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Non-Proliferation
Treaty, National Security Council, Public Financial Institutions,
Public Works Department, Statement of Objects and Reasons, Coal
Board, Censor Board, Boards of State Bank Group of Banks, Social
Welfare Board, Board of Directors, Estimates Committee, Bhanu

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Pratap Committee, Union Public Service Commission, Criminal
Procedure Code, Indian Penal Code, National Development Council,

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State Trading Corporation, Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Industry, National Housing Policy, Backward Classes Commission,
Election Commission, Export Promotion Council, Public Accounts
Committee, National Cooperative Union, Consumer Cooperative
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Societies, Warehouse Corporations, Banking Public Financial
Institutions, Integrated Rural Development Programme, National
Drinking Water Mission, National Front Government, Federal
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Republic of Germany, International Bank for Development, State
Trading Corporation, Rural Credit Survey Committee, Chittranjan’s
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Locomotive Works, Vice-Chancellor’s Conference, Scientific Policy

Commission, Civil Supplies and Public Distribution System, Cauvery
River Valley Authority, Damodar Valley Corporation, Central Board
of Workers Education, Assam State Electricity Board, Home
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Ministry, Education Ministry, Food Ministry, Broadcasting Ministry,

Commerce and Industry Ministry,
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Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Rural

Development,Ministry of Agriculture (Department of Food), Ministry
of Civil Supplies/ Public Distribution, Public Accounts Committee,
etc..

4. All the Designations, e.g. Secretary, Secretary of State, Joint Secretary,

Deputy Secretary, Vice-Chancellor, Professor, etc.

5. All the titles and descriptive names are written in capital. e.g. Secretary

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General, Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation, Netaji Subhash

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Chander Bose, Iron Man of India, Napoleon of India, etc.

6. Names of Societies, Associations. Clubs, Universities, Organizations,

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etc. are written in capital.

7. All the directions and sub-directions, that is, North, South, East, West,
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Eastern, Western, Northern, Southern, North-West, South-East, etc.

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8. All proper Nouns, i.e. the name of a particular person or place, etc. are
written in capital.
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Dr. Mookerjee, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Mr. Bhupesh Gupta,

Dr. Kunzru, Dr. Radhakrishnan, Shri Narshimha Rao, Mrs.
Chandramani, Mr. Humayun Kabir, Shri Vasant Sathe, Mr. Mishra,
Mr. Madhu Limaye, Shri Balram Jhakar, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri,
Prof. Das, Sardar Swaran Singh, Mirza Afzal Ayodhya, Delhi,
Calcutta, West Bengal, Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir, Orissa, Bombay,
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Madras, Kanpur, America, Japan, Britain, India The Congress Party,

The Bharatiya Janata Party, Rashtriya Janata Dal

9. Months and Days are always written in Capital.

Example:- January, February, March, April, May, etc. Sunday, Monday,

Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.

s
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10. Abbreviations (short forms) are always written in Capital.

Examples:- B.A. M.A. I.A.S. I.P.S. C.A. L.L.B., etc…

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11. Write these letters always in Small letters.

Examples:- a.m., p.m., e.g., etc.,

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12. Proper Adjectives are always written in Capital form.

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Example:- Indian, American, British, Japanese, Bengali, Punjabi,

Bihari, etc.
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13. Titles and Degrees, written as a prefix in someone’s name, always

written in Capital form.

Examples:- Mr. Mrs. Sir Dr. Prof. Lt. Capt. Prof. Hon, etc.
 Steno Vibes Institution

Here are some Parliamentary Terms which will be written as Capital.

Extremely Beneficial For SSC Stenographer Grade C and D Skill test.

Advocate General Cabinet Committee House of People

Amendment Bill Call Notice Motion Question Hour
All India Services Central Level Opposition

Article Central List Ordinance

Armed Forces Chief Whip Head of the State

s
Attorney General Coir Board Proclamation

be
Bench Council of States Returning Officer
Bill Demands for Grants Joint Select Committee
Budget Ford Foundation Tariff Commission
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Minute of Dissent Law Commission Leader of the Opposition

Treasury Benches Treasury Bills Motion of Thanks

President’s Address President’s Rule Additional Judge
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Table Backward Classes Chancellor of the
Commission Exchequer
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Report Statement of Objects Consolidated Fund of

and Reasons India
Khadi and Village Joint Parliamentary Scientific/ Industrial
Industries Commission Committee Policy Resolution
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National Development All India Congress Chief of the Armed

Council Committee Forces

**Note** : Article, Bench, Bill, Budget, Table, Report, are written in Capital form

when referred to the Parliament.

 Steno Vibes Institution

Important Legal terms for various High Court exams

Latin Terms:

1. a fortiori - With stronger reason

2. a priori - From the cause to the effect
3. ab initio - From the beginning
4. actiones in personam - Personal actions
5. ad curiam - Before a court; to court
6. ad damnum clause - To the damage, clause in a complaint stating

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monetary loss
7. ad faciendum - To do

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8. ad hoc - For this purpose or occasion
9. ad litem - For this suit or litigation
10. ad valorem - According to the value
11. adversus - Against
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12. alias dictus - An assumed name
13. alibi - In another place, elsewhere
14. aliunde - From another place, from without (as in evidence
outside the document)
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15. alter ego - The other self

16. amicus curiae - “friend of the court”
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17. animo - With intention, disposition, design or will

18. animus - Mind or intention
19. ante litem motam - before the suit or before litigation is filed
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20. arguendo - In the course of an argument

21. bona fide - Good faith
22. capias - Take, arrest
23. causa mortis - By reason of death
24. caveat - Beware, a warning
25. caveat emptor - Let the buyer beware
26. certiorari - “send the pleadings up”, indicating a discretionary
review process
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27. Cestui - Beneficiaries

28. Cestui que trust - Beneficiaries of a trust
29. circa - In the area of, about or concerning
30. compos mentis - Of sound mind
31. consortium - The conjugal fellowship of husband and wife
32. contra - Against
33. corpus - Body
34. corpus delicti - Body of the offense
35. datum - Information or the thing given
36. de facto - In fact, in deed or actually

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37. de jure - Of right, lawful
38. de novo - A new or afresh

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39. de son tort - Of his own wrong
40. dies non - Not a day
41. duces tecum - bring with you
42. e converso - Conversely or on the other hand
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43. en banc - All judges present on the bench to hear a case
44. eo instanti - Upon the instant
45. erratum - Error
46. et alii - And others
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47. et sequentia - And as follows

48. et ux - And wife
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49. et vir - And husband

50. ex delicto - Arising from a tort
51. ex gratia - As a matter of favor
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52. ex officio - From office, by virtue of his office

53. ex parte - By or for one party only
54. ex post facto - After the fact
55. facto - In fact, in or by the law
56. felonice - Feloniously
57. fiat - Let it be done, a short order that a thing be done
58. fieri - To be made up, to become
59. flagrante delicto - In the very act of committing the crime
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60. forum non conveniens - Power to decline jurisdiction over a case

and have it tried elsewhere
61. gravis - Serious, of importance
62. habeas corpus - Writ commanded to the custodian of a person to
produce the body now
63. habendum clause - The part of a deed beginning “to have and to
hold” and defining ownership
64. honorarium - Fee, gift or compensation from gratitude
65. idem - The same as above (id.)
66. idem sonans - To have the same sound, as in names sounding

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alike but spelled differently
67. in curia - In court

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68. in esse - In being, existence
69. in forma pauperis - Permission given to a poor person to sue
without liability for court costs
70. infra - Beneath; below
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71. in limine - At the beginning; At the threshold
72. in loco parentis - In place of the parent
73. in pari delicto - In equal fault
74. in personam - Personally, or against the person
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75. in praesenti - At once; now

76. in re - In the matter
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77. in rem - A proceeding against a thing

78. in specie - In the same or in similar form
79. instanter - Immediately
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80. inter alia, inter alios - Among other things or between other
persons
81. inter se - Among themselves
82. inter vivos - Between the living; or from one person to another
83. in toto - In the whole; completely
84. in transitu - In transit
85. intra - Within; inside
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86. ipse dixit - He himself said (it), as an assertion made but not
proved
87. ipso facto - By the fact itself
88. ita est - so it is
89. jura personarum - Right of a person, rights of persons
90. jura rerum - Rights of things
91. jure divino - By divine rights
92. jure uxoris - In his wife’s right
93. jus - Law or right
94. jus ad rem - A right to a thing

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95. jus commune - The common law or common right
96. jus gentium - The law of nations or international law

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97. just habendi - The right to have a thing and retain the profits
98. jus tertii - The right of a third party
99. levari facias - Cause to be levied, a writ of execution
100. lex - Law
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101. lex loci - The law of the place where the cause of action arose
102. lis pendens - Litigation pending
103. locus delicti - The place of the crime
104. locus sigilli - The place for the seal
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105. mala - Bad

106. mala fides - Bad faith
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107. mala in se - An act that is morally wrong

108. mala praxis - Malpractice
109. mala prohibita - An act declared as criminal by statute
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110. mala animo - Acting with evil intent

111. mandamus - A writ used to compel an official to perform a
required act
112. manu forti - Forcible entry
113. mens rea - Guilty mind
114. nihil dicit - He says nothing
115. nil - Nothing
116. nil debet - He owes nothing
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117. nisi prius - Distinguishing the trial court from the appellate court
118. nolle prosequi - Unwilling to prosecute
119. nolo contendere - “I will not contest it”; a criminal plea
120. non - Not
121. non assumpsit - Plea in defense; that he did not promise
122. non compos mentis - “Not of sound mind”
123. non est factum - “It is not his deed”
124. non obstante - Notwithstanding
125. non sequitur - “It does not follow”
126. nota bene - Note well; take notice

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127. nudum pactum - A bare agreement lacking consideration
128. nul tort - “No wrong done”

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129. nulla bona - “No good”
130. nunc pro tunc - “Now for then”
131. obiter dictum - A remark made by a Court that is not central to a
main issue in the case.
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132. onus probandi - Burden of Proof
133. opus - Work or labor
134. ore tenus - By word of mouth
135. pari delicto - In equal fault
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136. pari passu - By equal progress

137. pater familias - Father of the family
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138. peculium - Private property

139. pendens - “Pending”
140. pendente lite - Pending the suit, during litigation
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141. per annum - Annual, by the year

142. per capita - By the head, equally shared
143. per contra - “In opposition”
144. per curiam - “By the Court”
145. per diem - By the day
146. per se - Taken alone
147. per stirpes - By the roots or stock (for purposes of inheritance)
148. post - After, later
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149. post-factum - After the fact

150. post-obit - Taking effect after death
151. praecipe - A Writ commanding a person to do some act or show
cause to be excused from acting
152. prima facie - At first sight, on the face of it
153. pro bono - “For the good” Describes services performed free of
charge
154. pro forma - “As a matter of form” Describing statements or
conclusions based on assumed facts
155. pro hac vice - “For this occasion”

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156. pro rata - A distribution according to the rate or proportion
157. pro se - Appearing for oneself; personally

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158. pro tanto - For so much, to that extent
159. pro tempore - For the time being, temporarily
160. prochein ami - “Next friend”
161. publici juris - Of public right
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162. pur autre vie - For or during the life of another
163. quaere - A question or query
164. quaerens - The plaintiff
165. quantum - How much, the amount
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166. quare - “Wherefore”

167. quasi - As if, as if it were true
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168. quid pro quo - “Something for something”

169. quo warranto - “By what right or authority”
170. res - the thing, object or subject matter
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171. res gestae - Things done; an excited utterance

172. res ipsa loquitur - “The thing speaks for itself”
173. res judicata - “A thing or matter adjudged”
174. respondeat superior - “Let the master answer”
175. scienter - Knowledge
176. scilicet - “To wit; or namely”
177. scintilla - A spark
178. scire facias - Give notice
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179. secundum - According to

180. se defendendo - “In self defense”
181. semper - Always
182. seriatim - Severally, separately
183. sic - Used to indicate an error in original quoted material
184. sigillum - A seal
185. sine - “Without”
186. sine die - “Without a day assigned for a future meeting”
187. sine qua non - An indispensable condition or part
188. status quo - “Present state”

s
189. sua sponte - Voluntarily
190. sub nomine - Under the name of

be
191. sub silentio - Without notice being taken
192. sui generis - Of its own kind or class
193. sui juris - Of his own right
194. supersedeas - Superseding
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195. supra - Above, cited prior in the document
196. tenere - To hold, to keep
197. termininus a quo - The starting point
198. ultra - Beyond
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199. ultra vires - Without power

200. venire facias - “That you cause to come”
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201. versus - Against

202. videlicet - “It is easy to see”
203. vi et armis - “By force and arms”
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204. vis-a-vis - One who is face to face with another

205. vivos - Living
206. voir dire - “To speak the truth”
 Steno Vibes Institution

Here are some examples which are to be written in Capital form in

Legal Passage.

“Name of Courts”, “Name of Posts in Courts”, Judges, Counsel, Prosecutor,

Government Advocates, “Acts”, “Rules”, “Fundamental Rights”, etc.

Here are some examples of Courts which are always written in Capital Format.

Supreme Court High Court Subordinate Court

s
Hon’ble Supreme Court Hon’ble High Court Board of Revenue

be
Apex Court Labour Court Lok Adalat

Lower Court Gram Nyayalaya Juvenile Justice Board

Appellate Court Family Court National Green Tribunal

Trial Court
Vi
POCSO Act Court MACT Court

Civil Court Commercial Court NDPS Court

Criminal Court Revenue Court Prevention of

Corruption Act Court
o

Women Atrocities Motor Accidents Central Administrative

Cases Court Claims Tribunal Tribunal
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Additional Sessions District and Sessions High Court of

Court Court Judicature at Patna
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 Steno Vibes Institution

Here are some examples of Posts in Courts which are always written in
Capital Format.

Hon’ble Supreme Court Judge Chief Metropolitan Magistrate

Additional Sessions Judge Metropolitan Magistrate

Hon’ble High Court Judge Judicial Magistrate

Learned Single Judge Nyayadhikari

Special Judge Learned Public Prosecutor

s
Learned Sessions Judge District and Sessions Judge

Additional District Judge Chief Judicial Magistrate

be
Additional Chief Metropolitan
Magistrate
Vi
Here are some examples of Posts in Courts which are always written in
Small format.
o

learned counsel learned counsel for the petitioner

en

learned counsel for the respondent learned senior counsel

learned advocate

learned counsel for the appellant

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 Steno Vibes Institution

Here are some examples of Acts, Rules, & other terms which are always written
in Capital Format.

Indian Penal Code Right to Equality Investigating Officer

Code of Civil Procedure Right to Freedom Station House Officer

Code of Criminal Right against Exploitation Prosecuting Officer

Procedure

First Information Report Right to Equality Capital Punishment

Fundamental Rights Right to Freedom of Habeas Corpus

s
Religion

Fundamental Duties Right to Information Quo Warranto

be
Right to Speech Right to Education Mandamus

Cultural and Educational ( F.R.) Final Report Prohibition (only in

Rights Capital when it is referred
Vi
to as Writ)
o

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St

Copyright.

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