1(a) The following logo is stored as a bitmap image.

Each box represents one pixel, with three different colours being
used in the image.

State what is meant by the term image resolution.

[1]

(b) Calculate the fewest number of bits that could be used to store the logo as a bitmap image. You must show your
working.

[4]

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 (c) Give two ways that the file size of the image could be reduced.

[2]

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 2 The ASCII code for the character J is the denary number 74.

(i) State what is meant by a character set.

[1]

(ii) ASCII has 8 bits per character.

Identify the maximum number of different characters that ASCII can represent.

[1]

(iii) A text file uses the ASCII character set. The text file has 2000 characters in it.

Calculate an estimate of the file size of the text file in Kilobytes. Show your working.

Kilobytes

(iv) Identify one other character set.

[2]

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 3 The table below (Fig. 3) shows the ASCII codes for a number of characters.

The lower case ASCII code for a character can be found by adding 0100000 to the upper case version.

Character ASCII code

R 1010010
r 1110010
A 1000001
a
E 1000101
e

Fig.3

(i) Complete the table above by filling in the missing ASCII codes. [2]

(ii) Compare the use of ASCII and Extended ASCII to represent characters.

[2]

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 4 Kofi uses his computer to record an audio file of himself playing his guitar.

He emails his recording to a record label. He uses lossy compression to produce the music file.

Explain two reasons why using lossy compression is beneficial.

[4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

1 a Number of pixels (in an image) 1 Accept pixels per inch / mm / unit area
Height and width (of an image) (density)
AO2
1b(1)

b 90 (pixels in an image) // 15 x 6 (pixels 4 Must clearly show multiplication for 3rd BP

in image)
Multiply pixels x bits per pixel AO1
…2 bits required per pixel (because 3 1b(2)
colours)
180 bits overall answer AO1
1b(2)

c Reduce number of pixels / resolution 2 Accept descriptive answers linked to given

Reduce number of colours logo (e.g "change to black and white only")
Use lossy compression AO2 “Make image smaller” is NE
Use lossless compression 1a(2)
Allow compression by itself for one answer.

Total 7

2 i 1 mark e.g. 1 'The set of characters' is repeating the

All the different characters a computer can question and not enough
represent

ii 256 1

iii 1 mark for working, 1 mark for answer 2 Ignore any overheads e.g. adding 10%
e.g.

2000 * 8 = 16000 bits

16000/8 = 2000 bytes
2000/1000 = 2 Kilobytes

iv UNICODE 1

Total 5

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

3 i 2 1 mark per row. Correct answer only. Do

a 1100001 not allow leading zeros.
e 1100101
Examiner’s Comments

This question was relatively simple in what

was being asked (the addition only affected
one bit per answer) but the context in
which it was presented was new. It was
pleasing that the majority of candidates
were able to extract the question from this
and present sensible, and in most cases
correct answers.

A common mistake was to end up with an

8 bit ASCII code despite the original code
only having 7 bits. This is perhaps more
due to time constraints of the examination
rather than any lack of understanding but
does illustrate the importance of checking
answers.

Another common issue on this question

was a small number of candidates writing a
0 but then overwriting it with a 1 (or vice
versa), leaving both visible; in these
circumstances it is impossible for
examiners to know which value was
intended as the answer and so it cannot be
marked as correct. Candidates should be
encouraged to clearly and neatly cross out
and replace their answer if they make a
mistake.

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

ii 1 mark per bullet, max 2. 2 Allow numbers (e.g. ASCII has 7 bits, Ex.
ASCII has 8 bits) for either bullet point but
these must be realistic.
Extended ASCII uses more bits //
ASCII uses fewer bits Bullet point 1 and 2 must be a comparison
Extended ASCII can represent more (e.g. “ASCII is 7 bits” is not enough on its
characters // ASCII can represent own).
fewer characters
… by example (e.g. extended ASCII Do not accept answers that are technically
can represent European symbols / wrong (e.g. “ASCII does not contain
other languages) symbols such as ?, !, #”)

Examiner’s Comments

The question here asked for a comparison

and the idea of discussing a point from
both sides was required to achieve the
marks. For example, stating that ‘ASCII
uses 7 bits’ is not a valid comparison, but
stating that ‘ASCII uses 7 bits whereas
Extended ASCII uses 8 bits’ or even just
‘Extended ASCII uses more bits that ASCII’
are both valid comparisons and would
achieve a mark.

A large number of candidates understood

the use of the character sets and also the
technical details behind them. Examiners
were instructed to be generous in terms of
the exact technical details allowed (e.g.
although 7 bits allows for 127 different
characters, values approximating this
would be accepted) although this was
expected to be sensible.

Total 4

4 Lossy means the decompressed file is not 2 1 mark for each bullet.
identical to the original… (1 mark for identification of the effect, one
…the difference is unlikely to be noticed by mark for an explanation)
humans
Lossy will decrease the file size …
… so it can be sent via e-mail

Total 4

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