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Lesson 4 Advance OSPF

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44 views12 pages

Lesson 4 Advance OSPF

Uploaded by

Kevin Peter L. Adaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Advanced OSPF

CCNP Enterprise: Core Networking


Content
This chapter covers the following content:
• Areas - This section describes the benefits and functions of areas within an Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF) routing domain.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
Areas
• An OSPF area is a logical grouping of routers or, more specifically, a logical grouping
of router interfaces.
• Area membership is set at the interface level, and the area ID is included in the OSPF
hello packet.
• An interface can belong to only one area.
• All routers within the same OSPF area maintain an identical copy of the link-state
database (LSDB).

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Areas
OSPF Areas
An OSPF area grows in size as the number of network links and routers increase in the area.
While using a single area simplifies the topology, there are trade-offs:

• Full shortest path first (SPF) tree calculation runs when a link flaps within the area.

• The LSDB increases in size and becomes unmanageable.

• The LSDB for the area grows, consuming more memory, and lengthening the SPF
computation process.

• No summarization of route information occurs.

Proper design addresses each of these issues by segmenting the routers into multiple OSPF
areas, thereby keeping the LSDB to a manageable size. Sizing and design of OSPF networks
should account for the hardware constraints of the smallest router in that area.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Areas
OSPF Areas (Cont.)
In essence, an OSPF area hides the topology from another area but enables the networks to be
visible in other areas within the OSPF domain. Segmenting the OSPF domain into multiple areas
reduces the size of the LSDB for each area, making SPF tree calculations faster, and decreasing
LSDB flooding between routers when a link flaps.

Just because a router connects to multiple OSPF areas does not mean the routes from one area
will be injected into another area. Figure 9-1 shows router R1 connected to Area 1 and Area 2.
Routes from Area 1 will not advertise into Area 2 and vice versa.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
Areas
OSPF Area 0 and ABRs
Area 0 is a special area called the backbone. By design, all areas must connect to Area 0 because
OSPF expects all areas to inject routing information into the backbone, and Area 0 advertises the
routes into other areas.

Area border routers (ABRs) are OSPF routers connected to Area 0 and another OSPF area. ABRs
are responsible for advertising routes from one area and injecting them into a different OSPF area.

Figure 9-2 shows that R1 is connected to Area 0, Area 1, and Area 2.


R1 is a proper ABR because it now participates in Area 0.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Areas
Multi-Area OSPF Configurations and Verifying Interfaces for ABRs

Figure 9-3 shows a larger-scale OSPF multi-


area topology. In the topology:
Example 9-1 shows the OSPF configuration for the ABRs R4 and R5.
• R1, R2, R3, and R4 belong to Area 1234.
• R4 and R5 belong to Area 0.
• R5 and R6 belong to Area 56.
• R4 and R5 are ABRs.
• Area 1234 connects to Area 0, and Area
56 connects to Area 0.
• Routers in Area 1234 can see routes from
routers in Area 0 and Area 56 and vice
Example 9-2 verifies that interfaces on R4 belong to Area 1234 and
versa. Area 0 and that interfaces on R5 belong to Area 0 and Area 56.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
Areas
Area ID
• The area ID is a 32-bit field and can be formatted in simple decimal (0 through
4,294,967,295) or dotted decimal (0.0.0.0 through 255.255.255.255).

• During router configuration, the area can use decimal format on one router and
dotted-decimal format on a different router, and the routers can still form an
adjacency.

• OSPF advertises the area ID in dotted-decimal format in the OSPF hello packet.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
Areas
OSPF Intra-Area and Interarea Routes
Network routes that are learned from other OSPF routers within the same area are known as
intra-area routes. In Figure 9-3, the network link between R2 and R4 (10.24.1.0/29) is an intra-
area route to R1. The IP routing table displays OSPF intra-area routes with an O.
Network routes that are learned from
other OSPF routers from a different area
using an ABR are known as interarea
routes.

Example 9-3 provides the routing table


for R1 from Figure 9-3. Notice that R1’s
OSPF routing table shows routes from
within Area 1234 as intra-area (O routes)
and routes from Area 0 and Area 56 as
interarea (O IA routes).

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
Areas
OSPF Inter-Area Routes and Interarea Routes (Cont.)

In Example 9-4, notice that R4’s routing table shows the routes from within Area 1234 and
Area 0 as intra-area and routes from Area 56 as interarea because R4 does not connect to
Area 56. The metric for the 10.123.1.0/24 and 10.3.3.0/24 networks has drastically
increased compared to the metric for the 10.56.1.0/24 network.

© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
Areas
OSPD Inter-Area Routes and Interarea Routes (Cont.)

Example 9-5 provides the routing tables


with filtering for OSPF for R5 and R6.

Figure 9-3. R5 and R6 only contain


interarea routes in the OSPF routing table
because intra-area routes are directly
connected.

External routes are routes learned from outside the OSPF domain but injected into an OSPF
domain through redistribution. External OSPF routes can come from a different OSPF
domain or from a different routing protocol.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11

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