10

TM

ADDITIONAL
PR ACTICE

MATHEMATICS
 1. Real Numbers
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. (a) Here, a = Dividend, b = Divisor, q = Quotient and r = Remainder
Using Euclid’s Divison Lemma,
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b
a = 3q + r
Here b = 3;
So, possible values of r = 0, 1, 2.
∴ 0 ≤ r < 3.
2. (c) LCM of 23 and 33 = 23 × 33
3. (b)
n+7 2n + 13 2
2n + 14
– –
–1 n + 7 –n – 7
n
–
0+7
+7
–
0
∴ HCF = –1
4. (d) The two numbers 51 and 34
Their L. C. M is
102 = 17 x 3 x 2
51 = 17 x 3
34 = 17 x 2
5. (a) 70 – 5 = 65
(b) 125 – 8 = 117
Now, we will compute the H.C.F. of 65 and 117.
(a) 65 (b) 117
_______ _______
5 | 65, 3 | 117
|_______ |_______
13 | 13 3 | 39
|_______ |_______
|1 13 | 13
| |_______
|1
|
13 is the only common factor of 65 and 117. Hence H.C.F. of 65 and 117 is 13.
Therefore, 13 is the largest number which divides 70 and 125 leaving the remainder of 5 and 8 respectively.
Let us check it.
(a) 70 ÷ 12 (b) 125 ÷ 12
Quotient = 5 Quotient = 9
Remainder = 5 Remainder = 8
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 WORKSHEET 1

Section A
1. Here, a is a dividend.
2. Number 13233343563715 is a composite number as it has more than two factors and a number
which has more than two factors is a composite number and it is also divisible by 5 besides 1 and
the number itself.
3. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
= 53 × 34 + 21
= 1802 + 21
= 1823
4. y = 5 × 13 = 65
x = 3 × 195 = 585
5. HCF (k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 5k) = k
6. Smallest composite no. = 4
Smallest prime no. = 2
∴ HCF (2, 4) = 2
7. 6n = (2 × 3)n
We know that a number ends with digit 0 only if it has both 2 and 5 as factors. As 6n does not have 5
as a prime factor, so, 6n does not end with digit 0.
8. P = ab2 Q = a3b
FACTORS OF P(ab2) =a×b×b
FACTORS OF Q(a3b) =a×a×a×b
so, LCM OF PQ =a×a×a×b×b
= a3b2
9. HCF of a =x3y2
b = xy3
a=xx x yy
b=xyyy
The highest common factors of a and b are
xy2
a×b
10. LCM (a, b) =
HCF (a, b)
1800
= = 150
12
Section B
11. Let a be a given positive number.
On dividing a by 4, let q be the quotient and r be the remainder.
Then,by Euclid’s algorithm,we have:
a = 4q + r where 0 < = r < 4
a = 4q + r where r = 0, 1, 2, 3
a = 4q + 2 = 2 (2q + 1)
It is clearly shown that 2q +1 is divisible by 2. Therefore, 4q + 2 is a positive integer.
12. Using Euclid’s Algorithm,
240 = 228 × 1 + 12
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3
 228 = 12 × 19 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, Divisor = 12
So, HCF (240, 228) = 12
13. If a, b are any two positive numbers
Their HCF (a, b) = h and LCM (a, b) = l then
a×b=h×l
Given
a = 253, b = 440
h = 11
l = 253 × R
Therefore
h×l=a×b
11 × 253 × R = 253 × 440
(253 × 440)
R=
(11 × 253)
R = 40
14. 3 × 12 × 101 + 4
= 4 × (3 × 3 × 101 + 1)
So, 4 is also a factor of 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 besides 1 and the no. itself.
So, 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 is a composite number.
15. Step by step explanation:
We have 1200,
We fist factorise the number “1200”.
1200 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5
We can see that 3 has no pair.
To make it a perfect square, we will multiply by 3 on both the sides.
1200 × 3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
√ 3600 = √ 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5
√ 3600 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
√ 3600 = 60
Hence, 3 is the smallest natural number by which 1200 should be multiplied so that to make it a perfect
square.
16. Factors of 1 to 10 numbers
1=1
2=1×2
3=1×3
4=1×2×2
5=1×5
6=1×2×3
7=1×7
8=1×2×2×2
9=1×3×3
10 = 1 × 2 × 5
LCM of number 1 to 10 = LCM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
= 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 2520
17. Let x and x + 1 be two consecutive positive integers.
If x is even, x + 1 is odd, so, x (x + 1) is even
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 If x is odd, x + 1 is even, so, x (x + 1) is even.
Therefore, the product of two consecutive positive integers is always divisible by 2.
18. 3 × 5 × 13 × 46 + 23 = 23 × (3 × 5 × 13 × 2 + 1)
So, 23 is a factor of 3 × 15 × 13 × 46 + 23 besides 1 and the no. itself.
Therefore, 3 × 5 × 13 × 46 + 23 is a composite number.
19. As least prime factor of a is 3, a is an odd no. (because if a is even then it’s least prime factor must be
2). Also, as least prime factor of b is 5, b is an odd no.
Therefore, a + b is even such that it’s least prime factor is 2.
20. No, two numbers can not have 15 as their HCF and 175 as their LCM because 15 is not a factor of
175.
(HCF of two numbers is always the factor of their LCM)
Section C
21. Using Euclid’s Division lemma.
a = 6q + r; o < r < 6
r = 0, a = 6q = 2 (3q), even
r = 1, a = 6q + 1 = 2 (3q) + 1, odd
r = 2, a = 6q + 2 = 2 (3q + 1), even
r = 3, a = 6q + 3 = 2 (3q + 1) + 1, odd
r = 4, a = 6q + 4 = 2 (3q + 2), even
r = 5, a = 6q + 5 = 2 (3q + 2) + 1, odd
So, any positive even integer can be written in the form of 6q, 6q + 2 or 6q + 4.
22. We know that any positive odd integer (say a) is of form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3
Case 1
a = 4q + 1
a2 = (4q + 1)2 = 16q2 + 1 + 8q = 8 (2q2 + q) + 1
= 8m + 1 (m = 2q2 + q)
Case 2
a = 4q + 3
a2 = (4q + 3)2 = 16q2 + 9 + 24q = 8 (2q2 + 3q + 1) + 1
= 8m + 1 (m = 2q2 + 3q + 1)
So, square of an odd positive integer is of form 8m + 1.
23. Consider 252 and 324.
Here, a = 324 and b = 252
by euclid’s division lemma
a = bq + r, 0 ≤ or = r < b
324 = 252 × 1 + 72
252 = 72 × 3 + 36
72 = 36 × 2 + 0
Therefore, HCF (252, 324) = 36
Now consider 36 and 180.
Here a = 180 and b = 36.
by euclid’s division lemma- a = bq + r, 0 < or = r < b
180 = 36 × 5 + 0
Therefore, HCF (180, 36) = 36
Hence, HCF (180, 252, 324) = 36

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 24. Using Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = 5q + r; 0 < r < 5
r = 0, a = 5q, a2 = 25q2 = 5m (m = 5q2)
r = 1, a = 5q + 1, a2 = 25q2 + 1 + 10q
= 5 (5q2 + 2q) + 1
= 5m + 1 (m = 5q2 + 2q)
r = 2, a = 5q + 2, a2 = 25q2 + 4 + 20q
= 5 (5q2 + 4q) + 4
= 5m + 4 (m = 5q2 + 4q)
r = 3, a = 5q + 3, a2 = 25q2 + 9 + 30q
= 5 (5q2 + 6q + 1) + 4
= 5m + 4 (m = 5q2 + 6q + 1)
r = 4, a = 5q + 4, a2 = 25q2 + 16 + 40q
= 5 (5q2 + 8q + 3) + 1
= 5m + 1 (m = 5q2 + 8q + 3)
So, square of positive integer cannot be of form 5m + 2 or 5m + 3. 2 40, 42, 45
25. Minimum distance each should walk so 2 20, 21, 45
that each can cover the same distance. 5 10, 21, 45
= LCM (40, 42, 45) 2 2, 21, 9
= 2520 cm 3 1, 21, 9
26. 7 × 19 × 11 + 11 = 11 (7 × 19 × 1 + 1) 3 1, 7, 3
So, 11 is also a factor of 7 × 19 × 11 + 11besides 1 and number itself. 7 1, 7, 1
So, (7 × 19 × 11 + 11) is a composite number. 1 1 1
7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 = 3 (7 × 6 × 4 × 2 × 1 + 1)
So, 3 is also a factor of 7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 besides 1 and number itself.
So, 7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 3 is a composite number.
27. Here, we have to find LCM (12, 15, 18) which 2 12, 15, 18
indicates after how long they all again toll together.
3 6, 15, 9
LCM (12, 15, 18) = 180
So, three bells will toll together after 180 minutes i.e. 3 hours. 2 2, 5, 3
3 1, 5, 3
28. Using Euclid’s division algorithm,
1170 = 650 × 1 + 520 5 1, 5, 1
650 = 520 × 1 + 130 1 1 1
520 = 130 × 4 + 0
So, HCF (650, 1170) = 130
Therefore, the largest number which divides 650 and 1170 exactly is 130.
1 1 3 – 2√ 2
29. Consider = ×
3 + 2 √2 3 + 2 √2 3 – 2√ 2
3 – 2√ 2 3 – 2√ 2
= 2 = = 3 – 2√ 2
1
3 – 2 √2
2

Let if possible 3 – 2√ 2 is rational

p
3 – 2√ 2 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
1 3– p
2 q = √2

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 p
Here, 1 3 – is rational but √ 2 is irrational which is not possible.
2 q
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, 3 – 2√ 2 is irrational.
1
i.e. is irrational.
3 + 2 √2
30. Using Euclid’s division lemma,
117 = 65 × 1 + 52
65 = 52 × 1 + 13
52 = 13 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 13
So, HCF (117, 65) = 13
To find : m, n
13 = 65 – 52(1)
= 65 – (117 – 65 (1))
= 65(2) + 117(–1)
= 65m + 117n
So, m = 2, n = –1
Section D
31. Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm, we get
256 = 36 × 7 + 4
36 = 4 × 9 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 4
So, HCF (256, 36) = 4
LCM (256, 36) = 28 × 32
= 2304
2 256, 36
2 128, 18
2 64, 9
2 32, 9
2 16, 9
2 8, 9
2 4, 9
2 2, 9
3 1, 9
3 1, 3
1, 1
Now,
HCF × LCM = 4 × 2304
= 9216
Product of numbers = 256 × 36
= 9216
So, HCF × LCM = Product of numbers

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 32. We know that every positive even integer is of form 2q and every positive odd integer is of form
2q + 1.
Case 1 n = 2q
Consider n – n = 4q2 – 2q = 2 (2q2 – q)
2

∴ n2 – n is divisible by 2
Case 2 n = 2q + 1
Consider n2 – n = (2q + 1)2 – (2q + 1)
= 4q2 + 1 + 4q – 2q – 1
= 4q2 + 4q – 2q
= 2 (2q2 + 2q – q)
= 2 (2q2 + q)
∴ n2 – n is divisible by 2.
From Case 1, Case 2, we get n2 – n is divisible by 2 for every positive integer n.
33. According to Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = 3q + r, 0 ≤ r < 3
For r = 0
a = 3q  a3 = 27q3  a3 = 9 (3q3)
= 9m (m = 3q3)
For r = 1
a = 3q + 1 a3 = 27q3 + 1 + 27q2 + 9q
= 9 (3q3 + 3q2 + q) + 1
= 9m + 1 (m = 3q3 + 3q2 + 2)
For r = 2
a = 3q + 2  a3 = 27q3 + 8 + 54q2 + 36q
= 9 (3q3 + 6q2 + 4q) + 8
= 9m + 8 (m = 3q3 + 6q2 + 4q)
Therefore, cube of any positive integer is of form 9m, 9m + 1 or 9m + 8 for some integer m.
34. (i) Greatest possible length of each plank
= HCF (42, 49, 56)
= HCF (2 × 3 × 7, 72, 23 × 7)
=7
So, greatest possible length of each plank is 7m. 2 182
13 169
(ii) HCF (182, 169) 7 91
13 13
= HCF (2 × 7 × 13, 132) 13 13
1
= 13 1
35. To find the no. of required baskets such that Each basket contains only one of the two fruits but equal
in number.
We will find the H.C.F i.e. highest common factor
H.C.F : The largest common factor of two or more numbers is called the highest common factor
Thus 990 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 4 × 5
945 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7
Thus HCF = 3 × 3 × 5 =45
Thus the no. of fruits to be put in each basket in order to have minimum no. of baskets = 45.
36. Let the three consecutive positive integers be n, n + 1 and n +2.
If number is divided by 3, remainder can be 0,

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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 or 2. i.e. n = 3q + r, 0 ≤ r < 3
If r = 0, n = 3q divisible by 3
If r = 1, n + 2 = 3q + 1 + 2
= 3q + 3
= 3 (q + 1) divisible by 3
If r = 2, n + 1 = 3q + 2 + 1 = 3 (q + 1) divisible by 3
So, one of numbers n, n + 1, and n + 2 must be divisible by 3 i.e. n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 3
Now, if a number is divided by 2, remainder is 0 or 1
i.e. n = 2q + r ; 0≤r<2
r = 0, n = 2q divisible by 2
Also, n + 2 = 2q + 2 = 2 (q + 1) divisible by 2
So, one of n, n + 1 or n + 2 is divisible by 2 i.e.
n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 2.
Since, n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 2 and 3
implies n (n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by 6.
37. (a) 2 420 2 180 2 378
2 210 2 90 3 189
5 105 3 45 3 63
3 21 3 15 3 21
7 7 5 5 7 7
1 1 1

So, HCF of 378, 180 and 420 is 2 × 3 = 6 2 378, 180, 420

And LCM of 378, 180 and 420 is 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 3780
3 189, 90, 210
So, let us check whether 3 63, 30, 70
LCM (378, 180 and 420) × HCF (378, 180 and 420)
7 21, 10, 70
is equal to the product of the three numbers
3780 × 6 = 378 × 180 × 420 2 3, 10, 10
22680 ≠ 28576800 5 3, 5, 5
Hence LCM × HCF is not equal to the product of the 3 3, 1, 1
three numbers. 1 1 1
Now HCF × LCM
= 6 × 3780 = 22680
Product of numbers = 378 × 180 × 420
= 28576800
So, HCF × LCM ≠ Product of numbers.
(b) Let if possible 2√ 2 is rational.
p
2√ 2 = q , p and q are integers, q ≠ 0

p
 √2 = q
p
Here, 2q is rational but √ 2 is irrational
So, we get a contradiction.
∴ 2 √ 2 is irrational.

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 2 √3
38. (i) Let if possible is rational.
5
2 √3 p
= q ; p and q are integers, q ≠ 0
5
5p
√ 3 = 2q
5p
Here, is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible, so we get a contradiction.
2q
2 √3
∴ is irrational.
5
(ii) 3 rational numbers between 1.12 and 1.13 are 1.1210, 1.1211, 1.1213.
3 irrational numbers between 1.12 and 1.13 are 1.121121112111..., 1.1221222..., 1.123123312333...

WORKSHEET 2

Section A
1. ∙ ∙
Here, denominator = 22 57 72. As denominator is not of the form 2m × 5n, so, the given rational number
has a nonterminating repeating decimal expansion.
2√ 45 + 2√ 20 6√ 5 + 4√ 5
2. =
2√ 5 2√ 5
10√ 5
=
2√ 5
= 5 which is rational.
3. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
15 × LCM = 45 × 105
45 ×105
LCM = = 315
15
4. Decimal expansion will terminate after 4 places of decimal.
5. HCF × LCM = 100 × 170 = 17000.
6. Here, denominator = 1500 = 22 × 3 × 53
As denominator is not of the form 2m × 5n, so, it has non-terminating repeating decimal expansion.
7. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
9 × 360 = a × 45
9 × 360
45 = a
72 = a
7
8. = 0.0112
625
95 15 95 + 150
9. + =
40 4 40
245
= = 6.125
40
10. Decimal expansion will terminate after 5 places of decimal.

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PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section B
11.
0.375
8 3
–0
30
– 24
60
– 56
40
– 40
0

∴ 3 = 0.375
8
12. Let if possible 5 √ 6 is rational.
p
5 √ 6 = q ; p, q are integers, q ≠ 0
p
=
√ 6 5q
p
Here, 5q is rational but √ 6 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contradiction i.e. 5 √ 6 is
irrational.
13. Let x = 1.41... (1)
x × 100 = 1.41 × 100
100x = 141. 1.41 (2)
On subtracting (1) from (2) , we get
99x = 140
140
x=
99
14. Maximum capacity = HCF (850, 680)
= HCF (2 × 52 × 17, 23 × 5 × 17)
= 2 × 5 × 17
= 170 l.
15. (i) (–1) + (–1)2n + (–1)2n + 1 + (–1)4n+1
= (–1) + (1) + (–1) + (–1)
= –2
–5 –5
3 13× 1
(ii) 23
=25 =
3 = 2 –5 =
2 32
13
16. The given rational number is
64
13 13 13
Now = 6 = 6
64 2 2 × 50
The denominator of the given rational number is of the form

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
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 2m × 5n, i.e. 26 × 50 0.203125
13 64 13.000000
∴ The decimal expansion of is of the form of terminating.
64 128
13
The decimal expansion of terminates after 6 places of decimal. 200
64
192
17. Using Euclid’s Algorithm.
4052 = 420 × 9 + 272 80
420 = 272 × 1 + 148 64
272 = 148 × 1 + 124 160
148 = 124 × 1 + 24 128
124 = 24 × 5 + 4 320
24 = 4 × 6 + 0 320
Here remainder = 0, Divisor = 4
So, HCF (4052, 420) = 4 0
3
18. Let if possible is rational
p √ 5
3
= q , p, q are integers, q ≠ 0
√5
3q
√5 = p
3q
Here, is rational but 5 is irrational which is not possible, so we get a contradiction.
p
3
∴ is irrational.
√5
19. Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm,
180 = 144 × 1 + 36
144 = 36 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 36
So, HCF (144, 180) = 36
We can write
36 = 180 – 144 (1)
= 36
= 39 – 3
= 13 (3) – 3
= 13 m – 3
m=3
20. 9n = (3 × 3)n
Since, prime factorization does not contain 2 and 5, so, it cannot end with digit 0.
Section C
21. Let if possible √ 3 + √ 5 is rational
p
√ 3 + √ 5 = q p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
√3 = q – √5
2
2 p
 √ 3 = q – √ 5

12 ADDITIONALTM
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 p2 2p
3= +5– √5
q 2
q
2p p2
= 2 +2
q √5 q
q p2
√5 = +2
2p q2
p2
q
Here, 2 + 2
is rational but √ 5 is irrational, which is not possible.
2p q
Therefore, √ 3 + √ 5 is irrational.
22. Let if possible 2 √ 3 + √ 7 is rational
p
2 √ 3 + √ 7 = q , q are integers, q ≠ 0
p
√ 7 = q –2 √ 3
p2 4p
7 = 2 +12 – √3
q q
4p p2
√3 = +5
q q2
q p2
√ 3 = 4p q2
+5

q p2
Here, 4p + 5 is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contradiction
q2
∴ 2 √ 3 + √ 7 is irrational.
2 2
2 √3 + √7 2 √3 – √7 = 2√ 3 – √7
= 12 – 7 = 5 which is rational
23. 5 × 7 × 13 × 17 + 289 = 17 (5 × 7 × 13 × 1 + 17)
Here, 17 is also a factor of 5 × 7 × 13 × 17 + 289 besides 1 and number itself. So, it is a composite
number.
Also, 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 225 = (7 × 11 × 13 × 1 + 15) 15
Here, 15 is also a factor of 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 225 besides 1 and number itself. So, it is a composite
number.
24. LCM (20, 30, 40) = 120 2 20, 30, 40
So, all the three bells will toll together 2 10, 15, 20
after 120 minutes i.e. 2 hours. 5 5, 15, 10
2 1, 3, 2
25. Using Euclid’s Division algorithm. 3 1, 3, 1
2058 = 378 × 5 + 168 1 1 1
378 = 168 × 2 + 42
168 = 42 × 4 + 0
Here, remainder = 0, divisor = 42
So, HCF (2058, 378) = 42
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 26. Let HCF = x
∴ LCM = 14x
LCM + HCF = 600
14x + x = 600
15x = 600 x = 40
We know that HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
40 × 14 × 40 = a × 280
40 × 14 × 40
a=
280
= 80
27. According to Euclid’s division lemma,
a = bq + r and 0 ≤ r < b
let a = Some integer
b=4
r = 0, 1, 2, 3
a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2, 4q + 3
Therefore, a is a positive integer if
a = 4q + 1, 4q + 3
28. Let if possible 7 – 2 √ 3 is rational.
p
7 – 2 √ 3 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
2 √3 = 7 – q
1 p
√3 = 2 7 – q
1 p
Here, 7 – q is rational but √ 3 is irrational which is not possible.
2
So, we get a contradiction
∴ 7 – 2 √ 3 is irrational.
Section D
1
29. (i) Let if possible is rational
√2
1 p
= q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
√2
q
√2 = p
q
Here, p is rational but √ 2 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contraction.
1
∴ is irrational
√2
(ii) Let if possible 7 √ 5 is rational
p
7 √ 5 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
√5 =
7q
p
Here, is rational but √ 5 is irrational which is not possible. So, we get a contraction.
7q
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 ∴ 7 √ 5 is irrational.
30. Using Euclid’s division algorithm
237 = 81 × 2 + 75
81 = 75 × 1 + 6
75 = 6 × 12 + 3
6=3×2+0
So, HCF (237, 81) = 3
Consider 3 = 75 – 6 (12)
= (81 – 6) – 6 (12)
= 81 – 13 (6)
= 81 – 13 (81 – 75)
= 81 – 81(13) + 13 (237 – 81(2))
= 81 (1 – 13 – 26) + 237 (13)
= 81 (–38) + 237 (13)
= 81x + 237 y
where x = –38, y = 13
31. HCF (96, 240, 336)
= HCF (25 × 3, 24 × 3 × 5, 24 × 3 × 7)
= 24 × 3
= 48
96
So, number of stacks of English books = =2
48
240
Number of stacks of Hindi books = =5
48
336
Number of stacks of Mathematics books = =7
48
32. (i)  AS we have to find 5 rational numbers between 1 and 2
 We can consider = 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
11 12 13 14 15
= , , , ,
10 10 10 10 10
11 6 13 7 3
= , , , ,
10 5 10 5 2
(ii) HCF (70 – 5, 125 – 8)
= HCF (65, 117)
= HCF (5 × 13, 32 × 13)
= 13
33. Let if possible √ 3 is rational
p
√ 3 = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
HCF (p, q) = 1
q √3 = p
3q2 = p2
3 divides p2  3 divides p
p = 3c
p2 = 9c2  3q2 = 9c2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
15
 q2 = 3c2
 3 divides q2  3 divides q
So, p and q have atleast 3 in common which is a contradiction to the fact that HCF (p, q) = 1
So, our supposition was wrong,
√ 3 is irrational.
34. According to Euclid’s division lemma, for any positive integer n, we have
n = bq + r, 0≤r<b
Take b = 5
n = 5q + r, 0 < r < 5
For r = 0
n = 5q, divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 4, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 8, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 12, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 16, not divisible by 5
So, for r = 0, only n is divisible by 5
For r = 1
n = 5q + 1, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 1 + 4
= 5q + 5
= 5 (q + 1), divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 1 + 8
= 5q + 9, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 1 + 12
= 5q + 13, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 1 + 16
= 5q + 17, not divisible by 5.
So, for r = 1, only n + 4 is divisible by 5
For r = 2,
n = 5q + 2, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 6, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 10
= 5 (q + 2), divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 14, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 18, not divisible by 5
So, for r = 2, only n + 8 is divisible by 5
For r = 3
n = 5q + 3, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 7, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 11, not divisible by 5
n + 12 = 5q + 15
= 5 (q + 3), divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 19, not divisible by 5.
So, for r = 3, only n + 12 is divisible by 5.
For r = 4
n = 5q + 4, not divisible by 5
n + 4 = 5q + 8, not divisible by 5
n + 8 = 5q + 12, not divisible by 5
16 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n + 12 = 5q + 16, not divisible by 5
n + 16 = 5q + 20
= 5 (q + 4), divisible by 5
So, for r = 4, only n + 16 is divisible by 5.
35. Let if possible n + √ m is rational
p
n + √ m = q , p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
∴ √m = q – n
p
Here, q – n is rational (as p, q are integers and n is rational) but √ m is irrational.
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, n + √ m is irrational.
36. To prove: √ p + √ q is irrational.
Let if possible √ p + √ q is rational
a
√ p + √ q = b , a and b are integers and b ≠ 0
a
√p = b –√q
On squaring both sides, we get
a2 2a
p= 2 +2– √q
b b
2a a2
√q = 2 +q–p
b b
b a2
√ q = +q–p
2a b2
b
a2
Here, + q – p is rational but √ q is irrational (as square root of a prime number is irrational)
2a b2
which is not possible.
So, we get a contradiction.
Therefore, √ p + √ q is irrational.
37. = 72/24 km/h = 3 km/h
Time = Distance/Speed
360
Time for 1st cyclist = = 180 hrs
2
60
Time for 2nd cyclist = 360 ÷ = 144 hrs
24
360
Time for 3rd cyclist = = 120 hrs
3
L.C.M of 180, 144, 120 = 720 hrs
720
Total Time taken in days = = 30 days
24
38. (i) In order to find the maximum number of columns in which they can march, we will
find HCF (32, 616).
32 = 25
616 = 23 × 7 × 11

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
17
 So, HCF (32, 616) = 23 = 8
Hence, maximum number of columns = 8
(ii) We know that for any two positive integers a and b,
LCM (a, b) × HCF (a, b) = a × b
LCM (306, 657) × HCF (306, 657)
= 306 × 657
LCM (306, 657) × 9 = 306 × 657
306 × 657
LCM (306, 657) = = 22338
9
39. (i) According to Euclid’s Division lemma,
a = bq + r; 0≤r<b
Take b=6
a = 6q + r; 0 < r < 6
For r=0
a = 6q
= 2 (3q) which is even
For r=1
a = 6q + 1
= 2 (3q) + 1 which is odd
For r=2
a = 6q + 2
= 2 (3q + 1) which is even
For r=3
a = 6q + 3
= 6q + 2 + 1
= 2(3q + 1) + 1 which is odd
For r=4
a = 6q + 4
= 2 (3q + 2) which is even
For r=5
a = 6q + 5
= 6q + 4 + 1
= 2 (3q + 2) + 1 which is odd
Therefore, every positive integer is of form 6q + 1 or 6q + 3 or 6q + 5.
(ii) LCM (x3 y3, x3 y5) = x3 y5
40. (i) 135 and 225
225 = 135 × 1 + 90
135 = 90 × 1 + 45
90 = 45 × 2 + 0
So, HCF (135, 225) = 45
(ii) 196 and 38220
38220 = 196 × 195 + 0
So, HCF (196, 38220) = 196
(iii) 867 and 255
867 = 255 × 3 + 102
255 = 102 × 2 + 51
102 = 51 × 2 + 0
So, HCF (867, 255) = 51
18 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

02 Polynomials
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
b2 > (a + c)2 = a2 + c2 + 2ac
1. (a) Let α, β be the zeroes of f(x)
b2 – 4ac > a2 + c2 – 2ac
∴ αβ = 3
b2 – 4ac > (a – c)2 > 0
K
= 3 Discriminant cannot be negative and positive
1 simultaneously.
K = 3,
∴ a cannot be greater than 0.
−3 7
2. (c) α + β = , αβ = c cannot be greater than 0.
4 4
−3 So, only possibility is c < 0
1 1 α+β 4 = −3
So, + = =
α β αβ 7 7
WORKSHEET 1
3. (d) both a and c. 4

4. (b) Let p(x) = 2x2 + 2ax + 5x + 10 Section A

As (x + a) is a factor of p(x), 1. b2 – 4ac = 0

∴ p(–a) = 0 f(x) has two equal zeroes

2a2 – 2a2 – 5a + 10 = 0 2. A quadratic polynomial is of form

5a = 10 k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes

a = 2  −1
= k {x2 –   x + (–3)}
5. (b) If c = 0,  2 
k
Discriminant (D) = b2 – 4a(0) = {2x2 + x – 6}
2
< 0 (as f(x) has no real zeroes) 3. Let p(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2 + x + 1
b2 < 0 not possible Remainder is p(1) = 1 + 1 – 2 + 1 + 1 = 2
So, c 0 4. A binomial of degree 6 is x6 + 4x2
If c > 0 5. 3x3 – x2 – 3x + 1
In the discriminant, b2 is positive. Discriminant = x2 (3x – 1) – 1 (3x – 1)
(D) will be negative only if a > 0 = (x2 – 1) (3x – 1)
Consider a + b + c < 0 = (x + 1) (x – 1) (3x – 1)
b<–a–c 6. a + b = 11, ab = 30
–b>a+c a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19
 = (a + b) [a + b)2 – 3ab] b = 3 + 2b – 3 b=0
= 11 (121 – 90) 11. p(x) = 3x2 – 6x + 4
= 11 (31) 4
α + β = 2, αβ =
= 341 3
α β 1 1
7. f(x) = 6x2 – 3 – 7x + + 2  +  + 3αβ
β α 2 β
= 6x2 – 7x – 3
α 2 + β2 α+β
= 6x – 9x + 2x – 3
2 = + 2  + 3αβ
αβ  αβ 
= 3x (2x – 3)+ 1 (2x – 3)
( α + β)
2
− 2αβ α+β
= (2x – 3) (3x + 1) = + 2  + 3αβ
αβ  αβ 
3 −1 8  
Now, f(x) = 0 x= , . 4−
2 3
= 3 + 2  2  + 3  4 
3 −1 4  
So, zeroes are x = ,  4   3 
2 3 3 3
8. p(x) = 4x2 – 5x – 1
= 1+3+4
5 −1
α + β = , αβ = = 8
4 4
−1  5  −5 1
α β + αβ = αβ (α + β) =
2 2
  = 12. Let the zeroes be α,
4 4 16 α
9. f(x) = 6x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 1 1 −13 1 6a
α+ = 2 , α = 2
α a +9 α a +9
−3 −1
α+β+γ= = 6a
6 2 So, 1 = 2 a2 – 6a + 9 = 0
a +9
−1 a2 – 3a – 3a + 9 = 0
αβγ=
6
1 a (a – 3)– 3 (a – 3) = 0
So, α β γ =–1
= –6
–1 –1
αβγ (a – 3) (a – 3) = 0
α2βγ + αβ2γ + αβγ2
a = 3
= αβγ (α + β + γ)
13. Let the two zeroes of the f(t) = kt2 + 2t + 3k
−1 −1 1 α and β.
= =
6  2  12 Sum of zeroes (α + β)
Product of the zeroes αβ
Section B
−2 3k
10. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder =
k k
x3 + 2x2 + 4x + b = (x + 1) (x2 + ax + 3) –2k = 3k2
+ (2b – 3)
2k + 3k2 = 0
= (x3 + ax2 + 3x + x2 + ax + 3 + 2b – 3) k(3k + 2) = 0
On comparing coefficients of x and constant 2
k=0
terms we get,
−2
a+1=2 a=1 k=
3
20 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 14. 2x2 + 2x –1 Or, r = (–p) (3p2 – 3q) – (–p)3
4x2 + 3x – 2 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 8x – 12 Or, r = 3p3 + 3pq + p3

8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2 Thus, r = 3pq – 2p3.

– – + Section C
8x3 + 2x2 + 8x – 12 17. α² + β² can be written as (α + β)² – 2αβ
p(x) = 2x² – 5x + 7
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x
a = 2 ,b = - 5 ,c = 7
– – + α and β are the zeros of p(x)
We know that ,
– 4x2 +12x – 12 –b 5
Sum of zeros = α + β = a =
– 4x2 – 3x + 2 2
c 7
+ + – Product of zeros = =
a 2
15x – 14 2α + 3β and 3α + 2β are zeros of a polynomial.
Sum of zeros = 2α + 3β+ 3α + 2β
15. Cubic polynomial is of form = 5α + 5β
{x3 – (α + β + γ) x2 + (αβ + βγ + αγ) x – αβγ} = 5 [α + β]
5
= k {x3 – (5 + 6 – 1) x2 + (30 – 6 – 5) x – 30} =5×
2
= k {x3 – 10x2 + 19x + 30} 25
=
2
16. Let the zeros of the polynomial be: Product of zeros = (2α + 3β)(3α + 2β)
a – d, a and a + d, so that the roots are in AP. = 2α [3α + 2β] + 3β [3α + 2β]
f(x) = x3 + 3px2 + 3qx + r. = 6α² + 4αβ + 9αβ + 6β²
The standard form of a cubic equation is: = 6α² + 13αβ + 6β²

x3 (a + b + c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x – abc – 0. = 6 [ α² + β² ] + 13αβ

= 6 [ (α + β)² – 2αβ ] + 13αβ
Comparing this equation with the given
polynomial:
We find:
=6
[ 2]
5 ² – 2 × 7 + 13× 7
2 2

3p = –(a – d + a + a + d)
⇒ 3p = –3a
[ ]
= 6 25 – 7 +
4
91
2

⇒ p = –a
3q – (a – d) a + a (a + d) + (a + d)(a – d)
[ ]
= 6 25 – 28 +
4 4
91
2

⇒ 3q = a2 – ad + a2 + ad + a2 – d2
⇒ 3q = 3a2 – d2
=6 [ ]
–3
4
+
91
2
–18 91
⇒ d2 = 3a2 – 3q = +
4 2
or, d2 = 3p2 – 3q –9 91
= +
And, r = –(a – d)a(a + d) 2 2
82
Or, r = ad2 – a3 =
2
= 41
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
21
 –18 –9 = (x2 + 3x + 1) (ax2 + bx + c) + px + q
= [Simplest form]
4 2
= ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + 3ax3 + 3bx2 + 3cx
a quadratic polynomial is given by :- + ax2 + bx + c + px + q
k { x² – (sum of zeros)x + (product of zeros)} a = 3
k {x² – 5 + 41}
2x 5 = b + 3a b = 5 – 3a b = –4
k=2
2 {x² – 5 + 41 ] –7 = c + 3b + a
2x
2x² – 5x + 82 is the required polynomial. –7 = c – 12 + 3 c=2

18. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 2 = 3c + b + p

x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 = (x2 + 2x – 3) Quotient 2 = 6–4+p p=0

+ Remainder
2 = q+c q=2–2=0
x2 + 1
x2 + 2x – 3 x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 So, Remainder = px + q = 0

x4 + 2x3 – 3x2 As remainder is zero, g(x) is a factor of p(x).

– – +
x2 + x – 1 21. Let f(x) = x3 + 2x2 + kx + 3
Remainder = f(3) = 21
x2 + 2x – 3
– – + 33 + 2(3)2 + 3k + 3 = 21
–x +2 27 + 18 + 3k + 3 = 21
3k = 21 – 48 = – 27
So, x4 + 2x3 – 2x2 + x – 1 = (x2 + 2x – 3) (x2
+ 1) + (–x + 2) k = –9

So, – (–x + 2) = x – 2 must be added to Now, we will find the quotient.

the polynomial f(x).
Dividend = x3 + 2x2 + kx + 3
19. 2x2 + 5
= x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 3
3x2 + 4x + 1 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 Divisor = x–3
6x + 8x + 2x
4 3 2
x + 5x + 6
2

– – –
x–3 x3 + 2x2 – 9x + 3
15x2 + 21x + 7
x3 – 3x2
15x2 + 20x + 5 – +
– – –
5x2 – 9x + 3
x +2
On comparing x + 2 with ax + b, we get 5x2 – 15x
– +
a = 1, b = 2
6x + 3
20. Let the quotient be q(x) = ax2 + bx + c and 6x – 18
remainder r(x) = px + q – +
Using division algorithm, 21
f(x) = g (x) q(x) + r(x)
So, quotient = x2 + 5x + 6
3x + 5x – 7x + 2x + 2
4 3 2

22 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 22. Zeroes are − 3 and 3 24. According to division algorithm,
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
So, factors are (x + 3 ), (x – 3)
x3 – 3x2 + x + 2 = g(x) (x – 2) + (–2x + 4)
i.e. (x + 3 ) (x – 3 ) is also a factor
x 3 − 3x 2 + x + 2 + 2x − 4
i.e. x2 – 3 is a factor of given polynomial. g(x) =
x−2
2x + 1 x − 3x + 3x − 2
3 2

=
x2 – 3 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3 x−2
2
x – x +1
2x3 – 6x
– + x–2 x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 2
x2 – 3 x3 – 2x2
– +
x2 – 3 – x2 + 3x – 2
– +
0 – x2 + 2x
+ –
For the remaining zero, x – 2
put 2x + 1 = 0 x – 2
−1 – +
x = 0
2
23. As 2 is a zero of given polynomial, x – 2 So, g(x) = x2 – x + 1
is a factor of the polynomial.
6x2 + 7 2 x + 4 Section D
x– 2 6x3 + 2 x2 – 10x – 4 2 25. f(x) = x2 – px + q
6x3 – 6 2 x2 α + β = p, αβ = q
– +
7 2 x2 – 10x Consider

7 2 x2 – 14x LHS
– +
α 2 β2 α 4 + β4
4x – 4 2 + =
β2 α 2 α 2β2
4x – 4 2
( α ) + (β )
2 2
2 2
– +
0 =
For other zeroes, α 2β2
2
6x2 + 7 2 x + 4 = 0  α 2 + β2  − 2α 2β2
 
=
( αβ )
2
6x2 + 3 2 x + 4 2 x + 4 = 0
2
3x (2x + 2)+4 2x+4=0 ( α + β )2 − 2αβ  − 2(αβ)2
 
3 2 x ( 2 x + 1) + 4( 2 x + 1) = 0 = (αβ) 2

(3 2 x + 4) ( 2 x + 1) = 0
p 2 − 2q − 2 ( q )
2 2
 
−4
−4 2 −2 2 =
x= = = ( q)
2

3 2 6 3
−1 − 2 p 4 + 4q2 − 4p 2 q − 2q2
and x = = =
2 2 q2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
23
 p 4 4p 2 = (x2 + 2x – 3) (2x2 – 3x – 2)
= 2− +2 = RHS = (x2 + 3x – x – 3) (2x2 – 4x + x – 2)
q q
= [x (x + 3) – 1 (x + 3)] [2x (x – 2) + 1
26. Let p(x) = x3 – 2x2 + qx – r
(x – 2)]
α+β+γ=2
= (x + 3) (x – 1) (2x + 1) (x – 2)
For α+β = 0 0+r=2
−1
r=2 So, zeroes are –3, 1, ,2
2
Also, αβγ = r Again consider x2 + 2x + k
2αβ = r = x2 + 2x – 3
αβ + βγ + αγ = q = x2 + 3x – x – 3

αβ + γ (α + β) = q = x (x + 3) – 1(x + 3)
= (x – 1) (x + 3)
αβ + γ (0) = q [As α + β = 0]
αβ = q So, zeroes are 1, – 3.
r 28. f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3
= q
2 α+β = 2
2q = r
αβ = 3
27. 2x2 – 3x + (–8 –2 k)
x2 + 2x + k 2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 (a) Roots are (α + 2, β + 2)
2x4 + 4x3 + 2kx2 Polynomial is
– – –
– 3x3 + x2(–14 –2k) + 5x + 6 k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
– 3x3 – 6x2 – 3kx
+ + +
= k {x2 – (α + 2 + β + 2)x + (α + 2) (β + 2)}
x2 (–8 –2k) + x (5 + 3k) + 6 = k {x2 – (α + β + 4)x + αβ + 2 (α + β) + 4}
x (–8 –2k) + x (–16 – 4k) + k(–8–2k)
2

– – – = k {x2 – (2 + 4)x + 3 + 2 (2) + 4}

x(5 + 3k + 16 + 4k) + 6 + 8k + 2k2
= k {x2 – 6x + 11}
Remainder = (21 + 7k)x + 6 + 8k + 2k2 (b) Sum of zeroes
As x2 + 2x + k is a factor of α −1 β −1
= +
2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6, α +1 β +1
So, Remainder should be zero ( α −1)(β +1) + ( α +1)(β −1)
=
(21 + 7k)x + 6 + 8k + 2k2 = 0 ( α +1)(β −1)
= 0x + 0 αβ + α − β −1 + αβ − α + β −1
=
On comparing coefficient of x, we get αβ + α + β +1
21 + 7k = 0 2αβ − 2
=
k = –3 αβ + α + β +1
Now, we will find zeroes of the two 6−2 As
=
polynomials. 3 + 2 +1
α+β=2
2x4 + x3 – 14x2 + 5x + 6 4 2
= = αβ = 3
6 3
= (x2 + 2x + k) [2x2 – 3x + (–8 –2 k)]
24 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
  α −1   β −1  2 5±2 2
Product of zeroes =    =
 α + 1  β + 1 2

=
( α −1)(β −1) = 5± 2
( α +1)(β +1) 30. ax³ + 3x² – bx – 6
αβ − ( α + β ) +1 x = –1, –2
= Put the values of x in Equation
αβ + ( α + β ) +1
We get,
3 − 2 +1 a(–1)³ + 3(–1)² – b(–1) – 6 = 0
=
3 + 2 +1 ⇒ –a + 3 + b – 6 = 0
2 ⇒ b–a=3 --------(1)
=
6 Now x = –2
1 a(–2)³ + 3(–2)² – b(–2) – 6 = 0
= ⇒ –8a + 12 + 2b – 6 = 0
3
A quadratic polynomial is of form ⇒ 2b – 8a + 6 = 0
k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes} ⇒ b – 4a = –3 --------(2)
from (1) and (2)
 2 −2 +1 b–a =3
= x x 
 3 3 b – 4a = –3
_ + +
k
=
3
{
3x 2 − 2x +1 } 3a = 6
⇒ a = 2 put in --------(1)
29. b–3=2
x2 – 2 5 x + 3
⇒ b = 5 now put this value in Equation
x– 5 x3 – 3 5 x2 + 13x – 3 5 ax³ + 3x² – bx – 6 = 0
⇒ 2x³ + 3x² – 5x – 6 = 0
x3 – 5 x2
– + Two zeroes are given (–1, –2)
(x + 1)(x + 2) = x² + 2x + x + 2 = 0
– 2 5 x2 + 13x – 3 5
⇒ x² + 3x + 2 =0
– 2 5 x + 10x 2 2x – 3
+ – x² + 3x + 2 2x³ + 3x² – 5x – 6
3x – 3 5 2x³ + 6x² + 4x
– – –
3x – 3 5 –3x² – 9x – 6
– + –3x² – 9x – 6
0 + + +
For other zeroes,
000
Consider x2 – 2 5 x + 3 = 0
Hence, another zeroes is
2 5 ± 20 −12 2x – 3 = 0
x = 3
2 ⇒ x=
2
2 5± 8
= 31. As zeroes of q(x) are also the zeroes of p(x),
2 so, remainder should be zero. (As q(x) is a

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
25
 factor of p(x) α = +4
x – 3x + 2
2
For α = – 4, –α = – (–4) = 4
x + 2x + a
3 2
x + x – 4x + 3x + 3x + b
5 4 3 2

For α = 4, –α = – 4.
x5 + 2x4 + ax2
– – – So, zeroes are –4, 4, 5
– 3x – 4x3 + (3 – a)x2 + 3x + b
4

(ii) f(x) = x2 – p (x + 1) – c
– 3x4 – 6x3 – 3ax
+ + + = x2 – px – (p + c)
2x3 + (3 – a)x2 + (3 + 3a)x + b
α + β = p, αβ = – (p + c)
2x3 + 4x2 + 2a
– – – Consider
(–a –1) x2 + (3 + 3a) x + (b – 2a)
(α + 1) (β + 1) = αβ + (α + β) + 1

Remainder = 0 = – (p + c) + p + 1

(–a –1) x2 + (3 + 3a) x + (b – 2a) = 0 =1–c

–a –1 = 0, b – 2a = 0 WORKSHEET 2
a = –1, b+2=0
Section A
a = –1, b = –2
1. f(x) has 2 real zeroes.
Now,
2. x2 + 7x + 12
p(x) = (x3 + 2x2 + a) (x2 – 3x + 2) + 0
= x2 + 3x + 4x + 12
= (x + 2x – 1) (x – 3x + 2)
3 2 2
= x2 + (x + 3) + 4(x + 3)
For other zeroes of p(x), = (x + 3) (x + 4)
Put x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 For zeroes of polynomial,
x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0 x + 3 = 0, x + 4 = 0
x(x – 2) – 1(x – 2) = 0 x = –3, x = –4

(x – 1) (x – 2) = 0 1
3. Let a, be the zeroes of p(x)
α
x = 1, 2 1 −a
α =
So, x = 1, 2 are zeroes of p(x) but not of q(x) α 5
−a
32. (i) p(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 16x + 80 1 =
5
Let the two zeroes be α, –α and the third a = –5
zero be γ.
4. f(x) has 2 distinct real zeroes
α + (–α) + γ = 5
5. Let p(x) =x3 + ax2 + bx + c
γ = 5 Let α, β, γ be zeroes of p(x)
Also α (–α) γ = –80 Such that α = –1
–α2 (5) = –80 αβγ = –C
80 (–1) βγ = –C
α2 = = 16
5 βγ = C

26 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 So, product of other two zeroes = C 9. f(x) = (k2 + 4)x2 + 13x + 4k
6. Quadratic polynomial is of form 1
Let the two zeroes be α,
α
k {x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
1 4k
 2 2 1 1 = α  = 2
2  −1  α k +4
= k x −  −  x +  
 3 4 3  4  k2 – 4k + 4 = 0
 2 5 1 (k – 2)2 = 0
= k x −   x − 
 12  6
k = 2
12x 2 − 5x − 2 
= k   10. x2 + 99x + 127
 12  α + β = – 99, αβ = 127
k
= (12x2 – 5x – 2) α, β are either both positive or both negative
12
7. 2y² + 7y + 5 = 0 If α, β are both positive then α + β = – 99 is
not possible
Here a = 2 , b = 7 , c = 5
α, β are 2 zeroes So, α and β must be negative.
–b –7
So sum of the zeroes = α + β = = Section B
ca 2
c 5 11. f(x) = x2 – px + q
Product of zeroes = αβ = =
a 2
Now just put the values α + β = p, αβ = q

α + β + αβ = (c + β) + αβ (i) Consider α2 + β2 = (α + β)2 – 2αβ

= p2 – 2q
–7 5 1 1 α+β p
+= (ii) + = =
2 2
α β αβ q
–2
= = –1 12. We know that,
2
–b
So required answer is –1 Sum of zeroes =
a
8. y α+β=5 ------(1)
9
8 also,
7 c
6 f(x) = -x2 + 2x – 3 Product of zeroes = a
5
4
αβ = k ------(2)
3 Given:
2
1 x
α–β=1 ------(3)
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 From (1) and (3)
-2 α+β=5
-3
f(x) = -x2 + 2x – 3 α–β=1 (on adding)
-4 _________
-5 2α = 6
-6
-7 α=3
-8 Put this in (3)
-9
3–β=1
In the above graph, for both the curves we can – β = –2
observe that the sign of c is negative only. β=2
Now put this value in (3)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
27
 αβ = k 2
2×3=k = 0 + 2  = −4
−1 
6=k
2α 2β
13. Quadratic polynomial is of form Product of zeroes = =4
β α
k {x2 – (sum of zeroes)x + Product of zeroes}
A quadratic polynomial is of form k {x2 – (sum
4+ 2 4− 2 of zeroes) x + product of zeroes}
Sum of zeroes = +
2 2 k {x2 + 4x + 4}
= 4
16. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
4+ 2 4− 2
Product of zeroes =     −b c
α+β = , αβ =
 2   2  a a
α 2
β 2
α +β
2 2
16 − 2 14 7 Consider + =
= = = β α αβ
4 4 2
So, quadratic polynomial is =
(
( α + β ) α2 + β2 − αβ )
αβ
 7 ( α + β ) ( α + β ) − 3αβ
 2
k  x 2 − 4x + 
 2 =
k αβ
= {2x2 – 8x + 7} −b  b 2 3c 
2
 − 
14. a  a2 a 
3x2 – x =
c
3x2 + x – 1 9x4 – 4x2 + 4 a
9x4 + 3x3 – 3x2 −b b − 3ac 
 2

=  
– – + c  a2 
– 3x3 – x2 + 4 17. As 1 is a zero of f(x),

– 3x3 – x2 + 4 so, (x – 1) is a factor of f(x)

+ + – –x2 – x + 6
– x + 4 x – 1 – x3 + 7x + 6
– x3 + x2
Quotient = 3x2 – x + –
Remainder = –x + 4 – x2 + 7x – 6

15. f(x) = x2 – 1 = x2 + 0 x – 1 – x2 + x
+ –
α + β = 0, αβ = –1 6x – 6
2α 2β 6x – 6
Sum of zeroes = +
β α – +
 α 2 + β2  0
= 2 
 αβ  For other zeroes of f(x),
 ( α + β )2 − 2αβ  put –x2 – x + 6 = 0
= 2 
 αβ  x2 + x – 6 = 0
 
28 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x2 + 3x – 2x –6 = 0 = 27 (4) = 108
x (x + 3) –2 (x + 3) = 0 1 1 α+β 4
And + = =
(x – 2) (x + 3) = 0 α β αβ 3

x = 2, –3
Section C
21. Let a – d, a and a + d be the zeroes of f(x)
So, other zeroes are x = 2, –3
a – d + a + a + d = 12
18. f(x) = x2 – 13x + k
3a = 12
Let α, β be two zeroes of f(x)
a=4
αβ = k = 40
Also, (a – d) a (a + d) = 28
So, f(x) = x2 – 13x + 40
(4 – d) 4 (4 + d) = 28
= x2 – 5x – 8x + 40
16 – d2 = 7
= x (x – 5) – 8 (x – 5)
d2 = 9
= – (x – 5) (x – 8)
d = +3
For zeroes of f(x), put f(x) = 0
Case 1 Case 2
i.e. (x – 5) (x – 8) = 0
a = 4, d = 3 a = 4, d = –3
x = 5, 8
So, zeroes are So, zeroes are 7, 4, 1
19. 2x2 – 2x –1
a – d, a, a + d = 1, 4, 7
4x2 + 3x – 2 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8
Therefore, zeroes of polynomial are 1, 4 and 7.
8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2
– – + 22. 19 8
10x2 + x –
8x3 + 2x2 + 7x – 8 3 9
3x2 – x + 1 30x + 9x + x2 + 2
4 3
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x
– – + 30x4 – 10x3 + 10x2
– 4x2 + 11x – 8 – + –
19x3 – 9x2 + 2
– 4x2 + 4x + 2
+ + – 19 2 19
19x3 – x + x
15x – 10 3 3
– + –
8 19
– x2 – x + 2
So, 15x – 10 must be subtracted from 3 3
8x4 + 14x3 –2x2 + 7x – 8. So, that the resultant 8 8 8
– x2 + x –
polynomial is exactly divisible by 4x2 + 3x – 2. +3 – 9 + 9
20. f(t) = t2 – 4t + 3 65 26
– x+
α + β = 4, αβ = 3 9 9

Consider Dividend = 30x4 + 9x3 + x2 + 2

α4 β3 + α3 β4 = α3 β3 (α + β) Divisor = 3x2 – x + 1
19 8
= (αβ)3 (α + β) Quotient = 10x2 + x–
3 9
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
29
 65 26 Coefficient of x
Remainder = – x+ ∴ Sum of zeroes =
9 9 Coefficient of x2
According to divisor algorithm,  3   −2 
Product of zeroes =    
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder  4  3 
Consider 1
= −
Divisor × Quotient + Remainder 2
Constant term
 19 8  8x 31 Coefficient of x2
= (3x2 – x + 1) 10x 2 + x −  − −
 3 9 9 9
8 19 2 8 2 3
= 30x4 + 19x3 – x2 – 10x3 – x + x+ = −
3 3 9 4 3
19 8 65 26 1
10x2 + x– – x+ = −
3 9 9 9 2
 8 19  Constant term
= 30x 4 + x 3 (19 −10 ) + x 2  − − +10  + ∴ Product of zeroes =
 3 3  Coefficient of x2
 8 19 65   8 26  Hence, the relationship between zeroes and
x + −  + − +  its coefficient is verified.
9 3 9   9 9 
24. f(x) = x2 – x – 2
= 30x + 9x + x + 0x + 2
4 3 2
α + β = 1, αβ = –2
= 30x4 + 9x3 + x2 + 2
Sum of zeroes = 2α + 1 + 2β + 1
= Dividend Hence verified.
= 2(α + β) + 2
23. f(x) = 4 3 x + 5x – 2 3
2
= 2 (1) + 2
Sum = 5 (8 – 3) = 4
Product = – 24 (8 × –3) Product of zeroes = (2α + 1) (2β + 1)
f(x) = 4 3 x + 8x – 3x – 2 3
2
= 4αβ + 2(α + β) + 1
= 4x ( 3 x + 2) – 3 ( 3 x + 2) = –8 + 2 + 1

= (4x – 3 ) ( 3 x + 2) = –5

For zeroes of f(x), put f(x) = 0 Quadratic polynomial is of form

k {x2 – (sum of zeroes) x + Product of zeroes}
(4x – 3 ) ( 3 x + 2) = 0
= k {x2 – 4x – 5}
3 −2
x= , Now, we need to find α3 + β3
4 3
– Coefficient of x = (α + β) (α2 + β2 – αβ)
Sum of zeroes =
Coefficient of x2
= (α + β) [(α + β)2 – 3αβ]
3 2 5
= − = − = 4(16 + 15)
4 3 4 3
3−8 5 = 4(31)
= = −
4 3 4 3 = 124

30 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 25. f(x) = 3x2 – 4x + 1 ∴ Remainder = 0
4 1 (a – 1)x + (b – 7) = 0
α + β = , αβ =
3 3
a = 1, b = 7
α 2
β2
Sum of zeroes = +
β α 27. Let α, β be the zeroes of f(x)
α + β3
3
b c
= α + β = − , αβ =
αβ a a
(
( α + β ) α2 + β2 − αβ ) Zeroes of the required polynomial are
1 1
,
=
αβ α β
Quadratic polynomial is of form
( α + β ) ( α + β ) − 3αβ
2

=  2  1 1 1 
αβ k x −  +  x + 
 α β αβ 
4 16   2 α+β
−1 1 
3  9  = k x −  x + 
=   αβ  αβ 
1
3   b 
 2  −  
16 − 9  28 a x + a
= k x −  
= 4 =   c  c
 9  9
  a  
α 2β2 1
Product of zeroes = = αβ =  2 b a
αβ 3 = k x + x + 
 c c
Quadratic polynomial is of the form k {x2 –
k
(sum of zeroes) x + product of zeroes} = {cx2 + bx + a}
c
 2 28 1 28. f(x) = x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 12
= k x − x + 
 9 3
As 3 , – 3 are zeroes of f(x), so (x – 3)
k
=
9
{
9x 2 − 28x + 3 } (x + 3 ) are factors of f(x).

x2 + x + 7 i.e. (x – 3 ) (x + 3 ) = x – 3 is a factor of
2
26.
f(x)
x2 + 1 x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b
factor of f(x)
x4 + x2
– – x–4
x3 + 7x2 + ax + b x2 – 3 x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 12
x3 + x x3 – 3x
– – – +
7x2 + (a – 1) x + b – 4x2 + 12
7x2 +7 – 4x2 + 12
– – + –
(a – 1)x + (b – 7) 0
As x4 + x3 + 8x2 + ax + b is exactly divisible by
For third zero, x–4=0
x2 + 1
x=4
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
31
 29. p(x) = 2x2 + 5x + k Given the reminder is (x + a)
5 k (4k – 25 + 16 – 2k) x + [10 – k(8 – k)] = x + a
α + β = – , αβ =
1 2 (2k – 9)x + [10 – 8k + k2] = x + a
21
Given: α + β + αβ =
2 2
On comparing on both sides, we get
4
21 2k – 9 = 1
(α + β)2 – αβ =
4 2k = 10
25 k 21
– = Therefore, k=5
4 2 4
k 25 21 Also, 10 – 8k + k2 = a
= – =1
2 4 4
10 – 8(5) – 52 = a
k = 2
10 – 40 + 25 = a
30. x + 2x + 3
2
Therefore, a = –5
x + 5 x + 2x + 8x + 12x + 18
2 4 3 2
32. f(x) = x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35
x4 + 5x2
– – Zeroes of f(x) are 2 + 3.
2x3+ 3x2 + 12x + 18 So, [x – (2 + 3 )], [x – (2 – 3 )]
2x3 + 10x are factors of f(x)
– –
3x2 + 2x + 18 i.e. [(x – 2) – 3 ] [(x – 2) + 3 ] is a factor
of f(x).
3x2 + 15
– – i.e. (x – 2)2 – ( 3 )2 is a factor of f(x)
2x + 3 i.e. x2 + 4 – 4x – 3 is a factor of f(x)
On comparing 2x + 3 with px + q, i.e. x2 – 4x + 1 is a factor of f(x)
we get p = 2, q = 3 x2 – 2x – 35

Section D x2 – 4x + 1 x4 – 6x3 – 26x2 + 138x – 35

31. x2 – 4x + (8 – k) x4 – 4x3 + x2
– + –
x2 – 2x + k x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10
– 2x – 27x2 + 138x
3
x4 – 2x3 + kx2
– + –
– 2x3 + 8x2 – 2x
– 4x3 + (16 – k)x2 – 25x + 10 + – +
– 4x3 + 8x2 – 4kx – 35x + 140x – 35
2
+ – +
(8 – k) x2 + (–25 + 4k) x + 10 – 35x2 + 140x – 35
(8 – k) x2 – 2(8 – k) x + k (8 – k)
+ – +
0
(–9 + 2k)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
For other zeroes
Remainder = (–9 + 2k)x + (10 – 8k + k2)
Put x2 – 2x – 35 = 0
=x+α
[x4 – 6x3 + 16x2 – 25x + 10] x2 – 7x + 5x – 35 = 0
and remainder = x+a
x2 – 2x + k
x (x – 7) + 5 (x – 7) = 0
On diving the above given equation, we get,
32 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (x + 5) (x – 7) = 0 x2 – x – 2
x = –5, 7 2x2 – 3 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6
So, other zeroes are –5 and 7. 2x4 – 3x2
– +
33. f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 2x + 24
– 2x3 – 4x2 + 3x + 6
Let α, β, γ be the zeroes of f(x).
– 2x3 + 3x
αβ = 12 ...(i) + –
– 4x2 +6
α+β+γ = 5
– 4x2 +6
αβγ = –24 12γ = –24
+ –
γ=–2 0
Also, α + β + γ = 5 α + β –2 = 5
For other zeroes of f(x)
α+β = 7 ...(iii)
Put x2 – x – 2 = 0
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0
α (7 – α) = 12
x (x – 2) + 1 (x – 2) = 0
7α – α2 = 12
(x + 1) (x – 2) = 0
α – 7α + 12 = 0
2
x = –1, 2
α – 3α – 4α + 12 = 0
2
35. f(x) = 6x2 + x – 2
α(α – 3) – 4 (α – 3) = 0 1 1
α + β = – , αβ = –
(α – 3) (α – 4) = 0 6 3
α 2 + β2 ( α + β ) − 2αβ
2
α = 3, 4 α β
(i) + = =
β α αβ αβ
If α = 3, β = 7 – α = 7 – 3 = 4
1 2 1 + 24
If α = 4, β = 7 – α = 7 – 4 = 3 +
= 36 3 = 36
So, zeroes of the polynomial are 3, 4 and –2. 1 1
− −
34. f(x) = 2x4 – 2x3 – 7x2 + 3x + 6 3 3
25 3 25
3 3 = ×− = −
− and are zeroes of f(x) 36 1 12
2 2
 1 1 α+β
 3  3 (ii) 2 +  = 2 
x+ x− α β
 ,
2    are factors of f(x)
2   αβ 
 
 1
 3  3 −6 
 x +   x −  is a factor of f(x) = 2 
 2   2   − 1 
 2 3  3
 x − 2  is a factor of f(x) 1
  = 2 
(2x – 3) is a factor of f(x)
2 2
= 1

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
33
 (iii) α3 + β3 1 1 5
= + − +2
= (α + β) (α + β – αβ) 2 2 4 4 2
= (α + β) [(α + β)2 – 3αβ) 1 5
= +2−
2 2
1 1 
= −  +1 5 5
6  36  = − =0
2 2
1  37  1
= −   So, is a zero of f(x)
6  36  2
37 f(1) = 2 + 1 –5 + 2 = 0
= −
216 So, 1 is a zero of f(x)
(iv) α β – α β
3 3 5 5
f(–2) = 2(–8) + 4 + 10 + 2
= α β (1 – α β )
3 3 2 2
= –16 +16
3
 1  1 = 0
= −  1 − 9 
 3   So, –2 is a zero of f(x).
1  9 −1  – Coefficient of x2
= −  9  Sum of zeroes
27   Coefficient of x3
1 8 8 1 1
= −  9  = − 243 = +1–2 =–
27   2 2
1
36. (i) Let p(x) = 8 =–
2
g(x) = 3 – Coefficient of x2
So, Sum of zeroes =
q(x) = 2 Coefficient of x3
r(x) = 2 Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a
deg p(x) = deg q(x) = 0 Coefficient of x
time
Coefficient of x3
(ii) Let p(x) = 15 1 1 5
= (1) + 1(–2) + (–2) = –
g(x) = 4 2 2 2
1
q(x) = 2 = –2 –1
2
r(x) = 7 1
= –3
deg q(x) = deg r(x) = 0 2
5
(iii) Let p(x) = 20 = –
2
g(x) = 3 So, sum of product of zeroes taken two at a
r(x) = 2 Coefficient of x
time =
Coefficient of x3
q(x) = 6 – Constant term
Product of zeroes
Here, deg r(x) = 0 Coefficient of x3
1 2
37. Let f(x) = 2x3 + x2 – 5x + 2 = (1) (–2) = –
2 2
1 1 1 5 = –1 = –1
f   = 2  + − + 2
2 8 4 2
34 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 – Constant term = [(α + β)2 – 2αβ]2 – 2(αβ)2
So, product of zeroes =
Coefficient of x3 2
 b 2 2c  2c2
Hence, relationship between zeroes and the =  2 −  − 2
coefficients is verified. a a  a
1 2c2
( )
2
38. f(x) = x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20 = 4 b 2 − 2ac − 2
a a
f(x) = (–2)3 + 13(–2)2 + 32(–2) + 20
1 4 2c 2
= –8 + 52 – 64 + 20
=
a4
(b + 4a 2 2
c − 4ab 2
c)−
a2
= 12 – 12 b 4 4c 2 4b 2 c 2c 2
= 4 + 2 − 3 − 2
= 0 a a a a

x + 2 is a factor of f(x) b 4 4b 2 c 2c 2
= − 3 + 2
x2 + 11x + 10 a4 a a
40. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 3x + 10
x+2 x3 + 13x2 + 32x + 20
a + (a + b) + (a + 2b) = 6
x3 + 2x2
– – 3a + 3b = 6
11x2 + 32x + 20 a+b = 2
11x2 + 22x b = 2−a
– –
a(a + b) (a + 2b) = –10
10x + 20
a(2) (4 – a) = –10
10x + 20
– – 2a (4 – a) = –10
0 8a – 2a2 = –10
2a2 – 8a – 10 = 0
For other zeroes of f(x),
a2 – 4a – 5 = 0
put x + 11x + 10 = 0
2

a2 – 5a + a – 5 = 0
x + 10x + x + 10 = 0
2
a (a – 5) + 1 (a – 5) = 0
x(x + 10) + 1 (x + 10) = 0 (a + 1) (a – 5) = 0
(x + 1) (x + 10) = 0 a = –1, 5
x = –1, –10 For a = –1, b = 2 – a = 2 – (–1) = 3
So, zeroes of f(x) are –2, –1, –10 For a = 5, b = 2 – a = 2 – 5 = –3
a = –1, b = 3
39. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
b c zeroes are a, a + b, a + 2b
α + β = – , αβ = = –1, –1 + 3, –1 + 6
a a
(i) α2β +αβ2 = αβ (α + β) = –1, 2, 5
c  b bc a = 5, b = –3
= a − a  = − 2 zeroes are a, a + b, a + 2b
  a
(ii) α4 + β4 = (α2)2 + (β2)2 = 5, 5 – 3, 5 – 6

= [α2 + β2]2 – 2α2β2 = 5, 2, –1

So, zeroes of the given polynomial are –1, 2
and 5.
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
35
 Chapter
Pair of Linear Equations
03 in Two Variables
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
a1 b1 c1
1. (c) The system of equations has no solution if 2. For no solution, = ≠
a 2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
= ≠ i.e k 5 2
a 2 b2 c2 =− ≠
6 2 7
1 1 4 i.e. k = – 15
i.e. = ≠
2 k 3
i.e. k = 2

3. (a) Y 2x + 3y = 12
4 B x–y=1
x=0
3
A x 6 0
2
y 0 4
1
x 10
X1 X y 0
–1
0 2x
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 +3 1
y=
–1 12 area of ∆ABC = ×5×3
C 2
15
1
=

–2 = = 7.5 sq. units

y

12
+
x

Y1
4. (c) Let number of coins of ` 1 = x and 10x + y + 27 = 10y + x
number of coins of ` 2 = y 9x – 9y = –27
∴ x + y = 50 x – y = –3 ....(ii)
x + 2y = 75 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
– – –
– y = –25 ∴ x + y = 9

y = 25 x – y = –3
So, x = 50 – y 2x = 6
x = 3
= 50 – 25
= 25 From (i), y = 9–x=9–3=6
5. (b) Let x be the tens digit and y be the ones digit. So, number is 10x + y
∴ x+y = 9 ...(i) = 10 (3) + 6 = 36

36 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 WORKSHEET 1 2 3 7
= =
8 a + b 28
Section A
3 × 28 4
1. 3x – y + 8 = 0, 6x – ky + 16 = 0 a+b = = 12
7
The given equations are 3x-y+8=0 and 6x- a + b = 12
ky+16 = 0. We have to find the point at which 6. The pair of linear equations has infinitely many
both the equations represent coincident lines. solutions if
For the lines to be coincident, a1 b c
= 1 = 1
Substituting the values, we get a2 b2 c2
10 5 k −5
Either or = =
20 10 k
k = 2 or k = 2
5  1 k −5
Therefore for k = 2, both the equations 10 =  2 = k
represent coincident lines.  
k = 2k – 10
2. Let number of girls be x and number of boys
10 = k
be y.
7. 2x + 3y = 7
x + y = 15 ...(i)
(a + b)x + (2a – b)y = 21
x=5+y x–y = 5 ...(ii) System of equations has infinitely many
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get a1 b c
solutions if = 1 = 1
x + y = 15 a2 b2 c2
x – y = 5 2 3 7
i.e. = =
a + b 2a − b 21
2x = 20
3 × 21
x = 10 4a – 2b = 3a + 3b, 2a – b = =9
7
y = 15 – x = 15 – 10 = 5 a = 56, 2a – b = 9
a = 5(1) 2 (5) – b = 9
3. General form of a pair of linear equations in
two variables x and y is a=5 b = 10 – 9
b=1
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
8. ax + by = c
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
lx + my = n
4. If a pair of linear equations in two variables
is consistent, then the lines are either a b
≠ will give unique Solution
intersecting or coincident. l m
aa bb c
5. 2x + 3y = 7 ≠=≠ = (infinite solution)
l l mm n
8x + (a + b)y = 28 aa bba bc
≠=≠ ≠ (no solution)
Given pair of equations has infinitely many l l mml m n
solutions if a b
≠ will give unique Solution
a1 b c l m
= 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
37
 Section B
9. The given equation is
2x + y = 4 Y
3y – 2x = 3 3
Now, let us find atleast two
2 C = (3, 2)
solutions of each of the above
equations, as shown in the
1
following tables. D = (0, 1)
E = (-3, 0)
B = (2, 0)
Table for 2x – y = 4 or y = 2x – 4 X1 X
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x 0 2 3 -x + 3y = 3 –1
y = 2x – 4 –4 0 2
Now table for 3y – 2x = 3 or –2
x+3
y= –3
3
x 0 –3 3 A = (0, -4) –4 2x + y = 4
x+3
y= 1 0 2 Y1
3
Here, the line intersecting at point C i.e. (3, 2)
The point which intersects at y axis are (0, –4) and D(0, 1)
10. 3x + 4y = 12 Y
6
6x + 8y = 48
5

x 4 0 4
6x
y 0 3 3
+
8y
=
48

x 8 0 2

y 0 6 1

X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3x
–1 +
4y
=
12
–2

–3

–4

–5

Y1
11. (i) x + 2y = –1 –2 – 4y – 3y = 12
(ii) 2x – 3y = 12 –7y = 14
From (i), x = –1 –2y y = –2
2 (–1 –2y) – 3y = 12 (Put in (ii) So, x = –1 – 2y

38 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = –1 –2 (–2)  2
= –1 +4 From (i), 28  −  + 5y = 9
 41
= 3 56
− + 5y = 9
2x y 41
12. + =2 ...(i)
a b 56 425
5y = 9 + =
x y 41 41
− =2 ...(ii)
a b 85
y =
x y 41
From (ii), we have = 4+
a b 1 1
14. Let = p, = q
 y x y
x = a4 +  ...(iii)
 b 2 1
2p + q = 12p + 4q = 1
Putting this value of x in (i), we get 3 6
Other equation becomes 3p + 2q = 0
2a  y y
 4+ + = 2 On solving equation 12p + 4q = 1 and 3p + 2q
a  b b
= 0, we get
 y y
24 +  + = 2 12p + 4q = 1
 b b
2y y 2 (3p + 2q = 0)
8+ + = 2 12p + 4q = 1
b b
3y 6p + 4q = 0
= –b – – –
b
6p =1
−6b
y = = –2b 1 1
3 p = =x= =6
6 p
 y
From (iii), x = a 4 +  From equation 3p + 2q = 0, we get
 b
 2b  1
= a 4 −  3   + 2q = 0
 b  6
1
= a (4 – 2) 2q = –
2
= 2a 1
q = − y=–4
4
13. 28x + 5y = 9 ...(i)
Now, we need to find a
3x + 2y = 4 ...(ii)
y = ax – 4
On multiplying (i) by 2 and (ii) by 5, we get
– 4 = 6a – 4
56x + 10y = 18
6a = 0
15x + 10y = 20
– – – a = 0
41x = –2 15. 2x + y = 35 (i), 3x + 4y = 65 (ii)
2
x = – On multiplying equation (i) by 3 and equation
41 (ii) by 2, we get

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
39
 6x + 3y = 105 And a2 = k, b2= 10, c2 = –18
6x + 8y = 130 For a unique solution, we must have
– – – a1 b1 c1
– 5y = –25 = =
a 2 b2 c2
y = 5 8 5 9–9
⇒ = =
From (i) 2x + 5 = 35 k 10 18–18
2x = 30 Now
x = 15 858 595
≠=≠
a b 10
kk 10 18
10
16. For unique solution : 1 ≠ 1
a 2 b2 ⇒ 8 × 10 = 5 × k
k 2
≠ 8 × 10
3 1 ⇒ =k
5
k 6
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ k = 8 × 2 = 16
For Infinitely many solutions: = ≠
a 2 b2 c2 Hence, the given system f equations will have
k 2 5 infinitely many solutions, if k = 16
= =
3 1 2.5

k=6
Section C
19. Let the two no be x and y
17. 2x + ky = 11 x 5
Therefore =
5x – 7y = 5 y 6
6×x=5×y
a1 b1 c1
For no solution: = ≠
a 2 b2 c2 6×x–5×y=0 ×5
2 k 11 30 × x – 25 × y = 0 ................(i)
= ≠
5 −7 5 (x – 8) 4
5k = – 14 Also =
(y – 8) 5
−14 5 × x – 40 = 4 × y – 32
k=
5 5×x–4×y–8=0 ×6
For unique solution: 30 × x – 24 × y – 48 = 0 ................(ii)
2 k Subtracting (i) from (ii)
≠
5 −7 y – 48 = 0
14 y = 48
k − x 5
5
Putting y = 48 in =
18. The given system of equation is y 6
x 5
8x + 5y – 9 = 0 =
48 6
kx + 10y – 18 = 0 48
x=5×
The system of equation is of the form 6
x=5×8
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
x = 40
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Therefore the two numbers are 40 and 48.
Where, a1 = 8, b1= 5, c1 = –9
40 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 a1 b1 c1 Y
20. = =
a2 b2 c2
2
Thus this equation has infinite solution
x = 0 and y = –2 1
x = 1 and y = 1 (0.667, 0)
X1 X
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
Both lines overlap, thus they are
3x – y–1
=2
having infinite solutions.
9x – 3y = 6
5 2 15 7 –2
21. − = −1, + = 10 (0, –2)
x+y x−y x+y x−y
1 1 –3
Let = p and =q
x+y x−y Y1
5p – 2q = – 1, 15p + 7q = 10 f(4) = 4³ + a.4² + 2.b.4 – 24 = 0
Using elimination method, we get ⇒ 64 +16a + 8b = 24
3 (5p – 2q) = –1) 15p – 6q = –3 ⇒ 16a + 8b = 24 – 64
15p + 7q = 10 ⇒ 2a + 1b = 3 – 8
– – –
⇒ 2a + b = –5 .........(i)
– 13q = –13
a–b=8 ........(ii)
q = 1
Solving eq.(i) & (ii)
x–y=1
2a + b = –5
From equation 5p – 2q = –1, we get a–b=8
_________
5p – 2(1) = –1
3a = 3
5p = 1
⇒ a=1
1
p = Substituting the value of a in eq.(ii)
5
x+y=5 1–b=8
⇒ b = –7
On solving equations x + y = 5 and
23. Let number of rows be x and number of
x – y = 1, we get students in each row be y. So, total number of
x – y = 1
students = xy
x +y = 5
According to question,
2x = 6 (y + 3) (x – 1) = xy

x = 3 y=5–3=2 xy + 3x – y – 3 = xy
22. x – 4 = 0 3x – y = 3 ...(i)
⇒ x=4 Again, (y – 3) (x + 2) = xy
f(x) = x³ + ax² + 2bx – 24 xy + 2y – 3x – 6 = xy

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
41
 –3x + 2y = 6 ...(ii) 25. Let digit at ten's place be x and digit at unit's
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get place be y
2(3x – y = 3) 6x – 2y = 6 So, number = 10x + y

– 3x + 2y = 6 According to question,
x+y = 5 ...(i)
3x = 12
x= 4 10y + x = 10x + y + 9

From (i) y = 3x – 3 0 = 9x – 9y + 9
= 12 – 3 x – y = –1 ...(ii)
= 9 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
So, Total number of students = xy x +y = 5
= 4(9) x – y = –1
= 36
2x = 4
24. 3x + 2y = 5
x =2
3x = 5 – 2y
From (i), y = 5–2=3
5 − 2y
x = So, number = 10x + y
3
To check : (1, 1) is a point on the 3x + 2y = 5 = 10(2) + 3
LHS = 3x + 2y
= 23
= 3(1) + 2(1)
26. Let the adjacent angle be x.
= 5
4
= RHS Other angle = x
5
So, (1, 1) is a point on the line 3x + 2y = 5 As sum of adjacent angles of a parallelogram is
180°,
x 1 3
4
y 1 –2 x + x = 180
5
Y 9x
= 180
3 5
20
180 ×5
2 x = = 100°
9
4
1 Angles are x, x
5
4
X1 X = 100, (100)
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 5
= 100, 80
3x

–1
+

27. (i) x – 2y = 2, 4x – 2y = 5
2y
=

–2
5

x 0 2 x 0 1.25
–3
y –1 0 y –2.5 0
Y1
42 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 4x + y = 180° ...(i)
Y
3 Given: 3y – 5x = 30 ...(ii)
From (i), y = 180 – 4x
2
So, eqn (ii) becomes 3(180 – 4x) – 5x = 30
1 540 – 12x – 5x = 30
17x = 510
X1 X
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x = 30
–1 From (i), y = 180 – 4 (30)
=2
2y = 180 – 120
x– –2
= 60°
–3 So, A = x = 30°
4x – 2y = 5
Y1 B = 3x = 90°
As the lines are intersecting, so the system C = y = 60°
of equations has unique solution and hence,
In ∆ABC, B = 90°, so it is a right angled
consistent.
triangle
(ii) 3x – 4y = 7, 5x + 2y = 3
Section D
29. Let speed of boat in still water be x km/hr and
x –3 1 x 1 2
that of stream be y km/hr.
y –4 –1 y –1 –3.5
So, speed of boat upstream = (x – y) km/hr
Y
4 Speed of boat downstream = (x + y) km/hr

3 According to question,
2 32 36
+ = 7
x−y x+y
1 40 48
+ = 9
X1 X x−y x+y
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 1 1
–1 Let = p, =q
x−y x+y
–2
So, we get equations as
5x

7
32p + 36q = 7 ...(i)
+2

= –3
4y
y=

3x
– 40p + 48q = 9 ...(ii)
3

–4
Y1 On multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 4, we get
160p + 180q = 35
28. In ∆ABC,
160p + 192q = 36
A + B + C = 180° (Angle sum – – –
property) – 12q = –1
x + 3x + y = 180° 1
q =
12

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
43
 i.e. x + y = 12 ...(iii) a2
ax =
1 a 2 + b2
From (i), 32p + 36   = 7
12  a
x = 2
32p = 7 – 3 = 4 a + b2
1 31. Let speed of X be x km/hr and that of Y be y
p = km/hr
8
x–y = 8 ...(iv) Time taken by X to walk 30 km
On solving (iii) and (iv), we get 30
= hours
x = 10 x
Time taken by Y to walk 30 km
y = 2
30
Speed of boat in still water = 10 km/hr = hours
y
Speed of stream = 2 km/hr According to question
30. ax + by = 1 ...(i) 30 30
= +3
(a + b)
2
x y
bx + ay = −1 ...(ii) 30 30
a 2 + b2 − =3
a 2 + b 2 + 2ab − a 2 − b 2 x y
= 1 1 1
a 2 + b2 − = ...(i)
2ab x y 10
bx + ay = 2 ...(iii)
a + b2 Also, 30 = 30 − 3
On multiplying (i) by b and (iii) by a, we get 2x y 2
15 30 3
abx + b2y = b = −
2a 2b x y 2
abx + a2y = 2 15 30 −3
– a +b
2
– – − =
x y 2
2a 2b
y(b2 – a2) = b – 1 2 1
a 2 + b2 − =− ...(ii)
x y 10
a 2b + b3 − 2a 2b
y(b2 – a2) = 1 1
a 2 + b2 Let = p, =q
x y
b3 − a 2b
= 2 So, equations (i) and (ii) become
a + b2 1
(
b b2 − a 2 ) p–q=
10
10 p – 10q = 1 ...(iii)
= 1
a 2 + b2 and p –2q = – 10 p – 20q = 1 ...(iv)
b 10
∴ y = 2 On solving equations (iii) and (iv), we get
a + b2
10p – 10q = 1
 b 
From (i), ax + b  2 2  = 1 10p – 20q = –1
a +b  – + +
b2
ax = 1 – 2 10q = 2
a + b2
1
a2 q = y=5
= 2 5
a + b2
44 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 So, equations become
From (iii), we get10 p – 10   = 1
5 1 12 1
p+ q =
10 p = 1 +2 = 3 2 7 2
3 and 7p + 4q = 2
p=
10 i.e. 7p + 24q = 7 .......(i)
10
x= and 7p + 4q = 2 ........ (ii)
3
10 On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
So, Speed of X = km/hr
3 1
20q = 5 q=
Speed of Y = 5 km/hr 4
1
32. a (x + y) + b (x – y) = a2 – ab + b2 ...(i) From (i), 7p + 24   = 7
4
a (x + y) – b (x – y) = a2 – ab + b2 ...(ii)
7p =1
Let x + y = p and x–y=q
1
So, equations (i) and (ii) becomes p =
7
ap + bq = a2 – ab + b2 ...(iii) So, we get 2x + 3y = 7 ...(iii)
ap – bq = a2 + ab + b2 ...(iv) 3x – 2y = 4 ...(iv)
On adding (iii) and (iv) we get, On multiplying (iii) by 3 and (iv) by 2 and
2ap = 2 (a + b ) 2 2 subtracting, we get
1 6x + 9y = 21
p = (a2 + b2)
a 6x – 4y = 8
From equation (iii), – + –
1 13y = 13
a (a2 + b2) + bq = a2 – ab + b2
a y = 1
a2 + b2 + bq = a2 – ab + b2
From (iii)
bq = –ab
q = –a 2x + 3(1) = 7
1 2x = 4
So, x + y = (a2 + b2)
a
x = 2
x – y = –a
34. kx – y = 2
1
2x = (a2 + b2) – a 6x – 2y = 3
a
b2 b2 a1 b1
2x = a + –a= (i) For unique solution : ≠
a a a 2 b2
k −1
≠
b2 6 −2
x =
2a k 3
a1 b1 c1
b2 b 2 + 2a 2 (ii) For no solution : = ≠
So, y = x + a = +a= a 2 b2 c2
2a 2a
1 1 k −1 2
33. Let = p and =q = ≠
2x + 3y 3x − 2y 6 −2 3
k = 3
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
45
 The system has infinitely many b = 250
a1 b1 c1 a = 750
solutions, if = =
a 2 b2 c2 Income of x = 6000
k −1 2 Income of y = 5250
i.e. = =
6 −2 3 2 3 7
=
Clearly, −1 ≠ 2 , 36. =
p + q 2p − q 21
−2 3
So, there is no value of k for which the given 2 3 1
= =
system of equations has infinitely many p + q 2p − q 3
solutions. 2 1 3 1
= and =
p+q 3 2p – q 3
35. Income is 8a and 7a expenditure is 19b and
16b p+q = 6 and 2p – q = 9
Saving is 1250 ( p + q ) + ( 2p – q ) = 6 + 9
8a – 19b = 1250 3p = 15
7a – 16b = 1250 p=5

19 × 7b = 1250 × 7 Put p = 5 in p + q = 6 or 2p – q = 9 , for getting

the value of q.
16 × 8b = 1250 × 8 q = 1.
133b – 128b = 1250 Given system of equations will have infinitely
5b = 1250 many solutions, if p = 5 and q = 1.

WORKSHEET 2
Section A
1. Y
7

4 1
Area of ∆ = ×6×6
y

2
=

3
x

= 18 sq. units
2

X1 X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1

–2

–3
Y1 x=6
46 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2. The system of equations has no solution if 14
a1 b1 c1 k
5
= ≠
a 2 b2 c2 5. The system of equations has a unique solution
1 2 5 a b
i.e. = if 1 ≠ 1
3 k 15
a 2 b2
k = 6
k –1
3. 3x + y = 1 and 6 –2
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1 k 3
a b c
Inconsistent ⇒ 11 = 11 ≠ 11 6. x + ky = 0 a1 = 1, b1 = k
a 22 b 22 c 22
a11 b11 c11 2x – y = 0 a2 = 2, b2 = –1
⇒ = ≠
a 22 b 22 c 22 They have unique solution when
⇒ 3 10
a1 b1
(2k – 3) (k – 1) ≠
a 2 b2
⇒ 3k – 1 2k – 1
1 k
⇒ 3k – 2k –1+1 i.e.
2 –1
⇒ k 1
–1
4. The system of equations represent intersecting i.e. k
2
a b –1
lines if 1 ≠ 1 It means for all values of k except k = , the
a 2 b2 2 2
5 equation will have unique solution.
k 7
7. Y

(0, b) 1
Area of triangle = ×a×b
2
ab
=
2

X1 (a, 0)
X

x y
+ =1
a b
Y1
8. As (3, a) lies on line 2x – 3y = 5 9. X + 2y – 8 = 0
2(3) – 3(a) = 5 3a = 1 2x + 4y – 16 = 0
1 Here, a1= 1, b1 = 2, c1 = –8
6 – 3a = 5 a =
3
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
47
 a2 = 2, b2 = 4, c2 = –16 12. Given,
a 1 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ....(i)
so, 1 =
a2 2
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 ....(ii)
b1 2 1
= = From eq. (i) and (ii) we have,
b2 4 2
c1 –8 1 a1 = 2, b1 = –3, c1 = –6
= –16 =
c2 2
a2 = 4, b2 = – 5, c2 = 2
a b c a1 2 1
Since 1 = 1 = 1 , the pair of linear equations Now, = =
a2 b2 c2 a2 4 2
has infinitely many solutions. b1 –3 3
= =
10. x + y = 14 b2 –5 5
c1 6
x = 14 – y [1] = =3
c2 2
Now a b1
Since, 1
a2 b2
x–y=4
∴ The given equation will have a unique
x=4+y [2] solution and the equation will intersect at
From [1] & [2] a point.
14 – y = 4 + y 13. Given,
10 = 2y 2x = 5y + 4
y=5
2x – 5y = 4 ....(i)
Now &
3x – 2y + 16 = 0
x + y = 14 x–y=4
–3x + 2y = 16 ......(ii)
x + 5 = 14 x–5=4
x=9 x=9 Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2, we get
Hence in both cases value of x and y r same 6x – 15y = 12 .....(iii)
so it is consistent –6x + 4y = 32 ......(iv)
Section B Adding (iii) and (iv) we get
11. – 4x + y = 1 ...(i) 11y = 44
6x – 5y = 9 ...(ii) y=4
On multiplying eq (i) by 5 and adding both
n
Substituting the value of y in (i) we get
the equations, we get
2x – 5y = 4
5(–4x + y) + 6x – 5y = 5 + 9
2x – 5 × 4 = 4
–20x + 5y + 6x – 5y = 14
2x – 20 = 4
–14x = 14
2x = 24
x = –1
x = 12
From (i), y = 1 + 4x = 1 – 4
Hence, x = 12, y = 4
y = –3

48 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 a1 b1 ⇒ k+1=± 9
14. For unique solution,
a2 b2
⇒ k+1=±3
6 2
i.e.
k 1 Case - 1 Case - 2
k 3 ⇒ k + 1 = +3 ⇒ k + 1 = –3
a b c
For infinitely many solutions, 1 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2 ⇒ k=2 ⇒ k = –4
6 2 3 17. Let the numerator be x and denominator be y.
= =
k 1 b2 x
2 3 So, fraction =
Clearly . so, there does not exist any y
1 2
values of k for which the system of equations According to question,

has infinitely many solutions. x +1 7

=
y +1 8
15. 99x + 101 y = 499 ...(i) 8x + 8 = 7y + 7
101x + 99y = 501 ...(ii)
8x – 7y = –1 ...(i)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
x −1 6
2x – 2y = 2 Again, =
y −1 7
x–y = 1 ...(iii) 7x – 7 = 6y – 6
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 7x – 6y = 1 ...(ii)
200 x + 200y = 1000
On multiplying (i) by 7 and (ii) by 8, we get,
x+y = 5 ...(iv)
56x – 49y = –7
On adding (iii) and (iv), we get
56x – 48y = 8
2x = 6 – + –
x = 3 – y = –15
From (iv), y = 5–x y = 15
= 5–3 From (i), 8x – 7(15) = –1
= 2
8x = –1 +105 = 104
16. The system of equations has infinite solutions
if 104
x = = 13
x + (k + 1)y = 5 8
18. a = 8 and b = 5
(k + 1)x + 9y = (8k –1)
Step-by-step explanation:
⇒ For infinitely many solutions As, a1 = 3, b1 = –a – 1, c1 = 2b – 1
a1 b1 c1
= = a2 = 5, b2 = 1 – 2a, c2 = 3b
a2 b2 c2
5 a1 b1 c1
1 k +1 As, = =
⇒ = = a2 b2 c2
k +1 9 8k −1
Part I
1 k +1 a1 b1
⇒ = =
k +1 9 a2 b2
⇒ (k + 1) = 9
2 3 –a – 1
=
5 1 – 2a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
49
 5(–a – 1) = 3(1 – 2a) x y
20. + +1 = 15
–5a – 5 = 3 – 6a 10 5
–5 = 3 – a x y
+ = 14
–8 = –a 10 5
2x + y = 140 ...(i)
Cancelling the minus sign from both the sides
x y
We get; Again, + = 15
8 6
8=a 3x + 4y
= 15
Part II 24
a1 c1 3x + 4y = 360 ...(ii)
=
a2 c2 From (i), y = 140 – 2x
3 2b – 1 On putting this value of y in (ii), we get
=
5 3b
On cross multiplication 3x + 4 (140 – 2x) = 360
9b = 10b – 5 3x + 560 – 8x = 360
–b = –5 –5x = –200
By cancelling minus sign from both the sides x = 40
We get, So, y = 140 – 2x
b=5 = 140 – 2(40)
Therefore, a = 8 and b = 5 = 140 – 80
19. 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 ...(i) = 60
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 ...(ii) Section C
a1 2 1
Here, = = 21. Let the fixed charge be ` x and cost of food
a2 4 2
per day be ` y.
b1 −3 3
= = According to question,
b 2 −5 5
x + 20y = 3000 (i)
c1 6
= =3 x + 25y = 3500 (ii)
c2 2 – + –
a1 b1 – 5y = –500
As ≠ , so, the system has a unique
a 2 b2 y = 100
solution.
From (i), we get x = 3000 – 20 (100)
On multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii)
from (i), we get = 3000 – 2000
4x – 6y + 12 = 0 = 1000
4x – 5y + 2 = 0 So, fixed charge = `1000
– + –
Cost of food per day= `100
–y = –10
y = 10 22. x + y = 1
From (i), 2x – 3(10) + 6 = 0
2x – 3y = 11
2x – 24 = 0
According to cross multiplication method,
x = 12
50 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 y 1 15p + 3q = 6
x =
=
−11 − 3 −2 +11 −3 − 2 6p – 3q = 1
x y 1
= = 21p = 7
−14 9 −5
y 1 1
x 1 , = p =
= 3
−14 −5 9 −5
∴ x–1=3 x=4
14 −9
x= , y=
5 5 From eqn (i), q = 2 – 5p
23. (i) 5x + 6y = 15 1
= 2–5  
4 −5  a1 b1  3
As ≠  ≠  1
5 6  a 2 b2  =
3
(ii) 8x – 10y = 30 ∴ y–2=3 y=5
4 −5 10  a1 b1 c1  1 1
As = ≠  = ≠  26. Let = p and =q
8 −10 30  a 2 b 2 c 2  x y
(iii) 8x – 10y = 20 So, equations become
4 −5 10  a1 b1 c1  p – 4q = 2
=
As =  = = 
8 −10 20  a 2 b 2 c 2  p + 3q = 9
24. For infinite solution
– 7q = –7
a1 b1 c1
= = q = 1
a2 b2 c2
2 a − 4 − 2b +1 From eq n
p – 4q = 2, we get
= =
4 a −1 − 5b −1 p = 2 + 4(1)
2(a – 1) = 4(a – 4) = 6
2a – 2 – 4a + 16 = 0 1
So, x= , y=1
–2a = –14 6
27. Let father's age be x years and son's age be y
a = 7, years.
2(–5b + 1) = 4(–2b – 1) According to question,
–10b + 8b + 2 + 4 = 0 2y + x = 70 (i)
–2b = –6 2x + y = 95 (ii)
b=3 From (i), x = 70 – 2y
1 1
25. Let =p and =q On putting value of x in (ii), we get
x −1 y−2
So, equations become 2 (70 – 2y) + y = 95
5p + q = 2 (i) 140 – 4y + y = 95
6p – 3q = 1 (ii) 3y = 45
On multiplying (i) by 3 and subtracting
y = 15
equations (i) and (ii), we get
So, x = 70 – 2y

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
51
 = 70 – 2(15) 6 8 1
+ =
= 70 – 30 x y 14
= 40 1 1
Let = p, and =q
So, age of father = 40 years x y
age of son = 15 years So, we get equations as
1
28. Let speed of train be x km/hr and speed of car 8p + 12q =
be y km/hr. 10
80p + 120q = 1 (i)
According to question,
Another equation becomes,
160 600
+ = 8
x y 1
6p + 8q =
240 520 41 14
+
x y = 5 84p + 112q = 1 (ii)
1 1 On multiplying (i) by 21 and (ii) by 20, we get
Let = p, =q
x y
So, we get equations as 1680p + 2520q = 21

160 p + 600q = 8 ...(i) 1680p + 2240q = 20

– – –
1200p + 2600q = 41 ...(ii) 280q = 1
On multiplying (i) by 30 and (ii) by 4, we get 1
q =
4800p + 18000q = 240 280
So, y = 280
4800p + 10400q = 164
– – – From (i),
7600q = 76  1 
76 1 80p + 120   = 1
q = =  280 
7600 100 3
i.e. y = 100 80p + = 1
7
From (i), we get 3 4
 1  80p = 1 – =
160p + 600  7 7
 = 8 1
100  p =
140
160p + 6 = 8 So, x = 140
160p = 2 ∴ A man can complete the work in 140 days
1 and a boy can complete the work in 280
p = days.
80
i.e. x = 80 30. Let father's age = x years
Sum of ages of 2 children = y years
So, Speed of train = 80 km/hr
According to question,
Speed of car = 100 km/hr
x = 2y (i)
29. Let time taken by one man alone be x days.
and
Let time taken by one boy alone be y days. x + 20 = y + 20 + 20
According to question, x – y = 20 (ii)
8 12 1
+ = On putting (i) in (ii), we get
x y 10
52 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2y – y = 20 3500
y = = 500
y = 20 7
∴ x = 2y = 40 From (i), 4x + 3 (500) = 2100
So, father's age = 40 years 4x = 2100 – 1500
4x = 600
Section D x = 150
31. Let Speed of car A = x km/hr Cost of one chair = $ 150
Speed of car B = y km/hr Cost of one table = $ 500
According to question, Therefore,
Cost of five chairs = 5 × 150
A B
4 4 = $ 750
x + y = 80
3 3 Cost of eight tables = 8 × 500
x + y = 60 (i) = $ 4000

A B 33. Let father's age = x years

Son's age = y years
8x – 8y = 80
According to question,
x – y = 10 (ii)
x – 10 = 12 (y – 10)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
i.e. x – 12y = –110 (i)
2x = 70
For another eqn,
x = 35
x + 10 = 2 (y + 10)
From (i), y = 60 – x
x – 2y = 10 (ii)
= 60 – 35
On subtracting eqn (ii) from (i), we get
= 25
From (i), y = 60 – x x – 12y = – 110

= 60 – 35 x – 2y = 10
– + –
= 25
– 10y = –120
So, Speed of car A = 35 km/hr y = 12
Speed of car B = 25 km/hr From (ii), x = 10 + 2y
32. Let cost of one chair be $x and cost of one = 10 + 24
table be $y.
= 34
According to question,
So, Father's age = 34 years
4x + 3y = 2100 (i)
Son's age = 12 years
5x + 2y = 1750 (ii)
On multiplying eqn (i) by 5 and (ii) by 4, we get 34. Perimeter of ABCDE = 21 cm
20x + 15y = 10500 i.e. AB + BC + CD + DE + AE = 21
20x + 8y = 7000 3 + x – y + x + y + x – y + 3 = 21
– – – 3x – y = 15 (i)
7y = 3500 As BE || CD and BC || DE,
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
53
 BCDE is a parallelogram 1 1
35. Let = p and = q.
∴ BE = CD (opposite sides of parallelogram) x y
So, equations become
i.e. x + y = 5 (ii) ap – bq = 0
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get ab2p + a2bq = a2 + b2
4x = 20 p q 1
= = 3
x = 5 a b+b −0
2 3
0 + a + ab
3 2
a b + ab3
from (i), 3(5) – y = 15 p q 1
= =
y = 0 (
b a 2 + b2 ) (
a a 2 + b2 ) (
ab a 2 + b 2 )
So, BC = x – y = 5 – 0 = 5 cm p 1
=
CD = x + y = 5 + 0 = 5 cm (
b a +b 2 2
) (
ab a + b 22
)
DE = x – y = 5 – 0 = 5 cm q 1
=
BE = 5 cm (
a a 2 + b2 ) (
ab a 2 + b 2 )
1 1
So, perimeter of quadrilateral BCDE p= q=
a b
= 4 × 5 (perimeter = 4 × side) = 20 cm ∴ x=a y=b
36.
Y
6 2x + y = 6,
x 3 0
5
y 0 6
4 2x – y = 2

3 x 0 1
y –2 0
2 (2, 2)

X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
2x
+y

–2
=6

–3
=2

–4
–y
2x

–5

–6
Y1
As the equations intersect at point (2, 2), so, (2, 2) is a solution of given set of equations.

54 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1
Area of triangle formed by lines representing these equations with the x – axis = × 2 × 2 =
2
2 sq units.
1
Area of triangle formed by lines representing these equations with the y – axis = × 8 × 2 =
2
8 sq units.
2 1
So, Ratio = = .
8 4
37. 2x + y = 2 x 0 1 2x + y = 6 x 0 3
y 2 0 y 6 0

Y
6 B (0, 6)

4
3

A (0, 2) 2

1
C (3, 0)
X1 X
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 D (1, 0)
2x
+y

–2
=6
2x
+y

–3
=2

–4
Y1

Vertices of trapezium are A(0, 2), B(0, 6), C(3, 0) and D(1, 0).
Area of trapezium ABCD = area of ∆BOC – area of ∆AOD
1 1
= × 3 × 6 – × 1 × 2 = 4.5 – 1 = 3.5 sq. units
2 2
38. Let the numerator be x and denominator be y x −1 3
According to question, =
y −1 8
y = 5 + 2x 8x – 8 = 3y – 3
–2x + y = 5 (i) 8x – 3y = 5 (ii)
For the other equation, From (i), y = 5 + 2x

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
55
 On putting this value of y in (ii), we get 39. mx – ny = m2 + n2
8x – 3 (5 + 2x) = 5 x + y = 2m
8x – 15 – 6x = 5 x y 1
2 =
=
2x = 20 2mn + m + n
2
−m − n + 2m
2 2 2
m+n
x y 1
x = 10 2 = 2 =
(m + n) m − n m + n
2

So, y = 5 + 2(10)
= 25 x 1 y 1
= 2 =
(m + n) m −n
2
2
m+n m+n
x 10
(m + n)
2
So, Fraction = = m 2 − n2
y 25 x= y=
m+n m+n
=m+n =m–n

40. (a – b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – 2ab – b2

(a + b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – b2
x y 1
= =
( a + b ) ( −a 2
) − ( a + b ) ( a + b ) ( −a
−b 2 2
+ 2ab + b 2
) − ( a − b )( a + b ) − ( a + b ) 2

( −a 2
+ 2ab + b ) 2
( a − b ) ( −a 2
− b2 )
x y 1
= = 2
−a − ab − a 2b − b3
3 2
−a + 2a b + ab − a b + 2ab + b
3 2 2 2 2 3
a − b − a − b 2 − 2ab
2 2

+a3 − 2a 2b − ab 2 + a 2b +a3 + ab 2 − a 2b − b3
−2ab 2 − b3
x y 1
2 =
=
−2b − 2a b − 4ab
3 2
4ab 2
−2b − 2ab
2

−2b3 − 2a 2b − 4ab 2
x =
−2b 2 − 2ab
(
−2b b 2 + a 2 + 2ab )
=
−2b ( b + a )
= a+b
y 1
Also, 2 =
4ab −2b ( a + b )
−2ab
y =
a+b

56 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

04 Quadratic Equations
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
q = 0
1
1. (b) As x = − is a solution of 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0
2 2 Also, q is a root
 1  1 ∴ q2 – pq + q = 0
∴ 3  −  + 2k  −  − 3 = 0
 2  2
3 q (q – p + 1) = 0
−k −3 = 0
4 q=0 or q = p–1
3
k = −3 ∴ q = p–1
4
3 −12 p = q+1
=
4 = 0+1
−9
= = 1
4
2. (b) Equation has no real roots if D < 0 So, p = 1, q = 0
i.e. b2 – 4ac < 0
WORKSHEET 1
i.e. b – 4 (1) (1) < 0
2

i.e. b2 – 4 < 0 Section A

1. x2 – 7x + 12
i.e. (b + 2) (b – 2) < 0
x2 – 3x – 4x + 12
i.e. –2 < b < 2
x (x – 3) – 4 (x – 3)
3. (d) let α, β be the roots then αβ = 3
αβ = 3 (x – 3) ( x – 4)

(1) β = 3 (∴ α = 1) 2. 2x2 + 3x – 4 = 0

αβ = 3 b2 – 4ac = 9 – 4(2) (–4)

= 9 + 32
4. (a) 3 3x 2 +10x + 3 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac = 41 > 0
As b2 – 4ac > 0
= (10)2 – 4 (3 3 / 3 )
The equation has real and distinct roots.
= 100 – 36
3. 3x2 + 13x + 14 = 0
= 64
LHS = 3x2 + 13x + 14
5. (a) x – px – q = 0
2

= 3(–2)2 + 13 (–2) + 14 (put x = –2)

As p is the root
= 12 – 26 + 14
∴ p2 – p2 + q = 0

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
57
 = 0 k2 = 456
= RHS k = ±2 114
So, x = –2 is a root of 3x2 + 13x + 4 = 0
8. bx2 – 2 ac x + 6 = 0
4. x2 – 3x – 1 = 0
The equation has equal roots if discriminant
LHS = x – 3x – 1
2
=0
= 12 – 3(1) – 1 (Put x = 1)
( 2 ac )
2
i.e. – 4(b)(b) = 0
= 1–3–1
4ac – 4b2 = 0
= –3 RHS (= 0)
b2 = ac
So, x = 1 is not a solution of equation x2 –
3x – 1 = 0 Section B
5. x – 3x – 10 = 0
2
9. Using quadratic formula,
D = b2 – 4ac General form ax2 + bx + c = 0
= (–3)2 – 4(1) (–10) D = b2 –4ac
= 9 + 40 −b ± D
Solution is x =
2a
= 49
Equation is 16x2 – 24x – 1 = 0

6. Let 6 + 6 + 6 + ... = x Where, a = 16, b = –24, c = –71

D = b2 –4a
6+x = x
On squaring both sides, we get D = (–24)2 – 4(16)(–1)

6 + x = x2 D = 576 + 64

x2 – x – 6 = 0 D = 640
−b ± D
x2 – 3x + 2x – 6 = 0 Solution is x =
2a
x (x – 3) + 2 (x – 3) = 0 − ( −24 ) ± 640
x=
(x – 3) (x + 2) = 0 2 (16 )
x = 3, x = – 2
x = 24 ± 8 10
16
As value of 6 + 6 + 6 + ... cannot be
negative, so, x = 3 3 ± 10
x=
4
7. 3x2 – kx + 38 = 0 3 + 310
+ 10 3 − 310
− 10
Therefore, the roots are x = ,
4 4 4 4
The quadratic equation has equal roots
1 2 6
if D = 0 10. + =
x − 2 x −1 x
i.e. b2 – 4ac = 0 x −1 + 2x − 4 6
=
i.e. k2 – 4(3) (38) = 0 ( x −1)( x − 2 ) x
k2 – 456 = 0 x (3x – 5) = 6 (x – 1) (x – 2)

58 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 3x2 – 5x = 6(x2 – 3x + 2) ⇒ 2 (k² + 144 – 24 k) = k – 12
3x2 – 5x = 6x2 – 18x + 12 ⇒ 2 k² + 288 – 48 k = k – 12
0 = 3x2 – 13x + 12 ⇒ 2 k² – 49 k + 300 = 0
⇒ 2 k² – 25 k – 24 k + 300 = 0
0 = 3x2 – 9x – 4x + 12
⇒ k (2 k – 25) – 12 (2 k – 25) = 0
0 = 3x (x – 3) – 4(x – 3)
⇒ (2 k – 25)(k – 12) = 0
0 = (3x – 4) (x – 3)
Either :
3x – 4 = 0, x–3=0 k – 12 = 0
4 ⇒ k = 12
x= , x=3
3 or :
11. x – 2ax + a – b = 0
2 2 2
2 k – 25 = 0
x2 + [(–a –b) + (– a + b)] x + (a + b) (a – b) = 0 ⇒ 2 k = 25
25
x2 – (a + b) x – (a – b) x + (a + b) (a – b) = 0 ⇒ k= = 12.5
2
x [x – (a + b)] – (a – b) [x – (a + b)] = 0 The value of k is 12 or 12.5
[x – (a – b)] [x – (a + b)] = 0 14. 12abx2 – (9a2 – 8b2)x – 6ab = 0
x – (a – b) = 0 or x – (a + b) = 0 12abx2 + (–9a2 + 8b2)x – 6ab = 0
x=a–b or x=a+b −b ± b2 − 4ac
x=
12. 4x2 – 4a2x + (a4 – b4) = 0 2a
–(-9a2+8b2) ± √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
4x + [–2 (a – b ) – 2 (a + b )] x + (a – b )
2 2 2 2 2 4 4 x=
2(12ab)
=0
–(-9a2+8b2) + √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
4x2 – 2 (a2 – b2) x – 2(a2 +b2) x + (a2 – b2) x=
(a2 + b2) = 0 2(12ab)
3a
⇒ x=
2x [2x – a2 – b2] – (a2 + b2) (2x – a2 – b2) = 0 4b
–(-9a +8b2) – √(-9a2+8b2)2 – 4(12ab)(-6ab)
2
[2x – (a2 – b2)] [2x – (a2 + b2)] = 0 x=
2(12ab)
2x – (a2 – b2) = 0 or 2x (a2 + b2) = 0 –2b
⇒ x=
3a
−b 2 + a 2 a 2 + b2 15. Let the two numbers be x and 16 – x.
x= or x =
2 2
According to question,
13. Given
1 1 1
(k – 12)x² – 2 (k – 12)x + 2 = 0 + =
x 16 − x 3
Comparing with a x² + b x + c = 0 we get :-
16 − x + x 1
a = k – 12, b = – 2 (k – 12), c = 2 =
x (16 − x ) 3
The equation has equal roots! 48 = 16x – x2
So b² = 4ac
x2 – 16x + 48 = 0
⇒ (–2 (k – 12) )² = 2 (k – 12)
x2 – 12x – 4x + 48 = 0
⇒ (–2)² (k – 12)² = 2 (k – 12)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
59
 x (x – 12) – 4 (x – 12) = 0 x −7−x −4 11
=
(x – 4) (x – 12) = 0 ( x + 4 )( x − 7 ) 30
x = 4, 12 −11 11
=
If x = 4, Other number = 16 – 4 = 12 x − 3x − 28
2
30
−1 1
if x = 12, Other number = 16 – 12 = 4 =
x − 3x − 28
2
30
1 1
16. x+ = 11 x2 – 3x – 28 + 30 = 0
x 11
x +1
2
122 x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
=
x 11 x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0
11(x + 1) = 122 x
2

x (x – 2) – 1 (x – 2) = 0
11x2 – 122x + 11 = 0
(x –1) (x – 2) = 0
11x2 – x – 121x + 11 = 0
x = 1, 2
x (11x – 1) – 11 (11x – 1) = 0
19. Le the smaller side and larger side be x cm
(11x – 1) (x – 11) = 0 and y cm respectively.
11x – 1 = 0 or x – 11 = 0 Hypotenuse = 3 5 cm
1
(3 5 )
2
x= or x = 11 So, x2 + y2 =
11
x2 + y2 = 45 (i)
Section C
If smaller side is tripled and the larger side is
17. Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of
doubled,
equations x2 + 2cx + ab = 0 and x2 – 2(a + b)
x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0 respectively. (3x)2 + (2y)2 = (15)2
x2 + 2cx + ab = 0 9x2 + 4y2 = 225 (ii)
D1 = (2c)2 – 4 (1) (ab) From (i), x2 = 45 – y2
= 4c2 – 4ab So, we get 9(45 – y2) + 4y2 = 225
= 4 (c2 – ab) 405 – 9y2 + 4y2 = 225
As roots are real and unequal, 5y2 = 180
so D1 > 0 180
y2 = = 36
c2 – ab > 0 (i) 5
y = +6
x2 – 2(a + b) x + a2 + b2 + 2c2 = 0
For y = – 6, x2 = 45 – 36 = 9
D2 = 4 (a + b) – 4(1) (a + b + 2c )
2 2 2 2
x=+3
= 8ab – 8c2
For y = 6, x2 = 45 – 36 = 9
= – 8 (c – ab) < 0 [From (i)]
2
x=+3
So, the given equation has no real roots.
As length cannot be negative,
1 1 11
18. − = So, y = – 6, x = – 3 rejected
x +4 x −7 30
60 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ x = 3, y = 6 For no real roots, D < 0
Length of smaller side = 3 cm i.e. D 0 i.e. ad bc
Length of larger side = 6 cm 22. As 2 is a root of the quadratic equation
3x2 + px – 8 = 0,
20. As x = – 2 is a root of equation
3(2)2 + p(2) – 8 = 0
3x2 + 7x + p = 0, we have
12 + 2p – 8 = 0
3(–2)2 + 7 (–2) + p = 0
2p = –4
12 – 14 + p = 0
p = –2
p = 2
∴Other equation becomes
x2 + k (4x + k – 1) + p = 0
4x2 – 2(–2) x + k = 0
x2 + k (4x + k – 1) + 2 = 0 (Put p = 2)
4x2 + 4x + k = 0
x2 + (4k)x + k2 – k + 2 = 0
As roots are equal,
As roots are equal,
Discriminant (D) = 0
Discriminant (D) = 0
i.e. 16 – 4(4) (k) = 0
(4k)2 – 4(k2 – k + 2) = 0
16 – 16k = 0
16k2 – 4k2 + 4k – 8 = 0
k = 1
12k2 + 4k – 8 = 0
23. (x – a) (x – b) + (x – b) (x – c) + (x – c)
3k2 + k – 2 = 0
(x – a) = 0
3k2 + 3k – 2k – 2 = 0
x2 – bx – ax + ab + x2 – cx – bx + bc +
3k (k + 1) – 2 (k + 1) = 0 x2 – ax – cx + ac = 0
(3k – 2) (k + 1) = 0 3x2 – 2bx – 2ax – 2cx + ab + bc + ca = 0
3k – 2 = 0 or k + 1 = 0 3x2 – 2 (a + b + c) x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0
2 Discriminant (D)
k= or k = –1
3
21. x2 (a2 + b2) + 2 (ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 = 4 (a + b + c)2 – 12 (ab + bc + ca)

Consider = 4 (a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac – 3ab

– 3bc – 3ca)
Discriminant (D)
= 4 (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
= 4 (ac + bd) – 4 (a + b ) (c + d )
2 2 2 2 2
= 2 (2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2ac)
= 4 (a c + b d + 2abcd) – 4 (a c + a d
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

+ b2c2 + b2d2) = 2 [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2]

= 8 abcd – 4a2d2 – 4b2c2 D = 2 [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2] > 0

= –4 [(ad)2 +(bc)2 – 2 abcd) As D > 0, so roots are real.

= –4 (ad – bc)2 Roots are equal if D = 0

<0 i.e. 2[(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (a – c)2] = 0

i.e. a – b = 0, b – c = 0, a – c = 0,
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
61
 a = b, b = c, a=c x 2 − 7x +11 5
=
i.e. a = b = c. x − 8x +15
2
3
24. Let the two numbers be x and y such that 3x2 – 21x + 33 = 5x2 – 40x + 75
x > y. 0 = 2x2 – 19x + 42
x–y = 3 (i) 0 = 2x2 – 12x – 7x + 42
1 1 3 0 = 2x (x – 6) – 7 (x – 6)
Also, − = (ii)
y x 28
0 = (2x – 7) (x – 6)
From (i), x = 3+y
(2x – 7) (x – 6) = 0
Putting in (ii), we get
2x – 7 = 0 or x – 6 = 0
1 1 3
− = 7
y 3+ y 28 x = or x = 6
2
3+ y − y 3 26. Let speed of stream be x km/hr
=
y (3 + y ) 28 Speed of boat in still water = 18 km/hr
3 3
=
y (3 + y ) 28 So, Speed of boat downstream = (18 + x)
km/hr
28 = y2 + 3y
Speed of boat upstream = (18 – x) km/hr
y2 + 3y – 28 = 0
According to equation,
y2 + 7y – 4y – 28 = 0
24 24
y (y + 7) – 4 (y + 7) = 0 = +1 up = D + 1
18 − x 18 + x
(y – 4) (y + 7) = 0 24 24
− = 1
y = 4, –7 18 − x 18 + x
As y is a natural number, 18 + x −18 + x 1
=
y = – 7 is rejected (18 − x )(18 + x ) 24
2x 1
So, y = 4 =
324 − x 2
24
∴ x=3+y = 7
324 – x2 = 48x
x2 + 48x – 324 = 0
Section D
x−2 x−4 10 x2 + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
25. + =
x −3 x −5 3 x (x + 54) – 6 (x + 54) = 0
( x − 2 )( x − 5) + ( x − 3)( x − 4 ) =
10 (x – 6) (x + 54) = 0
( x − 3)( x − 5) 3 x = 6, – 54
x − 7x +10 + x − 7x +12
2 2
10 As speed cannot be negative,
=
x − 8x + 15
2
3
x = – 54 is rejected.
2x −14x + 22
2
10
= So, x = 6
x − 8x +15
2
3
∴ Speed of stream = 6 km/hr
62 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
  3x −1   2x + 3  1 1 1
27. 3  − 2  = 5 − =
 2x + 3   3x −1  x − 200 x 1200
3x −1 x − x + 200 1
Let =y =
2x + 3 x(x − 200) 1200
So, equation becomes
x2 – 200x = 240000
2
3y – = 5 x2 – 200x = 240000 = 0
y
3y2 – 2 = 5y x2 – 600x + 400x – 240000 = 0
3y2 – 5y – 2 = 0 x (x – 600) + 400 (x – 600) = 0
3y – 6y + y – 2 = 0
2
(x + 400) (x – 600) = 0
3y (y – 2) + 1 (y – 2) = 0 x = – 400 or x = 600
(3y + 1) (y – 2) = 0 As x, being speed of aircraft can't be negative.
3y + 1 = 0 or y – 2 = 0 So, x = 600
1
y=– or y = 2 ∴ Original speed of aircraft = 600 km/hr
3
1 600
Duration of flight = = 1 hour
y=– y=2 600
3
29. Let the usual speed of plane be x km / hr
3x −1 1 3x −1
=– =2 1500
2x + 3 3 2x + 3 ∴ Time taken = hours
x
9x – 3 = – 2x – 3 3x – 1 = 4x + 6 New speed = x + 250 km / hr
11x = 0 x = –7 1500
∴ Time taken = km / hr
x=0 x + 250
According to question,
28. Let original speed of the aircraft be x km/hr.
1500 1500 1
be x km/hr. = –
x + 250 x 2
∴ New speed = (x – 200) km/hr. 1500 1500 1
– =
Duration of flight at original speed x x + 250 2
1 1 1
600 – =
=hours x x + 250 3000
x x + 250 − x 1
Duration of flight at reduced speed =
x ( x + 250 ) 3000
600 x2 + 250 x = 750000
= hours
x − 200
According to question, x2 + 250 x – 750000 = 0

600 1 600 x2 + 1000x – 750x – 750000 = 0

= +
x − 200 2 x x (x +1000) – 750 (x + 1000) = 0
600 600 1 (x – 750) (x + 1000) = 0
– =
x − 200 x 2
x = 750 or x = –1000

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
63
 Now, x being the speed of plane cannot be For second equation,
negative, 2
y+3 = (x + 3)
x = –1000 is rejected 5
5y + 15 = 2x + 6
So, x = 750
2x – 5y = 9 (ii)
∴ Speed of plane = 750 km/hr
9 + 5y
30. Let total number of camels be x. From (ii), x =
2
According to question Putting in (i), we get
1 9 + 5y
x + 2 x + 15 = x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2
4 2
x
2 x + 15 = x – 9 + 5y – 14 = 10 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
4
3x
2 x + 15 = 5y – 5 = 10 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
4
8 x + 60 = 3x y – 1 = 2 (y2 + 49 – 14y)
y – 1 = 2y2 + 98 – 28y
3x – 8 x – 60 = 0
2y2 – 29y + 99 = 0
( x)
2
3 – 8 x – 60 = 0
29 ± 841 − 8 ( 99 )
Let x = y y =
4
3y2 – 8y – 60 = 0 29 ± 49
y =
3y2 – 18y + 10y – 60 = 0 4
29 ± 7
3y (y – 6) + 10 (y – 6) = 0 y =
4
(3y + 10) (y – 6) = 0 29 + 7 29 − 7
y= , y=
10 4 4
y=– or y = 6 11
3 y = 9, y =
2
Now, 11
Now, y = is rejected
10 2
y= − is rejected as number of camels can So, y = 9
3
not be negative, ∴ Nihal's age = 9 years
So, y = 6 9 + 5y
Varun's age =
2
i.e. x = 6
9 + 45
=
∴ x = 36 2
= 27 years
So, total number of camels = 36
31. Let Varun's age be x years and Nihal's age be 1 1 1 1
32. − = +
y years. a+b+ x x a b

According to question. x − (a + b + x ) a+b

=
x (a + b + x ) ab
x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2
x – 7 = 5 (y – 7)2 (i)

64 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 − (a + b) a+b
x (x + 5) + 1 (x + 5) = 0
=
x (a + b + x ) ab (x + 1) (x + 5) = 0
−1 1 x + 1 = 0 or x+5=0
=
x (a + b + x ) ab x=–1 or x = –5
x (a + b + x) + ab = 0 2
5. x+ = 3
xa + xb + x + ab = 0
2 x
x2 + 2 = 3x
x2 + xa + xb + ab = 0
x (x + a) +b (x + a) = 0 x2 – 3x + 2 = 0

(x + a) (x + b) = 0 x2 – 2x – x + 2 = 0

x = –a or x = –b x (x – 2) –1 (x – 2) = 0
(x – 1) (x – 2) = 0
WORKSHEET 2
x = 1, 2
Section A
6. 3 x2 – 2 2 x – 2 3 = 0
1. LHS = x – 3 3 x + 6
2

Discriminant = (–2 2 )2 – 4( 3 ) (–2 3 )

= (–2 3 )2 – 3 3 (–2 3 ) + 6
= 8 + 24
= 12 + 18 + 6
= 32
= 36
RHS ( = 0) 7. 2x2 + 5 3 x + 6 = 0

So, x= –2 3 is not a solution of the given Discriminant (D) = (5 3 )2 – 4(2) (6)

equation. = 75 – 48
1 = 27 > 0
2. As x = − is a solution of 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0,
2
2 So, the given equation has real roots.
 1  1
3  −  + 2k  −  – 3 = 0
 2  2 8. abx2 + (b2 – ac)x – bc = 0
3 abx2 + b2x – acx – bc = 0
−K −3 = 0
4 bx (ax + b) – c (ax + b) = 0
3 −9
K = −3 = (bx – c) (ax + b) = 0
4 4
3. Let the two consecutive positive integers be bx – c = 0 or ax + b = 0
x, x + 1. c b
x= or x = –
According to question, b a

x (x + 1) = 240 9. Compare given Quadratic equation 2x² – kx

+ k = 0 with ax² + bx + c = 0, we get
x2 + x – 240 = 0
a = 2, b = –k, c = k
4. x + 6x + 5 = 0
2
Discriminant (D) = 0
x2 + 5x + x + 5 = 0
[Given roots are equal]
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
65
 ⇒ b² – 4ac = 0 a = 3
⇒ (–k)² – 4 × 2 × k = 0 So, b = 21 – 9 (3)
⇒ k² – 8k = 0 = 21 – 27
⇒ k(k – 8) = 0 = –6
⇒ k = 0 or k = 8 12. As –5 is a root of equation
 1 px2 + px + k = 0
10. x2 +  a +  x + 1 = 0
 a
p(–5)2 + p (–5) + k = 0
ax2 + (a2 + 1) x + a = 0
25p – 5p + k = 0
ax2 + a2x + x + a = 0
20p + k = 0 (i)
ax (x + a) + 1 (x + a) = 0
Also, as equation has equal roots,
(ax + 1) (x + a) = 0
Discriminant = 0
ax + 1 = 0 or x + a = 0
1 p2 – 4pk = 0
x=– or x = – a
a p (p – 4k) = 0
Section B
p=0 or p = 4k
2
11. As x = is a root of equation if p = 0, 20(0) + k = 0
3
ax2 + 7x + b = 0
k = 0
2
2 2 if p = 4k, 20 (4k) + k = 0
a  + 7  + b = 0
3 3
4 14 k = 0
a+ +b = 0
9 3 13. 2x + 9 + x = 13
4a + 42 + 9b
= 0
9 2x + 9 = 13 – x
4a + 9b = – 42 (i)
Squaring both sides
As x = –3 is a root of equation
2x + 9 = 169 + x2 – 26x
ax + 7x + b = 0
2
x2 – 28x + 160 = 0
9a – 21 + b = 0
x2 – 20x – 8x + 160 = 0
9a + b = 21 (ii)
x (x – 20) – 8 (x – 20) = 0
From (ii), b = 21 – 9a
(x – 8) (x – 20) = 0
Putting in (i), we get
x=8 or x = 20
4a + 9 (21 – 9a) = – 42
If x = 20
4a + 189 – 81a = – 42
LHS = 40 + 9 + 20 = 27 RHS (= 13)
189 + 42 = 81a – 4a
So, x = 20 is rejected
231 = 77a

66 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 If x = 8, 17. Roots of the equation are equal if Discriminant
(D) = 0
LHS = 16 + 9 + 8
mx (6x + 10) + 25 = 0
= 5+8
6mx2 + 10mx + 25 = 0
= 13
D = 0
= RHS
(10m)2 – 4 (6m) 25) = 0
Therefore, x = 8
100 m2 – 600 m = 0
14. 9x2 – 6b2x – (a4 – b4) = 0
100 m (m – 6) = 0
9x2 + [–3 (b2 – a2) – 3 (b2 + a2)]x + (–a4 + b4)
=0 m = 0, 6
9x2 – 3 (b2 – a2) x – 3 (b2 + a2) x + (a2 + b2) For m = 0, equation will become 25 = 0,
(–a2 + b2) = 0 which is not possible
3x [3x – (b2 – a2)] – (a2 + b2) [3x – (b2 – a2)] So, m = 6
=0
18. Given 4 roots 3x square + 5x – 2 root 3
[3x – (a + b )] [3x – (b – a )] = 0
2 2 2 2
The above given education can be written as
a +b
2 2
b −a2 2 under:
x= or x= 4 3 x2 + 5x – 2 3 = 0
3 3
4 5 4 3 x2 + 8x – 3x – 2 3 = 0
15. –3 =
x 2x + 3
4 − 3x 5 4x( 3 x + 2) – 3 ( 3 x + 2) = 0
=
x 2x + 3 ( 3 x + 2) (4x – 3)=0
(4 – 3x) (2x + 3) = 5x
( 3 x + 2) = 0 or (4x – 3 )= 0
8x + 12 – 6x2 – 9x = 5x
2 3
6x2 + 6x – 12 = 0 x= or x=
3 4
x2 + x – 2 = 0
19. Let x be the side of square.
x2 + 2x – x – 2 = 0
So, area of square = x2
x (x + 2) – 1 (x + 2) = 0
Number of students = x2 + 24
(x – 1) (x + 2) = 0
If side of a square is increased by one
x = 1, – 2 student, side = x + 1
16. 2 y2 + 7y + 5 2 = 0 So, number of students = (x + 1)2 – 25
2 y2 + 2y + 5y + 5 2 = 0 According to question,
2 y (y + 2 ) + 5 (y + 2 ) = 0 x2 + 24 = (x + 1)2 – 25
(y + 2 ) ( 2 y + 5) = 0 x2 + 24 = x2 + 1 + 2x – 25

y+ 2 =0 or 48 = 2x
2y + 5 = 0
5 x = 24
y=– 2 or y=–
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
67
 ∴ Number of students = x2 + 24 ∴ Altitude of ∆ ABC = (x – 7) cm
= (24)2 + 24 We know that,
= 576 + 24 (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular)2
= 600 AC2 = AB2 + BC2
20. 4x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 (13)2 = (x – 7)2 + x2
3 5 169 = x2 + 49 – 14x + x2
⇒ x2 + x + =
4 4
2 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
3  3  –5 9
⇒ x + x+  = +
2
x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
4 4 64
8
2
 3 –71 x2 – 12x + 5x – 60 = 0
⇒  x + 8  = 64
  x(x – 12) + 5 (x – 12) = 0
3 − 71
⇒ x+ = not a real no. (x + 5) (x – 12) = 0
8 64
x = –5, 12
Hence, QE has no real roots.
Since, side cannot be negative,
Section C So, x = – 5 is rejected
25
21. (x – 5) (x – 6) = ∴ x = 12
( 24 )
2

25 BC = x = 12 cm
x2 – 11x + 30 =
576 AB = x – 7 = 12 – 7 = 5 cm
25
x2 – 11x + 30 – = 0 23. (a – b) x2 + (b – c) x + (c – a) = 0
576
17255 As roots of equation are equal,
x2 – 11x + = 0
576 Discriminant (D) = 0
576 x2 – 6336 x + 17255 = 0 (b – c)2 – 4 (a – b) (c – a) = 0

576 x2 – 2856 x – 3480 x + 17255 = 0 (b2 + c2 – 2bc) – 4 (ac – a2 – bc + ab) = 0

4a2 + b2 + c2 – 4ac + 2bc – 4ab = 0
24x (24x – 119) – 145 (24x – 119) = 0
(2a)2 + b2 + c2 – 4ac + 2bc – 4ab = 0
(24x – 145) (24x – 119) = 0
(–2a + b + c)2 = 0
24x – 145 = 0 or 24x – 119 = 0
–2a + b + c = 0
145 119 2a = b + c
x= or x =
24 24 24. Let the sides of two squares be x and y
22. A
Area of square with side x = x2
13
Area of square with side y = y2
x–7

cm
Perimeter of square with side x = 4x
B C Perimeter of square with side y = 4y
x
Let the base of ∆ ABC=x cm According to question,
68 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x2 + y2 = 468 (i) 3b b 3b b
ax − = ax − =–
4x – 4y = 24 2 2 2 2
i.e. x – y = 6 (ii) 4b b 3b
ax = = 2b ax = − + =b
2 2 2
From (ii), x = 6 + y
2b b
On putting in (i), we get x= x=
a a
(6 + y)2 + y2 = 468 2x 1 3x + 9
26. + + =0
36 + y2 + 12y + y2 = 468 x − 3 2x + 3 ( x − 3)( 2x + 3)
2y2 + 12y – 432 = 0 2x ( 2x + 3) + ( x − 3) + 3x + 9
=0
y2 + 6y – 216 = 0 ( x − 3)( 2x + 3)
y2 – 12y + 18y – 216 = 0 2x (2x + 3) + (x – 3) + 3x + 9 = 0
y(y – 12) + 18(y – 12) = 0 4x2 + 6x + x – 3 + 3x + 9 = 0
(y – 12) (y + 18) = 0 4x2 + 10x + 6 = 0
y = 12, –18 4x2 + 4x + 6x + 6 = 0
As side cannot be negative,
4x (x + 1) + 6 (x + 1) = 0
y = –18 is rejected
(4x + 6) (x + 1) = 0
∴ y = 12
4x + 6 = 0 or x+1=0
So, x = 6+y
3
= 6 + 12 x= – or x = –1
2
= 18
27. Let the three consecutive natural numbers
So, sides of two squares are 12m and 18m be x – 1, x and x + 1.
respectively.
According to equation,
25. a2 x2 – 3abx + 2b2 = 0
x2 = [(x + 1)2 – (x – 1)2 ] + 60
3
(ax)2 – 2   abx + 2b2 = 0 x2 = x2 + 1 + 2x – x2 – 1 + 2x + 60
2
x2 = 4x + 60
3b
(ax)2 – 2ax   + 2b = 0
2
x2 – 4x – 60 = 0
 2 
2 2 x2 – 10x + 6x – 60 = 0
3b 3b 3b
(ax)2 – 2ax  +  + 2b – 
2
 =0 x (x – 10) + 6 (x – 10) = 0
 2   2   2 
2 (x + 6) ( x – 10) = 0
 3b 9 2
 ax −  + 2b − b = 0
2

2  4 x = –6 or 10

2 As x is a natural number,
 3 b  b2
 ax −  − =0
 2  4 x = –6 or 10

 3b
2
b2 As x is a natural number,
 ax −  =
4
 2  x = – 6 is rejected
3b b So, x = 10
ax − = ±
2 2 ∴ The three numbers 9, 10, 11.
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
69
 28. Let the time taken by smaller tap to fill tank
−b ± D
completely = x hours x =
2a
∴ Time taken by larger tap to fill tank
completely = x – 8 hours 63 ± 9801
=
18
According to question,
63 ± 99
1 1 5 =
+ = 18
x x–8 48
63 + 99 63 − 99
x−8+x 5 x= or x=
= 18 18
x(x − 8) 48
x=9 or x = –2
2x − 8 5
= 30. Let the larger part be x.
x(x − 8) 48
48 (2x – 8) = 5x (x – 8) ∴ Smaller part = 16 – x
According to question,
96x – 384 = 5x2 – 40x
2(x)2 = (16 – x)2 + 164
5x – 136x + 384 = 0
2
2x2 = 256 + x2 – 32x + 164
5x – 16x – 120x + 384 = 0
2
x2 + 32x – 420 = 0
x (5x – 16) – 24 (5x – 16) = 0 x2 + 42x – 10x – 420 = 0
(x – 24) (5x – 16) = 0 x (x + 42) – 10 (x + 42) = 0
16 (x – 10) (x + 42) = 0
x = 24 or
5 x = 10 or – 42
For x = 24 x = – 42 is rejected as x < 0.
Time taken by smaller tap = 24 hours ∴ x = 10
Tap taken by larger tap = x – 8 So, the required parts are 10 and 6.
= 24 – 8 Section D
= 16 hours 1 1 1 1
31. = + +
16 2a + b + 2x 2a b 2x
For x =
5 1 1 1 1
Time taken by larger pipe = x – 8 − = +
2a + b + 2x 2x b 2a
16
= –8 2x − 2a − b − 2x 2a + b
5 =
24 2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
= –
5 −2a − b 2a + b
Since time cannot be negative, =
2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
16 −1 1
x = is rejected. =
5 2x (2a + b + 2x) 2ab
29. 9x2 – 63x – 162 = 0
−1 1
Discriminant (D) = (–63)2 – 4(9) (– 162) =
x (2a + b + 2x) ab
= 3969 + 5832
x (2a + b + 2x) + ab = 0
= 9801
70 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2x2 + 2ax + bx + ab = 0 2800 2800
– = 100
2x (x + a) + b (x + a)= 0 x 2x +1
2
(2x + b) (x + a) = 0
2800 5600
−b – = 100
x=
, –a x 2x + 1
2
28 56
32. Let number of books = x − = 1
x 2x +1
80
∴ Cost of each book = 1 2 1
x − =
According to question, x 2x +1 28

80 80 2x +1 − 2x 1
= −1 =
x+4 x x (2x +1) 28
80 80 1 1
− = 1 =
x x+4 x (2x +1) 28
1 1 1 2x2 + x – 28 = 0
− =
x x+4 80 2x2 + 8x – 7x – 28 = 0
x+4−x 1 2x (x + 4) – 7 (x + 4) = 0
=
x (x + 4) 80
(x + 4) (2x – 7) = 0
1 1
= 7
x(x + 4) 320 x = –4,
2
x2 + 4x – 320 = 0 Since, time cannot be negative,
x2 – 16x + 20x – 320 = 0 7
x = = 3.5 hours
2
x (x – 16) + 20 (x – 16) = 0
34. Let speed of stream = x km/hr
(x – 16) (x + 20) = 0
Speed of boat in still water = 20 km/hr
x = 16 or x = –20
Speed of boat upstream = (20 – x) km/hr
Since, number of books cannot be negative,
Speed of boat downstream = (20 + x) km/hr
x = 16
According to equation,
So, number of books = 16
48 48
33. Let original duration of flight = x hours = +1
20 − x 20 + x
2800
Speed of an aircraft = km/hr 1 1 1
x − =
If time increased by 30 minutes 20 − x 20 + x 48
20 + x − 20 + x 1
1 2800 =
i.e. hour, speed = (20 − x) (20 + x) 48
2 1
x+ 2x 1
2 =
According to question,
(20 − x) (20 + x) 48
2800 2800 96x = 400 – x2
= – 100
1 x
x+ x2 + 96x – 400 = 0
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
71
 x2 + 100x – 4x – 400 = 0 x (x + 12) – 6 (x + 12) = 0
x (x + 100) –4 (x + 100) = 0 (x – 6) (x + 12) = 0
(x – 4) (x + 100) = 0 x = 6, –12
x = 4, –100 As age cannot be negative,
Being the speed, x can not be negative. x = –12 is rejected
So,x = –100 is rejected ∴ x = 6
∴ x=4 Age of sister = 6 years
Speed of stream = 4 km/hr Age of girl = 2x
1 1 = 2 (6)
35. + = 1
2x − 3 x − 5 = 12 years
x − 5 + 2x − 3 37. Let number of articles be x
= 1
(2x − 3) (x − 5)
∴ Cost of production of each article
3x − 8 = 2x + 3
= 1
2x −10x − 3x +15
2
According to question,
2x2 – 13x + 15 = 3x – 8
x (2x + 3) = 90
2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
Discriminant (D) = (–16) – 4 (2) (23)
2

2x2 – 12x + 15x – 90 = 0

= 256 – 184
2x (x – 6) + 15 (x – 6) = 0
= 72
(2x + 15) (x – 6) = 0
−b ± D
x = −15
2a x= or x = 6
2
16 ± 72 Being number of articles, x cannot be
=
4 negative.
16 ± 6 2
= ∴ x = 6
4
Number of articles = 6
8±3 2
=
2 Cost of production of each article
36. Let present age of sister be x years
= 2x + 3
∴ age of girl = 2x years
= 12 + 3
According to question,
= $ 15
(x + 4) (2x + 4) = 160
38. Let Shefali's marks in English be x..
2x2 + 12x + 16 – 160 = 0
∴ Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – x
2x + 12x – 144 = 0
2
According to question,
x2 + 6x – 72 = 0
(30 – x + 2) (x – 3) = 210
x + 12x – 6x – 72 = 0
2

72 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (32 – x) (x – 3) = 210 x +5−x 1
=
32x – 96 – x + 3x = 210
2 x (x + 5) 360
x2 – 35x + 306 = 0 5 1
=
x(x + 5) 360
x2 – 17x – 18x + 306 = 0
x2 + 5x – 1800 = 0
x (x – 17) – 18 (x – 17) = 0
x2 – 40x + 45x – 1800 = 0
(x – 17) (x – 18) = 0
x (x – 40) + 45 (x – 40) = 0
x = 17 or x = 18
(x – 40) (x + 45) = 0
If x = 17
x = 40, –45
Shefali's marks in English = 17
Being speed of train, x = – 45 is rejected.
Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – 17 = 13
∴ Speed of train = 40 km/hr
If x = 18
40. Let breadth of rectangular mango grove = x m
Shefali's marks in English = 18
∴ Length = 2x
Shefali's marks in Mathematics = 30 – 18
According to question,
= 12
2x (x) = 800
39. Let speed of train =x km/hr
2x2 = 800
Distance covered = 360 km
x2 = 400
360
So, time taken = x = + 20
x
According to question, Being a dimension, x cannot be negative.
360 360 ∴ x = 20
= –1
x+5 x
So, Breadth = 20 m
360 360
– = 1 Length = 2x = 40 m
x x+5

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
73
 Chapter

05 Arithmetic Progressions
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (b) an = 3n + 7 2a – b = 18 (i)

an + 1 = 3 (n + 1) + 7 = 3n + 10 b – a = –3 –b

So, d = an + 1 – an a – 2b = 3 (ii)

= 3n + 10 – 3n – 7 Solving (i) and (ii), we get

= 3 a = 11, b = 4

2. (c) a = 1, an = 11 So, a + b = 11 + 4

Sn = 36 = 15

n WORKSHEET 1
We know that Sn = (a + an)
2
36 =
n
(1 + 11) Section A
2 1. k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are in A.P. if
36 × 2
n = (2k –1) – (k + 9) = (2k + 7) – (2k – 1)
12
= 6 k – 10 = 8
3. (b) Sn = 2n2 + 5n k = 18
an = Sn – (Sn – 1) 2. Sn = 3n2 + 5n
= (2n2 + 5n) – [2 (n – 1)2 + 5(n – 1)] S20 = 3 (20)2 + 5(20)
= 2n2 + 5n – 2n2 – 2 + 4n – 5n + 5 = 3 (400) + 100
= 4n + 3 = 1200 + 100
4. (d) We can write reverse AP as = 1300
185, ..., 13, 9, 5 3. Consider AP : 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., n
Such that a = 185, d = –4 Here a = 2, d = 2
So, a9 = 185 + (9 – 1) (–4) n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
= 185 – 32 2
n
= 153 = [4 + (n – 1)2]
2
5. (a) 18, a, b, – 3 are in AP. n
= [2n + 2)
2
∴ a – 18 = b – a = –3 – b
= n (n + 1)
a – 18 = b – a
74 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 5 5 So, sequence is 1, 4, 7, ...
4. A.P.: –5, – , 0, , ... .
2 2 a2 – a1 = 4 – 1 = 3
5 5
an = a + (n – 1)d, d = – + 5 = a3 – a2 = 7 – 4 = 3
2 2
5 As difference between the terms is same, so,
∴ a25 = –5 + (25 – 1)
2 the given sequence is in A.P.
5
= –5 + 24   a10 = 30 – 2 = 28
2
= –5 + 60 9. A.P : 18, 16, 14, ...
= 55 Sn = 0
5. Sp = ap2 + bp n
[2a + (n – 1) d] = 0
ap = Sp –Sp – 1 2
n
= (ap2 + bp) – [a (p – 1)2 + b (p – 1)] [36 + (n – 1) (–2)] = 0
2
= ap2 + bp – [ap2 + a – 2ap + bp – b] n (36 – 2n + 2) = 0
= ap2 + bp – ap2 – a + 2ap – bp + b n (38 – 2n) = 0
38
= 2ap – a + b n = = 19
2
∴ ap + 1 = 2a (p + 1) – a + b 10. a4 = 0 a + 3d = 0 a = – 3d
= 2ap + 2a – a + b To prove : a25 = 3a11
= 2ap + a + b Consider a25 = a + (25 – 1)d
So, d = ap + 1 – ap = a + 24d
= 2ap + a + b – 2ap + a – b = –3 d + 24 d
= 2a = 21 d
6. an = n2 + 1 a11 = a + 10 d
a1 = 1 +1 = 2 = – 3d + 10d
a2 = 22 + 1 = 5 = 7d
3n − 2 So, a25 = 3a11
7. an =
4n + 5
11. A. P: 6, 13, 20, ..., 216
3−2
1 6−2 4
a1 = =
, a2 = = an = a + (n – 1) d
4+5
9 8 + 5 13
9−27 216 = 6 + (n – 1) 7
a3 = =
17
17 210 = 7 (n – 1)
1 4 7
So, sequence is , , , ... 30 = n – 1
9 13 17
8. an = 3n – 2 n = 31
a1 = 3 – 2 = 4 So, 216 is 31st term of an A.P.
a2 = 6 – 2 = 4 So, 16th term is the middle term
a3 = 9 – 2 = 7 so on

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
75
 a16 = 6 + (16 – 1) 7 115
d = =5
= 6 + 7 (15) 23
From (ii), 2a + 9(5) = 47
= 6 + 105
2a + 45 = 47
= 111
a = 1
12. Consider 9, 12, 15, 18, ....
So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
a2 – a1 = 12 – 9 = 3
i.e. 1, 6, 11, ...
a3 – a2 = 15 – 12 = 3
14. A.P.: 5, 15, 25, ...
a4 – a3 = 18 – 15 = 3
Let nth term of an AP be 130 more than its 31st
As difference between the terms is same, term
So, the terms are in A.P. i.e. an = 130 + a31

a16 = a + 15d 5 + (n – 1) 10 = 130 + 5 + (31 – 1) 10

= 9 + 15 (3) 5 + 10n – 10 = 135 + 300

= 9 + 45 10n = 435 + 5

= 54 10n = 440
n = 44
an = a + (n – 1) d
So, 44th term of an AP is 130 more than its 31st
= 9 + (n – 1) 3
term
= 9 + 3n – 3
15. as + a9 = 72
= 3n + 6
a + 4d + a + 8d = 72
13. S5 + S7 = 167 2a + 12d = 72
5 7
[2a + (5 – 1) d] + [2a + (7 – 1) d] = 167 a + 6d = 36 (i)
2 2
5 7 a7 + a12 = 97
5a + (4d) + 7a + (6d) = 167
2 2 a + 6d + a + 11d = 97
5a + 10d + 7a + 21d = 167 2a + 17d = 97 (ii)
12a + 31d = 167 (i) On multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii)
from (i), we get
S10 = 235
10 (2a + 17d) – (2a + 12d) = 97 – 72
[2a + (10 – 1) d] = 235
2 5d = 25
2a + 9d = 47 (ii)
d = 5
Multiplying equation (ii) by 6 and subtracting
From (i), a = 36 – 6 (5)
(ii) from (i), we get
= 36 – 30 = 6
(12a + 54d) – (12a + 31d)
a = 6
= 282 – 167
So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
23d = 115
i.e. 6, 11, 16, ...
76 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 16. Consider AP : 7, 14, 21, ..., 497 2a + ( n −1) d 7n +1
=
an = a + (n – 1)d 2a1 + ( n −1) d1 4n + 27
497 = 7 + (n – 1)7
 n −1 
a+ d
497 – 7 = 7 (n – 1)  2  7n +1
=
490  n −1  1 4n + 27
70 = = n–1 a1 +   d
7  2 
n = 71
a + (m −1)d 7 (2m −1) +1
17. S7 = 49 1 =
a + (m −1)d
1
4 (2m −1) + 27
7
[2a + 6d] = 49 am 14m − 6
2 =
1
am 8m + 23
2a + 6d = 14
19. Let the digits be a – d, a, a + d
a + 3d = 7 (i)
a – d + a + a + d = 15
Also, S17 = 289
17 3a = 15
[2a + 16d] = 289
2 a = 5
2a + 16d = 34
Also, 100 (a – d) + 10a + a + d
a + 8d = 17 (ii)
= [100 (a + d) + 10a + a – d] – 594
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
∴ 100 a – 100 d + 11a + d
(a + 3d) – (a + 8d) = 7 – 17
= 100 a + 100 d + 11a – d – 594
–5d = –10
0 = 200 d – 2d – 594
d = 2
198 d = 594
From (i), a = 7 – 3d
d = 3
= 7–6
So, number = 100 (a + d) 10a + a – d
= 1
= 100 (8) + 50 + 2
n
So, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] = 852
2
n 20. ap = q a + (p – 1) d = q (i)
= [2 + (n – 1)2]
2
aq = p a + (q – 1) d = p (ii)
= n [1 + (n – 1)]
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
= n2
(p – 1) d – (q – 1) d = q – p
18. Let Sn and S1n be sum of a terms of two A.P.
d [p – 1 – q + 1] = q – p
Sn 7n +1
= q−p
S1n 4n + 27 d = = –1
p−q
n
2a + ( n −1) d From (i), a + (p – 1) (–1) = q
2 =
7n +1
n 4n + 27 a = p–1+q
2a1 + ( n −1) d1 
2   So, an = a + (n – 1)d

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
77
 = (p – 1 + q) + (n – 1) ( –1) n
(n + 1)
= p–1+q–n+1 2
For S2, a = 1, d = 2
= p+q–n
n
1 So, S2 = [2 + (n – 1) (2)]
21. Here, a2 – a1 = 19 – 20 2
4 = n [1 + n – 1]
77
= – 20 = n2
4
For S3, a = 1, d = 3
77 − 80 3
= =− n
4 4 S3 = [2 + (n – 1)3]
1 1 2
a3 – a2 = 18 – 19 n
2 4 = [3n – 1]
2
37 77 n n
= – Consider S1 + S3 = (n + 1) + (3n – 1)
2 4 2 2
74 − 77 n2 n 3n2 n
= = + + −
4 2 2 2 2
4n2
−3 =
= 2
4 = 2n2
as a3 – a2 = a2 – a1
= 2S2
i.e._difference between the terms is same, so,
the given sequence forms an A.P. 23. A.P.: a, 7, b, 23, c

−3 As the terms are in A.P.,

Here, a = 20, d =
4 7 – a = b – 7 = 23 – b = c – 23
an < 0
As 7–a = b–7
a + (n – 1) d < 0
a + b = 14 (i)
 −3 
20 + (n – 1)   < 0 As b – 7 = 23 – b
 4 
−3 2b = 30
(n – 1) < – 20
4 b = 15
 −4 
n – 1 > –20   From (i), a = 14 – b = 14 – 15
 3 
80 a = –1
n–1 >
3 As 23 – b = c – 23
80 83
n > +1= = 27.67 23 – 15 = c – 23
3 3
c = 31
So, n = 28
24. Let the four parts be
So, a28 is the first negative term
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d such that
22. For S1, a = 1, d = 1 a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 32
n
So, S1 = [2 + (n – 1) (1)] 4a = 32
2
a = 8
78 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Also,
( a − 3d)( a + 3d) =
7 =
n
[2a + (n – 1) d]
2
( a − d)( a + d) 15
n
i.e.
( 8 − 3d)( 8 + 3d) =
7 = [200 + (n – 1) 10]
2
( 8 − d)( 8 + d) 15 = n [100 + 5n – 5]
64 − 9d2 7 = n (95 + 5n)
=
64 − d2
15 Distance travelled by thief
960 – 135d2 = 448 – 7d2 = Distance travelled by
512 = 128 d2 policeman

d2 = 4 100 (n + 1) = n (95 + 5n)

d = ±2 100n + 100 = 95n + 5n2

For a = 8, d = 2 5n2 – 5n – 100 = 0

the four parts are n2 – n – 20 = 0

a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d n2 – 5n + 4n – 20 = 0

i.e. 8 – 6, 8 – 2, 8 + 2, 8 + 6 n (n – 5) + 4 (n – 5) = 0

i.e. 2, 6, 10, 14 (n + 4) ( n – 5) = 0

For a = 8, d = – 2 n = – 4 or n = 5
As n cannot be negative, n = 5
the four parts are
26. Consider the sequence formed by all three
a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
digit numbers which leaves a remainder 3,
i.e. 8 + 6, 8 + 2, 8 – 2, 8 – 2, 8 – 6 when divided by 4: 103, 107, 111, 115, ..., 999.
i.e. 14, 10, 6 and 2 The above sequence forms an A.P. with a =
103 and common difference d = 4
25. Let the policeman catches the thief in n
minutes. an = a + (n – 1)d
Uniform speed of thief = 100 m/min 999 = 103 + (n – 1) 4
As after are minute a policeman runs after the 4 (n – 1) = 999 – 103
thief to catch him.
4 (n – 1) = 896
So, distance travelled by thief.
n – 1 = 224
= 100 (n + 1) minutes
n = 225
Given that speed of policeman increases by th

10m/min. The middle term is  n +1 term

 2 
speed of policeman forms an AP:  225 +1
i.e.  = 113th term
100 m/min, 110 m/min, 120 m/min, ...  2 
a113 = 103 + (113 – 1) 4
So, distance travelled by policeman
= 103 + 112 (4)
= Sn
= 103 + 448
= 551
ADDITIONAL
PR ACTICE
TM

MATHEMATICS - 10
79
 Sum of all terms before middle term m+n
= S112
=   (0)
 2 
= 0
112
= [2 (103) + (112 – 1) 4]
2 So, sum of its (m + n) terms is zero.
= 56 [ 206 + 144] 28. AP = –12, –, –6, ... , 21
= 56 (650) If 1 is added to each term,
= 36,400 A.P. becomes –12 + 1, –9 + 1, –6 + 1, ..., 21 + 1
225 i.e. – 11, –8, –5, ..., 22
S225 = [2 (103) + (225 – 1) 4]
2
We know that
225
= [206 + 896]
2 an = a + (n – 1) d
225
= (1102) 22 = –11 + (n – 1) (3)
2
= 123975 33
= n–1
3
So, sum of terms after the middle term
n = 12
= 123975 – (S112 + 551)
12
= 123975 – 36400 – 551 S12 = [2 (–11) + (12 – 1) 3]
2
= 87024 = 6 [–22 + 33]

27. Given: Sm = Sn = 6 (11)

To prove: Sm + n = 0 = 66
m 29. Let the prizes be a, a – 20, a – 40, ....
Sm = [2a + (m – 1)d]
2 S10 = 1600
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] 10
2 [2a + (10 – 1) (– 20)] = 1600
As Sm = Sn 2
5 (2a – 180) = 1600
m n
∴ [2a + (m – 1)d] = [2a + (n – 1)d] 2a – 180 = 320
2 2
m [2a + (m – 1)d] = n [2a + (n – 1)d] 2a = 500
2am + md (m – 1)] = 2na + nd (n – 1) a = 250
2am + m2d – md = 2an + n2d – nd So, the prize are 250, 230, 210, 190, 170, 150,
2am – 2an + m d – n d – md + nd = 0
2 2 130, 110, 90.
2a (m – n) +d (m2 – n2) – d (m – n) = 0 30. First term = a
(m – n) [2a + (m + n) d – d) = 0 Second term = b
(m – n) [2a + (m + n – 1) d] = 0 last term (an) = c
As m n, 2a + (m + n – 1) d = 0 ( a + c )(b + c − 2a )
To prove: Sn =
Consider 2 (b − a )
Solution: d = b – a
m+n
Sm + n = [2a + (m + n – 1) d]
2
80 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n 12
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] = 5000 + × 55000
2 100
or = 5000 + 550 × 12
n = 5000 + 6600
[a + an]
=
2
= 11600.
n
= [a + c] (i)
2 So, the amount paid for installment is 12200,
We know that an = c 11600.......It forms an AP.
i.e. a + (n – 1) (b – a) = c The 1st term a = 12200
c−a Common Difference d = 11600 – 12200
(n – 1) =
b−a = –600.
c−a
n = +1 The number of terms n = 12.
b−a
c + b − 2a We know that sum of n terms
= (ii)
b−a n
On putting (ii) in (i), we get = (2a + (n – 1)× d)
2
1  c + b − 2a  Therefore the total cost of the shop
Sn = (a + c)   12
2  b−a  = 60000 + (2(12200) + (12 – 1) × (–600))
2
=
( a + c )(b + c − 2a ) = 60000 + 6 (24400 – 6600)
2 (b − a )
= 60000 + 6 × 17800
31. Given that Raghav buys a shop for 120000.
= 60000 + 106800
He pays half of the amount in cash
1 = 166800.
= × 120000
2 The total cost of the shop = 166800.
= 60000.
32. 4th term = a + 3d
Balance amount to be paid = 120000 – 60000
8th term = a + 7d
= 60000.
Sum of the 4th term and 8th term
Given that amount of each installment = 5000.
He agrees to pay the balance in 12 annual = a + 3d + a + 7d = 24.
installments with interest of 12%. ⇒ 2a + 10d = 24
1. Amount of the first installment Take 2 common from the equation......
12
= 5000 + × 60000 a + 5d = 12................(1)
100
= 5000 + 600 × 12 Sum of 6th term and 10th term = 44

= 5000 + 7200 ⇒ a + 5d + a + 9d = 44

= 12200. 2a + 14d = 44

2. Amount of the second installment Take 2 common from equation....

12 a + 7d = 22.................(2)
= 5000 + × (60000 – 5000)
100 By Elimination Method:-

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
81
 a + 5d = 12 with a = 1, d = 2
a + 7d = 22 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
---------------- 2
2d = 10 n
= [2 + (n – 1) 2]
2
d=5
= n [1 + n – 1)
Substitute d = 5 in eq (1)
= n2
a + 5d = 12
4. As terms are in AP,
a + 5(5) = 12
13 – (2p + 1) = (5p – 3) –13
a = 12 – 25
13 – 2p – 1 = 5p – 3 – 13
a = –13
12 + 16 = 7p
• The 1st term 3 term are –13, –13 + 5,
–13 + 10 7p = 28

• –13, –8, –3. p = 4

WORKSHEET 2 5. First term = a

Second term = b
Section A
Last term (an) = 2a
1. Consider an AP: 12, 18, 24, ..., 96
Common difference (d) = b – a
an = a + (n – 1) d
n n
96 = 12 + (n – 1) 6 Sn = [2a + (n – 12d] or [a + an]
2 2
96 – 12 = 6 (n – 1) n
Sn = [a + 2a]
84 2
n–1 = 3a
6 = n (i)
n –1 = 14 2
As an = 2a
n = 15
a + (n – 1) d = 2a
2. Sq = 2q + 3q 2
a + (n – 1) ( b – a) = 2a
Sq – 1 = 2 (q – 1) + 3 (q – 1)2
(n – 1) (b – a) = a
= 2q – 2 + 3q + 3 – 6q
2
a
= 3q2 – 4q + 1 n–1 =
b−a
aq = sq – sq – 1 a
n = +1
b−a
= 2q + 3q2 – 3q2 + 4q – 1 b
n = (ii)
= 6q – 1 b−a
On putting (ii) in (i), we get
aq + 1 = 6q + 6 – 1 = 6q + 5
3a b
∴ d = aq + 1 – aq = 6q + 5 – 6q + 1 Sn =
2 (b − a )
=6
3ab
=
3. Consider AP: 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., n 2 (b − a )

82 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 1 + m 1 + 2m a6 = 4a5 + 3 = 4 (1279) + 3
6. , , , ...
m m m = 5119.
1
Here, a = 10. an = 4n + 5
m
1+ m 1 1 1 a1 = 4 + 5 = 9
d = – = +1– =1 a2 = 4 (2) + 5 = 13
m m m m
an = a + (n – 1) d a3 = 4 (3) + 5 = 17

1 a4 = 4 (4) + 5 = 21
= + (n – 1) 1
m a2 – a1 = 13 – 9 = 4
1 a3 – a2 = 17 – 13 = 4
= +n–1
m a4 – a3 = 21 – 17 = 4
7. Let 184 be the nth term of As difference between the terms is same, the
AP = 3, 7, 11, ... with sequence defined by an = 4n + 5 is an A.P. such
that d = 4.
a = 3
11. A.P : 27, 24, 21, ...
d = 7–3=4
Let sum of n terms of the A.P. be 0.
an = a + (n – 1) d
Here, first term (a) = 27
184 = 3 + (n – 1) 4
Common difference (d) = 24 – 27
184 – 3 = 4 (n – 1)
= –3
181
n–1 = Sn = 0
4
185 n
n = which is not a natural [2a + (n – 1) d] = 0
4 2
number. n
[54 + (n – 1) (–3)] = 0
So, 184 is not a term of AP: 3, 7, 11, ... 2
n (54 – 3n + 3) = 0
8. Consider AP: 254, ..., 14, 9, 4
n (18 – n + 1) = 0
with a = 254
18 – n + 1 = 0
d = 9 – 14 = –5
n = 19
So, a10 = 254 + (10 – 1) (–5)
So, sum of 19 terms is 0.
= 254 – 45
Sm m2
12. =
= 209 Sn n2
9. a1 = 4 am 2m −1
To prove : =
an = 4an – 1 + 3, n > 1 an 2n −1
Sm m2
a2 = 4a1 + 3 = 16 + 3 = 19 As = 2
Sn n
a3 = 4a2 + 3 = 4 (19) + 3 = 79 m
2a + ( m −1) d
a4 = 4a3 + 3 = 4 (79) + 3 = 319 ∴ 2 m2
= 2
n n
a5 = 4a4 + 3 = 4 (319) + 3 = 1279 2a + ( n −1) d
2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
83
 2a + (m −1) d 15. A = – 7
m
=
2a + (n −1) d n d=5
(m −1) T18 = a + 17d
a+ d m
2 = = – 7 + 17 × 5
(n −1) n
a+ d = – 7 + 85
2
On replacing m by 2m – 1 and n by 2n – 1 on = 78
both sides of equation, we get
General term = a + (n – 1)d
a + (m −1) d 2m −1 = – 7 + (n – 1) 5
=
a + (n −1) d 2n −1
= – 7 + 5n – 5
3n2 5n
13. Sn = +
2 2 = 5n – 12
We know that an = Sn – Sn – 1
16. a10 = 52
So, a25 = S25 – S24
∴ a + 9d = 52 (i)
3 5  3 5  a17 = 20 + a13
=  (625 + (25) −  (576) + (24)
2 2  2 2 
a + 16d = 20 + a + 12d
1875 125 1728 120
= + − − 4d = 20
2 2 2 2
1875 +125 −1728 −120 d = 5
=
2 From (i), a + 9 (5) = 52
= 76
14. We know a + 45 = 52
(n + 1) a = 7
M= th observation for n = odd
2 So, AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
Therefore the 6th term of this AP is 30
i.e. 7, 12, 17, ...
Therefore A6 = 30
a + 5d = 30 17. a9 = –32

Therefore we need to find S11 a + 8d = –32 (i)

n Also, a11 + a13 = –94
Therefore S11 = (2a + (n – 1)d)
2 a + 10d + a + 12d = –94
11
= (2a + 10d)
2 2a + 22d = –94
11 a + 11d = –47 (ii)
= (2(a + 5d)
2
Replacing value On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
11 a + 11d – a – 8d = –47 + 32
= (2(30))
2 3d = –15
= 11 × 30 d = –5
= 330 From (i), a = –32 – 8d

84 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = –32 – 8 (–5) n
We know that Sn = [a + an]
= –32 + 40 2
n
= 8 420 = [7 + 49]
2
n 420
18. Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] n = = 15
2 28
30 Now, an = 49
S30 = [2a + 29d] ⇒ S30 = 30a + 435d .(i)
2
20 a + (n – 1)d = 49
S20 = [2a + 19d] ⇒ S20 = 20a + 190d
2 7 + (15 – 1)d = 49
10 14d = 42
S10 = [2a + 9d] ⇒ S10 = 10a + 45d
2
3 (S20 – S10) = 3[20a + 190d – 10a – 45d) d = 3.

= 3[10a + 145d] 21. a2 + a7 = 30

= 30a + 435d = S30 [From (i)] a + d + a + 6d = 30

Hence, S30 = 3 (S20 – S10) Hence proved. 2a + 7d = 30 (i)

Also, a15 = 2a8 – 1
19. a14 = 2a8
a + 14d = 2 [a + 7d] – 1
a + 13d = 2 [a + 7d]
a + 14d = 2a + 14d – 1
a + 13d = 2a + 14d
0 = a–1
–d = a
a = 1
a6 = –8
From (i), 2 (1) + 7d = 30
a + 5d = –8
7d = 28
–d + 5d = –8 (As a = –d)
d = 4
4d = –8
So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
d = –2
i.e. 1, 5, 9, ....
So, a = –d = 2
1 1
n 22. AP : 18, 15 , 13, ..., –49
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] 2 2
2
20 31 99
∴ S20 = [2 (2) + (20 – 1) (–2)] i.e. 18, , 13, ..., –
2 2 2
= 10 [4 – 38] Here, first term (a) = 18
= 10 (–34) 31
Common difference (d) = – 18
= –340 2
31 − 36 5
20. First term (a) = 7 = = –
2 2
Last term (an) = 49 99
Last term (an) = –
Sn = 420 2
99
a + (n – 1) d = –
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
85
  5 99 24. a8 = 31
18 + (n – 1)  −  = –
 2 2 a + 7d = 31 (i)
5 99 a15 = a11 + 16
– (n – 1) = – – 18
2 2
a + 14d = a + 10d + 16
5 −99 − 36
– (n – 1) = 4d = 16
2 2
d = 4 (ii)
5 135
– (n – 1) = – From (i), a + 28 = 31
2 2
135 2 a = 3
n–1 = – × = 27
2 –5 So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...
n = 28 i.e. 3, 7, 11, ...
So, number of terms (n) = 28 25. a15 = 3 + 2a7
n
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] a + 14d = 3 + 2 (a + 6d)
2
a + 14d = 3 + 2a + 12d
28   −5  
S28 = 36 + ( 28 −1)    0 = a – 2d + 3 (i)
2   2 
Also, a10 = 41
 135 
= 14 36 −
 2  a + 9d = 41 (ii)
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
 72 −135 
=   a + 9d – a + 2d = 41 + 3
 2 
= 7 (–63) 11d = 44
= –441 d = 4
23. an = –4n + 15 From (ii), a + 9(4) = 41
a1 = –4 + 15 = 11 a = 41 – 36
a2 = –4 (2) + 15 = –8 + 15 = 7 = 5
a3 = –12 + 15 = 3.
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
So, First term (a) = 11
Common difference (d) = 7 – 11 = – 4 = 5 + (n – 1) 4
We know that = 4n + 1
n 26. Consider an AP = 504, 511, 518,..., 896
Sn = [2a + (n – 11d]
2
Here, first term (a) = 504
20
S20 = [2(11) + (20 – 1) ( –4)] Common difference (d) = 511 – 504 = 7
2
= 10 [22 – 76] Last term (an) = 896
= 10 (–54) As an = 896
= – 540 a + (n – 1)d = 896

86 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 504 + (n – 1) 7 = 896 n
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
7 (n – 1) = 392 2
17
n – 1 = 56 S17 = [6 + (17 – 1) 6]
2
n = 57 17
= [6 + 96]
n 2
We know that Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2 = 867
57 29. First term (a) = 8
∴ S57 = [2(504 + (57 – 1)7]
2
Last term (an) = 350
57
= [1008 + 392]
2 Common difference (d) = 9
= 39900
As an = 350
27. First term (a) = 5
a + (n – 1)d = 350
Let d be the common difference
8 + (n – 1) 9 = 350
1
S4 = [S8 – S4] 9 (n – 1) = 342
2
4 342 114
i.e. [2a + (4 – 1) d] n–1 = = = 38
2 9 3
1 8 4  n – 1 = 38
=  2a + ( 8 −1) d − 2a + ( 4 –1) d 
2 2 2  n = 39
i.e. 2 (2a + 3d) = 2 (2a + 7d) – (2a + 3d) We know that
4a + 6d = 4a + 14d – 2a – 3d n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
4a + 6d = 2a + 11d 2
39
2a = 5d S39 = [16 + (39 – 1) 9]
2
2a 2 39
d = = (5) = 2 = [16 + 342]
5 5 2
So, common difference (d) = 2 = 6981
28. A.P: 3, 9, 15, ..., 99 30. Let the first term of an AP be ‘a’ and common
Here, first term (a) = 3 difference be ‘d’.
Common difference (d) = 9 – 3 S10 = –150
= 6 11
[2a + (10 – 1) d] = –150
2
Last term (an) = 99 5 (2a + 9d) = –150
a + (n – 1)d = 99 2a+ 9d = –30 (i)
3 + (n – 1)6 = 99 Also, S20 – S10 = –550
6 (n – 1) = 96 20 10
(2a + 19d) – (2a + 9d) = –550
n – 1 = 16 2 2
10 (2a + 19d) – 5 (2a + 9d) = –550
n = 17

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
87
 2 (2a + 19d) – (2a + 9d) = –110 D
= A (q – r + r – p + p – r) + [(p – 1) (q – r)
4a + 38d – 2a – 9d = –110 2
+ (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]
2a + 29d = –110 (ii)
D
=0+ [pq – pr – q + r + qr – qp – r + p +
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 2
2a + 9d – 2a – 29d = –30 + 110 rp – rq – p + q]

– 20d = 80 =0+0

d = –4 =0

From (i), 2a + 9( –4) = –30 32. Let a and d be the first term and common
term of an A.P.
2a = –30 + 36 1
am =
2a = 6 n
1
a = 3 a + (m – 1) d = (i)
n
So, A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ... 1
Also, an =
i.e. 3, 3 – 4, 3 – 8, ... m
1
i.e. 3, –1, –5, ... a + (n – 1) d = (ii)
m
Section D On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get

31. Let A, D be first term and common difference 1 1

a + (n – 1)d – a – (m – 1)d = –
respectively. m n
p n−m
Sp = a [2A + (p – 1) D ] = a d (n – 1 – m + 1) =
2 mn
q n−m
Sq = b [2A + (q – 1) D ] = b d (n – m) =
2 mn
r
Sr = c [2A + (r – 1) D ] = c 1
2 d =
Consider mn
a b c 1 1
(q – r) + (r – p) + (p – q) From (i), a + (m – 1) =
p q r mn n
1 p 1 q 1 1
= [2A + (p – 1) D] (q – r) + [2A + a + (m – 1) =
p 2 q 2 mn n
1 r 1 1 1
(q – 1) D) (r – p) + [2A + (r – 1)D] (p – q) a+ – =
r 2 n mn n
1 1 1
= [2A + (p – 1) D] (q – r) + [2A + (q – 1) D] a =
2 2 mn
1
(r – p) + [2A + (r – 1) D] (p – q) Consider
2
D
= [A (q – r) + A (r – p) + A (p – q)] + [(p – 1) mn  2 1 
Smn =  + ( mn −1)
mn 
2
2  mn
(q – r) + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]

88 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 mn  2 1  25 15
=  +1− = × (1 + 15) = 750 m3
2  mn mn  4 2
mn  1  34. Let the first term and common difference of
=  +1 an A.P. be a and d respectively.
2  mn 
Let S and S1 be the sum of odd terms and even
mn  mn + 1 terms of A.P.
=
2  mn  S = a1 + a3 + a5 + .... + a2n + 1
1 n +1
= (mn + 1) = (a1 + a2n + 1)
2 2
33. Length of each step = 50 m n +1
= [a + a + (2n + 1 – 1) d]
1 2
Width of each step = m = (n + 1) (a + nd)
2
1 S1 = a2 + a4 + a6 + .... + a2n
Height of first step = m n
4 S1 = [2a + 2nd]
1 1 1 2
Height of second step = + = m = n (a + nd)
4 4 2
3
Height of third step = m so on. S (n +1)( a + nd)
Consider =
4 S1 n ( a + nd)
Volume of concrete required to build the first n +1
1 1 =
step (V1) = 50 × × m3 n
2 4
35. Consider 1, 2, 3, ..., 999, 1000
Volume of concrete required to build the
This sequence forms an AP with first term
1  1
second step (V2) = 50 × ×  2 ×  (a) = 1 and common difference (d) = 1
2  4
1 3 3 We know that
(V3) = 50 × × m and so on.
2 4 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
Total volume of concrete 2
= V1 + V2 + V3 + ... + V15 1000
S1000 = [2 + (1000 – 1) 1]
2
 1 1  1  1 
=  50 × ×  + 50 × ×  2 ×   = 500 (2 + 999)
 2 4  2  4 
= 500 (1001)
 1 1  1  1 
+  50 × × 3 ×  + .... + 50 × × 15 ×   = 500500
 2 4  2  4 
Now consider list of numbers divisible by 2:
 1 1 2 3 15  2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 1000
=  50 ×   + + + .... + 
 2 4 4 4 4 This sequence also forms an AP with a = 2,
1000
1 2 3 15  d = 2, n = = 500
= 25  + + + .... +  m3 2
4 4 4 4 500
S500 = [2 (2) + (500 – 1) 2]
25 2
= (1 + 2 + .... + 15) m3 = 250 (4 + 499 (2)]
4
= 250500
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
89
 Again, consider list of numbers divisible by 5: n
= [304 – 4n]
5, 10, 15, ..., 1000 2
1000 = n (152 – 2n)
Here, a = 5, d = 5, n = = 200
5 If the workers did not drop,
200
S200 = [10 + (200 – 1) 5] work would have been finished in (n – 8) days
2
such that 150 workers work on each day.
= 100 [10 + 5 (199)]
∴ Total number of workers who worked all
= 100500 the n days = 150 (n – 8)
Now, we will consider list of numbers divisible ∴ n(152 – 2n) = 150 (n – 8)
by both 2 and 5 i.e. 2 × 5 = 10
152 n – 2n2 = 150n – 1200
10, 20, 30, ..., 1000
152n – 150n = 2n2 – 1200
This list of numbers form an AP with
2n2 – 2n – 1200 = 0
1000
a = 10, d = 10, n = = 100 n2 – n – 600 = 0
10
100 n2 – 25n + 24n – 600 = 0
S100 = [20 + (100 – 1) 10]
2
n (n – 25) + 24 (n – 25) = 0
= 50 (20 + 990)
(n + 24) (n – 25) = 0
= 50500
n = –24, n = 25
Therefore, sum of numbers which are either
divisible by 2 or 5 Being the number of days, n cannot be negative,
so, n = 25
= S200 + S500 – S100
= 100500 + 250500 – 50500 ∴ Work would be completed in 25 days
= 300500 37. Consider the sequence: 200, 250, 300, ...
So, sum of numbers from 1 to 1000 that are This sequence form an AP with first term
neither divisible by 2 nor by 5 (a) = 200 and common difference (d) = 50
2 nor by S = S1000 – 300500 We know that
= 500500 – 300500 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
= 200000 2
36. Suppose the work is completed in n days 30
S30 = [2 (200) + (30 – 1) 50]
2
Consider an AP: 150, 146, 142, ...
= 15 [400 + 1450]
Here, First term (a) = 150
Common difference (d) = – 4 = 27,750
Total number of workers who worked all the ∴ The contractor has to pay $ 27,750 as
n days. = Sn penalty, if he has delayed the work by 30
n days.
= [2 (150) + (n – 1) (–4)]
2 38. Consider AP: 20, 19, 18, ....
n
= (300 – 4n + 4) Here, First term (a) = 20
2
Common difference (d) = – 1
90 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let 200 logs be placed in n rows b−a c −b
i.e. =
∴ Sn = 200 (b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c )
n c −b
[2(20) + (17 – 1) (–1)] = 200 b−a
2 i.e. =
n b+c a+b
[40 – n + 1] = 200
2 i.e. (b – a) (a + b) = (c – b) (b + c)
n (41 – n) = 400
i.e. ab + b2 – a2 – ab = bc + c2 – b2 – bc
–n + 41n – 400 = 0
2
i.e. b2 – a2 = c2 – b2
n – 41n + 400 = 0
2
∴ a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
n – 16n – 25n + 400 = 0
2
40. 10m 5m 5m
n (n – 16) – 25 (n – 16) = 0 Well
(n – 16) (n – 25) = 0
Distance covered by gardener to water 1st
n = 16 or 25 tree and return to the initial position
If n = 25, = 10 m + 10 m = 20 m
a25 = 20 + (25 – 1) (–1) Distance covered by gardener to water 2nd
= 20 – 24 tree and return to initial position

= –4 not possible = 15 m + 15 m = 30 m

So, n = 16 Distance covered by gardener to water 3rd

tree and return to initial position.
So, 200 logs are placed in 16 rows.
= 20 m + 20 m = 40 m
a16 = 20 + (16 – 1) (– 1)
So, we get an AP: 20, 30, 40, ...
= 20 – 15 = 5
With first term (a) = 20
So, there are 5 logs in the top row.
difference (d) = 10
39. Given : a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
Total distance covered by the gardener
1 1 1
To prove : , , are in A.P. = S25
b+c c+a a+b
25
1 1 1 = [2 (20) + (25 – 1) 10]
, , are in AP 2
b+c c+a a+b 25
1 1 = [40 + 240]
1 1 2
if − = −
c+a b+c a+b c+a 25
= × 280
(b + c ) − ( c + a ) (a + c) − (a + b) 2
= 25 × 140
i.e. =
(b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c )
= 3500 m
b+c−c−a a + c −a −b
i.e. = ∴ Total distance covered by the gardener
(b + c )( a + c ) ( a + b )( a + c ) to water all trees = 3500 m

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
91
 Chapter

06 Triangles
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AX AY
=
BX YC
1. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ PQR
ar ∆ABC  BC 
2 AX AY
∴ = +1 = +1
ar ∆PQR  QR  BX YC
AB AC
( 4.5)
2
9 =
⇒ = BX CY
16 ( QR )2
4BX AC
4.5 × 4.5 ×16 = (∴AB = 4BX)
⇒ (QR)2 = BX 2
9
AC
4.5 × 4 4 = 25
⇒ QR = 2
3 AC = 8 cm
= 1.5 x 4
= 6 cm So, AY = AC – CY
2. We know that ratio of area of two similar =8–2
triangles is equal to square of ratio of their
Corresponding sides (say x and y) = 6 cm
2
9 x Option (d)
⇒ = 
16  y  4.
x 3 A
⇒ =
y 4
Option (a)
3.
A
4BX

B C
X Y
2 cm AB2 = 2 AC2
= AC2 + AC2
B C
AS XY ll BC, so by basic proportionality theorem = AC2 + BC2 +

92 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 [∴ AC = BC] 2.
A B
∴ AB2 = Ac2 + BC2
∴ ∆ABC is a triangle right angled at C
i.e. ∠C = 90o
O

Option (c)
D C
5. A AC = 30 cm
BD = 40 cm

1
m

OA = OC = AC = 15 cm
5c
6c

2
m

1
OB = OD = BD = 20 cm
2
In ∆ AOB, ∠AOB = 90O
B 3 cm D C
(Diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 90o)
AS AD bisects ∠BAC
AB2 = AO2 + OB2 (Pythagoras theorem)
AB AC
∴ = = (152) + (202)
BD CD
[By internal angle bisector theorem] = 225 + 400

6 5 = 625
⇒ =
3 CD AB = 25 cm
3× 5
⇒ CD = = 2.5 cm ∴ AB = BC = CA = AD = 25 cm
6
Option (b) (All sides of rhombus are equal)

WORKSHEET 1 3.
A
Section A
6 cm
1. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF
In ∆ ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o
57o + ∠B 73o = 180o C B
∠B + 130o = 180o
In ∆ ABC,
∠B = 108 – 130o o
AC = BC = 6 cm (AS ∆ ABC is isosceles)
= 50 o
Also, ∠C = 90o
∴ ∠E = ∠B = 50o ∴ AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (Pythagoras theorem)
[Corresponding angles of similar triangles are = 62 + 62
equal.]
= 36 + 36
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
93
 AB2 = 72 6. We know that ratio of the areas of two similar
triangles is equal to the square of their altitudes.
AB =6 2 cm 2
2
4. As, ∆DEF ~ ∆ABC ∴ Ratio of areas =   = 4.9
3
7. Given: abc~def
DE EF DF
= =
AB BC AC Find: Area of def
Area of def ef
DE 4 DF =
= = Area of abc Bc
3 2 2.5
Area of def 4
=
DE 4 4 DF 54 3
= = 54
3 2 2 2.5 Area of def = 4 ×
3
12 4 × 2.5 Area of def = 4 × 18
DE = DF =
2 2
= 6 cm = 5 cm Area of def = 72cm

Perimeter of ∆ DEF = DF + EF + DF 8.

= 6 + 4 + 5 = 15 cm B N

5. A
8m

D E
W E
A 15 m O

B C
Let AE = x cm
∴ CE = AC – AE = 5.6 – x cm S
In ∆BAO, ∠BAO = 90o
As DE II BC,
OB2 = AB² + AO2 (Pythagoras theorem)
AD AE
= = 82 + 152
DB CE
(By Basic proportionality theorem) = 64 + 225
3 x = 289
=
5 5.6 − x ∴ OB = 17m
5x = 3 (5.6 -x)
Section B
5x = 16.8 - 3x
9. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF,
8x = 16.8
ar ∆ABC BC 2
x = 2.1 cm =
ar ∆DEF EF 2
∴ AE = x =2.1 cm
94 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (In two similar triangles, the ratio of their areas In ∆ ADC, AF bisects ∠ DAC
is the square of ratio of their sides) CF AC
∴ =
64 BC 2
DF AD
=
121 (15.4 )2 AC
= (i) (As AB = AD)
64 AB
(BC)2 = x 15.4 x 15.4
121 In ∆ABC, AE bisects ∠ BAC
∴ BC = 11.2 cm CE AC
= (ii)
BE AB
10. A
From (i), (ii)
CF CE
=
DF BE
E F
∴ EF II BD
(By converse of Basic proportionaly theorem)

B D C 12. In ∆AOB ~ ∆COD

∠AOB = ∠COD (Vertically opposite angles)
In ∆ADB, DE is bisector of ∠ ADB
BD AO BO
AD = (Given)
= OC DO
BE AE
BD BE ∴ ∆AOB ~ ∆AOB (SAS)
i.e. = (i)
AD AE AO BO AB
So, = =
In ∆ADB, DF is bisector of ∠ADC OC OD DC
CD AD (Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
=
CF AF proportional)
CD CF 1 5
i.e. = =
AD AF 2 CD
BD CF
= (ii) CD = 10 cm
AD AF
(As AD is median ∴ BD = CD) 13. In ∆ KPN and ∆ KLM,
From (i) and (ii), we get
∠K =∠K (Common)
BE CF
= ∠ KNP = ∠ KML = 46o (Given)
AE AF
AE AF ∴ ∆KPN ~ ∆KLM (AA similarity criterion)
=
BE CF KP PN KN
So, by converse of Basic proportionality theorem = =
KL LM KM
EF II BC x c
=
a b+c
11. ac
x =
b+c

C
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
95
 14. In ∆ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2
A B
(2x + 6)2 = x2 + (2x + 4)2
F E 4x2 + 36 + 24x = x2 + 4x2 + 16 +16x
O = x2 – 20 – 8x
D C x2 – 8x – 20 =0
In ∆AFD and ∆BEF
x2 – 10x + 2 (x2 – 10) = 0
(Alternate intetior angles) (x2 – 10) (x – 2) =0
∠AFD = ∠BFE x = 10, – 2
(Vertically opposite angles) Being a side, x = – 2 is rejected
∴ ∆AFD ~ ∆EFB ∴ x = 10
EF FB So, AB = 10 m
So, =
FA DF
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are BC = 2x + 4 = 24 m
proportional.) AC = 2x + 6 = 26 m
DF x EF = FB x FA
17. We know that diagonals of rhombus bisect
each other at 90o.
15. As DE II AC, So in ∆ABC
BC BE Let AC = 24 cm
= (i)
CP EC BD = 10 cm
1
(Basic proportionality theorem) AO = OC = AC = 12 cm
2
BE BC 1
Also, = (ii) (Given) BO = OD = BD = 5 CM
EC CP 2
BD BC In ∆AOB,
From (i), (ii), we have =
AD CP AB2 = BO2 + AO2
∴ DC II AP
= 52 + 122
(By converse of Basic proportionality theorem.)
= 25 + 144
16.
A = 169
2x+6 ∴ AB = 13 cm
x
As all sides of rhombus are equal,

B 2x+ 4 C AB = BC = CD = AD = 13 cm

18. In ∆ABC, DE II BC
Let the shorter side be x m
∴ Hypotenuse = 2x + 6
AD AE
=
DB EC
Also, Third side = 2x + 6 -2
[ Basic proportionality theorem ]
= 2x + 4
96 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x x−2 BC BQ CQ
= = =
x−2 x −1 AC AP CP
x (x – 1) = (x – 2) (x + 2) [Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional]
x2 – x = x2 – 4 BC Z
= (i)
x =4 AC x
In ∆ABQ and ∆ACR,
Section C ∠BAQ = ∠CAR (common)
19. A ∠ABQ = ∠ACR = 90°
p cm
(BQ and RC are perpendicular)
∴ ∆ABQ ~ ∆ACR (AA Similarity creterior)
AB BQ AQ
B q cm C = =
AC CR AR
In ∆ ABC, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 AB Z
= (ii)
P2 = AB2 + q2 AC Y
AB2 = p2 – q2 From (i),
BC z
= (p – q) (p + q) 1– =1–
AC x
= 1 (p + q) AC – BC x–z
=
AB² = p + q AC x
AB x–z
AB = p +q = (iii)
AC x
QT QR From (ii) and (iii)
20. = (Given)
PR QS AB z x–z
= =
In ∆PQR, ∠1 = ∠2 AC y x
∴ PQ = PR z z
=1 –
y x
[sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
z z
QT QR + =1
So, = x y
PR QS
1 1 1
Also, ∠Q = ∠Q (common) + =
x y z
∴ ∆PQS ~ ∆TQR 22. A
[By SAS Similarity cretirion]

21. In ∆CBQ and ∆CAP,

∠BCQ = ∠ACP (common) 2a 2a
∠QBC = ∠PAC = 90°
(PA and QB are perpendicular)
∴ ∆CBQ ~ ∆CAP (AA Similarity creterion) B D C
2a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
97
 Draw AD ⊥ BC Let AC = CE denotes the ladder
In ∆ADB and ∆ADC In ∆ABC, AC² = AB² + BC²
AB = AC = 2a (Given) 15² = 12² + BC²
A D = A D 225 – 144 = BC²
(Common)
BC² = 81
∠ADB = ∠ADC
BC =9m
= 90° (By Construction)
In ∆CDE, CE² = DE² + CD²
∴ ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC (RHS)
15² = 9² + CD²
1
∴ BD = DC = BC
2 225 – 81 = CD²
=a (CPCT)
144 = CD²
In ∆ADC, right angled at D
12 = CD
AC² = AD² + DC²
So, BD = BC + CD
(2a) = AD² + a²
2
= 9 + 12 = 21 m
AD² = 4a² – a² = 3a²
Section D
AD 3a =
25. In ∆XPQ and ∆XYZ,
So, length of the altitude of an equilateral
XP XQ
triangle = 3 a cm = =3 (Given)
PY XZ
23. In ∆AOB, XY || AB ∠X = ∠X (Common)
OX OY ∴ ∆XPQ ~ ∆XYZ
∴ =
AX BY (SAS Similarity creterion)
(i) [ Basic Proportionality theorem ]
ar  XPQ  XP 
2
 PQ 
2
 XQ 
2

So, ar  XYZ =   =  YZ  =  XZ 
In ∆AOC, XZ || AC  XY     
OZ OX [ Ratio of area of two similar triangles is equal
∴ =
ZC AX to square of their corresponding sides]
(ii) [ Basis Proportionality theorem ] 2
ar  XPQ  XP  3
2

OY OZ =  = 
By (i) and (ii), = 32  XY  4
BY ZC
∴ YZ || BC 9
ar ∆XPQ = × 32  XP 
[ By Converse of Basic proportionality theorem]
16  Py = 3 
 
A  Py 1 
24. E  XP = 3 
 
15  Py +1= 1 +1
m m  XP 3 
12 m 15 9m  XY 4 
 = 
 XP 3 
B C D
98 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 18 cm² = AC²
area of quadrilateral PYZQ ∴ AB² + BC² = AC²
= ar ∆XYZ – ar ∆XPQ
27. As XY || AC
= 32 – 18 ∠BXY = ∠A (Corresponding angles)
= 14 cm² ∠BYX = ∠C (Corresponding angles)

26. B ∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆XBY (AA Similarity Creterion)

2
D ar  ABC  AB 
So, =  (i)
ar  XBY  XB 
[ Ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal
to square of ratio of their corresponding sides]
A C Also, ar ∆ABC = 2 ar (XBY)
In ∆ABC, right angled at B,
ar  ABC 2
We need to prove AC² = AB² + BC² i.e. = (ii)
ar  XBY 1
Draw BD⊥ AC From (i) and (ii),
We know that if a perpendicular drawn from 2
 AB  2
the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle  XB  =
to the hypotenuse then triangles on both   1
sides of the perpendicular are similar to the AB 2
whole triangle and to each other. =
XB 1
So, ∆CBA and ∆CDB XB 1
=
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles AB 2
are proportionals XB 1
∴ 1– =1–
AB 2
CB CA
= AB − XB 2 −1
CD CB =
CB² = CA x CD (i) AB 2

Also, ∆ABC and ∆ADB XB 2 −1 2− 2

= =
AB 2 2
AB BC AC
= = 28.
AD BD AB A
AB AC
=
AD AB
c
b D
AB² = AC × AD (ii)
p
From (i) and (ii),

AB² + BC² = AC × AD + AC × CD C a B

In ∆ACB, right angled at C such that CD ⊥ AB.

= AC (AD + CD)
We know that if a perpendicular is drawn from
= AC × AC
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
99
 the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to ∆BDE ~ ∆ABC
the hypotenuse then triangles on both sides of the
∆CEF ~ ∆ABC
perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and
to each other Proof:-
So, ∆BDC ~ ∆BCA Consider the ∆ADF and ∆ABC
BD DC BC Since D and F are the mid points of AB and
∴ = =
BC CA BA AC respectively.
p a
i.e. = ∴ DF // BC
b c
pc = ab ⇒ ∠AFD = ∠B (Corresponding angles are
equal)
ab
⇒ p = Now, in ∆ADF and ∆ABC, we have
c
a2 b2 ∠ADF = ∠B(Corresponding angles)
⇒ p² = 2
c ∠A = ∠A(Common)
1 c2
⇒ 2 = 2 2 By AA similar conditions,
p ab
∆ADF ~ ∆ABC
In ∆ACB, AC² + BC² = AB²b² + a² = c²
Similarly, we have
1 a2 + b2
= 2 2 ∆BDE ~ ∆ABC
p2 a b
1 a2 b2 ∆CEF ~ ∆ABC
= 2 2 + 2 2
p2 a b a b ∴ EF // AB
1 1 1
= 2 + 2 ⇒ EF // AD..........(1)
p2 a b
And, DE // AC
29. A
⇒ DE // AF..........(2)
From eqn (1) and (2), we have
ADEF is a parallelogram.
D F Similarly, BDFE is a parallelogram.
Now, in ∆ABC and ∆DEF
∠A = ∠FED ( Opposite angles of
parallelogram)
B E C ∠B = ∠DFE ( Opposite angles of
Given that:- parallelogram)

∆ABC in whichD, E, F are the mid points of Therefore, by AA similar condition

sides AB, BC and CA respectively. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
To prove:- each of the triangles are similar to Hence proved that each of the triangles are
the original triangle, i.e., similar to the original triangle.
∆ADF ~ ∆ABC

100 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
30. E A B 31.
A P
1
1 2 3 4

3
D C
2
B D C Q S R
Given :AD and PS are bisectors of ∠A and ∠P
4 respectively. Such that
F BD QS
=
Consider ∆EDA and ∆EFB DC SR
To prove = ∆ABC ~∆PQR
∠1 = ∠2 (Common)
ProofIn ∆ABC, AD is bisector of ∠A
∠3 = ∠4
AB AC
[ Corresponding angles as AD || BF ] ∴ =
BD CD
∴ ∆EDA ~ ∆EFB AB BD
i.e. = (i)
AC CD
(AA Similarity Creterion)
In ∆PQR, PS is bisector of ∠P
DA EA
∴ = PQ PR
FB EB ∴ =
QS RS
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles
proportional ] PQ QS
i.e. = (ii)
PR RS
DA FB
⇒ = (i) BD QS
AE BE Also, = (iii)
Consider ∆EDA and ∆DFC DC SR
From (i), (ii), (iii), we get
∠1 = ∠2 (Corresponding angles as BE || CD)
AB PQ AB AC
= ⇒ =
∠3 = ∠4 (Corresponding angles as AD || BF) AC PR PQ PR
Also, ∠A = ∠P (Given)
∴ ∆EDA ~ ∆DFC (AA Similarity Creterion)
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
ED DA EA
∴ = = 32. A
DF FC DC
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional] E
DA EA
i.e. =
FC DC
DA FC B D C
⇒ = (ii)
AE CD ∆ABC is a right triangle right-angled at B
From (i) and (ii),
∴ AD² = AB² + BD²
DA FB FC
= = (By Pythagoras tearoom)
AE BE CD
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
101
 2 2
 BC  ar  ABC  AB 
⇒ AD² = AB² +   [ ∵ BD = DC ] ∴ = 
 2  ar DEF  DE 
1 [Ratio of areas of similar triangles is
⇒ AD² = AB² + BC² (i) Proportional to the square of ratio of ratio of
4
Also, ∆BCE is a right triangle right angled at B their corresponding sides ]

( 26 )
2
∴ CE² = BC² + BE² 169
⇒ =
2 121 DE
 AB 
⇒ CE² = BC² +   [ ∵ BE = EA]
( 26 )
2
 2  ×121
⇒ DE² =
1 169
⇒mCE² = BC² + AB² (ii)
4 26 ×11
⇒ DE = = 22 cm
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 13
5 3.
AD² + CE² = (AB² + BC²) A
4
5
⇒ AD² + CE² = AC²
4
[As ∆ABC is right triangle
∴ AC² = AB² + BC² ] 3 cm
2
3 5  5
⇒   + CE² = (25)
 2  4
B D C
125 45
⇒ CE² = – = 20 ∆ABC is equilateral and AD is the Median
4 4
such that AD = 3 cm
∴ CE = 20 cm = 2 5 cm
In an equilateral triangle, median and altitude
are same
WORKSHEET 2
∴ AD ⊥ BC
Section A Also, DC =
1
AC
2
1. ∆ABC ~ ∆RPQ [ As AD is the Median ]
AB BC AC
∴ = = AC² = AD² + CD²
RP PQ RQ
2
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
( 3) 1 
2
AC² = +  AC 
proportional] 2 
3 5 6 1
∴ = = AC² =3+ AC²
6 10 RQ 4
3
6 ×10 AC² = 3
RQ = = 12 cm 4
5
AC² =4
2. DABC ~ DDEF
AC = 2 cm

102 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
4. D C 2
1  2 
3 =  
x– x+ 2+4
2
O x– 2

5 1 2
=  
x+ 2 6
A B 1
In ∆COD and ∆AOB, =
9
∠1 = ∠2 6. DE || BC
[ Corresponding angles as AB || CD] AD AC
∴ =
∠AOB = ∠COD BD CE
(Basic Proportionality theorem)
[Vertically opposite angles]
BD CE
∴ ∆COD ~ ∆AOB ⇒ =
AD AE
CO OD CD BD CE
∴ = = ⇒ +1 = +1
AO OB AB AD AE
[ Corresponding sides of similar triangles are BD + AD CE + AE
proportional. ] ⇒ =
AD AE
x +3 x −2 AB AC
= =
x +5 x −1 AD AE
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common)
⇒ (x + 3) (x – 1) = (x – 2) (x + 5)
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
⇒ x² + 2x – 3 = x² + 3x – 10
⇒ 7 =x AD DE AE
⇒ = =
AB BC AC
5. In ∆SPT and ∆QPR, [Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
∠PST = ∠PQR proportional]

[ Corresponding angles as ST || QR ] AD DE
⇒ =
AB BC
∠PTS = ∠PRQ 1.5 DE
⇒ =
∴ ∆SPT ~ ∆QPR 6 8
1.5 × 8
[AA Similarity Creterion] ⇒ DE = = 2 cm
6
2
arPST  PT  7. As MN || AB,
∴ = 
arPQR  PR  CM CN
=
[Ratio of areas of two similar triangles is equal AM BN
to square of ratio of their corresponding [Basic proportionality theorem]
sides]
2 2 BC − BN
 PT  =
=   4 BN
 PT + TR 

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
103
 1 7.5 − BN = AB²
2 = ∴ ∆ABC is right angled triangle
BN
∴ BN = 15 – 2BN [ As we know that in a triangle, if square of
one side is equal to sum of the squares of
⇒ 3BN = 15 other two sides then the angle opposite the
BN = 5 cm first side is a right angle. ]

8. We know that ratio of area of two similar Section B

triangles is equal to square of ratio of their
corresponding sides. 11. D

cm
So, Ratio of corresponding sides

2.5
5 R
25
= =
64 8

m
5c
9. DE || BC
E 1.5 cm S 3.5 cm F
AD AE
⇒ = In a triangle ∆DEF, R and S are two points on
DB CE
[ Basic proportionality theorem ] the sides DE and EF respectively. ER=5cm,
RD=2.5cm, FS=3.5 and SD=1.5cm.
DB CE ER 5 2 FS 3.5 7
⇒ +1 = +1 ∴ = = and = =
AD AE RD 2.5 1 SD 1.5 3
AB AC ER FS
⇒ = ≠
AD AE RD SD
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common) ∴, RS is not parallel to DF.
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC A
12.
(SAS Similarity Creterion)
5 3M

2
ar  ADE  DE 
∴ =  
ar  ABC  BC 
2
2 
 3 BC  B 5M C
ar ADE  
= 2 In ∆ABC, right angled at B
81 BC
AC² = AB² + BC
ar ADE 4
=
81 9
( )
2
+ ( 5)
2
= 5 3
4
ar ∆ADE = × 81 = 36 cm² = 75 + 25
9
10. Considers AC² + BC² = 100

= AC² + AC² (∵ AC = BC) ∴ AC = 10 M

= 2AC²

104 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13. A AD AE
=
AD + 3 AD 18
1 AE
=
D E 4 18
18 9
AE = = = 4.5 cm
4 2
14. Consider ∆ABC with sides as
B C
AB = (a – 1) cm
As DE || BC

AD AE
BC ( )
= 2 a cm
=
DB CE AC = (a + 1) cm
BD CE
= Consider AB² + BC²
AD AE
( )
2
= ( a −1) + 2 a
2
BD CE
⇒ +1= +1
AD AE
= a² + 1 – 2a + 4a
AB AC
⇒ = = a² + 2a + 1
AD AE
AD AE
= ( a +1)
2
⇒ = (i)
AB AC
Also, ∠A = ∠A (Common) = AC²
∴ ∆ABC is a right angled triangle
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC (SAS Similarity Creterion)
[ As we know that in a triangle if square of one side
is equal to the sum of squares of other two sides,
AD DE AE
∴ = = then the angle opposite the first side is a right angle
AB BC AC i.e. triangle is right angled ]
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
15. A
proportional ]

AD AE
⇒ =
AD + BD AC

AD 4.5
⇒ =
AD + 3 AD AC

AD 4.5 B D C
⇒ = Draw AD ⊥ BC
4 AD AC
⇒ AC = 4.5 × 4 = 18 cm In ∆ADB and ∆ADC
AD AE AD = AD (Common)
Also, = ( From (i) )
AB AC
AB = AC (∆ABC is equilateral)
AD AE
= ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90° (By Construction)
AD + BD 18

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
105
 ∴ ∆ADB ≅ ∆ADC (RHS) CD CE
=
1 1 BD BE
⇒ CD = BC = 3 3 cm [CPCT] BD CD
2 2
⇒ =
In ∆ADC, BE CE

AC² = AD² + CD² 17. A D

2
3 3 
(3 3 )
2
= AD² +  
 2  P
27
AD² = 27 –
4
108 − 27 B C
= To prove: AP × PC = BP × PD
4
81 Consider ∆APB and ∆DPC
=
4
9 ∠BAP = ∠CDP = 90° (Given)
∴ AC = = 4.5 cm
2
∠APB = ∠DPC
16. F
(Vertically opposite angles)
A
∴ DAPB ~ ∆DPC (AA similarity
crelerion)
AP PB AB
∴ = =
DP PC DC
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional)
B D C E
AP PB
BD CD ⇒ =
To prove = = DP PC
BE CE ⇒ AP × PC = BP × PD
As AD bisects ∠BAC,
18. Consider ∆QPM and ∆RSM
AB AC
= [Interior angle bisector ∠QPM = ∠RSM = 90°
BD CD
theorem]
∠QMP = ∠RMS
CD AC
∴ = (i) (Vertically opposite angles)
BD AB
Also, AE bisects ∠CAF ∴ ∆QPM ~ ∆RSM (AA similarity Creterion)
BE CE QP PM QM
∴ =
AB AC ∴ = =
RS SM RM
BE AB
⇒ = [Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
CE AC proportional ]
CE AC
⇒ = (ii) PM QM
BE AB i.e. =
From (i) and (ii) SM RM

106 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 3 QM (AA similarity creterion)
=
4 6 AO OB AB
3× 6 3× 3 ∴ = =
QM = = = 4.5 cm CO OD CD
4 2 [Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
19. proportional. ]
A
OB AB
⇒ =
OD CD
3 AB
⇒ =
1 CD
⇒ AB = 3CD

Section C
B D C 21. In ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
AD bisects ∠A So, by Interior angle bisector ∠A = ∠A (Common)
theorem
∠ADE = ∠ABC (Given)
AB BD
=
AC DC ∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC (AA similarity createrion)
AB BD
= =1 AD DE AE
AC DC ⇒ = =
[ ∵ BD = DC as D is a midpoint of BC] AB BC AC
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
AB = AC proportional]
∴ ∆ABC is an isosceles.
AD DE
∴ =
20. AB BC
A B 7.6 DE
⇒ =
AE + BE 8.4
3
7.6 DE
1 O ⇒ =
7.2 + 4.2 8.4
7.6 DE
D C ⇒ =
11.4 8.4
Here,AC divides the diagonal BD in the ratio 1 : 3 7.6 × 8.4
⇒ DE =
Consider ∆AOB and ∆COD 11.4
= 5.6 cm
∠BAO = ∠DCO
22. In ∆ABC, LM || BC
(Alternate interior angles as AB || CD)
AM AL
∠AOB = ∠COD ∴ =
BM CL
(Vertically opposite angles) (i) [ Basic proportionality theorem ]

∴ ∆AOB ~ ∆COD In ∆ADC, LN || CD

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
107
 ∠B = ∠Q (Proved)
AN AL
∴ = ∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR (SSS similarity creterion)
DN CL
(ii) [ Basic proportionality theorem ]
24.
AM AN A
From (i) and (ii), =
BM DN
BM DN
⇒ =
AM AN
BM DN
⇒ +1 = +1
AM AN B D E C
AB AD
⇒ = Let AB = BC = AC = a
AM AN
⇒ AM × AD = AB × AN
BC a
∴ BD = =
A P 4 4
23.
Draw AE ⊥ BC
a
∴ BE = EC =
2
[ In Equilateral triangle altitude is same as Median]
A D C Q M R In right angled triangle ∆AED,
In ∆ABD and ∆PQM AD² = DE² + AE² (i)

AB AD BC Now, DE = BE – BD
= = (Given) a a 1 a
PQ PM QR = – [ ∵ BD = = ]
2 4 4 4
AB AD BD a
⇒ = = = (ii)
PQ PM QM 4
1 In ∆AEC,
BC
AB AD 2
⇒ = = AC² = AE² + CE²
PQ PM 1
QR a
2
2 a² = AE² +  
(As AD and PM are the medians) 2
a2 3a 2
∴ ∆ABD ~ ∆PQM AE² = a² – = (iii)
4 4
(SSS similarity creterion) On putting (ii), (iii) in (i), we get
2 2
∴ ∠B = ∠Q a  3a 
AD² =   +  
[ Corresponding angles of similar triangles are 4  4
equal] a2 3a 2
= +
Now, In ∆ABC and ∆PQR 16 4
AB BC a +12a 2
2

= (Given) =
PQ QR 16

108 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 13a 2 = (3 + 2)2 + 122
=
16 = 25 + 144
16 AD² = 13 a²
= 169
16AD² = 13 BC²
∴ AB = 13 cm
25. As ∆ABC is isosceles, AB BC
As =
AB = AC AD DE
13 12
∴ ∠B = ∠C ∴ =
3 DE
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal) 12 × 3 36
∴ DE = = cm
13 13
In ∆ADB and ∆EFC
BC AC
Also, =
∠ADB = ∠EFC DE AE
12 5
(AS EF ⊥ AC and AD ⊥ CD) ⇒ 36 =
AE
∠B = ∠C (Proved) 13
∴ ∆ADB ~ ∆EFC (AA similarity creterion) 12 ×13 5
⇒ =
36 AE
AD BD AB
∴ = = 5 × 36
EF FC EC ⇒ AE =
12 ×13
AD AB
i.e. = 15
EF EC = cm
13
⇒ AD × EC = AB × EF
27. As ∆NSQ ≅ ∆MTR,
26. In ∆ABC and ∆ADE,
∠NQS = ∠MRT (CPCT)
∠A = ∠A (Common)
⇒ PQ = PR (i)
∠ACB = ∠AED = 90°
(Sides opposite to equal angles are equal)
(As DE ⊥ AB and ∆ABC is right angled at C)
Also, as ∠1 = ∠2
∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆ADE
∴ PS = PT (ii)
(By AA Similarity creterion)
(Sides opposite to equal angles are equal.)
AB BC AC
⇒ = = On Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
AD DE AE
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are PQ – PS = PR – PT
proportional ]
QS = TR (iii)
In ∆ABC, ∠C = 90°
From (ii) and (iii),
∴ AB² = AC² + BC²
PS PT PS PT
= ⇒ =
[ By Pythagoras theorem ] QS TR PQ PR
Also, ∠P = ∠P (Common)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
109
 ∴ ∆PST ~ ∆PQR 29. In ∆AOD, MO bisects ∠AOD,
(SAS similarity creterion) So, by interior angle bisector theorem,
AO AM
Section D = (i)
OD DM
28. In ∆BOC, NO bisects ∠BOC
C So, by interior angle bisector theorem,
E
BO BN
=
F CO CN
D CO CN
⇒ = (ii)
BO BN
B G A AO
We know that AO = OD ⇒ =1
In ∆AFG and ∆DBG, OD
∠AGF = ∠DBG CO
and CO = BO ⇒ =1
BO
(Corresponding angles as GF || BC) (Radii of same circle)

∠GAF = ∠BDG = 90° (∵ DE FG is a So, From (i) and (ii), we get

square)
AM CN
=
∴ ∆AFG ~ ∆DBG (i) DM BN
30.
(AA similarity creterion)
B
In ∆AGF and ∆EFC,
∠AFG = ∠CEF = 90°
M
∠AFG = ∠ECF
(Corresponding angles as GF || BC)
C L A
∴ ∆AGF ~ ∆EFC (ii)
In ∆ABC, BC² = AB² + AC²
(AA similarity creterion) (By Pythagoras theorem)
From (i), (ii), we get In ∆ABL, BL² = AB² = AL²
∆DBG ~ ∆EFC 1 
2

= AB² +  AC 
BD DG 2 
⇒ = 1
EF EC [As L is a midpoint of AC ∴ AL = AC ]
[Corresponding sides of similar triangles are 2
proportional] AC 2
BL² = AB² +
4
BD DE 4BL² = 4AB² + AC² (i)
⇒ =
DE EC
In ∆CMA, CM² = AC² + AM²
[As DEFG is a square, EF = DE and DG = DE] 2
1 
⇒ DE² = BD × EC = AC² +  AB 
2 
110 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AB 2 To prove : AE² + BD² = AB² + DE²
= AC +
4 Proof In ∆ACE, AE² = AC² + CE² (i)
1 (By Pythagoras theorem)
[As M is a midpoint of AB ∴ AM = AB ]
2 In ∆DCB, BD² = DC² + BC² (ii)
⇒ 4 CM² = 4AC² + AB² (ii)
(By Pythagoras theorem)
From (i), (ii), we get
In ∆ABC, AB² = AC² + BC² (iii)
4(BL² + CM²) = 5 AB² + 5 AC²
(By Pythagoras theorem)
= 5 BC² In ∆DCE, DE² = DC² + CE² (iv)

31. (By Pythagoras theorem)

A Consider AE² + BD²
= AC² + CE² + DC² + BC² (By ① and ②)

D = (AC² + BC²) + (CE² + DC²)

= AB² + DE² (By ③,④)

C E B

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
111
 Chapter

07 Coordinate Geometry
4.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A
A
(4, 9) (0, 1)

D
(x, y)
(0, 0) O B (1, 0)

In DAOB,

B (2, 3) (6, 5) C AB² = AO² + OB²

1² + 1²
 4 + 2 9 +3 2
D(x, y) =  ,  = (3, 6)
 2 2 
AB = 2
( 6 − 3) + ( 5 − 6 )
2 2
So, CD = Perimeter = AO + OB + AB
=1+1+ 2
= 9 +1
Option (d)
= 10 units
WORKSHEET 1
Option (b)
2. As A, B and C are collinear Section A
 x1 + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 
∴ x (– 4 + 5) – 3 (– 5 – 2) + 7 (2 + 4) = 0 1. Centroid =  , 
 3 3 
x + 21 + 42 = 0
 4 − 9 + x3 −3 + 7 + y 3 
x = – 63 (1, 4) =  , 
 3 3 
Option (c)
 −5 + x3 4 + y 3 
(1, 4) =  , 
 6 − 2 −5 +11  3 3 
3. (2, p) = ,
 2 2  −5 + x3 4 + y3
=1 =4
= (2, 3) 3 3
x3 – 5 = 3 y3 + 4 = 12
⇒ p =3
x3 = 8 y3 = 8
Option (b)
So, third vertex is (8, 8)

112 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
2. k B (0, y) 1 ( 3 - 0 )2 + (P - 2 )2 = (P - 0 )2 + ( 5 - 2 )2
X Y 9 + (P - 2 )2 =
(a1, b1) (a2, b2) P2 + 9

Let the ratio be k : 1 (P – 2)2 = P2

P2 + 4 – 4P = P2
 ka2 + a1 kb2 + b1 
So, (0, y) = , 
 k +1 k +1  4P =4
ka2 + a1 P =1
=0
k +1
ka2 + a1 = 0 6. ( 4 - 1)2 + (K - 0 )2 = 5
ka2 = – a1 32 + K 2 =5
−a1 On Squarring both sides, we get
k =
a2 9 + K² = 25
K² = 25 – 9 = 16
2
2 8
 5 + 5  + (2 − 2)
3. Distance =
2 K² = 16
  K =±4
2
2 8 7.
= 5 + 5 +0
  A (1,2) B (4,3)
2
2+8
=  5 
 
= 2 sq. units
D (x,y) C (6,6)
4. Let Point on y - axis be (0, y). We know that diagonals of a parallelogram
bisect each other
(6 − 0) + (5 − y ) ( −4 − 0 ) + (3 − y )
2 2 2 2
=
Ê 1+ 6 2 + 6 ˆ Ê 4 + x 3 + y ˆ
∴Á , = ,
36 + 25 + y −10 y = 16 + 9 + y − 6 y
2 2
Ë 2 2 ¯˜ ËÁ 2 2 ¯˜

Ê7 ˆ Ê 4 +x 3+y ˆ
61 + y 2 −10 y = 25 + y 2 − 6 y Á 2 ,4˜ =Á ,
Ë ¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯
61 + y² – 10y = 25 + y² – 6y 4+x 3+y
7
∴ = and 4 =
36 = 4y 2 2 2
y =9 7 = 4 + x and 8 = 3 + y
So, point on y - axis which is equidistant x = 3 and y = 5
from point A (6, 5) and B (– 4, 3) is (0, 9)
So, coordinates of fourth uertex
5. As point A (0, 2) is equidistant from the = (x, y)
points B (3, P) and C (P, 5), So,
= (3, 5)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
113
 8. 10. P Q

A C B
(x, 4) Ê3 5ˆ
Á 2 ,2˜ (x +1, y + 2) A (u, v) (x, y) B
Ë ¯
(2, – 2) (– 7, 4)
As C is a midpoint of AB,
Point P divides AB in ratio 1: 2
Ê x + x +1 4 + y + 2 ˆ Ê 3 5 ˆ
Á 2
,
2 ˜ =Á , ˜ Ê 1( - 7 ) + 2 ( 2 ) 1( 4 ) + 2 ( - 2 ) ˆ
Ë ¯ Ë2 2¯ So, P (u,v) = ÁÁ , ˜
3 3 ˜
Ê 2 x +1 y + 6 ˆ Ê 3 5 ˆ Ë ¯
Á , = ,
Ë 2 2 ¯˜ ÁË 2 2 ˜¯ Ê - 7 +4 4 - 4 ˆ
=Á ,
Ë 3 3 ˜¯
2 x +1 3 y +6 5
∴ = and
2 2 2 2 = (– 1, 0)
2x + 1 = 3 and y + 6 = 5
Point Q divides AB in ratio 2 : 1
2x =2 and y = 5 – 6
x =1 and y – 1 Ê 2 ( - 7 ) +1( 2 ) 2 ( 4 ) +11( - 2 ) ˆ
So, Q (x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
Section B
Ê - 14 + 2 8 - 2 ˆ
=Á ,
9. Let y – coordinate by v
Ë 3 3 ¯˜
∴ x – coordinate = 2v Ê - 12 6 ˆ
=Á , ˜
So, point P is (2v, v) Ë 3 3¯

PQ = PR = (– 4, 2)

( 2 - 2v )2 + ( - 5 - v )2 = ( 3 - 2v )2 + ( 6 - v )2 11. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3) be the given

points
On squaring both sides, we get
AB = ( 6 - 3 )2 + ( 4 - 0 )2
(2 – 2v)² + (– 5 – v)² = (–3 – 2 v) + (6 – v)²
⇒ AB = (3)2 + (4)2
∴ 4 + 4 v² – 8v + 25 + v² + 10v
= 9 + 4v² = 12v + 36 + v² –12v ⇒ AB = 9 +16

⇒ 5v² + 2v + 29 = 5v² + 45 ⇒ AB = 25
⇒ 2v = 45 –29
BC = ( - 1 - 6 )2 + ( 3 - 4 )2
2v = 16
⇒ BC = (-7)2 + (-1)2
v=8
So, Point P is (2v, v) i.e. (16, 8) ⇒ BC = 49 +1

⇒ BC = 50

AC = ( - 1 - 3 )2 + ( 3 - 0 )2
114 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ AC = (-4)2 + (3)2 ( - a - a )2 + ( - a - a )2
AB =
⇒ AC = 16 + 9 = 4a2 + 4a2
⇒ AC = 25 8a 2
=
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
⇒ AB2 =ÁË ÁË 25˜¯ ˜
¯
= 2 2a Units
⇒ AB² = 25
⇒ AC² = 25 BC = ( - 3a + a )2 + ( 3a + a )2
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
⇒ BC² =ÁË ÁË 50˜¯ ˜
¯ = 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3a 2 + 3a 2 + 2 3a 2
⇒ BC² = 50 2
= 8a
Since AB² + AC² = BC² and AB = AC
∴ ABC is a right angled isosceles triangle. = 2 2a

12. AC = ( - 3a - a )2 + ( 3a - a )2

A P B = 3a 2 + a 2 + 2 3a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2 - 2 3a 2
Ê1 3ˆ Ê3 5 ˆ (2, -5)
Á 2 ,2˜ Á 4 ,12 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ = 3a 2 + a 2 + 3a 2 + a 2
Let point P divides AB in ratio k : 1 = 8a 2
Ê 1 3ˆ
2k + - 5k + = 2 2a
Ê3 5 ˆ Á 2, 2 ˜˜
So, Á , ˜ = Á
As AB = AC, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
Ë 4 12 ¯ ÁÁ k +1 k +1 ˜
˜
Ë ¯
14. k 1
1 3
3 2k + - 5 k +
2 5 2
= =
4 k +1 12 k +1 A (1, –3) C (x, o) B (4, 5)
⇒ 3k + 3 = 8k + 2 5k + 5 = – 60k + 18 Let point C (x, o) divides AB in ratio k : 1
⇒ 1 = 5k 65k = 13 So,
1 1
k= k= Ê 4 k +1 5k - 3 ˆ
5 5 (x, o) = Á , ˜
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
So, point P divides AB in ratio 1 : 5
5k - 3
∴ =0
13. A (a,a) k +1
5k – 3 = 0
3
k =
5
So, x – axis divides the line segment joining
point (1, – 3) and (4, 5) in ratio 3 : 5
B C
(– a, – a)
(- 3a, 3a )
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
115
 k 1
15. ( 9 - x )2 + (10 - 4 )2 = 10
81 + x² – 18x + 36 = 100
A C B
x² – 18x + 17 =0 (– 4, – 6) (o, y) (10, 12)
x² – 17x – x + 17 =0
Ê 10 k + ( - 4 ) 12 k - 6 ˆ
(o, y) = Á , ˜
x (x – 17) – 1 (x –17) = 0 Á k +1 k +1 ¯˜
Ë
(x – 1) (x – 17) =0
Ê 10 k - 4 12 k - 6 ˆ
x = 1, 17 (o, y) = Á ,
Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
16. 10 k - 4
⇒ =0
k +1
⇒ 10k =4
Q P R
(7, 0) (2, 4) (x, 9) 2
k =
5
PQ = PR So, ratio is 2 : 5
⇒ ( 2 - 7 )2 + ( 4 - 2 )2 = ( x - 2 )2 + ( 9 - 4 )2 18. A (0, – 1) B (–2, 3)
⇒ 25 +16 = x + 4 - 4 x + 25
2

⇒ 41 = x 2 - 4 x + 29
On squarring both sides, we get
41 = x² – 4x + 29 D (8, 3) C (6, 7)
0 = x² – 4x – 12
AB = ( - 2 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
0 = x² – 6x + 2x – 12
= 4 +16
0 = x (x –6) + 2 (x – 6)
0 = (x + 2) (x – 6) = 20

x = – 2 or 6 = 2 5 Unit
PQ = ( 7 - 2 )2 + ( 0 - 4 )2 CD = ( - 8 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2

= 52 + ( - 4 )2 = 4 +16

= 25 +16 = 20

= 41 = 2 5 Unit
∴ AB = CD
Section C
17. Let y – axis divides the line segment joining
AD = ( - 8 - 0 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
the points (– 4, – 6) and (10, 12) in ratio k : 1 = 64 +16 = 80 = 4 5 Units
Point on y – axis must be of form (o, y)

116 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 14x – 14y + 13 = 41
BC = ( 6 + 2 )2 + ( 7 - 3 )2
14x – 14y – 28 = 0
= 64 +16
x–y=2
= 80
∴ y=x–2
= 4 5 Units
20.
∴ AD = BC
As AB = CD and AD = BC, A P Q B
(3, – 4) (p, – 2) Ê 5 ˆ
Á 3 ,2˜ (1, 2)
Ë ¯
So, ABCD is a parallelogram

AC = ( 6 - 0 )2 + ( 7 +1)2 Point P divides AB in ratio 1 : 2

So,
= 36 + 64
Ê 1(1) + 2 ( 3) 1( 2 ) + 2 ( - 4 ) ˆ
= 100 p (p, – 2) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
= 10 Units
Ê7 ˆ
p (p, – 2) = Á , - 2 ˜
( 8 + 2 ) + (3 - 3) Ë3
2 2
BD = ¯
7
∴p=
= 100 3
Point Q divides AB in ratio 2 : 1
= 10 Units
So,
So, AC = BD
∴ ABCD is a parallelogram in which both Ê 5 ˆ Ê 2 (1) +1( 3) 2 ( 2 ) +1( - 4 ) ˆ
Q Á ,q ˜ = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
diagonals are equal. Ë3 ¯ Ë 3 3 ¯
So, ABCD is a rectangle.
Ê5 ˆ Ê5 ˆ
Q Á ,q ˜ = Á , 0 ˜
19. Ë3 ¯ Ë3 ¯
∴ q =0
A P B
(– 3, 2) (x, y) (4, – 5)
21. As the points A (3p + 1, p), B (p + 2, p – 5)
As point P is equidistant from A and B, and C (p + 1, – p) are collinear,
AP = BP
area of ∆ABC = 0

( x + 3 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 = ( 4 - x )2 + ( - 5 - y )2 1
i. e. [(3p + 1) (p – 5 + p) + (p + 2) (– p – p)
2 + (p + 1) (p – p + 5)] = 0
On squarring both sides, we get
(x + 3)² + (y – 2)² = (4 – x)² + (– 5 – y)² ⇒ [(3p + 1) (2p – 5)–2p (p + 2) + 5 (p + 1)] = 0

x² + 9 + 6x + y² + 4 – 4y ⇒ [6p² – 15p + 2p – 5 – 2p² – 4p + 5p + 5] = 0

= 16 + x² – 8x + 25 + y² + 10y ⇒ [4p² – 12p] = 0

p = 0, 3

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
117
 22. 1
= [–3 (–3) – 2 (0) + 4 (3)]
A P B 2
(–2, – 2) (2, – 4) 1 21
= [9 + 12] = sq. Units
3 2 2
AP = AB So, area of quadrilateral ABCD
7
3 = area of ∆ACD + area of ∆ABC
⇒ AP = (AP + BP)
7 35 21
⇒ 7 AP = 3 AP + 3 BP = +
2 2
⇒ 4 AP = 3 BP 56
=
2
AP 3
⇒ = = 28 sq. Units
PB 4
Let point P be (x, y), using section formula, 24. Let y – axis divides the line segment joining
points A (5, – 6), B (– 1, – 4) in ratio k : 1.
Ê 3( 2) + 4 ( - 2) 3( - 4 ) + 4 ( - 2) ˆ Point on y – axis is of from (0, y).
(x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 7 7 ¯ k 1

Ê 6 - 8 - 12 - 8 ˆ
=Á , A C B
Ë 7 7 ˜¯ (5, – 6) (0, y) (–1, – 4)
Ê - 2 - 20 ˆ By section formula,
=Á , ˜
Ë 7 7 ¯ Ê - k + 5 - 4k - 6 ˆ
(0, y) = Á ,
A (– 3, – 1) B (– 2, – 4) Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
23.
- k +5
0 =
k +1
k =5
So, y – axis divides AB in ratio 5 : 1
D ( 3, 4) C (4, – 1)
- 4k - 6
Also, y =
Join AC k +1
Area of ∆ACD - 20 - 6
=
1 5 +1
= [–3 (– 1 – 4) + 4 (4 + 1) + 3 (–1+1)]
2 - 26
1 =
= [–3 (– 5) + 20] 6
2
- 13
1 =
= [15 + 20] 3
2 - 13
35 So, C (0, y) = (0, )
= sq. Units 3
2
Area of ∆ACD
Section D
1
= [(–3) (– 4 – 1) – 2 (– 1 + 1) + 4 (–1+4)] 25. Consider points (x1,y1) = (t, t –2)
2
= (x2,y2) = (t + 2, t – 2)
118 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = (x3,y3) = (t + 3, t) Ê 17 ˆ
= Á 3, ˜
Area of triangle Ë 3¯
1 For coordinates of E
= [ x1 (y2,y3) + x2 (y3,y1) + x3 (y1,– y2)]
2
1 2
1
= [t(t – 2 – t) + (t + 2) (t – t + 2) + (t +3)
2 A E B
(t – 2 – t + 2)]
(4, 6) (x, y) (7, 2)
1
= [t (– 2) + (t + 2) (2)] By section formula,
2
1
= [– 2t + 2t + 4] Ê 1( 7 ) + 2 ( 4 ) 1( 2 ) + 2 ( 6 ) ˆ
2 (x, y) = Á , ˜
Á 3 3 ˜
1 Ë ¯
= (4)
2 Ê 7 + 8 2 +12 ˆ
=Á ,
= 2 sq. Units Ë 3 3 ˜¯

So, area of triangle is independent of t. Ê 14 ˆ

= Á 5, ˜
AD AE 1 Ë 3¯
26. = =
AB AC 3
A
AD AC 3 (4, 6)
⇒ = =
AB AE 1
AD AC
⇒ –1= –1=3–1
AB AE
BD CE
⇒ = =2
AD AE D E
Ê 17 ˆ Ê 14 ˆ
Á 3, 3 ˜ Á 5, 3 ˜
AD AE 1 Ë ¯ Ë ¯
∴ = =
BD CE 2
ar ∆ADE
For coordinates of D
1 2 1 Ê 17 - 14 ˆ Ê 14 ˆ Ê 17 ˆ
= [4 Á , ˜ + 3 Á , - 6 ˜ +5 Á 6 - ]
2 Ë 3 3 ¯ Ë 3 ¯ Ë 3 ˜¯
A D B 1 Ê 3ˆ Ê 14 - 18 ˆ Ê 18 - 17 ˆ
(4, 6) (x, y) (1, 5) = [4 Á ˜ + 3 Á ˜ +5 Á ˜]
2 Ë 3¯ Ë 3 ¯ Ë 3 ¯
By section formula,
1 5
= [4 + (– 4) + ]
Ê 1(1) + 2 ( 4 ) 1( 5 ) + 2 ( 6 ) ˆ 2 3
(x, y) = ÁÁ , ˜
˜
Ë 3 3 ¯ 5
= sq. Units
6
Ê 9 17 ˆ
(x, y) = Á , ˜
Ë3 3 ¯

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
119
 27. y x = ±3 3
B (0, 3) ∴ Coordinates of point A are ( 3 3 , 0 )
As BACD is a rhombus and diagonals of
rhombus bisect each other. So, 0D = 0A = 3
D A (x, 0) 3 units
x1 x
(0,0) ∴ Point D is ( - 3 3 , 0 )
28. Area of triangle = 5 sq. units
C (0, – 3) As third vertex leis on y = x + 3,
So, it must be of form (x, x + 3)
y 1
Let (x1,y1) = (2, 1)
Let coordinates of B be (0, y)
(x2,y2) = (3, – 2)
As (0, 0) is a Midpoint of BC
(x3,y3) = (x, x + 3)
Ê 0 +0 y - 3ˆ
∴ (0, 0) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Area of triangle
1
Ê 0 y - 3ˆ = [ x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3 (y1,– y2)]
(0, 0) = Á , ˜ 2
Ë2 2 ¯ 1
5 = [2(– 2 – x – 3) + (x + 3 – 1) + x(1 + 2)]
Ê y - 3ˆ 2
(0, 0) = Á 0 ,
Ë 2 ˜¯ 10 = [ 2 (– 5 – x) + 3 (x + 2) + 3x ]
y- 3
=0 10 = [ – 10 2x + 3x + 6 + 3x ]
2
y=3 10 = [ 4x – 4 ]
So, point B is (0, 3) ∴ ± 10 = 4x – 4
Let coordinates of point A be (x, 0) 4x – 4 = 10 4x – 4 = – 10
Using distance formula, 4x = 10 4x = – 6

AB = ( x - 0 )² + ( 0 - 3 )² 7 -3
x= x=
2 2
= x² + 9 So, third vertex is So, third vertex is
BC = ( 0 - 0 )² + ( - 3 - 3 )² (x, x + 3) (x, x + 3)

= 36 Ê7 7 ˆ Ê –3 –3 ˆ
= Á , +3˜ = Á , +3˜
=6 Ë2 2 ¯ Ë 2 2 ¯
Ê 7 13 ˆ Ê –3 3 ˆ
As ∆ABC is equilateral, =Á , ˜ =Á , ˜
Ë2 2 ¯ Ë 2 2¯
AB = BC
i.e. x² + 9 = 6 29. Let (x1, y1) = (a, a²)

x² + 9 = 36 (x2, y2) = (b, b²)

x² = 27 (x3, y3) = (c, c²)

120 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Consider Area of triangle 1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
1 2
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2 1
= [ 2 (2 + 3) + – 3 (– 3 – 3) – 4 (3 – 2) ]
1 2
= [ a (b² – c² ) + b (c² – a²) + c (a² – b² ) ]
2 1
= [ 10 + 18 – 4 ]
1 2
= [ ab² – ac² + bc² – a²b + a²c – b²c ]
2 = 12 sq. units
1
= [ ab (b – a) + ac (a – c) + bc (c – b)] Area of parallelogram ABCD
2
Here, it is clear that area of triangle is 0 if = area of ∆ABC + area of ∆BCD
a=b=c
= 12 + 12
but it is given that a ≠ b ≠ c
= 24 sq. units
30. D (– 4, – 3) C (– 3, 2) We know that area of parallelogram
= base x height
24 = AB x height

A E B By Distance formula,
(1, – 2) (2, 3)
AB = ( 2 – 1)² + ( 3 + 2 )²
Let be the height of parallelogram ABCD.
= 1 + 25
For ∆ABD,
= 26 units
Let (x1, y1) = (1, – 2)
∴ 24 = 26 x height
(x2, y2) = (2, 3)
24 12
(x3, y3) = (– 4, – 3) height = units = 26 units
26 13
area of ∆ABD
31.
1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
O (2, – 3y)
1
= [ 1 (3 + 3) + 2 (– 3 + 2) – 4 (– 2 – 3 ) ]
2
1 Let the center be 0 (2, – 3y)
= [ 6 – 2 + 20 ]
2 As points A and B lie on a circle,
= 12 sq. units
AO = BO
For ∆BCD,
( 2 +1)² + ( - 3y – y )² = ( 2 – 5 )² + ( - 3y – 7 )²
Let (x1, y1) = (2, 3)
9 +16y² = 9 + 9 y² + 49 + 42 y
(x2, y2) = (– 3, 2)
On squarraig both sides, we get
(x3, y3) = (– 4, – 3)
9 + 16y² = 9y² + 42y + 58
area of ∆BCD

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
121
 7y² – 42y – 49 = 0 Ê 2 + 5 –1 + 6 ˆ
Midpoint of AC = Á ,
y² – 6y – 7 = 0 Ë 2 2 ˜¯

y² – 7y + y – 7 = 0 Ê7 5ˆ
=Á , ˜
Ë2 2¯
y (y – 7) + (y – 7) = 0
Ê 5 + 2 –1 + 6 ˆ
Midpoint of BD = Á ,
(y + 1) (y – 7) = 0
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
y = – 1, 7 Ê7 5ˆ
=Á , ˜
When y = 1 When y = 7 Ë2 2¯

A = (– 1, y) = (– 1, – 1) A = (–1, y) So, Midpoint of AC = Midpoint of BD.

So, AC and BD bisects each other.
O = (2, 3) = (–1, 7)
So, O = (2, – 3y) WORKSHEET 2
radius = AO = (2, – 21)
Section A
= ( 2 +1)² + ( 3 +1)² So, 1. Let P (x, y) be the point equidistant from
the point A (5, 1), B (–3, – 7) and C (7, – 1)
= 9 +16 ratio = AO
∴ PA = PB = PC
= 25 = ( 2 +1)² + (–2 – 7 )²
PA = PB
= 5 units = 9 + 784 ⇒ ( 5 – x )² + (1 – y )²
= 793 units = (– 3 – x )² + (– 7 – y )²
32. A (2, – 1) B (5, – 1) ⇒ 25 + x² – 10 x +1 + y² – 2 y
= 9 + x² + 6 x + 49 + y² +14 y
On squarring both sides we get
O x² + y² – 10x – 2y + 26
= x² + y² + 6x + 14y + 58
D (2, 6) C (5, 6)
0 = 16x + 16y + 32
By distance formula,
x+y=–2①
AC = ( 5 – 2 )² + ( 6 +1)²
PB = PC
= 9 + 49 = 58 units
⇒ (– 3 – x )² + (– 7 – y )²
BD = ( 2 – 5 )² + ( 6 +1)²
= ( 7 – x )² + (–1 – y )²
= 9 + 49
⇒ 9 + x² + 6 x + 49 + y² +14 y
= 58
So, AC = BD = 49 + x² +14 x +1 + y² + 2 y

Also, By Midpoint formula, On squarring both sides, we get

122 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 x² + y² + 6x + 14y + 58 = ( 36 + 64
= x² + y² – 14x + 2y + 50 = 100
20x + 12y + 8 = 0 = 10 units
5x + 3y = – 2 ②
A (2, 3)
From ①, we get 5.

x = –2 – y
Ê 2ˆ
On potting in ②, we get G Á1, 3 ˜
Ë ¯
5 (–2 – y) + 3y = – 2
– 10 – 5y + 3y = – 2 B (–2, 1) C (x, y)
–2=8 Let (x1, y1) = (2, 3)
sy = – 4
(x2, y2) = (–2, 1)
So, x = –2 – y
(x3, y3) = (x, y)
=–2+4
Ê 2ˆ
=2 Centroid ( G ) = Á1, ˜
Ë 3¯
So, point (2, – 4) is equidistant We know that
From point A (5, 1), B (–3, – 7) and C (7, – 1) Ê x + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 ˆ
Centroid = Á 1 , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
2. Reflexion of (–3, 4) in X – axis (Q) = (–3, –4)
Ê 2 ˆ Ê 2 – 2 + x 3 +1 + y ˆ
Reflexion of (– 3, 4) in Y – axis (R) = (3, 4) Á1, 3 ˜ = Á 3
,
3 ˜¯
Ë ¯ Ë
So, by distance formula, Ê 2 ˆ Ê x , 4 +y ˆ
Á1, 3 ˜ = Á 3 3 ˜
QR = ( 3 + 3 )² + ( 4 + 4 )² Ë ¯ Ë ¯
x 2 4 +y
= 36 + 64 ⇒ 1= and =
3 3 3
= 100 ⇒ x = 3 and y = – 2

= 10 units 6. Let (x1, y1) = (k, 2k)

3. As point (3, a) lies on line (x2, y2) = (3k, 3k)

2x – 3y + 5 = 0 (x3, y3) = (3, 1)

∴ 6 – 3a + 5 = 0 Since the points are collinear, area of triangle

is zero
3a = 11 i.e.
11 1
a=
3 [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] = 0
2
4. By Distance formula, [ k (3k – 1) + 3k (1 – 2k) + 3 (2k – 3k) ] = 0

Distance = ( 0 + 6 )² + ( 0 – 8 )² [ 3k² – k + 3k – 6k² – 3k ] = 0

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
123
 [ –3k² –k ] = 0 By section formula,
k (3k + 1) = 0 Ê 8k + 4 4 k + 2 ˆ
P (2, 1) =Á , ˜
–1 Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
k= 8k + 4
3 4k + 2
∴ 2= , 1=
k 1 k +1 k +1
7.
8k + 4 = 2k + 2
A C B 6k =–2
(6, 4) (x, 0) (1, – 7) –2
k =
Let the x – axis divides AB in ratio k : 1 6
–1
Point on x – axis must be of form (x, 0), so, by =
section formula 3
AB –1
Ê k + 6 7k + 4 ˆ ∴ =
(x, 0) =Á , ˜ PB 3
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
PB
Ê 6 + k –7 k + 4 ˆ =–3
(x, 0) =Á , ˜ AP
Ë k +1 k +1 ¯
PB
∴ –7 k + 4 =0
+1 =–3+1
AP
k +1
4 AP + PB
k = =–2
7 AP
So, x – axis divides line AB in ratio 4 : 7. AB
=–2
PB
8. k 1
AP –1
=
A (4, 2) P (2, 1) B (8, 4) AB 2
–1
Let AP : PB = K : 1 AP = AB
2

9. Consider the two points P(a sin α, –b cos α) and Q (–a cos α, b sin α).
We need to find the distance between P and Q
Let d be the distance PQ.
Thus, by distance formula

d= 2
(a sin α + a cos α) + (-b cos α - b sin α)
2

2 2 2 2 2 2
= a (sin α + cos α + 2 sin α cos α ) + b (sin α + cos α + 2 sin α cos α)
2 2
= a (1 + sin2α) + b (1 + sin2α)
∴
[ sin2 α + cos2 α = 1 and sin2 α = 2sin α cos α ]
2 2
∴d= (a + b ) (1 + sin2 α)

124 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
10. We have to write the condition of three
Ê 3k - 4 - 7 + 5 ˆ
points. Á k +1 , k +1 ˜
Ë ¯
If three points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) are
collinear, then they will not form a triangle. The point which we have identified is on y axis
and there the point is zero on x coordinate.
In other words, the triangle having vertices (x1,
y1), (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) will have area 0. 3k - 4
So, =0
k +1
The formula to calculate the area of a triangle
with vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) is, 3k – 4 = 0

1 x1 – x2 y1 – y2 4
k=
A= 3
2 x2 – x3 y2 – y3
1 So the required ratio is
A = |(x1 – x2) (y2 – y3) – (x2 – x3) (y1 – y2) 4
2 k= or 4 : 3
Therefore, 3
1 13.
| x (y – y ) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)| = 0 A (1, 1) B (4, 4)
2 1 2 3
x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
Therefore, the condition of collinearity of (x1,
y1), (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3) is
x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2) = 0
D (x, y) C (4, 8)
Section B We know that diagonals of parallelogram bisect
11. Let the vertices of triangle be (x1, y1) = (–3, 1), each other
(x2, y2) = (0, – 2) and (x3, y3)
Ê 1+ 4 1+ 8 ˆ Ê x + 4 y + 8 ˆ
Centroid of triangle (x, y) = (0, 0) ∴ Á 2 , 2 ˜ =Á 2 , 2 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
We Know that
(5, 9) = (x + 4, y + 4)
Centroid of triangle
x + 4 = 5, y + 4 = 9
Ê x + x 2 + x3 y1 + y 2 + y 3 ˆ
(x, y) =Á 1 , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯ x = 1, y=5
So, fourth vertex is (1, 5).
Ê –3 + 0 + x3 1 – 2 + y 3 ˆ
i.e. (0, 0) =Á , ˜
Ë 3 3 ¯
Ê 3 11ˆ
–3 + x3 –1 + y 3 14. Let the point C Á , ˜ divide the line
⇒ = 0, =0 Ë5 5¯
3 3 segment joining point A (3, 5) and B (– 3, – 2)
⇒ x3 = 3, y3 = 1 in ratio k : 1.

So, third vertex is (x3, y3) = (3, 1)

A C B
Ê 3 11 ˆ
12. The required ratio would be k : 1. (3, 5) Á5, 5 ˜
Ë ¯
(– 3, – 2)
The coordinates of the point of divisions will be

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
125
 By section formula, 2a = 2
Ê 3 11ˆ Ê - 3k + 3 - 2 k + 5 ˆ ∴ a = 1.
Á 5 , 5 ˜ = Á k +1 , k +1 ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯ 17.
A (3, 4)
- 3k + 3 3
∴ =
k +1 5
5 (– 3k + 3) = 3 (k + 1)

– 15k + 15 = 3k + 3

12 = 18k B (7, 2) M (x, y) C (–2, – 5)

2 By midpoint formula,
k =
3
B (1, 0) Ê 7 - 2 2- 5ˆ
15. A (– 2, –1) M (x, y) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ¯˜
Ê 5 - 3ˆ
=Á , ˜
Ë2 2 ¯
By Distance formula,

D (1, y) C (x, 3) Ê5 ˆ Ê-3

2
ˆ
2
AM = Á2- 3˜ + Á - 4˜
We know that diagonals of parallelogram Ë ¯ Ë 2 ¯
bisect each other
2 2
Ê - 1ˆ Ê - 3 - 8 ˆ
Ê - 2 k + x - 1 + 3 ˆ Ê 1 +1 y + 0 ˆ = Á ˜ +Á ˜
∴ , =Á ,
Á
Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯ Ë 2¯ Ë 2 ¯

Ê - 2+x ˆ Ê y ˆ 1 121
⇒ Á ,1˜ = Á1, ˜ = +
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2¯ 4 4
- 2+x y 121 61
∴ = 1, 1 = = =
2 2 4 2
x = 4, y = 2 18. As point A (x, y) is equidistant from B (6, – 1)
and C (2, 3)
16. Given the vertices of a ∆ABC are right - ∴ AB = AC
angled at A.
( 6 - x ) + ( - 1- y ) ( 2 - x ) + (3 - y )
2 2 2 2
=
∴ AB2 + AC2 = BC2
AB2 = (-2 – 0)2 + (a – 3)2 = 4 + (a – 3)2 On squarring both sides, we get

BC2 = (-1 + 2)2 + (4 – a)2 = 1 + (4 – a)2 (6 – x)² + (– 1 – y)² = (2 – x)² + (3 – y)²

AC2 = (-1 – 0)2 + (4 – 3)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 36 + x² – 12x + 1 + y² + 2y = 4 + x² – 4x +

9 + y² – 6y
Since AB2 + AC2 = BC2
∴ –12x + 2y + 37 = – 4x – 6y +13
4 + (a – 3)2 + 2 = 1 + (4 – a)2
⇒ 0 = 8x – 8y – 24
4 + a2 + 9 – 6a + 2 = 1 + 16 + a2 – 8a
⇒ 8x – 8y = 24
126 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ x–y =3 Now use distance formula,
⇒ x =y+3 {x – (a + b)}2 + {y – (b – a)}2 = {x – (a – b)}2 +
{y – (a + b)}2
19. As the points A (2, 1) and B (1, 2) are ⇒ x2 + (a + b)2 – 2x(a + b) + y2 + (b – a)2 –
equidistant from the point C (x, y), 2y(b – a)y = x2 + (a – b)2 – 2x(a – b) + y2
+ (a + b)2 – 2y(a + b)
BC = AC
⇒ 2x(a – b) – 2x(a + b) = 2y(b – a) – 2y(a
( x - 1) + ( y + 2 ) ( x - 2 ) + ( y - 1) + b)
2 2 2 2
=
⇒ 2x{a – b – a – b} = 2y{b – a – a – b}
On squarring both sides, we get
⇒ 2x(–2b) = 2y(–2a)
(x –1)² + (y + 2)² = (x – 2)² + (y – 1)²
⇒ bx = ay
x² +1 – 2x + y² + 4 + 4y = x² + 4 – 4x + y² Hence proved.
+ 1 – 2y
22. Any point on the x -axis will be the form
– 2x + 4y + 5 = – 4x – 2y + 5 A(x,0).Let this point divides the line segment
2x +6y = 0 Joining (3, –2) and (–7, –1) in the ratio m:n
internally.
x +3y =0
Thus the coordinate of A is
Ê mx- + ˆnx myÊ + ny - ˆ
20. Let the vertices of triangle be Á 2 ˜ 1 , Á2 1
˜
Ë m +¯n mË + n ¯
(x1, y1) = (k, 2k) where (3, –2) and (–7, –1) are (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2) respectively.
(x2, y2) = (3k, 3k)
Thus the coordinates of
(x3, y3) = (3, 1)
(m(–7) + n(3)) m(–1) + n(–2)
Area of triangle A= , = (x,0)
m+n m+n
1 Here the y coordinates of A is Zero.
= [x (y , – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2 1 2
1 Ê –m- +ʈ(–2n)
- ˆ
= [ 5 (7 + 4) + 4 (– 4 – 2) + 7 (2 – 7) ] Thus Á m Á+˜ n ˜ = 0.
2 Ë Ë¯ ¯
1 Hence –m – 2n = 0.
= [ 5 (11) + 4 (–6) + 7 (– 5) ]
2
⇒ –m = 2n
1
= [ 55 – 24 – 35 ] m 2
2 ⇒ = .
1 n –1
= [ 55 – 59 ]
2 ⇒ m : n = 2 : –1 internally
4
= = 2 sq. units Thus m : n = 2 : 1 externally.
2
23.
Section C P (8, 4) R (5, 1) Q (x, y)
By mid-point formula,
21. PA=PB
Take square both side Ê 8 +x 4 +y ˆ
(5, 1) = Á ,
PA2=PB2 Ë 2 2 ˜¯

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
127
 8+x 4 +y ⇒ ab = a + b
5= ,1 =
2 2 a b
⇒ 1= +
x + 8 = 10, y + 4 = 2 ab ab
1 1
x = 2, y = – 2 ⇒ 1= +
a b
So, Coordinates of Q = (x, y)
26. A (6, 1) B (8, 2)
= (2, – 2)

24. Let points be

(x1, y1) = (c, a + b)
(x2, y2) = (b, b + c) D (x, y) E (u, v) C (9, 4)
(x3, y3) = (a, a + c) We know that diagonals of parallelogram
bisect each other.
Area of triangle
∴ Midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD
1
= [x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] So, by midpoint formula,
2
1 Ê 6 + 9 1+ 4 ˆ Ê x + 8 y + 2 ˆ
= [ c (b + c – a – c ) + a (a + c – a – b) + Á 2 , 2 ˜ =Á 2 , 2 ˜
2 b (a + b – b – c) ] Ë ¯ Ë ¯
Ê 15 5 ˆ Ê x + 8 y + 2 ˆ
1 i.e. Á 2 ,2˜ = Á ,
=
2
[ c (b – a) + a (c – 6) + b (a – c) ] Ë ¯ Ë 2 2 ˜¯
1
= [ bc – ac + ac – ab + ab –bc ] i.e. x + 8 = 15, y + 2 = 5
2
=0 x = 7, y = 3
As area of triangle = 0 So, point D = (7, 3)
So, points A, B and C are collinear. Again, by midpoint formula,
Ê 6 + 9 1+ 4 ˆ
E (u, v) = Á ,
25. Let the point be
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
(x1, y1) = (a, 0) Ê 7 + 9 3 + 4 ˆ Ê 16 7 ˆ
= Á , = ,
(x2, y2) = (0, b) Ë 2 2 ˜¯ ËÁ 2 2 ¯˜
Ê 7ˆ
(x3, y3) = (1, 1) = Á 8, ˜
Ë 2¯
Points are collinear, if area of triangle = 0
For area of ∆ADE
1 (x1, y1) = (c, a + b)
i.e. [x (y , – y ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2)] = 0 Let
2 1 2 3
1 (x2, y2) = (b, b + c)
⇒ [ a (b –1) + 0 (1 + 0) + 1 (0 – b) ] = 0
2 (x3, y3) = (a, a + c)
1
⇒ [ ab – a – b ] = 0 area of ∆ADE
2
⇒ ab – a – b = 0
1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
128 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 Ê -7ˆ Ê7- ˆ 28.
= [ 6 Á3 ˜ + 7 Á 1˜ + 8 (1 – 3) ] A (2, – 1) B (3, 4)
2 Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
1 Ê - 1ˆ Ê5ˆ
= [ 6 Á ˜ + 7 Á ˜ + 8 (– 2)
2 Ë 2¯ Ë2¯
1 35
= [–3+ – 16 ]
2 2
1 35 D (– 3, – 2) C (– 2, 3)
= [ – 19 ]
2 2 By Distance formula,
1 35 - 38
= [ ] AB = ( 3 - 2 )2 + ( 4 +1)2
2 2
3 = 1 + 25 = 26
=
4
BC = ( - 2 - 3 )2 + ( 3 - 4 )2
27. Given ,
= 25 +1 = 26
Points = (p + 1, 2p – 2), (p – 1, p) and (p – 3, 2p
– 6) CD = ( - 3 + 2 )2 + ( - 2 - 3 )2
For the given points (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) = 1 + 25
to be collinear then
= 26
[x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y3)] = 0
Here, AD = ( - 3 - 2 )2 + ( - 2 +1)2
x1 = p + 1 y1 = 2p – 2 = 26
x2 = p – 1 y2 = p As AB = BC = CD = AD,
x3 = p – 3 y3 = 2p – 6
ABCD is a rhombus
Substituting the values in the formula ,
Again, by distance formula,
(p + 1) (p – (2p – 6)) + (p – 1) (2p – 6 – (2p –
2)) + (p – 3) (2p – 2 – (p)) = 0 AC = ( - 2 - 2 )2 + ( 3 +1)2
(p + 1) (p – 2p + 6)) + (p – 1) (2p – 6 – 2p + 2)) = 16 +16
+ (p – 3) (2p – 2 – p) = 0
= 32
(p + 1) (–p + 6) + (p – 1) (–4) + (p – 3) (p – 2)
=0 = 4 2 units
– p² – p + 6p + 6 – 4p + 4 + p² – 3p – 2p + 6
BD = ( - 3 - 3 )2 + ( - 2 - 4 )2
=0
– 4p + 16 = 0 = ( - 6 )2 + ( - 6 )2

4p = 16 = 72
Dividing both the sides by 4
= 6 2 units
4p 16
= ∴ AC ≠ BD
4 4
p=4 As diagonals are not equal, ABCD is a
Hence, rhombus but not a square.
For the points to be collinear, p = 4
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
129
 29. 1
= [ – 26 + 240 ]
A (3, – 5) P (x, y) B (– 4, 8) 2
1
AP k = [ 214 ]
= 2
PB 1
Let point P be (x, y). = 107 sq. units
By section formula, So, area of quadrilateral ABCD
Ê - 4 k + 3 8k - 5 ˆ = area of ∆ABC + area of ∆ACD
(x, y) =Á ,
Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯
= 25 + 107
Ê - 4 k + 3 8k - 5 ˆ
(x, + y) = Á , = 132 sq. units
Ë k +1 k +1 ˜¯

∴ x=
- 4k + 3
, y=
8k - 5 Section D
k +1 k +1 A (4, – 6)
31.
As point P lies on line x + y = 0
Ê - 4 k + 3 ˆ Ê 8k - 5 ˆ
∴ Á k +1 ˜ + Á k +1 ˜ = 0
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
⇒ 4k – 2 = 0 M
B C
1 (3, – 2) (x y) (4, 0)
⇒ k=
2
Let AM be the median such that point M is (x, y)
30. A (1, 1) B (7, – 3)
Ê 3 +5 - 2 +2 ˆ
(x, y) =Á ,
Ë 3 3 ¯˜

(x, y) = (4, 0)
So, point M (x, y) = (4, 0)
D (7, 21) C (12, 2)
Area of ∆AMB
Area of ∆ABC
1 1
= [ 1 (– 3 – 2) + 7 (2 – 1) + 12 (1 + 3) ] = [ 4 (y + 2)+ x (– 2 + 6) + 3 (– 6 – y) ]
2 2
1 1
= [ – 5 + 7 + 48 ] = [ 4y + 8 – 2x + 6 – 18 – 3y ]
2 2
1 1
= [ 50 ] = [ 4x + y – 10 ]
2 2
1
= 25 sq. units = [ 4 ( 4 ) + 0 – 10 ]
2
Area of ACD = 3 sq. units

1 Area of ∆AMC
= [ 1 (2 – 21) + 12 (21 – 1) + 7 (1 – 2) ]
2
1
1 = [ 4 (y – 2)+ x (2 + 6) + 5 (– 6 – y) ]
= [ – 19 + 12 ( 20 ) – 7 ] 2
2

130 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 So, x = 1 + 3y
= [ 4y – 8 + 8x – 30 – 5y ]
2 =1+6
1
= [ 8x – y – 38 ] =7
2
1 So, P (x, y) = (7, 2)
= [ 8 ( 4 ) – 0 – 38 ]
2
= 3 sq. units On putting x = 1 + 3y in ③, we get

So, median divides the triangle into two 3 (1 + 3y) + y = 3

triangle of equal area. 3 + 9y + y =3

32. 10y =0

A Pt B y =0
(3, 4) (x, y) (5, – 2)
So, x = 1 + 3y
PA = PB =1+0

( - 3 - x )2 + ( 4 - y )2 = ( 5 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2 =1
On squarring both sides, we get So, P (x, y) = (1, 0)
(3 – x)2 + (4 – y)2 = (5 – x)2 + (– 2 – y)2 A (3, 2)
33.
⇒ 9 + x² – 6x + 16 + y² – 8y = 25 + x² –
10 + 4 + y² + 4y
D )
y
(x,

F (x3, y3)
⇒ – 6x – 8y + 25 = – 10x + 4y + 29
⇒ 4x – 12y – 4 = 0
⇒ x – 3y = 1 ① B (5, 4) E C
Also, area of ∆PAB = 10 (x2, y2) (3, 6)
By midpoint formula,
1
∴ [ x (4 + 2) + 3 (– 2 – y) + 5 (y – 4) ] = 10
2 Ê 3 +5 2 + 4 ˆ
D (x2, y2) =Á ,
⇒ [ 6x – 6 – 3y + 5y – 20 ] = 20 Ë 2 2 ˜¯
⇒ [ 6x + 2y – 26 ] = 20 D (x2, y2) = (4, 3)

⇒ [ 3x + y – 13 ] = 10 Ê 5 +3 4 +6 ˆ
Again, E (x2, y2) = Á ,
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
⇒ 3x + y – 13 = ± 10
= (4, 5)
⇒ 3x + y = 23 ② or 3x + y = 3 ③
Ê 3 +3 2 +6 ˆ
F (x3, y3) =Á ,
From ①, x = 1 + 3y
Ë 2 2 ˜¯
So, eq. ② becomes 3 + 9y + y = 23 = (3, 4)
10y = 20 Area of ∆DEF

y =2 1
= [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ]
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
131
 1 ⇒ – 6x – 28 = ± 160
= [ 4 (5 – 4) + 4 (4 – 3) + 3 (3 – 5) ]
2 – 6x – 28 = 160 – 6x – 28 = –160
1 6x = – 188 – 6x = – 132
= [ 4 + 4 – 6 ] = 1 sq. unit
2
- 94
34. Let A(x1 = – 2, y1 = 5), B(x2 = k, y2 = – 4) and C(x3 x = x = 22
3
= 2k + 1, y3 = 10) be the vertices of the triangle,
so
36. Let D (x, y) be the Circumcentre.
Area of (∆ABC)
We know that Circumcentre of a triangle is
1 equidistant from each of the vertices.
= [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2)]
2
1 Let the vertices be A (x1, y1) = (8, 6), B (x2,
53 = [ (– 2) (– 4 – 10) + k (10 – 5) + (2k + 1) (5 + y2) = (8, – 2) and C (x3, y3) = (2, – 2).
4)] 2
So, AD = BD
1
⇒ 53 = [ 28 + 5k + 9 (2k + 1)]
2 ( 8 - x )2 + ( 6 - y )2 = ( 8 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2
⇒ 28 + 5k +18k + 9 = 106
On squarring both sides, we get
⇒ 37 + 23k = 106
(8 – x)² + (6 – y)² = (8 – x)² + (– 2 – y)²
⇒ 23k = 106 – 37 = 69
(6 – y)² = (– 2 – y)²
69
⇒ k= =3 36 + y² – 12y = 4 + y² + 4y
23
Hence, k = 3 32 = 16y
The value of k is 3. y = 2

35. A (–2, 3) B (6, 5) Also, BD = CD

( 8 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2 = ( 2 - x )2 + ( - 2 - y )2

(8 – x)² + (– 2 – y)² = (2 – x)² + (– 2 – y)²

D (–4, – 3) C (x, – 5) 64 + x² – 16x + 4 y² + 4y = 4 + x² – 4x + 4 + y² +4y

Area of quadrilateral ABCD = 80 sq. units ⇒ – 16x + 4y + 68 = – 4x + 4y + 8

i.e. area of ∆ABC + area of ∆ACD = 80 ⇒ 12x = 60

1 ⇒ x=5
i.e. [ – 2 (5 + 5) + 6 (– 5 – 3) ] +
2
So, Circumcentre is (x, y) = (5, 2)
1
[ – 2 (– 5 + 3) + x (– 3 – 3) ] = 80
2 Circumradius
1 = AD
⇒ [ 4 – 6x – 32 ] = 160
2
= ( 8 - x )2 + ( 6 - y )2
⇒ [ – 6x – 28 ] = 160
= ( 8 - 5 )2 + ( 6 - 2 )2
132 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 9 +16 Ê x + x3 y 2 + y3 ˆ
F is Á 2 , ˜
= Ë 2 2 ¯
25
Area of ∆ABC
= 5
1
37. By ,midpoint formula, [ x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2) ]
2
Ê O + 2a 26 + O ˆ Consider ar ∆DEF
C (x, y) = Á ,
Ë 3 3 ˜¯
1 ÈÊ x1 + x 2 ˆ ÈÊ y 2 + y 3 ˆ Ê y1 + y 3 ˆ ˘ ˘
= (a, b) = ÍÁ ˜ ÍÁ ˜- Á ˜˙ ˙
2 ÍË 2 ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ ˚ ˙
Using distance formula, we have Í È ˙
Í + ÊÁ x 2 + x 3 ˆ˜ Í ÊÁ y1 + y 3 ˆ˜ - Ê y1 + y 3 ˆ ˘ ˙
Á ˜˙
Í Ë 2 ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯˚ ˙
BC = (a - o )2 + (b - 2b )2 Í ˙
Í Ê x1 + x 3 ˆ È Ê y1 + y 2 ˆ Ê y 2 + y3 ˆ ˘ ˙
Í +Á 2
˜ ÍÁ ˜- Á ˜˙ ˙
Î Ë ¯ ÎË 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯˚ ˚
= a2 + b2

OC = (a - o )2 + (b - o )2 =
1 È( x1 + x 2 ) ( y 2 - y1 ) ˘
8 Í ˙
Í + ( x 2 + x3 ) ( y3 - y 2 ) ˙
= a2 + b2 Í ˙
Î + ( x1 + x3 ) ( y1 - y 3 ) ˚
AC = (a - 2a )2 + (b - o )2
=
1 È x È( y - y ) + ( y1 - y 3 ) ˘ ˘
= 8 Í 1Î 2 1 ˚ ˙
a +b
2 2
Í +x 2 ÈÎ( y 2 - y1 ) + ( y 3 - y 2 ) ˘˚ ˙
Í ˙
So, BC = CO = AC ÍÎ +x3 ÎÈ( y 3 - y 2 ) + ( y1 - y 3 ) ˚˘ ˙˚
∴ Point C is equidistant from the vertices
O, and B.
1 È x1 ( y 2 - y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 - y1 ) ˘
= Í ˙
ÎÍ +x3 ( y1 - y 2 )
8
38. A (x1, y1) ˙˚
2 2 ˆ
˜
y
¯
, 1+

Ê1ˆ Ê1ˆ
2 2 y

Ê x1 + x3 y1 + y 3 ˆ = Á ˜ Á ˜ [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2) ]

x

D FÁ , ˜ Ë4¯ Ë2¯
Á x1 +

Ë 2 2 ¯
Ê

1
Ë

= area of ∆ABC
4
B E C
(x2, y2) Ê x 2 + x3 y 2 + y3 ˆ (x3, y3) 39. Using formula for area of triangle,
Á , ˜
Ë 2 2 ¯
1
ar ∆DBC = [ x (5 + 2) – 3 (– 2 – 3x) + 4 (3x –
By midpoint formula, 5) ] 2

Ê x + x 2 y1 + y 2 ˆ 1
D is Á 1 , ˜ = [ 7x + 6 + 9x + 12x – 20 ]
Ë 2 2 ¯ 2
1
Ê x + x3 y1 + y 3 ˆ = [ 28x – 14 ]
E is Á 1 , ˜ 2
Ë 2 2 ¯

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
133
 = [ 14 x – 7 ] ① 11
⇒ x=
Using formula for area of triangle, 8
- 49
1 If 14x – 7 =
= [ 6 (5 + 2) – 3 (– 2 – 3) + 4 (3 – 5) ] 4
2 - 49 - 49 + 28 - 21
14x = +7 = =
1 4 4 4
= [ 42 + 15 – 8 ]
2
-3
1 ⇒ x=
= [ 49 ] sq. units 8
2
ar DDBC 1 40. As the point (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) lie on
As =
ar DABC 2 the same line, area of triangle formed by these
14 x – 7 1 points is 0.
⇒ =
49 2 1
i.e. [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] =
2 0 2
2 14 x – 7 1 [ x1 (y2, – y3 ) + x2 (y3, – y1) + x3 (y1, – y2) ] = 0
⇒ =
49 2
On dividing by x1 x2 x3, we get
49
⇒ 14 x – 7 =
4 È x1 ( y 2 - y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 - y1 ) + x3 ( y1 - y 2 ) ˘
Í ˙ =0
49 Î x1 x 2 x3 ˚
⇒ 14x – 7 = ±
4
49 È y 2 - y 3 y 3 - y1 y1 - y 2 ˘
If 14x – 7 = Í + + ˙ =0
4 Î x 2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x 2 ˚
49 49 + 28 77
14x = +7= =
4 4 4 y 2 - y 3 y 3 - y1 y1 - y 2
∴ + + =0
x 2 x3 x1 x3 x1 x 2

134 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

08 Introduction to Trigonometry
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS A
= cos
2
12 3 Option (b)
1. Cot x = =
16 4
tan 30∞
sin x − cos x 1 − cot x 4.
= tan 0∞ - cot 30∞
sin x + cos x 1 + cot x
1
3
1− 3
4 =
= 0- 3
3
1+
4 -1
=
1 4 3
= × Option (b)
4 7

1 5. Consider
=
7 (a sinθ + b cosθ)²
Option (a)
= a² sin²θ + b² cos²θ + 2ab sinθ cosθ
( 2)
2
x ( 2)
2
2

( 3)
2 Ê 1 ˆ = a² (1 – cos²θ) + b² (1 – sin²θ) + 2ab sinθ cosθ
2. 2 = - Á ˜
2
Ê 1 ˆ Ê 3ˆ Ë 3¯ = a² + b² – a² cos²θ – b²sin²θ + 2ab sinθ cosθ
8Á ˜ Á ˜
Ë 2 ¯ ÁË 2 ˜¯ = a² + b² – (a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ) + 2ab sinθ
8x 1 8 cosθ (i)
=3– =
3 3 3 Also, a cosθ – b sinθ = c
x =1
⇒ (a cosθ – b sinθ)² = c²
Option (a)
⇒ a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ – 2ab sinθ cosθ = c²
3. A + B + C = 180° ⇒ a² cos²θ + b² sin²θ = c² + 2ab sinθ cosθ (ii)
⇒ B + C = 180° –A So, (a sinθ + b cosθ)²
Ê B +C ˆ Ê 180∞ - A ˆ = a² + b² + 2ab sinθ cosθ – c² – 2ab sinθ cosθ
∴ = sin Á ˜ = sin Á ˜
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ [From (i) and (ii)]
Ê Aˆ = a² + b² – c²
= sin Á 90∞ - ˜
Ë 2¯ ∴ a sin + b cos = ± a2 + b2 - c 2
Option (b)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
135
 1 + sinθ
WORKSHEET 1 =
cosθ
Section A 4. cos (a + b) = 0
cos(90° – θ) sec(90° – θ) tanθ
1. +
cos(90° – θ) sin(90° – θ) cot (90° – θ) a + b = 90°
tan(90° – θ) ∴ a = 90° – 6
cotθ Consider sin (a – b) = sin [90° – 26]
sinθ cosecθ tanθ = cos26°
=
secθ cosθ tanθ
cotθ tan2 – sec2 θ
= 5.
cotθ cot2 – cosec2 θ
1 1 sec2 θ – tan2 θ
= + =
1 1 cosec2 θ – cot2 θ
=2
1
=
2. Consider 1
tanA tanB + tanA cotB sin2B = 1
–
sinA secB cos2A 1
6. cosecθ = 3x ⇒ x = cosecθ
3
tan(90° – B) tanB + tanAcot(90° – A)
= 3 1 1
sinA sec(90° – A) cotθ = = ⇒ cotθ
x x 3
sin B
2
– 1 1 1 1
cos (90° – B)
2 considerx² – 2 = cosec²θ – cot²θ =
x 9 9 9
cotB tanB + tan2A sin2B 5
= – 7. tan A =
sinA cosecA sin2B 12
1 + tan2A Consider (sin A + cos A) Sec A
= –1 1
1
= (sin A + cos A)
= tan² A cosA
= tan A + 1
5
1 + sinθ = +1
3. 12
1 – sinθ
17
1 + sinθ 1 + sinθ =
×
12
=
1 – sinθ 1 – sinθ 6
8. Consider 6 tan²θ –
cos2 θ
(1 + sinθ)2
= = 6 (tan²θ – sec² θ)
1 – sin2 θ
=6 (1)
(1 + sinθ) 2
= =6
cos2 θ

136 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section B 11. (i) 2 sin3x = 3

9. 2 sin²30° – 3 cos² 45° + tan²60° 3

sin3x =
2
1 ² 1 ² Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ
=2 –3 Á+ Á 3 ˜ ˜
Ë Ë ¯ ¯
3x = 60°
2 2
x = 20°
1 3
= – +3 x
2 2 (ii) 2 sin =1
2
=2
x 1
sin = = sin30°
10. (i) We know that – 1 ≤ sinθ ≤ 1 2 2
x
∴ 0 ≤ sin²θ ≤ 1 = 30°
2
1 x = 60°
If sinθ = x + ,
x
On squaring both sides, we get
12. Sinθ + sin²θ = 1
1
sin²θ = x² + 2 + 2 ⇒ sinθ = 1 – sin²θ
x
1
Here, R H S = x² + 2 + 2 > 2 ⇒ sinθ = cos²θ (i)
x
but Maximum value of sin²θ is ⇒ tanθ = cosθ
1 Consider cos²θ + cos4θ
∴ sin²θ is ≠ x +
x
= tan²θ + tan4θ
(ii) As (a – b)² ≥ 0
= tan²θ (1 + tan²θ)
⇒ a² + b² – 2ab ≥ 0
= tan²θ sec²θ
⇒ a² + b² ≥ 2ab
1
a² + b² 2ab = tan²θ By (i)
∴ cosθ = ≥ =1 sinθ
2ab 2ab
sinθ
=
⇒ cosθ ≥ 1 cos2 θ
if cos = 1 sinθ
= By (i)
a² + b² sinθ
=1
2ab = 1
a² + b² = 2ab
13. A
(a – b)² = 0
a =b
but a and b are distvied
∴ cosθ > 1
but – 1 ≤ cosθ ≤ 1
a² + b²
So, cosθ ≠ B C
2ab
1
tan A =
3
ADDITIONAL TM

PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
137
 BC 1 16. Consider
=
AB 3
A + B = 90° 3 cos²30° + sec²30° + 2 cos²0° + 3 sin²90° –
Let BC = k, AB = k tan²60°
A – B = 30°
∴ AC² = BC² + AB² = 4k² 3 ² 2 ² Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
= 3 + + 2 (1)² + 3 (1)²ÁË– ÁË 3 ˜¯ ˜
¯
AC = 2k 2 3
9 4
Consider = + +2+3–3
4 3
sinA cosC + cosA sinC 9 4
= + +2
BC BC AB AB 4 3
= +
AC AC AC AC 27 + 16 + 24
=
BC 2
AB 2
12
= +
AC AC2
2
67
=
BC2 + AB2 12
=
AC2
Section C
AC2
= 17. tanθ + cotθ = 2
AC2
= 1 1
tanθ + =2
tanθ
14. Consider tan²θ – 2 tanθ + 1 = 0
4 cot²45° – Sec²60° + sin²60° – cos²90° (tanθ – 1)² = 0
3 ²
= 4(1)² – (2)² + – (0)² tanθ – 1 =0
2
3 tanθ = 1 = tan 45°
=4–4+
4
3 θ = 45°
=
4
Consider tan7θ + cot7θ
15. Consider
= tan7(45°) +cot7(45°)
1 cosθ ²
(cosecθ – cotθ)² = –
sinθ sinθ = 17 + 17

1 – cosθ ² = 1+1
=
sinθ = 2
(1 – cosθ)2 18. Consider
=
sinθ
sinθ 1 + cosθ
+
(1 – cosθ) 2
1 + cosθ sinθ
=
1 – cos2θ sinθ (sinθ) + (1 + cosθ) (1 + cosθ)
=
1 – cosθ sinθ (1 + cosθ)
=
1+ cosθ sin2θ + 1 + cos2θ + 2 cosθ
=
sinθ (1 + cosθ)

138 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2 + 2 cosθ 225 – 108
= 125
sinθ (1 + cosθ)
=
2 + (1 + cosθ) 256 – 300
= 125
sinθ (1 + cosθ)
117
2 =
= = 2 cosec θ –44
sinθ
So, L H S = R H S
5 AC
19. Sec A = =
4 AB 20. a cos θ + b sin θ =m
LHS RHS
a sin θ – b cos θ =n
3sinA – 4sin A 3 3tanA – tan3A
To prove : a² + b² = m² + n²
4cos3A – 3cosA 1 – 3tan2A
Proof a cos θ + b sin θ = m
C 3
3 3 On squarring both sides, we get
3 –
5k 4 4
3k = a² cos² θ + b² sin² θ + 2ab sin θ cos θ = m² (1)
2
3
1–3 a sin θ – b cos θ = n
4
B 4k A
On squarring both sides, we get
BC² = AC² – AB²
9 27 a² sin² θ + b² cos² θ – 2ab sin θ cos θ = n² (2)
–
4 64
= 25k² – 16k² = On adding (1) and (2), we get
27
1–
= 9k² 16 a² (sin² θ + cos² θ) + b² (sin² θ + cos² θ) = m² +
n²
∴ BC = 3k
144 – 27 ⇒ a² + b² = m² + n²
3sinA – 4sin A 2 64
So, =
4cos3A – 3cosA 16 – 24 21. x = a cos³ θ
3 16 y = b sin³ θ
3 3
3 –4
5 5 117 2 2

= = x 3 y 3

4
3
4 –44 Consider + b
4 –3 a
5 5 2 2
a cos3θ 3
b cos3θ 3
9 108 = +
– a b
5 125 –117
= = = cos² θ + sin² θ
256 12 44
–
125 5 = 1
9 108
– 22. sin (A + B) = 1 = sin 90°
5 125
=
256 12 A + B = 90° (1)
–
125 5 3
cos (A – B) = = cos 30°
2
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
139
 A – B = 30° (2) secA + 1
secA secA + 1
On solving (1) and (2), we get = = = RHS
secA – 1 secA – 1
A + B = 90° secA
A – B = 90°
_________ Section D
2A = 120°
25. C 10
A = 60° 3c
m
D
From (1), B = 90° – A
10

cm
cm
2

10
= 90° – 60°
1
= 30° A B

23. Consider
(1 – sin θ + cos θ)² In ∆ADB,
BD 10
= [(1 – sin θ) + cos θ]² tan (∠1) = = =1
AD 10
= (1 – sin θ)² + cos² θ + 2cos θ (1 – sin θ) ∴ ∠1 = 45°
= (1 – sin θ)² + (1 – sin² θ)+2cos θ(1 – sin θ) In ∆ADC,
= (1 – sin θ) [1 – sin θ + 1 + sin θ + 2cos θ] 10 3
tan (∠2) = = 3
10
= (1 – sin θ) (2 cos θ + 2)
∠2 = 60°
= 2 (1 + cos θ) (1 – sin θ)
So, ∠A = ∠1 + ∠2
= RHS
= 45° + 60°
tanA + sinA
24. LHS = = 105°
tanA – sinA
sinA 26. Consider
cosA + sinA
= sin θ
sinA LHS =
1 – cos θ
cosA – sinA
sin θ (1 + cos θ)
sinA + sinAcosA = (1 – cos θ) (1 + cos θ)
cosA
=
sinA – sinAcosA sin θ (1 + cos θ)
cosA =
1 – cos2 θ
sinA + sinAcosA sin θ (1 + cos θ)
= sinA – sinAcosA =
sin2 θ
1 1 + cos θ
sinA(1+ AcosA) 1 + secA =
sin θ
= sinA(1– AcosA) =
1
1– 1 cos θ
secA = +
sin θ sin θ
140 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = cosec θ + cot θ 1 1
= –
sinA cosecA + cotA
= RHS
i.e. To prove
27. Given : (2θ + 45°) & (30° + θ) and sin(2θ +
45°) = cos(30° + θ) 1 1 2
+ =
cosecA – cotA cosecA + cotA sinA
sin(2θ + 45°) = cos(30° + θ)
Consider
sin(2θ + 45°) = sin(90° θ(30°– θ))
1 1
[sin(90° – θ) = cos θ] +
cosecA – cotA cosecA + cotA
sin(2θ + 45°) = sin(90° – 30° + θ) 1 1
= +
On equating both sides, 1 cosA 1 cosA
– +
sinA sinA sinA sinA
(2θ + 45°) = (60° + θ)
sinA sinA
= +
2θ – θ = 60° - 45° 1 – cosA 1 + cosA
θ = 15° Ê 1 +-cosA
ˆ +1Ê – cosA
- ˆ
=Á ˜ Á ˜ sinA
Ë (1 – cosA)
¯ (1Ë + cosA)¯
28. Consider
tanA cotA Ê Ê -2 - ˆ ˆ
LHS = + = ÁÁ 2˜ ˜ sinA
1 – cotA 1 – tanA Ë1Ë – cos ¯A¯
sinA cosA 2
cosA sinA = sinA
sin2A
= +
cosA sinA
1– 1– 2
sinA cosA =
sinA
sin2A cos2A
= +
cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA (cosA – sinA) 30. sinθ + cosθ= p, secθ + cosecθ = q

sin2A cos2A Consider

= –
cosA (sinA – cosA) sinA (cosA – sinA)
q (p² – 1)
sin3A – cos3A = (secθ + cosecθ) [ sin²θ + cosθ²) – 2 ]
=
sinA cosA (sinA – cosA)
= (secθ + cosecθ) [sin²θ + cos²θ + 2sinθ cosθ -1]
(sinA – cosA) (sin A + cos A + sinA cosA
2 2
= Ê 1 -Ê ˆ -1 ˆ
sinA cosA (sinA – cosA) =Á Á +˜ ˜ (2 sinθ cosθ)
Ë cosθË ¯ sinθ ¯
1 + sinA cosA
= Ê sinθ
Ê- + cosθ
ˆ- ˆ
sinA cosA =Á Á ˜ ˜ (2 sinθ cosθ)
Ë sinθ
Ë cosθ
¯ ¯
= 1 + cosec A sec A
= 2 (sinθ + cosθ)
=RHS
= 2p
29. To prove :
31. Secθ + tanθ = p (i)
1 1
– We know that Sec²θ – tan²θ =1
cosecA – cotA sinA
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
141
 ⇒ (secθ – tanθ) (secθ + tanθ) = 1
WORKSHEET 2
⇒ (secθ – tanθ) p = 1
1 Section A
⇒ secθ – tanθ = (ii)
p 1. Consider
On adding (i) and (ii), we get (1 + cot²θ) sin²θ
1
2 secθ = p + ÊÊ - - 2ˆθ ˆ
cos
p = Á1Á+ ˜ ˜ sin²θ
Ë Ë sin2θ¯¯
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
secθ = Á Á p + ˜ ˜ = sin²θ + cos²θ
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
=1
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
1 2. Consider
–2 tanθ = –p
p
cosec²θ (1 + cosθ) (1 – cosθ) = x
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ
tanθ = Á Á p – ˜ ˜ ⇒ cosec²θ (1 – cos²θ) = x
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
⇒ cosec²θ sin²θ =x
Also,
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ 1
Á Áp – ˜ ˜ ⇒ sin²θ =x
2Ë Ë p ¯ ¯ p2 – 1 sin2θ
tanθ
sinθ = = = 2
secθ 1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ p + 1 ⇒ 1 =x
Á Áp + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
3. cos1° cos2° cos3°... cos179° cos188°
32. sinθ + cosθ = 2
= cos1° cos2° cos3°... cos90°... cos179° cos188°
1 1
⇒ sinθ + cosθ = 1 = 0
2 2
π π A
⇒ cos sinθ + sin cosθ = 1 4.
4 4
Ê Ê π - -ˆ ˆ π
⇒ Á Á + θ˜ =
sin ˜ 1 = sin 3k 5k
Ë Ë4 ¯ ¯ 2
π π
⇒ +θ=
4 2 θ
π π B 4k C
⇒ θ= –
2 4 cotθ = 4
π 4
4 cotθ =
Consider 3
BC
tanθ + cotθ =
AB
π π Let BC = 4k, AB = 3k
= tan+ cot
4 4
=1+1 By Pythagoras theorem,
=2
142 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AC² = AB² + BC² A
= (3k)2 + (4k)2 34
k
3k
= 9k² + 16k²
= 25k² θ
B 5k C
∴ AC = 5k
4cosθ – sinθ Let AB = 3k
Consider 2cosθ + sinθ BC = 5k

4 3 By Pythagoras theorem,
4 –
5 5 AC² = AB² + BC²
=
4 3
2 – = 9k² + 25k²
5 5
= 34k²
16 3
–
5 5 ⇒ AC = 34 k
=
8 3
+ Consider
5 5
5sinθ – 2sec3θ + 2cosθ
13 5 5sinθ + 2sec3θ + 2cosθ
= ×
5 11 3
Ê Ê - 3 -ˆ ʈ Ê -34-ˆ ˆÊ Ê - 5 -ˆ ˆ
13 Á5 Á ˜ –Á˜2 Á ˜ +
˜Á 2 Á ˜ ˜
= Ë Ë 34¯ ˯ Ë 5 ¯ ¯Ë Ë 34¯ ¯
11 = 3
Ê Ê - 3 -ˆ ʈ Ê -34-ˆ ˆÊ Ê - 5 -ˆ ˆ
Á5 Á ˜ +Á˜2 Á ˜ –
˜Á 2 Á ˜ ˜
5. Consider (secA + tanA) (1 – sinA) Ë Ë 34¯ ˯ Ë 5 ¯ ¯Ë Ë 34¯ ¯

Ê 1Ê- ˆsin
- ˆ 15 10 68
+ – 34
=Á Á ˜ ˜ (1 – sinA) 34 34 125
Ë cosA
Ë cosA
¯ ¯
=
15 68 10
+ 34 –
(1 + sinA) (1 – sinA) 34 125 34
=
cosA
1 – sin2A cos2A 25 34 68
– 34
= = 34 125
cosA cosA =
5 34 68
= cosA + 34
34 125
6. 3 cosθ = 5 sinθ 3125 34 – 2312 34
3 sinθ 4250
= =
5 cosθ 625 34 + 2312 34
3 AB 4250
tanθ = =
5 BC
813 34
=
2937 34

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
143
 271 ⇒ (90° – 2θ) = (θ + 6°)
=
979 ⇒ 90° – 6° = 3θ
cos (90° – θ) sec (90° – θ) tan θ
84
cosec (90° – θ) sin (90° – θ) cot (90° – θ) ⇒ =θ
3
tan (90° – θ)
+ ⇒ 28° =θ
cotθ
sinθ cosecθ tanθ cotθ 2cos 67° tan 40°
= + 11. – – cos 0°
secθ cosθ tanθ cotθ sin 23° cot 50°
1 2cos(90° – 23°) tan(90° – 50°)
= +1 = – – cos 0°
1 sin 23° cot 50°
= 2
2sin 23° cot 50°
= – – cos 0°
7. cosφ sin 23° cot 50°
= cos (180° – (90° + θ)) = 2–1–1

= cos (90° – θ) =0

= sinθ
12. sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°)
4
= cosec (90° – 4A) = cosec (A – 20°)
5
(sec θ = cosec (90 – θ)
8. cos² 17° – sin²73°
Comparing angles
= cos² (90° – 73°) – sin²73°
90° – 4A = A – 20°
= sin²73° – sin²73°
–4A – A = –20° – 90°
= 0
–5A = –110°
2tan 30°
9. –110°
1 + tan2 30° A=
–5
1 A = 22°
2
3
=
1 ² cos 70° cos 59°
1+ 13. + – 8 sin² 30°
3 sin 20° sin 31°

2 3 cos (90° – 20°) cos (90° – 31°) 1

2
= × = + –8
3 4 sin 20° sin 31° 2
3 sin 20° sin 31° 8
= = + –
2 sin 20° sin 31° 4
Section B = 1+1–2
10. tan 2θ = cot (θ + 6°) = 0
⇒ cot (90° – 2θ) = cot (θ + 6°)
144 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
14. Sin 75 = Sin (30 + 45) 16. α + β = 90°
= Sin 30 Cos 45 + Sin 45 Cos 30 To prove: = cos α cosec β – cos α sin β
1 1 1 3 = sin α
= +
2 2 2 2 Consider cos α sec α – cos α cos α
1 3
= + = cos α cosec (90° – α) – cos α sin (90° – α)
2 2 2 2
(1 + 3 ) = cos α sec α – cos α cos α
=
2 2
= 1 – cos2 α
On rationalising :-
(1 + 3 ) (2 2 ) = sin2 α
(2 2 ) (2 2 )
= sin α
(2 2 + 2 6 )
17. Consider
8
cos 58° cos38° cosec52°
2( 2 + 6) 2 – 3
sin 32° tan15° tan60° tan75°
8
cos (90° – 32°)
( 2 + 6) = 2
sin 32°
4
( 2 + 6) – 3 cos (90° – 52°) cosec52°
Therefore Sin75 =
4 tan (90° – 75°) tan60° tan75°

15. sinθ = cosθ sin 32° sin52° cosec52°

= 2 – 3
sin 32° cot75° tan60° tan75°
sinθ
=1 1
cosθ
= 2– 3
tanθ = 1 3
π = 2–1
∴ θ =
4
= 1
Consider 2 tan²θ + sin²θ – 1
1
π π 18. tanθ + =2
= 2 tan² + sin² – 1 tanθ
4 4
On squarring both sides, we get
1 ²
= 2 (1)² + –1 1 1
2 tan²θ + 2 + 2 tanθ =4
tan θ tanθ
1
= 2– –1 1
2 tan²θ + +2=4
tan2θ
1
= 1– 1
2 tan²θ + =4–2
1 tan2θ
=
2 1
=2
tan2θ
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
145
 2tan 67° sin 40° 21. Consider
19. – – tan 0°
cot 23° cos 50°
(secθ – tanθ)²
2tan (90° – 23°) sin (90° – 50°)
= – – tan 0° 1 sinθ ²
cot 23° cos 50° = –
cosθ cosθ
2cot 23° cos 50°
= – – tan 0°
cot 23° cos 50° 1 – sinθ ²
=
cosθ
=2–1=0
(1 – sinθ)2
= 0 =
cos2θ

Section C (1 – sinθ)2
=
1 – sin2θ
20.
(1 – sinθ) (1 – sinθ)
O =
(1 – sinθ) (1 + sinθ)
1 – sinθ
= 1 + sinθ
7 cm x+1
22. Consider
secθ – tanθ
P x = 24 Q secθ + tanθ
(secθ – tanθ) (secθ – tanθ)
OQ – PQ =1 =
(secθ + tanθ) (secθ – tanθ)
Let PQ =x
(secθ – tanθ)2
=
∴ OQ =x+1 sec2θ – tan2θ
By Pythagoras theorem, sec2θ + tan2θ – 2secθ tanθ
= 1
OQ = OP + PQ
= 1 + tan²θ + tan²θ – 2 secθ tanθ
(x + 1)² = 7² + x²
= 1 – 2 secθ tanθ + 2 tan²θ
x² + 1 + 2x = 49 + x²
cos220° + cos270°
2x = 48 23. + 2 cosec58°
sec250° – cot240°
x = 24 – 2 cot58° tan32° – (4 tan13° tan37° tan45°
∴ PQ = 24 cm and OQ = 25 cm tan53° tan77°)
OP cos2(90° – 70°) + cos270°
sinQ = = + 2 cosec58°
OQ sec2(90° – 40°) – cot240°
7
=
25 – 2 tan32° cot (90° – 32°) – 4 tan (90° –
PQ 77°) tan (90° – 53°) (1) tan53° tan77°
cosQ =
OQ
sin270° + cos270°
24 = + 2 cosec 58°
= cosec240° – cot240°
25
146 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 – 2 tan32° cosec32° – 4 cot77° cot53° (1 + cot2θ) – (1 + tan2θ)
tan53° tan77° =
(1 + cot2θ) + (1 + tan2θ)
= 1 + 2 cosec58° – 2 sec 32° – 4 cot2θ – tan2θ
= 2 + cot2θ – tan2θ
= 1 + 2 cosec (90° – 32°) – 2 sec 32° – 4
= 1 + 2 sec32° – 2 sec 32° – 4 Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ 1 ²
Á Á
Ë Ë 7 ˜¯ ˜¯–
7
= –3 =
Ê Ê - -ˆ ² ˆ 1 ²
2 ÁË+ ÁË 7 ˜¯ ˜¯+
24. cosecθ + cotθ = p (i) 7

Consider 1
7–
7
cosec²θ – cot²θ = 1 = 1
2+7+
(cosecθ – cotθ) (cosecθ + cotθ) = 1 7
1 48 7 48
(cosecθ – cotθ) = (ii) = × =
p 7 64 64
On adding (i) and (ii), we get 12
=
16
1
2 cosecθ = p + 3
p =
4
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
cosecθ = Á Á p + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯ C
26.
On subtracting (i) and (ii), we get
1
– 2 cotθ = –p
p
2
k
k

1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ
cotθ = Á Áp – ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
cotθ
∴ cosθ = B k A
cosecθ
2 AC
1Ê Ê - -1 ˆ ˆ cosec A = =
Á Áp – ˜ ˜ 1 BC
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯
= Let AC = 2 k
1Ê Ê - -1ˆ ˆ
Á Áp + ˜ ˜
2Ë Ë p¯ ¯ BC = k

p2 – 1 By Pythagoras theorem,
=
p2 + 1 AC² = AB² + BC²
1 2k² = AB² + k²
25. tanθ =
7 AB² = 2k² – k² = k²
cosec θ – sec2θ
2

cosec2θ + sec2θ AB = k

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
147
 2sin2A + 3cot2A 28. To prove
So,
4tan2A – cos2A
cos6A + sin6A = 1 – 3sin2A cos2A
1 ²
2 + 3(1)2 LHS
2
= cos6A + sin6A
Ê Ê - -ˆ ˆ²
4(1) –
2Á
Ë
Á
Ë 2˜ ˜
¯ ¯
= (cos6A)3 + (sin2A)3
1+3
=
4–2 = (cos²A + sin²A) [(cos2A)2 – cos2A x sin²A +
(sin²A)2]
= 2
(Because, a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2))
27. A
= (cos2 A)2 – cos2 A x sin2A + (sin2A)2
(Because, sin2 x + cos2 x = 1)
a²
+

ak = (cos2 A)2 – cos2 A x sin2A + (sin2A)2 + 2cos2

b²
k

A sin2A – 2cos2A sin2A

= (cos2 A + sin2A)2 – 3cos2 A sin2A

B bk C (Because, a2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b)2)

a = 1 – 3cos²A sin²A
sinθ =
a² + b² = RHS
AB Hemce, proved.
=
AC
Let AB = ak, AC = a² + b² k 29. 5 tan x = 4
4
By Pythagoras theorem, tan x =
5
AC² = AB² + BC² 5sin x – 3cos x
Consider
(a² + b²) k² = a²k² + BC² 5sin x + 2cos x

BC² = b²k² 5sin x – 3cos x

cos x
BC = bk =
5sin x + 2cos x
BC
∴ cosθ = cos x
AC
5tan x – 3
b =
= 5tan x + 2
a² + b²
4
5 –3
AB 5
tanθ = =
BC 4
5 +2
a 5
=
b 4–3
=
4+2
148 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 A
=
6
Section D
1
30. secθ = x + 8k 17k
4x
We know that sec²θ – tan²θ = 1
tan²θ = sec²θ – 1 θ
1
2 B 15k C
= x+ –1
4x Let BC = 15k
2
1 1 AB = 8k
= x² + + 2x –1
4x 4x
By Pythagoras theorem,
2
1 1
= x² + – AC² = AB² + BC²
4x 2
2 = 64k² + 225k²
1
= x–
4x = 289k²

1 ∴ AC = 17k²
So, tan²θ = x –
4x (2 + 2sinθ)(1 – sinθ)
(i) Consider
(1 + cosθ)(2 – 2cosθ)
1
∴ tanθ = ± x– 2(1 + sinθ)(1 – sinθ)
4x
=
2(1 + cosθ)(1 – cosθ)
Case 1 Case 2 1 – sin2θ
=
1 1 1 – cos2θ
secθ = x + secθ = x +
4x 4x cos2θ
=
1 1 sin2θ
tanθ = x – tanθ = – x –
4x 4x = cot²θ
So, So,
225
=
secθ + tanθ secθ + tanθ 64
1 1 cosec2θ – cot2θ
= 2x =x+ –x+ (ii)
4x 4x cosec2θ + cot2θ
2
= 1
4x =
cosec θ + cot2θ
2
1
= 1
2x =
1 17 ² 15 ²
∴ secθ + tanθ = 2x + +
2x 8 8

15 64
31. cotθ = =
8 289 + 225
BC 64
= =
AB 514

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
149
 32 = (cosecθ – sinθ)² (secθ – cosθ)²[(cosecθ –
=
257 sinθ)² (secθ – cosθ)²] + 3
(iii) sec²θ + tan²θ ² ²
1 1
17 ² 8 ² = – sinθ – cosθ
= + sinθ cosθ
15 15
1 ² 1 ²
289 64 – sinθ + – cosθ + 3
= + sinθ cosθ
225 225
353 1 – sin²θ ² 1 – cos²θ ²
= = =
225 sinθ cosθ

32. tan A = n tan B 1 – sin²θ ² 1 – cos²θ ²

+ +3
sin A sin B sinθ cosθ
⇒ =n (i)
cos A cos B
cos²θ ² sin²θ ² cos²θ ² sin²θ ²
Also, sin A = m sin B = cosθ + +3
sinθ sinθ cosθ
sin A
⇒ =m (ii)
sin B cos4θ sin4θ cos4θ sin4θ
= sin2θ cos2θ + +3
From (i), (ii), we get sin2θ cos2θ

cos A cos6θ + sin6θ + 3sin2θ cos2θ

m=n = sin²θ cos²θ
cos B sin2θ cos2θ
n
⇒ cos B = cos A (iii) = (sin²θ)³ + (cos²θ)³ + 3 sin²θ cos²θ
m
On putting value of sin B and cos B from = (sin²θ + cos²θ) (sin4θ + cos4θ – sin²θ cos²θ)
(ii) and (iii) in cos² B + sin² B = 1, we get + 3 sin²θ cos²θ

n2 1 = sin4θ + cos4θ + 2 sin²θ cos²θ

cos² A + 2 sin² A =1
m 2
m = (sin²θ + cos²θ)²
n² cos² A + sin² A = m²
= 1²
n² cos² A + 1 – cos² A = m² = 1

n² cos² A – cos² A = m² – 1 cosα cosα

34. cosβ m and sinβ = n
(n² – 1) cos² A = m² – 1
Consider
m2 – 1
∴ cos² A = 2 (m² + n²) cos²β
n –1

33. cose c θ – sinθ = l cos²α cos²α

= cos²β + sin²β cos²β
secθ – cosθ =m
cos²α sin²β + cos²β cos²α
Consider = cos²β
cos²β sin²β
l² – m² (l² + m² + 3) cos²α sin²β + cos²β cos²α
= sin²β

150 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 cosα ² ⇒ x² + y² =1
=
sinβ
= n² 37. cosecθ – sinθ = m

1
35. (secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) ⇒ – sinθ = m
sinθ
= (secA – tanA) (secB – tanB) (secC – tanC) (i) 1 – sin²θ
⇒ sinθ = m
On multiplying both side of (i) by (secA – tanA)
(secB – tanB) (secC – tanC), we get cos²θ
⇒ sinθ =m
(sec²A – tan²A) (sec²B – tan²B) (sec²C – tan²C)
= (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² Also, secθ – = n

⇒ 1 = (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² 1

– cosθ = n
cosθ
⇒ (secA – tanA)² (secB – tanB)² (secC – tanC)² = ±1
1 – cos²θ
Again, Multiplying both sides of (i) by =n
cosθ
(secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) sin²θ
we get cosθ = n

(secA + tanA)² (secB + tanB)² (secC + tanC)² So,

2 2
= (sec²A – tan²A) (sec²B – tan²B) (sec²C – tan²C) L H S = (m2n) 3 + (mn2) 3
2 2
= 1
cos4θ sin2θ 3 cos2θ sin4θ 3
= +
∴ (secA + tanA) (secB + tanB) (secC + tanC) = ±1 sin2θ cosθ sinθ cos4θ
2 2
= (cos3θ) 3 + (sin3θ) 3
36. x sin³θ + y cos³θ = sinθ cosθ
= cos²θ + sin²θ
⇒ x sin³θ + cos²θ (y cosθ) = sinθ cosθ
= 1
⇒ x sin³θ + cos²θ x sinθ = sinθ cosθ
[ y cosθ = x sinθ ] 38. a secθ + b tanθ + c = 0

⇒ x sinθ + (sin²θ + cos²θ) = sinθ cosθ p secθ + q tanθ + r = 0

⇒ x sinθ = sinθ cosθ To prove:

⇒ x = cosθ (br – qc)² – (pc – ar)² = (aq – pb)²

x sinθ cosθ sinθ Consider
∴ y = cosθ = cosθ = sinθ
Also, we know that (br – qc)² – (pc – ar)²

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 = [ b (– p secθ – q tanθ) + q (a secθ + b

tanθ)]² – [p (– a secθ – b tanθ) + a (p
⇒ y² + x² =1 secθ + q tanθ)]²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
151
 = [ – bp secθ – bq tanθ + aq secθ + bq tanθ 1
]² – [ – ap secθ – bp tanθ + ap secθ + aq = 1 + 1 – a2 + (1 – a²) 1 – a2 1+
tan2θ
tanθ]²
= [ secθ (aq – bp)]² – [(aq – bp) tanθ]² 1
= 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) ( 1 – a2 ) 1 +
1 – a2
= (aq – bp)² (sec²θ – tan²θ)

= (aq – bp)² 1 – a2
= 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) 2 – a2
1 – a2

39. tan²θ = 1 – a² = 2 – a2 + (1 – a²) 2 – a2

Consider
= 2 – a2 + (1 + 1 – a²)
(secθ + tan³θ cosecθ)
= 2 – a2 + (2 – a²)
= 1 + tan2θ + tan²θ tanθ cosecθ
2
= (2 – a2) 3
= 1 + tan2θ + tan²θ tanθ 1 + cot2θ

152 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter Some Applications of
09 Trigonometry
3. A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. A
x

θ
B 60° C B 3x C
100
AB x 1
AB tan θ = = =
tan 60° = BC 3x 3
BC
θ = 30°
AB
3 =
100 Option (d)
∴ AB = 100 3 m
4. A
Option (d)

2.
A

60°
30 m
B 2.5 m C
θ BC
B E Cos 60° =
1.5 m 1.5 m AC
C 28. 5 m D 1 2.5
=
2 AC
AB = AC – BC AC =5m

= 30 – 1. 5 Option (b)

= 28.5 m 5. A

BE = CD = 28.5 m
In ∆ABE,
AB 28.5 30°
tanθ = = = 1 B E
BE 28.5
1.7 m 1.7 m
⇒ θ = 45°
Option (c) C 20 3 D
In ∆ABE, BE = CD = 20 3 m
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
153
 AB 2.
tan 30° = A E
BE
1 AB
=
3 20 3 x y

∴ AB = 20 m
30° 60°
So, AC = AB + BC = 20 + 1. 7 B C D
= 21. 7 m Let AB and DE denote two towers
Option (a) In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 30° =
WORKSHEET 1 BC
1 x
=
Section A 3 BC
⇒ BC = 3
1. A
In ∆CDE,
DE
tan 60° =
CD
y
D 3 =
CD
h Metres y
60° 30° CD =
B C 3
Let AB denotes the tower. As BC = CD
y
In ∆BCD, ∴ 3x =
3
CD
tan 60° = 3x = y
BC
h ⇒ x :y = 1 :3
3 =
BC
3. In ∆ABC,
h
BC = Metre AB 20 1
3 tan C = = =
In ∆ABC, BC 20 3 3
∴ C = 30°
AB
tan 30° =
BC 4. A
1 AB
= E
3 h

1 3
= 1.5 m
3 h
θ
h B 3m C 4.5 m D
AB = Metre
3
154 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let CE denotes the boy and AB denotes a = 3
lamp-post.
θ = 60°
In ∆DCE,
CE 1.5 1 8. A
tan θ = = =
CD 45 3
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan θ =
BD
1 AB
=
3 7.5 45° 30°
∴ AB = 2. 5 m B x D 20 m C
Let AB denotes the chimney.
5. In ∆ABC,
BC Let BD = x metre
sin 45° =
AC In ∆ABC,
1 BC AB
= tan 30° =
2 150 BC
150 1 AB
BC = =
2 3 x + 20

= 75 2 m 1
AB = (x + 20) (i)
3
6. A In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 45° =
BD
AB
1 =
θ x
B C AB = x (ii)
Let AB denotes the vertical role and BC From (i) and (ii),
denotes the shadow of the role.
1
Let AB = BC = x AB = x = (x + 20)
3
In ∆ABC,
3 x – x = 20
AB x
tan θ = = =1 20
BC x x =
3–1
∴ θ = 45°
20
= ( 3 + 1)
7. In ∆BAC, 2
AB x = 10 ( 3 + 1)
tan θ =
AC
5a 3 ∴ AB = x = 10 ( 3 + 1)
=
5a
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
155
 9. A Let AC be x and AB be 12 – x

AC
∴ sin 60° =
AB
3 x
=
2 12 – x
45° 12 3 – 3 x = 2x
B 10 m C
12 × 1.73 = 2x + 1.73x
Let AB denotes the tower and BC denotes
the shadow 20.76 = 3.73x

In ∆ABC, 2076 × 100

=x
AB 373 × 100
tan 45° =
BC 5.6m = x = AC
AB
1 = 12. Let the aeroplane be at B and let the two
10
ships be at C and D such that their angles of
AB = 10 m depression from B are 60° and 30° respectively.

10. A In ∆CAB, we have,

AB
tan 60° =
CA
21 m
1200
⇒ 3 =
30° x
B C 1200
⇒x = = 400 3
Let AC denotes the string of kite. 3

In ∆ABC, In ∆BAD, we have

AB AB
sin 30° = tan 30° =
AC AD
1 21 1 1200
= ⇒ =
2 AC 3 x+y
AC = 42 m ⇒x+y = 1200 3

Section B ⇒y = 1200 3 – x

11. ⇒y = 1200 3 – 400 3

12 m
= 800 3 = 800 × 1.732
A
= 1385.6
? Hence, the distance between the two ships is
1385.6 metres.
60°
C B
156 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
13. A Let AB denotes the three .

30° Step 1:
E 45° B
Given Data:
15 m In rt. ∆PRS,
D 45° C x = RS cot 30°
Let the window be at point E and AC be the x = RS 3
house.
Step 2:
Let
To find : AC x = 3 RS........ (i)
In ∆CDE, In rt. ∆RSQ,
DE
tan 45° =
CD SQ = RS cot 45°
15 Step 3:
1 =
CD
∴ CD = 15 m (100 – x) = RS

∴ BE = CD = 15 m x = 100 – RS........ (ii)

In ∆ABE, Step 4:
AB
tan 30° =
BE Equating (i) and Equation(ii) we have:
1 AB RS = 100 – RS
=
3 15
15 Step 5:
∴ AB = =5 3 m
3 2.73 RS = 100
Also, BC = DE =15 m RS = 36.63 m
∴ AC = AB = BC
AC = 5 3 + 15 15. A

= 5( 3 + 3) m
= 5 (1. 732 + 3) m
θ 90°– θ
= 5 x 4. 732 B a C D
b
= 23. 66 m
Let AB denotes the tree.
14.
R To prove : AB = ab metres
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan θ =
BC
45° AB
30° tan θ =
xm S (100 – x)m a
P Q
100 m
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
157
 ∴ AB = a tan θ (i) 17. P

In ∆ABD,
AB R β S
tan (90 – θ) =
BD
AB b b
cot θ =
b
∴ AB = b cot θ (ii) α β
A Q
From (i) and (ii) Let PQ denotes the tower

AB = a tan θ = b cot θ To prove : PQ = b tan α cot β

b QS = AR = b ft
tan2θ =
a
b In ∆RAQ,
∴ tan θ = AR
a tan β =
So, AB = a tan θ AQ

b b
= a tan β =
a AQ

= ab metres AQ = b cot β
In ∆PQA,
16. A
PR
tan α =
AQ
D PS + QS
tan α =
b cos β
50 m PS + b
tan α =
b cos β
30° 60°
B ⇒ PS + b = b tan α cot β
C
Let AB denotes the hill and CD denotes the ⇒ PS = b tan α cot β – b
tower such that CD = 50 m
So, PQ = PS + SQ
In ∆BCD,
CD = b tan α cot β – b + b
tan 30° =
BC = b tan α cot β
1 50
=
3 BC 18. A
∴ BC = 50 3 m h
C
In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 60° = 4000 m
BC 60° 45°
AB B D
3 =
50 3 Height of first Airplane = AB = 4000m
∴ AB = 150 m
158 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Height of another lane = BC
B r
The angles of elevation of two planes from the C
same point on the ground are 60° and 45°. i.e. r h
∠ADB = 60° and ∠CDB = 45° A
Let AC be h α α
α
2
β 2
CB = AB – AC = 4000 – h x
P Q
In ∆ABD
PX is the horizontal line and CQ ⊥ PQ. It is
Perpendicular given that ∠APB = α
tanθ =
Base
α
AB ∴ ∠CPA = ∠CPB =
tan60° = 2
BD and ∠CPA = β
4000 Let height of the centre C be h m and CA =
3 =
BD CB = r
4000 In right triangle CBP, we have
BD =
3 α BC
sin =
BD = 2309.401 2 CP

In ∆CBD α r
⇒ sin =
2 CP
Perpendicular
tanθ =
Base r
⇒ CP =
α
CB sin
tan45° = 2
BD α
⇒ CP = r cosec
4000 – h 2
1= In right triangle CPQ, we have
2309.401
CQ
2309.401 = 4000 – h sin β =
CP
h = 4000 – 2309.401 ⇒ CQ = CP sin β
h = 1690.599 α
⇒ CQ = r cosec sin β
2
Hence, the vertical distance between the Hence, the height of the centre
aeroplane at that instant is 1690.599 m. α
= r sin β cosec
2
Section C
20. B
19. Let P be the eye of observer. Let PA and PB
are tangents to the round balloon. b
E

α β
A C a D

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
159
 Let the kite be at point A such that AC is the 21. A
string of kite.
Let BC be the ladder which slides down a 60°
E D (man)
distance b on the wall. 45°
Lighthouse
In right triangle ABC, we have 25 m
AB AE + EB 45°
sin α = = B C
BC BC Sea level
AE + b
sin α = Let AB represents the light house (A shows
BC its top), BC represents the sea level and D
But, AE = sin β × ED (In ∆AED) represents the position of the man,
By the below diagram,
So, replacing AE by ED sin β, we get
In triangle DCB,
ED sin β + b CD
sin α = tan 45° =
BC BC
25
1= ⇒ BC = 25 m
⇒ b = BC sin α – ED sin β BC
⇒ ED = 25 meters,
As, BC and ED both represent the same ladder.
Now, in triangle DAE,

BC = ED. (length of ladder does not change) AE

tan 60° =
ED
AE
⇒ BC sin α – BC sin β = b 3 =
25
⇒ BC (sin α – sin β) = b ...(i) ⇒ AE = 25 3
Hence, the height of lighthouse,
Similarly, in right triangle AED, we have
AB = AE + EB
AD AC + CD = 25 3 + 25
cos β = =
ED ED
= 25( 3 + 1) meters.
AC + a
cos β =
ED 22. Let the distance between the nearer kilometre
stone and the hill be 'a' km. So, the distance
But, AC = BC cos α (In ∆ABC)
between the farther kilometre stone and the
hill is '1 + x' km since both are on the same
So, by replacing AC by BC cos α, we get ED
side of the hill.
cos β = BC cos α + a BC (cos, –cos α) = a [∴
ED = BC] ...(ii) Dividing (ii) by (i), we get In triangle APB,
h
a cos β – cos α tan 45° =
= x
b sin α – sin β
h
a cos α – cos β ⇒1=
= x
b sin β – sin α
160 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒h=x ⇒ d + BP = 100 3
In triangle AQB, ⇒ d + BP = 100 3
h
tan 30° = ⇒ d = 100 3 – 100
1+x
1 h ⇒ d = 100( 3 –1) = 100(1.732 – 1) = 73.2 m.
⇒ =
3 1+x Hence, the distance travelled by the ship from
A to B is 73.2 m.
⇒1+x= 3h
From equation 1, 24. Q

1+h= 3h⇒1= 3h–h xm

1
⇒h= 45°
3 –1 Y R
⇒ h = 1.365km 40 m 40 m
Hence, option A is correct. 60°
X P
Section D In YRQ, we have
23. Let A and B be the two positions of the ship. QR
Let d be the distance travelled by the ship tan 45° =
YR
during the period of observation i.e. AB = d
x
metres. ⇒1=
YR
Let the observer be at O, the top of the
⇒ YR = x
lighthouse PO.
It is given that PO = 100 m and the angle of or XP = x [As YR = XP] ...(1)
depression from O of A and B are 30° and 45°
Now, In ∆XPQ, we have
respectively.
PQ
∴ ∠OAP = 30° and ∠OBP = 45° tan 60° =
PX
In ∆OPB, we have x + 40
⇒ 3 = [Using (1)]
OP x
tan 45° =
BP ⇒ 3 x = x + 40
100 ⇒ x ( 3 – 1) = 40
⇒1=
BP
40
⇒ BP = 100 m ⇒x=
3 –1
In ∆OPA, we have On rationalising the denominator, we get
OP 40( 3 + 1)
⇒ tan 30° = 40 3 +1
AP x= × =
3 –1 3 +1 3–1
100 1
⇒ =
3 d + BP = 20( 3 + 1) = 54.64 m
So, height of the tower,

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
161
 PQ = x + 40 = 54.64 + 40 = 94.64 metres 26. A
Now, In ∆XPQ, we have
H
PQ 30°
sin 60° = D O
PX 60°
60m
3 94.64
⇒ =
2 XQ C B
94.64 × 2 94.64 × 2 × 3
XQ = = = 109.3 m
3 3
25. C

h
A'
B
Let AO = H
α CD = OB = 60 m
β
O x A A'B = AB = 60 + H
Let AB be the tower and BC be the flagstaff. In ∆AOD,
Let OA = x metres, AB = y metres and BC = h
AO H
metres. tan 30° = =
OD OD
In right ∆OAB, OD
H=
AB 3
tan α =
OA
y OD = 3 H
⇒ y = x tan α or x = tan α ...(i)
Now, In ∆A'OD,
In right ∆OAC,
OA' OB + BA'
y+h tan 60° = =
OD OD
tan β = x
60 + 60 + H 120 + H
(y + h) 3 = =
⇒ x= ...(ii) 3H 3H
tan β
From (i) and (ii), ⇒ 120 + H = 3H
y (y + h) ⇒ 2H = 120
tan α =
tan β
⇒ H = 60m
y(tan β – tan α) = h tan α
Thus, height of the cloud from the surface of
h tan α the lake = AB + A'B = 60 + 60 = 120 m.
y=
(tan β – tan α)
h tan α 1
Thus, the height of the tower is AB
(tan β – tan α) 27. = tan 30° =
AD 3

162 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 h 1 1500 3
⇒ x+y = ⇒ AB =
3 3

⇒x+y= 3h ⇒ AB = 1500 3 m ...(i)

∴ x = (x + y – y) In right triangle ADE, we have

= 3h–h DE
tan 30° =
AD
= h( 3 – 1) 1 DE
⇒ =
Now, h( 3 – 1) is covered in 12 min. 3 AB + BD

So, h will be covered in → 1 1500 3

⇒ =
3 AB + BD
12
× h
h( 3 – 1) ⇒ AB + BD = 1500 3 × 3
⇒ AB + BD = 4500 ...(ii)
12
= min
( 3 – 1) Putting the value of (i) in (ii), we get
1500 + BD = 4500
1200
= min
73 ⇒ BD = 3000

= 16 min, 23 sec Distance travelled in 15 sec

28. Let A be the point of observation, C and E = CE = BD = 3000 metres,

be the two points of the plane. It is given that 3000
after 15 seconds angle of changes from 60° to Now, speed of plane (m/s) = 15 = 200 m/s
30°.
C E 200
Now, speed of plane (km/s) = 1000 × 3600

1500 3 = 720 km/hr

1500 3
60° WORKSHEET 2
30°

A B D Section A
1. Let AB be the height of the tower and C be
i.e. ∠BAC = 60° and ∠DAE = 30°. It is also
the point.
given that height of the jet plane is 1500 3 m.
In right ∆ABC,
i .e. CB = 1500 3
AB
[Since jet plane is flying at constant height, tan 30° =
BC
therefore, CB = ED = 1500 3 m]
AB = BC tan 30°
BC
tan 60° = 20
AB AB = = 11.56m
3
1500 3
⇒ 3 = Therefore, the height of the tower is 11.56m.
AB

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
163
 2. A 5. Distance from the foot of ladder to wall =
1.5cm
Angle made by ladder is 60°
10 m
Consider tan 60° =

B 45° C Height of wall

Distance from foot of ladder to wall
Let AB and AC denotes the vertical role and
wire respectively. Height of wall
3 =
1.5
In ∆ABC,
Height of wall = 1.5 3
AB
sin 45° =
AC 6. A
1 10
=
2 AC
∴ AC = 10 2 m
60°
3. BD = AB – AD B 1.5 m C
= 6 – 2. 54 Let AB denotes the wall and AC denotes the
ladder.
= 3. 46 m
In ∆CBD, In ∆ABC,
AB
tan 60° =
BD BC
sin 60° =
CD AB
3 =
3 3.46 1.5
=
2 CD ∴ AB = 1.5 3 m
3.46 × 2
∴ CD = 7. Here is the position of balloon
3
3.46 × 2 Now, in ∆ABC,
=
1.73 AB
sin 60° =
6.92 AC
= AB = AC sin 60°
1.732
3
=4m = 215 ×
2
= 186 m
4. Let AB = 10 = Height of Pole
⇒ Height of the balloon from the ground is
And AD be the length of the wire 186 m.
From ∆ABD, 8. A
AB 1 10
sin 45° = ⇒ = ⇒ AD = 10 2
AD 2 AD
⇒ 10 × 1.414 (Take 2 = 1.414)
B 60° C
= 14.14m 2m
164 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let AB be the wall and AC be the ladder. 3 AB = 100
We have, 100
AB =
m
3
BC = 2 m and ∠ACB = 60° 100
So, height of building = m
3
In ∆ABC,
BC 10. A
cos 60° =
AC
1 2 B
⇒ =
2 AC 10 m
AC = 4 m C 60° 30° D
Let BC and AB denotes the building and
Section B tower respectively.
9. D In ∆BCD
BC
tan 30° =
A CD
100 m 1 10
=
3 CD
∴ CD = 10 3 m
60° 30°
B C In ∆ACD,
AC
let AB and CD denotes building and tower tan 60° =
CD
respectively.
10 + AB
In ∆BCD, 3 =
10 3
CD 30 = AB + 10
tan 60° =
BC
AB = 30 – 10
100
3 =
BC = 20 m
100 So, height of tower = AB
BC =
3
= 20 m
100
= 3 m
3 11. A
In ∆CBA, 30° 45°
AB
tan 30° = 100 m
BC
AB 30° 45°
1
= B C D
3 100 3
Let AC denotes the tower and the two buses
3
be at points B and D respectively.
1 3 AB
= To find : BD
3 100 3

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
165
 In ∆ABC, 13. C
AC
tan 30° =
BC
1 100
= 30°
3 BC A E
140 cm
∴ BC = 100 3
60 cm 60 cm
In ∆ACD,
B D
AC 140 cm
tan 45° =
CD Let AB be the height of second tower and CD
100 be the height of first tower.
1 =
CD
Given, BD = AE = 140 m
CD = 100 m
And AB = DE = 60 m
So, BD = BC + CD
In ∆AEC,
= 100 3 + 100
Perpendicular CE
tan 30°= =
= 100 ( 3 + 1) m Base AE
CE
12. In the first figure and from triangle BCD tan 30 ° =
140
BC 1 CE
sin 30° =
BD =
3 140
1 1.5
⇒ =
2 BD 140
CE =
⇒ BD = 1.5 × 2 3

⇒ BD = 3 140 × 3
CE =
So length of slide for child below 5 years = 3m ( 3 × 3)
[ Rationalising the denominator]
Again in the second figure and from triangle
BCD 140 3
BC CE =
sin 60° = 3
BD Height of the first tower CD = CE + DE
3 3
⇒ = 140 3
2 BD = + 60
3
(3 × 2)
⇒ BD = (140 × 1.73)
3 = + 60 [ 3 = 1.73]
3
( 3 × 3 × 2) 242.2
⇒ BD = =
3 3 + 60
⇒ BD = 2 3 = 80.73 + 60

So length of slide for child greater than 5 years = 140.73 m

=2 3 m Height of the first tower (CD)=140.73 m
166 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
14. AB is the tower and BC is the length of the E
shadow when the Sun's altitude is 60°, i.e.,
the angle of elevation of the top of the tower hm
from the tip of the shadow is 60° and DB is
the length of the shadow when the angle of A 30°
D
elevation is 30°.
A
1.7 m

hm C
B
20 3 m
30° 60° In ∆ADE,
D C B
40 m xm ED
tan 30° =
AD
Now, let AB be h m and BC be x m. According
to the question, DB is 40 m longer than BC. 1 h
⇒ =
3 20 3
So, BD = (40 + x) m
⇒ h = 20 m
Now, we have two triangles ABC and ABD.
∴ EC = ED + DC = (h + 1.7)m = 21.7 m
In ∆ABC,
h Hence, the height of the tower is 21.7 m.
AB
tan 60° = or 3 =
BC x
16. A
⇒x 3 =h ...(i)
In ∆ABD,
0m

AB
tan 30° =
10

BD 45°
1 h C G
i.e., = ...(ii)
3 x + 40 30° 20 m 20 m
Using (i) in (ii), we get (x 3 ) 3 = x + 40, B D E

i.e., 3x = x + 40 Distance between girl and bird is 30 2 m =

42.43 m.
i.e., x = 20
Given: Distance between boy and bird =100 m
So, h = 20 3 [From (i)]
Height of building = 20 m
Therefore, the height of the tower is 20 3 m.
Angle of elevation boy = 30°
Section C Angle of elevation girl = 45°
15. Let AB be the height of the observer and EC To find: Distance between girl and bird
be the height of the tower.
Given: In ∆ABC
AB = 1.7 m ⇒ CD = 1.7 m Using trigonometric ratio, we get
BC = 20 3 m AC
sin 30° =
Let ED be h m. AB

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
167
 1 AC AB
= tan θ =
2 100 BC
100 3 96
AC = =
2 4 BC
AC = 50 m 96 × 4
BC =
3
⇒ AC = FA + CF (from figure) BC = 32 × 4 = 128 m
50 = FA + 20 ( CF = ED = 20 m) Now, in ∆ABD,
AB
FA = 50 – 20 tan ϕ =
BD
FA = 30 m 1 96
=
3 BD
Now, In ∆AEF
96 × 3
Using trigonometric ratio, we get BD =
1
FA BD = 288 m
sin 45° =
AE So, the distance between two cars =
1 30
= CD = BD – BC
2 AE
= 288 m – 128 m = 160 m
AE = 30 2 = 42.43m
18. D
Therefore, distance between girl and bird is
30 2 = 42.43m
C
17. A

60°
45°
A B
120 m
Height of the flagstaff = CD
B C D
According to the figure,
We are given that from the top of tower 96
CB
m high, the angles of depression of two cars tan 45° =
120
on a road at the same level as the base of the
tower and on the same side of it are theta and CB
⇒1=
3 1 120
phi, where tan theta = and tan phi =
4 3 ∴ CB = 120 m
In the figure drawn above, let ∠ACB = tan θ = BD
3 1 tan 60° =
and ∠ADB = tan ϕ = and also the height 120
4 3 BD
of the tower = AB = 96 m. ⇒ 3 =
120
Perpendicular
Now, as we know that tan θ = ∴ BD = 120 × 1.73 = 207.6 m
Base
So, in ∆ABC, ∴ Height of the flagstaff = CD = 207.6 – 120
= 87.6 m

168 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
19. C From fig, PB = 4m, QB = 9m.
30°
Let angle of elevation from P be α and angle of
24 – h
elevation from Q be β.
A 30° Given that α and β are supplementary.Thus, α
15 m L 24 m
+ β = 90
h h In ∆ABP,
AB
D tan α = ...(i)
B 15 m BP
Let AB and CD be two poles, where CD = In ∆ABQ,
24 m. AB
tan β =
BQ
It is given that angle of depression of the top of
tan (90 – α) = AB/BQ (Since, α + β = 90)
the pole AB as seen from the top of the pole
CD is 30° and horizontal distance between AB
cot α =
the two poles is 15 m. BQ
∴ ∠CAL = 30° and BD = 15 m. AB
1/tan α =
BQ
To find: Height of pole AB
BQ
So, tan α = ...(ii)
Let the height of pole AB be h m. AB
AL = BD = 15 m and AB = LD = h From (i) and (ii)
Therefore, CL = CD – LD = 24 – h AB BQ
=
Consider right ∆ACL: BP AB
AB2 = BQ x BP
Perpendicular CL
tan ∠CAL = =
Base AL AB2 = 4 x 9
24 – h AB2 = 36
⇒ tan 30° =
15
15 Therefore, AB = 6.
⇒ 24 – h =
3 Hence, height of tower is 6m.
⇒ 24 – h = 5 3
Section D
⇒ h = 24 – 5 3
21. A
⇒ h = 24 – 5 × 1.732 [Taking 3 = 1.732]
⇒ h = 15.34
h
Therefore, height of the pole AB = h m =
15.34 m.
60° 45°
20. Given AB is the tower. B x C 20 m D
P and Q are the points at distance of 4m and
From the figure h = length of the tower
9m respectively.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
169
 From the ∆ABC Height of ballon from the ground = 2 + 4 + 2
=8m
⇒ h = 1.732 x ------- (1)
From the ∆ABD 23. C

⇒ h = 20 + x ------ (2)
Equating equation (1) = equation (2)
E 60° A
1.732 x = x + 20 30°
⇒ 0.732 x = 20 15m
⇒ x = 27.32 m 30°
D B
Thus the height of the tower is given by
AB = ED = 15 m
h = 1.732 x
AE = BD
⇒ h = 1.732 × 27.32
In ∆ADB,
⇒ h = 47.32 m
15
tan 30° =
This is the value of height of the tower. DB
DB = 15 3 m
22. Ballon

x Or, AE = 15 3 m
30°
Window2 B In ∆ACE,
y
4 4 CE
60° tan 60° =
Window1 A AE
y
2 2
CE = 15 3 m = 45 m

x So, CD = CE + ED = 60 m
tan 30° =
y AB is the building.
y = x 3 ...(i) CD is the tower.
x+4
tan 60° = 24. E
y
x+4
y= ...(ii)
3
Equating (i) and (ii) A 60° D hm
30°
x+4
x 3 =
3 12 m
3x = 3 + 4
B C
x=2
Let AB be the deck of the ship. AB = 10 cm

170 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Suppose CE be the cliff. C and E are the top In ∆ADC,
and bottom of the cliff
CD
Let CE = h m tan 30° =
AD
Given, ∠EAD = 60° and ∠DAC = 30° 1 12m
∴ =
3 AD
CD = AB = 12 m
⇒ AD = 12 3 m
∴ DE = CE – CD = (h – 12)m
From (i) and (ii), we have
In ∆ADE,
(h – 12) 3
DE Perpendicular m = 12 3 m
tan 60° = tan θ = 3
AD Base
(h – 12)m ⇒ h = 36 + 12 = 48
∴ 3 =
AD Height of the cliff = 48 m
(h – 12) (h – 12) 3
⇒ AD = m= m ...(i) Distance of cliff from the ship = BC = AD =
3 3
12 3 m

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
171
 Chapter

10 Circles
4. A B (4, 0)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. C – r = 37
C = 37 – r
C = 2∏ r C (0, 3) C (4, 3)

2 × 22 Diagonal = BD = (4 – 0)3 + (0 – 3)3

37 + r =
7×r
= 16 + 9
44r
37 + r = = 25
7
44r 37r =5
37 = 7 – r =
7 Option (a)
37 × 7
r= 18
37 5. Radius = = 9 cm
2
r = 7 cm Perimeter = 2πr
2 × 22 = 2πr (9)
C= = 44 cm
7×7
= 18πr cm
Option (b) Option (c)

2. πr12 + πr22 = πr2

WORKSHEET 1
r12 + r22 = r2
52 + (12)2 = r2 Section A
θ
Option (b) 1. Arc length = 2πr
360°
θ
3. Distance covered in one revolution 3π = 2π × 6
360
= 2πr θπ
⇒ 3π =
22 35 30
=2× ×
7 2 3π × 30
⇒θ =
= 110 cm π
= 90°
Option (b)
2. Diameter = 14 cm

172 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 14 = 3π10
⇒ radius =
7 cm
2
= 30π cm2
Perimeter of semi – circle protractior
1 6. Distance covered in one revolution
= 2r + (2πr)
2 = 2πr
= 2r + πr
22
22 =2× π
= 2 (7) + ×7 7
7 Number of revolutions in covering a distance of x metres.
= 14 + 22 x
= 22
= 36 cm 2× ×r
7
3. A
7x
=
44r

7. Let the diameter and a side be x units.

r
x
units
So, radius of circle =
2
B r O r units C x ²
∴ Area of circle = π
1 2
Area of ∆BAC = × BC × AO
2 πx2
=
1 4
= × 2r × r
2 Area of equilateral triangle
= r2 sq.units 3
= (side)2
4
4. Perimeter of sector
3 2
θ = x
= 2r + 2πr 4
360°
Area of circle
πθ ∴ Area of equilateral triangle
= 2r 1 +
360°
πx2
22 60
= 2 (10.5) 1 + × 360 4
7 =
3 2
11 x
= 21 1 + 4
21
π
21 × 32 =
= 3
21
8. C
= 32 cm
A
5. r = 10 cm
a
θ = 108° 90°
θ B
area of sector = πr2 O a
360°
108
= 360 × π(100)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
173
 Perimeter of segment ABC ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA
= BC + length of arc BAC (Angle opposite to equal sides are equal.)
In ∆BOC, In PAB,
BC2 = OC2 + OB2 ∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
(By Pythagoras theorem) (Angle sum property)
BC2 = a2 + a2 60° + 2 ∠PAB = 180°
= 2a2 2 ∠PAB = 120°

∴ BC = 2 a ∠PAB = 60°

Also length of arc BAC ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60°

90 22 ∴ AB = PA = PB = 5 cm
= ×2× ×a
360 7
11. C
11a R
=
7
So, Perimeter of segment ABC D

11a Q
= 2a+
7
S
Section B
9. We know that AD = AF A
P
BD = BE B
CE = CF AP + PB + CR + RD = BQ + CQ + AS + DS
Let AD = AF = x As we know that the length of tangents drawn from an
BD = BE = y external point to a circle are equal,

CE = CF = z AP = AS (i)

Then x + y = 12 BP = BQ (ii)

y+z=8 CR = CQ (iii)

x + z = 10 DR = DS (iv)

On Solving above equation we get x = 7, y = 5, z = 3 On adding both sides of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get

So AD = 7, BE = 5, CF = 3 AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS

10. BP = AP = 5 cm ∴ (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ)

(The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to AB + CD = BC +AD

a circle are equal.)

174 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
12. T ∴ ∆OTP ≅ ∆OSP (SSS)

r ∴ ∠OPS = ∠OPT
Q
O P 1
r 2r = ∠TPS (CPCT)
2
1
S = (120°)
2
∠TOP = θ = 60°

As we know that radius is perpendicular to the tangent In ∆OSP,

at the point of contact. OS ⊥ PS
∠OTP = 90° (Radius is perpendicular to the tangent at the
So, in ∆OTP point of contact.)

r PS
OT 1 cos (∠OPS) =
cos θ = = = OP
OP 2r 2
PS
1 ⇒ cos 60° =
∴ cos = = cos 60° OP
2 1 PS
⇒ =
⇒θ = 60° 2 OP
⇒ OP = 2 PS
∴ ∠TOS = 60° + 60° = 120°
14. In ∆OAP,
As OT = OS
OA = 6 cm
⇒ ∠OTS = ∠OST
AP = 8 cm
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
∴ OP2 = OA2 + AP2
In ∠OTS,
(By Pythagoras theorem)
∠TOS + ∠OTS + ∠OST = 180°
= 62 + 82
120° + 2 ∠OTS = 180°
= 36 + 64
2 ∠OTS = 60°
= 100
∠OTS = 30°
⇒ OP = 10 cm
∴ ∠OTS = ∠OST = 30°
Now, In ∆OBP,
13. In ∆OTP and ∆OSP
OP2 = OB2 + BP2
OT = OS (Radii of same circle)
102 = 42 + BP2
OP = PO (Common)
(By Pythagoras theorem)
PT = PS
100 = 16 + BP2
(The lengths of tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are equal.) BP2 = 100 – 16

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
175
 = 84 17. D R C
∴ BP = 2 21 cm 2
O3
15. ∠OAC = 90° (as radius ⊥ tangent) 1 4 Q
S 8 5
∠BOC = ∠OAC + ∠ACO 7 6
(Exterior angle property)
A P B
130° = 90° + ∠ACO
Const: Join OP, OQ, OR and OS.
∠ACO = 130° – 90° = 40°
Proof: Since, the two tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
Section C ∴ ∠1 = ∠2, ∠3 = ∠4, ∠5 = ∠6, ∠7 = ∠8
16. D R C
Since sum of all the angles subtended at a point is 360°.
∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 + ∠7 + ∠8
S O Q = 360°
⇒ 2 ∠2 + 2 ∠3 + 2 ∠6 + 2 ∠7 = 360°

A P B ⇒ 2 (∠2 +∠3 + ∠6 + ∠7) = 360°

A rhombus is a parallelogram with all equal ⇒ ∠2 +∠3 + ∠6 + ∠7 = 180°

sides. ⇒ (∠6 +∠7) + (∠2 + ∠3) = 180°
In 11 gm ABCD ⇒ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180°
AB = CO and AD = BC Similarly, we can prove ∠AOD + ∠BOC = 180°
Hence AP = AS; BP = BQ; CR = CQ; DR = DS
18. P
Adding we get AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ
z
+ CQ + DS z
(AP + BP) + (CR + DR) = (AS + DS) + (BQ + CQ) N

AB + CD = AD + BC L
y
AB + AB = AD + AD x
Q x M y R
2 AB = 2 AD
So AB = AD and AB = CD and AD = BC QL = QM

So AB = CD = AD = CD RM = RN

So ABCD is 11 gm with equal sides. PL = PN

∴ ABCD is a rhombus. We know that the tangents drawn to a circle

from an external point are equal in length.
∴ Proved.
Let QL = QM =x

176 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let RM = RN =y ∆OYA≈∆OCA
Let PL = PN =z ⇒ ∠OY'A = ∠OCA [CPCT]---------------(1)
Consider PQ + QR + PR = 60 || ly ∆OY'B ≈ ∆OCB
⇒ x + z + x + y + z + y = 60 ⇒ ∠Y'BO = ∠CBO [CPCT]---------------(2)
⇒ 2x + 2y + 2z = 60 ∠YAB + ∠Y'BA = 180°[co-interior angles]
⇒ x + y + z = 30 2∠OAB + 2∠OBA = 180° ---[from (1) and (2)]
PQ = 20 2(∠OAB + ∠OBA) = 180°
x + z = 20 ∠OAB + ∠OBA = 90°---------------------(3)
∴ RN = 10 cm In ∆AOB
Also, QR = 16 ∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle]
x + y = 16
90° + ∠AOB = 180°
∴ z = 30 – (x + y)
∠AOB = 180° – 90°
= 30 – 16
∠AOB = 90°
= 14 cm
∴ Hence Proved
∴ PL = 14 cm
Again, PR = 24 20. GIVEN: a circle with centre o to which XY and
XY' are tangents
y + z = 24
TP – ∠AOB = 90°
∴ x = 30 – (y + z)
CONST.: join OY, OY' and OC
= 30 – 24
PROOF: In ∆OYA and ∆OCA
=6
OY = OC [radii]
∴ QM = 6 cm
OA=OA [common]
19. Given: a circle with centre o to which XY and AY = AC [tangents]
XY' are tangents.
⇒ By SSS
TP – ∠AOB = 90°
∆OYA ≈ ∆OCA
Const: Join OY, OY' and OC
⇒ ∠OY'A = ∠OCA [CPCT]---------------(1)
Proof: In ∆OYA and ∆OCA
|| ly ∆OY'B ≈ ∆OCB
OY = OC [radii]
⇒ ∠Y'BO = ∠CBO [CPCT]-----------------(2)
OA=OA [common]
∠YAB + ∠Y'BA = 180°[co-interior angles]
AY = AC [tangents]
2∠OAB + 2∠OBA=180°-------[from (1) and
⇒ By SSS (2)]

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
177
 2(∠OAB + ∠OBA)=180° Since, the perpendicular from the centre of a
circle to a chord bisects the chord.
∠OAB + ∠OBA=90°---------------------(3)
Therefore,
In ∆AOB
PL = LQ = 4 cm
∠OAB + ∠OBA + ∠AOB = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle] ∴ PQ = 2 PL = 2 × 4 = 8 cm

90° + ∠AOB = 180° Hence, the required length = 8 cm.

∠AOB = 180° – 90° 22. P A Q

∠AOB = 90°
∴ Hence Proved
O
21.

O
5c
m R B S
3cm
Let AB be the diameter of a circle, with centre
P L Q O. The tangents PQ and RS are drawn at point
A and B, respectively.
Let O be the common centre of the two
concentric circle. We know that a tangent at any point of a circle
is perpendicular to the radius through the
Let PQ be a chord of the larger circle which
point of contact.
touches the smaller circle at L.
Join OL and OP. ∴ OA ⊥ PQ and OB ⊥ RS
Since, the tangent at any point of a circle is ⇒ ∠OBR = 90°
perpendicular to the radius through the point
jof contact. ∠OBS = 90°
Therefore, ∠OAP = 90°
∠OLP = 90° ∠OAQ = 90°
Now, We can observe the following:
In ∆OLP, we have ∠OBR = ∠OAQ and ∠OBS = ∠OAP
OP2 = OL2 + PL2 Also, these are the pair of alternate interior
angles.
[Using Pythagoras theorem]
Since alternate angles are equal, the lines PQ
⇒ (5)2 = (3)2 + PL2 and RS are parallel to each other.
⇒ 25 = 9 + PL2 Hence, proved.
⇒ PL = 16
2

Section D
⇒ PL = 4 cm
23. Clearly ∠OPT = 90°

178 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Applying Pythagoras in ∆OTP, we have 25.
⇒ OT2 = OP2 + PT2 O
⇒ 132 = 52 + PT2
C
⇒ PT2 = 169 – 25 = 144 l
A B
⇒ PT = 12 cm Given: A circlr C (0, r) and a tangent l at point
A.
Since, lengths of tangents drawn from a point to a circle
are equal. Therefore, To prove: OA ⊥ l
AP = AE = x(say) Construction: Take a point B, other than A. On
the tangent l. Join OB. Suppose OB meets the
⇒ AT = PT – AP = (12 – x) cm
circle in C.
Since AB is the tangent to the circle E. Therefore, OE ⊥
Proof: We know that, among all line segment
AB.
joining the point O to a point on l, the
⇒ ∠OEA = 90° perpendicular is shortest to l.

⇒ ∠AET = 90° OA = OC (Radius of the same circle)

⇒ AT2 = AE2 + ET2 [ Now, OB = OC + BC

[Applying Pythagoras Theorem in ∆AET] ∴ OB > OC

⇒ (12 – x)2 = x2 + (13 – 5)2 ⇒ OB > OA

⇒ 144 – 24x + x2 = x2 + 64 ⇒ OA > OB

⇒ 24x = 80 B is an arbitrary point on the tangent l. Thus,

OA is shorter than any other line segment
10
⇒x= cm joining O to any point on l.
3
10 Here, OA ⊥ l
Similarly, BE =cm
3
10 10 20 26. We know that ∠ADO = 90° (Since O'D is
∴ AB = AE + BE = + cm = cm perpendicular to AC)
3 3 3
∠ACO = 90° (OC (radius) perpendicular to
24. (i) PA . PB = (PN – AN) (PN + BN)
AC (tangent))
= (PN – AN) (PN + AN) (As AN = BN)
In triangles ADO' and ACO,
= PN2 – AN2
∠ADO = ∠ACO (each 90°)
(ii) PN – AN = (OP – ON ) – AN
2 2 2 2 2
∠DAO = ∠CAO (common)
(As ON ⊥ PN)
by AA criterion, triangles ADO' and ACO are
= OP2 – (ON2 + AN2)
similar to each other.
= OP2 – OA2 (As ON ⊥ AN) AO' DO'
=
= OP2 – OT2 (As OA = OT) AO CO
(corresponding sides of similar triangles)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
179
 AO = AO' + O'X + OX external point to a circle are equal in length]
= 3AO' (since AO' = O'X = OX because radii ∴∠PRQ = ∠PQR [Angles opposite to equal
of the two circles are equal) sides are equal in a ∆]
AO' AO' 1 In ∆PQR
= =
AO 3AO 3
DO' AO' 1 ∠RQP + ∠QRP + ∠RPQ = 180°
= = [Angle sum property of a ∆]
CO AO 3
DO' 1 2∠RQP + 30° = 180°
=
CO 3
2∠RQP = 150°
27. A
∠RQP = 75°

N So ∠RQP = ∠QRP = 75°

O P
∠RQP = ∠RSQ = 75°
[By Alternate Segment Theorem]
B
OA = 10 cm Given, RS || PQ
ON ⊥ AB ∴∠RQP = ∠SRQ = 75° [Alternate angles]
16 ∠RSQ = ∠SRQ = 75°
AN = NB = = 8 cm
2
Pythagoras Theorem ∴ QRS is also an isosceles triangle.
[Since sides opposite to equal angles of a
In ∆ONA, triangle are equal.]
ON2 + NA2 = OA2 ∠RSQ + ∠SRQ + ∠RQS = 180°
ON2 = OA2 – NA2 [Angle sum property of a triangle]
ON2 = 102 – 82 75° + 75° + ∠RQS = 180°
ON2 = 36 cm 150° + ∠RQS = 180°
ON = 6 cm ∴∠RQS = 30°
AN 8 4
tan∠AON = = = 29. Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral such that ∠D =
ON 6 3
90°.
∆OAP
PA BC = 38 cm, CD = 25 cm and BP = 27 cm
tan∠AON =
OA BP = BQ = 27 cm
4 PA
= [Tangents from an external point]
3 10
40
⇒ PA = cm BC = 38
3
⇒ BQ + QC = 38
28. Given ∠RPQ = 30° and PR and PQ are
tangents drawn from P to the same circle. ⇒ 27 + QC = 38
Hence PR = PQ [Since tangents drawn from an ⇒ QC = 38 – 27

180 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ QC = 11 cm OQ² = 169 – 144
∴QC = 11 cm = CR = 25
[Tangents from an external point] ∴ OQ = 5 cm
CD = 25 cm So, radius of circle = 5 cm
CR + RD = 25
2.
⇒ 11 + RD = 25 P
m
24 c
⇒ RD = 25 – 11 Q
25 cm O
⇒ RD = 14cm
Also,
As we know that tangent to a circle is
RD = DS = 14cm perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.
∴OR and OS are radii of the circle.
∴ OP ⊥ PQ
From tangents R and S, ∠ORD = ∠OSD = 90°
i.e. ∠OPQ = 90°
Now, ORDS is a square.
In ∆OPQ,
∴OR = DS = 14 cm
OQ² = OP² + PQ²
Thus, radius , r = 14 cm
25² = OP² + 24²
WORKSHEET 2 625 = OP² + 576
OP² = 625 – 576
Section A
= 49
1.
Q
m ∴ OP = 7 cm
12 c
P O 3. A
13 cm
m
10 c
As we know that tangent to a circle is Q 60°
perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.
B
∴ OQ ⊥ PQ
PB = PB
∴ ∠OQP = 90°
= 10 cm
So, In ∆OQP,
(Length of tangents drawn from an external
OP² = OQ² + PQ²
point to a circle are equal.)
13² = OQ² + 12²
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA
169 = OQ² + 144
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
181
 In ∆PBA, In ∆POA and ∆POB,
∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180° PA = PB
(Angle sum property) (Length of tangents drawn from an external
point to a circle are equal.)
60° + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
OP = PO (Common)
∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180° – 60°
OA = OB (Radii of same circle)
= 120°
∴ ∆POA ≅ ∆POB
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 60°
(SSS congruence creteria)
So, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠P = 60°
∴ ∠APO = ∠BPO (CPCT)
⇒ ∆APB is equilateral
1
⇒ AB = AP = 10 cm = ∠APB
2
(Sides of equilateral triangle are equal.) 1
= (80°)
2
4. P = 40°
5 cm Also, OA ⊥ AP
Q
13 cm O i.e. ∠OAP = °90
(As tangent is perpendicular to radius
As we know that tangent to a circle is through point of contact.)
perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact. In ∆OAP,

∴ OP ⊥ PQ ∠OAP + ∠APO + ∠AOP = 180°

i.e. ∠OPQ = 90° (Angle sum property)

So, In ∆OPQ, ∴ 90° + 40° + ∠AOP = 180°

OQ² = OP² + PQ² ⇒ 130° + ∠AOP = 180°

13² = 5² + PQ² ⇒ ∠AOP = 180° – 130° = 50°

169 = 25 + PQ² 6.
C A
∴ PQ² = 169 – 25
P Q
= 144
D B
⇒ PQ = 12 cm
5. PA = PB
A
(Tangents from external point P)
80° O
P ⇒ PC + CA = 10
⇒ PC + CQ = 10
B
182 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 [ CA = CQ (Tangents from external point 2rθ
C)] ⇒ =5
360
⇒ PC + 2 = 10 θ 5
⇒ = ②
360 2r
⇒ PC = 8 cm
From ①, ②
7. θ 20 5
= 2 =
360 r 2r
h ⇒ 40r = 5r²
r
⇒ 5r (r – 8) =0
⇒ r =8
So, radius of circle = 8 cm
Radius of inner circle =r
Area of inner circle = πr² 9. A circle can have infinitely many tangents

Radius of outer circle =r+h 10. Remark: If AB and CD are two common
tangents to the two circles of unequal radii
Area of outer circle = π (r + h)²
then they will always intersect each other.
So, area of circular path
Given: Two circles with centre's O1 and O2.
= area of outer circle AB and CD are common tangents to the
circles which intersect in P.
– area of inner circle
To prove: AB = CD
= π (r + h)² – πr²
Proof:
= π (r² + h² +2rh – r²)
AP = PC ...(i) ( Length of tangents drawn from
= π (h² + 2rh) an external point to the circle
= πh (h + 2r) are equal)

= πh (2r + h) PB = PD ...(ii)( Length of tangents drawn from

an external point to the circle
θ are equal)
8. Area of sector = πr²
360
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
θ
∴ 20π = πr² AP + PB = PC + PD
360
θ ⇒ AB = CD
⇒ 20 = πr²
360
θ 20 Section B
⇒ = ①
360 r2 1 1
11. ∠ABQ = ∠AOQ = (58°) = 29°
Also, arc length = 5π 2 2
( Angle subtended by an arc at the centre
θ is double the angle subtended by it on the
⇒ 2πr = 5π remaining part of the circle.)
360

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
183
 12. 13. A
P

P 50° O
O R
B
Q
Join OP and OQ ⇒ PA = PB

PR and RQ are tangents to circle at points P (Length of tangents drawn from an external
and Q respectively. point to a circle are equal.)

⇒ OP ⊥ PR and OQ ⊥ QR ⇒ ∠PAB = ∠PBA (i)

(As tangent is perpendicular to radius through (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
point of contact.) In ∆APB,
In ∆OPR and ∆OQR ∠P + ∠PAB + ∠PBA = 180°
OP = OQ (Angle sum property)
(Radii of same circle) 50° + ∠PAB + ∠PAB = 180° (From (i))
OR = OR (Common) 2 ∠PAB = 130°
∠OPR = ∠OQR = 90° (Proved above) ∴ ∠PAB = ∠PBA = 65°
∴ ∆OPR ≅ ∆OQR OA ⊥ AP
(RHS congruence criteria) (As tangent is perpendicular to radius
1 through point of contact.)
⇒ ∠ORP = ∠ORQ = ∠PRQ
2
1 ⇒ ∠OAP = 90°
= (120°)
2 ⇒ ∠OAB + ∠PAB = 90°
= 60°
⇒ ∠OAB + 65° = 90°
In ∆PRO,
⇒ ∠OAB = 90° – 65°
PR
cos 60° = = 25°
OR
1 PR
=
2 OR 14. P
A
1
⇒ PR = OR (i)
2 R X
In ∆QRO
1 B
RQ = OR (ii) Q
2
On adding (i) and (ii), we get As we know that lengths of tangents drawn
from an exterior point to a circle are equal.
1 1
PR + RQ = OR + OR ∴ XP = XQ, AP = AR and BQ = BR
2 2
= RO ⇒ XP + AP = XB + BQ
184 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ XP + AR = XB + BR 9 = 3x

15. As we know that lengths of tangents draw ∴ =3

from an exterior point to a circle are equal.
So, AB = x + 6 = 3 + 6 = 9 cm
CE = CD = 9 cm
AC = x + 9 = 3 + 9 = 12 cm
BF = BD = 6 cm
AE = AF = x cm 16. T

Also, OE ⊥ AC, OD ⊥ BC and OF ⊥ AB

R O 70° P
(As tangent is perpendicular to radius
through point of contact.)
Q
1
Area of ∆BOC = × BC × OD As we know that tangent is perpendicular
2 to the radius through the point of contact.
1
= × (9 + 6) × 3 ∴ OT ⊥ PT and OQ ⊥ PQ
2
1 i.e. ∠OTP = ∠OQP = 90°
= × 15 × 3
2
45 In quadrilateral TOQP
= cm²
2 ∠TOQ + ∠OQP + ∠QPT + ∠PTO =
1 360°
Area of ∆AOC = × AC × OE
2
(Angle sum property of quadrilateral.)
1
= × (9 + x) × 3
2 ⇒ ∠TOQ + 90° + 70° + 90° = 360°
3
= (9 + x) cm² ⇒ ∠TOQ + 250° = 360°
2
1 ⇒ ∠TOQ = 360° – 250°
Area of ∆AOB = × AB × OF
2 = 110°
1
= × (x + 6) × 3 1
2 ∠TRQ = ∠TOQ
2
3
= (x + 6) cm² (Angle subtended an arc at the centre is
2
double the angle subtended by it on the
Area of ∆ABC = area of ∆BOC remaining part of the circle.)
1
+ area of ∆AOC = (110)
2
+ area of ∆AOB = 55°

45 1 3
54 = + (9 + x) × (x + 6) 17.
2 2 2 P
45 27 18 3 3
54 = + + + x+ x
2 2 2 2 2 O T
54 = 45 + 3x
Q
ADDITIONAL TM

PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
185
 Join OT Also, DE and BE are tangents to the circle
with centre O²
OP ⊥ PT
∴ BE = DE (ii)
(As tangent is perpendicular to the radius
through point of contact) ( Lengths of tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal.)
i.e. ∠OPT = 90°
On adding (i) and (ii), we get
In ∠OPT,
AE + BE = CE + DE
OT² = OP² + PT²
∴ AB = CD
= 5² + 8²
= 25 + 64 20. A

= 89
∴ OT = 89 cm F E

18. T
10 cm B D C
P
26 cm O
AF = AE (i)

OT ⊥ PT i.e. ∠OTP = 90° (Lenghts of tangents drawn from an

exterior point to a circle are equal.)
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
point of contact.) ALso, AB = AC (ii)
(Given)
In ∆OTP,
On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
OP² = OT² + PT²
AB – AF = AC – AE
(By Pythagoras theorem)
BF = CE (iii)
26² = OT² + 10²
But BF = BD and CE = CD
676 = OT² + 100
(Lengths of tangents drawn from an
OT² = 576 exterior point to a circle are equal.)
OT = 24 cm ∴ BD = CD
∴ Radius of the circle = 24 cm
Section C
19. AE and CE are tangents to the circle with
21. B
center O,
∴ AE = CE (i)
A O
( Lengths of tangents drawn from an
exterior point to a circle are equal.) C

186 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 AB and AC are tangents to a circle. 1
∴ AQ = (Perimeter of ∆ABC)
2
OB ⊥ AB and OC ⊥ AC
(Tangent is perpendicular to the radius 23. Consider ∆OAP and ∆OBP,
through the point of contact.)
AP = BP
i.e. ∠OBA = ∠OCA = 90° (i)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior
In quadrilateral ABOC, point to a circle are equal.)

∠A + ∠B + ∠O+ ∠C = 360° OP = OP (Common)

(Angle sum property of quadrilateral) AO = BO (Radii of same circle)

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + ∠B + ∠C = 360° ∴ ∆OAP ≅ ∆OBP (SSS congruence creteria)

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + 90° + 90° = 360° ⇒ ∠APO ∠BPO (CPCT)

From (i) Now, Consider ∆ACP and ∆BCP,

⇒ ∠A + ∠O + 180 = 360° AP = BP

⇒ ∠A + ∠O = 360° – 180° PC = CP (Common)

= 180° ∠APC = ∠BPC (Proved above)

∴ ∆APC ≅ ∆BCP (SSS congruence creteria)
22. BP and BQ are tangents to the circle
⇒ AC = BC and ∠ACP = ∠BCP = 90°
∴ BP = BQ (i) (CPCT)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior So, OP is the perpendicular bisector of AB
point to a circle are equal.)
Also, CP = CR (ii) 24. E S D
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior T R
point to a circle are equal.)
Consider F C
O
Perimeter of ∆ABC = AB + BC + AC U Q
= AB + (BP + CP) + AC A P B
= AB + (BQ + CR) + AC As we know that lengths of tangents drawn
from an external point to a circle are equal
From (i) and (ii),
∴ AP = AU
= AQ + AR
BP = BQ
= AQ + AQ
CQ = CR
= 2AQ
DS = DR
AQ = AR as lengths of tangents drawn from
an exterior point to a circle are equal. ES = ET

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
187
 FU = FT ⇒ ∠APO ≅ ∠BPO (CPCT)
Consider ⇒ OP is the bisector of ∠APB
AB + CD + EF ∴ O lies on the bisector of the angle
between l and m.
= (AP + BP) + (CR + DR) + (ET + TF)
= (AU + BQ) + (CQ + DS) + (ES + UF) 27.
= (BQ + QC) + (DS + ES) + (AU +FU) O
= BC + DE + AF
A B
C
25. PR and CR are tangents to circle with centre We know that the radius and tangent are
A perpendicular at their point of contact.
∴ PR = CR (i) ∴ ∠OCA = ∠OCB = 90°
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior
point to a circle are equal.) Now, In ∆OCA and ∆OCB

QR and CR are tangent to circle with center ∠OCA = ∠OCB = 90°

B
OA = OB (Radii of the larger circle)
∴ QR = CR (ii)
(Lenghts of tangents drawn from an exterior OC = OC (Common)
point to a circle are equal.)
By RHS congruency
From (i) and (ii), we get
∆OCA ≅ ∆OCB
PR = QR
∴ CA = CB
∴ RC bisects PQ
26. l 28. A
m
B

O1 O F
P
A D

In ∆OPA and ∆OBP,

B E C
OA = OB (Radii of circle)
In ∆ABC, right angles at B
PA = PB
AC² = AB² + BC²
(Lengths of tangents from an external point
= 24² + 10²
to a circle are equal.)
= 576 + 100
OP = PO (Common)
= 676
∴ ∆AOP ≅ ∆OBP (SSS congruence criteria)

188 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ∴ AC = 26 cm i.e. ∠OAP = 90°
1 (Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
Area of ∆ABC = × BC × AB
2 point of contact.)
1
= × 10 × 24 In ∆OAP,
2
= 120 cm² OA r
sin θ = =
OP 2r
Also, OF ⊥ AC, OE ⊥ BC and OD ⊥ AB 1
=
( Tangent is perpendicular to the radius 2
through point of contact.) (OP = Diameter = 2r)
1 ∴ θ = 30°
Area of ∆BOC = × BC × OE
2
⇒ ∠OPA = 30°
1
= × 10 × r
2 Similarly, ∠OPB = 30°
= 5r ∴ ∠APB = 30° + 30°
1 = 60°
a rea of ∆AOC = × 26 × r
2
Also, AP = BP
= 13r
(Lengths of tangent drawn from an external
1 point to a circle are equal.)
area of ∆AOB = × AB × OD
2
So, In ∆APB,
1
= × 24 × r
2 ∠PAB = ∠PBA (i)
= 12r (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
Area of ∆ABC = area of ∆BOC In ∆APB,
+ area of ∆AOC ⇒ ∠PAB + ∠PBA + ∠APB = 180°
+ area of ∆AOB (Angle sum property)
∴ 120 = 5r + 13r + 12 r ⇒ ∠PAB + ∠PAB + 60° = 180°
120 = 30r ⇒ 2 ∠PAB = 180° – 60°
4 =r = 120°
120°
⇒ ∠PAB =
2
29. A
= 60°
r
O θ P So, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠APB= 60°
Q
B ⇒ ∆APB is equilateral.

AP is tangent to the circle 30. As we know that lengths of tangents drawn

∴ OA ⊥ AP from an external point to a circle are equal,

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
189
 ∴ PD = PF, RF = RE, QD = QE ⇒ 2r y + y z + = x z
Consider 2ry
⇒ Z = (i)
x–y
Perimeter of ∆PQR Now, In ∆MKB and ∆MPO,
= PQ +QR + PR ∠M = ∠M (Common)
= (PD + DQ) + (QE + ER) + (PF + FR) ∠MKB = ∠MPO = 90°
= (PD + PF) + (RF + RE) + (QD + QE) ∴ ∆MKB and ∆MPO, (AA similarity creteria.)
= (PF +PF) + (RE + RE) + (QD + QD) MK BK MB
⇒ = =
MP OA MO
= 2 PF + 2 RE + 2 QD
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
= 2 (PF + ER + QD) proportional.)
BK BM
Section D ⇒ =
PO OM
H y z
31. ⇒ =
P r r+z
K
r
r r ⇒ yr + yz = rz
A O B M
ry
⇒ z = (ii)
r–y
PM is to circle From (i) and (ii), we get
∴ ∠MPO = 90° 2ry ry
z = =
x–y r–y
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
point of contact) 2ry ry
⇒ =
x–y r–y
Let AH = x, BK = y, BM = z 2y y
⇒ =
Let r be the radius of circle x–y r–y
2 1
In ∆MKB and ∆MHA ⇒ =
x–y r–y
∠M = ∠M (Common) ⇒ 2r – 2y = x+y
∠MKB = ∠MHA = 90° ⇒ x+y = 2r
∴ ∆MKB ≅ ∆MHA ⇒ AH + BK = AB ( AB = 2r)
(AA similarity creteria.)
MK KB MB 32. Consider ∆OEA and ∆OEP
⇒ = = =
MH HA MA OA = OP (Radii of same circle)
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are
propertional) OE = OE (Common)
BK MB AE = PE (OE bisects AP)
⇒ =
AH MA
x z ∴ ∆OEA ≅ ∆OEP
⇒ =
y 2r + z (SSS congruence creteria)
190 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ ∠OEA = ∠OEP (CPCT) 34.
∴ ∠OEA = ∆OEP = 90° (i) Q
P
(∠OEA and ∠OEP are linear pair) O
Also, AB ⊥ BC as BC is a tangent to the circle R
(Tangent is perpendiculer to the radius OQ : PQ = 3 : 4
through the point of contact.)
Let OQ = 3k, PQ = 4k
⇒ ∠ABC = 90° (ii)
PQ is tangent to the circle
Now, In ∆AEO and ∆ABC
∴ OQ ⊥ PQ
∠EAO = ∠BAC (Common)
i.e. ∠OQP = 90°
∠AEO = ∠ABC
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
= 90° (From (i) and (ii) ) point of contact.)
⇒ ∆AEO ~ ∆ABC In ∆OQP,
(By SS Similarity creteria) OP² = OQ² + PQ²
(Pythagoras theorem)
33. Given: d1, d2 (d2 > d1) be the diameters of
two concentric circles and C be the length = (3k)² + (4k)²
of a chord of a circle which is tangent to
the circle. = 9k² + 16k²

To prove: d2 = d12 + c2 = 25k²

Now, ∴ OP = 5k
d2 d1 Also, Perimeter of ∆POQ = 60 cm
OQ = , OR = and PQ = c
2 2 ⇒ PO + OQ + PQ = 60
Since PQ istangent to the circle therefore
OR is perpendicular to PQ ⇒ 5k + 3k + 4k = 60

cPQ ⇒ 12k = 60
⇒ QR = =
2 2 60
⇒ k =
Using pythagorus theorm in triangle OQR 12
=5
OQ2 = OR2 + QR2
2 2 2 So, PQ = 4k = 4 × 5 = 20 cm
d2 d1 c
⇒ + = QR = 20 Q = 2 (3k) = 6k
2 2 2
1 1 = 6 × 5= 30 cm
⇒ (d2)2 = (d1)2 + (c)2
4 4
OP = 5k = 5 × 5 = 25 cm
⇒ d22 = d12 + c2
Hence Proved.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
191
 35. ⇒ BD² = 105

A ⇒ BD = 105 cm
O ⇒ DE = 105 cm
( BD = DE)
B D E
In ∆AED, ∠AED = 90°
BE is tangent to circle ∴ AD² = AE² + DE²
∴ OD ⊥ BE = (16)² + ( 105 )²
i.e. ∠ODB = 90° = 256 + 105
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through = 361
point of contact)
∴ AD = 19 cm
⇒ BD = DE
(As perpendicular from centre to the chord 36. BD is tangent to the circle
bisects the chord)
∴ OC ⊥ BD
⇒ D is a midpoint of BE
i.e. ∠OCD = 90°
Also, O being the centre is a midpoint of AB
(Tangent is perpendicular to radius through
So, By midpoint theorem, point of contact.)
1
OD || AE and OD = AE ⇒ ∠OCA + ∠ACD = 90° (i)
2
∴ AE = 20 D Now, OA = OC
= 2 (8) (Being radii of same circle.)
= 16 cm ∴ In ∆AOC,
In ∆ODB, ∠ODB = 90° ∠OCA = ∠OAC
∴ OB² = OD² + BD² (Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.)
(By Pythagoras theorem) ⇒ ∠OCA = ∠BAC (ii)
⇒ 13² = 8² + BD² From (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ 169 = 64 + BD² ∠BAC + ∠ACD = 90°
⇒ BD² = 169 – 64

192 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

11 Constructions
For 5 : 7
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Given, ∠BAX ∠90°
1.
∴ A5M || BA12
O 5 cm
A ∴ Total equal arc lengths are (5 + 7) = 12
4 cm Option (d)
M
∴ ∆OMA ∠M = 90° 4.
P
By Pythagoras Theorem,
O l1
60°
OM = OA – AM
2 2 2
A l2
=5 –4
2 2 Q

∴ OM2 = 9 = 32 Given, ∠PAQ = 60°

∴ OM = r = 3 cm Where AP and AQ are two tangents of the

circle with centre O.
Option (c)
∴ ∠POQ = 360° – (90° + 90° + 60°)
2.
= 360° – (240°)
O
l ∠POQ = 120°
A
Option (d)
M
B A
5. C
Line AB is a tangent of circle with centre O.
∴ OM ⊥ AR P Q
∴ ∠OMA = 90°
D
Option (c) B
Given, PB = 12 cm, CQ = 3 cm
3. A M B
PA and PB are two tangents of the circle with
centre O and CD is a third tangent.
A5
We know that the two tangents draw to a
circle from an external point are equal.
∴ PA = PB = 12 cm
A12
X
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
193
 Same, CQ = CA = 3 cm (iii) Along AX, mark point A1, A2, A3..., A7. Such
that AA1 = A1A2...= A6A7.
∴ P – C – A,
(iv) Join A7B.
∴ PA = PC + CA
(v) Through A3 draw a line A3C || A7B
∴ 12 = PC + 3 intersecting AB at C.
∴ 12 – 3 = PC = 9 cm Thus, points C so obtained is the required
Option (a) point which divides internally in the ratio 3:4.

3. A
WORKSHEET 1
A1
Section A
1.
T
cm 60°
10 6 cm C
B
O B1 C1
A 26 cm
B2
B3
B4
Since the tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius B5
B6
through the point of contact.
∴ ∠OTA = 90° B7 X

In right ∆OTA, we have Given, BC = 6 cm, AB = 5 cm, ∠ABC = 60° and

OA2 = OT2 + AT2 5
of the corresponding sides of the triangle
7
⇒ OT2 = 676 – 100 ABC.
⇒ 576 Steps of construction:
⇒ (24)2 (i) BC = 6 cm is drawn
⇒ OT = 24 (ii) At point B, AB = 5 cm is draw angle
∠ABC = 60° with BC.
Hence the radius of the circle is 24 cm.
(iii) AC is joined to form ∆ABC.
2. A C B
(iv) A ray BX is drawn making an acute angle
A1 with BC opposite to vertex A.
A2
A3 (v) 7 Points B1, B2, B3 ...,B7 at equal distance
A4
A5 are marked on BX.
A6
A7 (vi) B5 joined with C1 to form B5C1.
X (vii) C1A1 is draw parallel to CA.
(i) Draw AB = 6 cm.
Thus A1BC1 is the required triangle.
(ii) Draw a ray AX making an acute ∠BAX.

194 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
4. Given that Thus, ∆ABC is the required triangle, each of
whose sides is two third of the corresponding
Construct triangle of given data, BC = 6 cm, sides of ∆ABC.
∠B = 50° and ∠C = 60° and then a triangle
similar to it whose sides are (2/3)rd of the 5.
corresponding sides of ∆ABC.
T
We follow the following steps to construct the
given A
P O
Q
A1

60° T1
50° C
B
C1
B1 (i) Take a point O in the plane of the paper
and draw a circle of radius 3 cm.
B2
B3 (ii) Mark a point P at a distance of 5.5 cm
X
from the centre O and join OP.
Steps of construction (iii) Draw the right bisector of OP,
(i) First of all we draw a line segment BC = intersection OP at Q.
60°. (iv) Taking Q as centre and OQ = PQ as
(ii) With B as centre draw an angle ∠B = radius, draw a circle to intersect the
50°. given circle at T and T1.

(iii) With C as centre draw an angle ∠C = (v) Join PT and PT1 to get the required
60° which intersecting the line drawn in tangents.
step ii at A.
6. Q
(iv) Join AB and AC to obtain ∆ABC.
(v) Below BC, makes an acute angle ∠CBX P 60° 120° O
= 60°.
(vi) Along BX, mark off three points B1, B2 R
and B3 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3. Given angle between tangents is 60°
(vii) Join B3C. i.e. ∠QPR = 60°
(viii) Since we have to construct a triangle Since Angle at centre is double the angle
each of whose sides is two-third of the between tangents
corresponding sides of ∆ABC.
∴ ∠QPR = 2 × 60° = 120°
So, we take two parts out of three equal parts
on BX from point B2 draw B2C || B3C and So, we need to draw ∠QPR = 120°
meeting BC at C.
∴ We draw a radius, then second radius at
(ix) From C draw C A || AC and meeting
1 1 1
120° from first.
AB at A1.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
195
 Section B (iii) Join BA and CA.
7. (iv) Now from B make an circle (∠60°) angle.
(v) Extend that line.
Q (vi) Cut 4 arcs.
(vii) From B3 make a parallel line to CB4.
M
P O
(viii) Do same formation inside the triangle.

R (ix) Your triangle is ready.

A
A1

B L B1 C
Steps of construction
(i) Draw a concentric circle two with circles
radii are 3 cm and 5 cm. B1

(ii) Let P is a point on the circumference B2

of center circle. Joined O to P, then OP
formed. B3
(iii) Perpendicular bisector of OP. M is a mid
B4
point of the OP.
9. C
(iv) Draw a circle M is a centre and OM
radius. This circle is intersect with three
circles in Q and P points. C1
(v) Joined P to Q and P to R.
B1
Thus, PQ and PR are required two tangents. A B
A1 7 cm
OQ = 3 cm and OP = 5 cm, A2
A3 A
4
In ∆OPQ, X
A9
PQ2 = OP2 – OQ2
Steps of construction
= (5)2 – (3)2
(i) AB = 7 cm drawn
= 25 – 9
(ii) With A is centre and radius = 5 cm on
PQ2 = 16 – 4
arc is drawn and same with B is centre
∴ PQ = 4 ...(i) and radius = 6 cm, on arc is drawn.
(iii) Both an arc.
8. (i) Make an line BC 5.5 cm
(iv) Join AC and BC to form ∆ABC.
(ii) Take its bisector and now cut it 3 cm.

196 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (v) Ray AX is drawn making an acute angle (ii) With A as centre and 3 cm as radius,
with AB below it. draw a circle.
(vi) 9 equal points is marked on AX as A1, A2, (iii) Similarly, with B as centre and 2 cm as
... A9. radius, draw a circle.
(vii) A9B is joined. A4B1 is drawn parallel to (iv) Now, draw the perpendicular bisector of
A9B and B1C1 is drawn parallel to BC, AB and mark the point of intersection O.
∆AB1C1 is the required triangle.
(v) With O as centre and OA as radius,
10. draw a circle. Mark the 2 points where
A the circles with centre O and A meet as
A1 Q and R. Similarly, mark the points where
the circles with centres O and B meet as
S and T respectively.
(vi) Join BR and BQ as well as AS and AT.
B C1 C Now, BR, BQ, AS and AT are the required
B1 tangents.
B2
B3 Q
B4
S
Y
Steps of construction A B
O
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm
T
(ii) Draw line segment BX making an angle R
of 90° at the point B of BC.
(iii) From B mark an arc on BX at a distance 12.
of 6 cm. Let it is A. A E

(iv) Join A to C. D
6 cm

F
(v) Making an acute angle draw a line
segment BY from B.
O
B C
(vi) Mark B1, B2, B3, B4on BX such that BB1 = 8 cm
B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
(vii) Join B4 to C.
(viii) Draw a line segment B3C1 || to B4C to Steps of construction
meet BC at C1.
(i) Construct the triangle as per given
(ix) Draw line segment CA1 || to CA to meet measurements.
AB at A1.
(ii) Take any arbitrary radius and draw
A1BC1 is the required triangle. two arcs of circle from point B on AC
intersecting AC at X and Y.
11. Steps of construction
(iii) Taking X and Y as centre, draw two arcs
(i) Take AB = 7 cm of circles to intersect each other at point

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
197
 E. Join B and E. BE is the perpendicular (v) Join OP.
from B on AC.
PA and PB are the required tangents, which
(iv) DBDC is a right angled. Hence, BC the make an angle of 45° with OP.
hypotenuse will form the diameter of
the circle passing through the vertices of 2. D
∆BDC. T
(v) BC = 8 cm, OC = 4 cm, draw a circle of
radius equal 4 cm, passing through B, D C A B
P
and C.
(vi) Join O and A. Obtain the mid-point P of T1
segment OA by drawing perpendicular Steps of construction
bisector to OA.
(i) Draw a circle of radius 4 cm.
(vii) Draw a circle with centre P and radius
AP. (ii) Take a point P outside the circle and
draw a secant PAB, intersecting the circle
(viii) Let B and F be the points of intersection at A and B.
of these two circles. Hence, AB and AF
are the required tangents. (iii) Produce AP to C such that AP = CP.
(iv) Draw a semi-circle with CB as diameter.
WORKSHEET 2
(v) Draw PD and CB intersecting the semi-
circle at D.
Section A
1. (vi) With P as centre and PD as radius draw
B P arcs to intersect the given circle at T and
T1.
(vii) Join PT and PT1. Then PT and PT1 are the
90° required tangents.
O A

3.

Steps of construction
(i) Draw a circle of any convenient radius
with O as centre.
P O
M
(ii) Take a point A on the circumference
of the circle and join OA. Draw a
perpendicular to OA at point A.
(iii) Draw a radius OB, making an angle of
90° with OA.
Consider the attached construction diagram
(iv) Draw a perpendicular to OB at point B.
Let both the perpendicular intersect at (i) Draw a concentric circles of radius 6 cm,
point P. 12 cm center O and P be the point on
the circle.
198 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (ii) M is the midpoint formed by the (v) Name the intersection of bisector and
perpendicular bisector of OP with O, P OP as O1.
as centers, and radius more than 6 cm
draw arc and join the intersection arc to (vi) Now, draw a circle taking O1 as centre
get perpendicular bisector cutting OP at and O1P as radius.
M. (vii) Name the intersection point of two
(iii) With M as center draw a circle that circles as R and Q.
passes through O, P. (viii) Join PR and PQ. These are the required
(iv) This circle (center M) cuts the original tangents.
circle (center O) the thick line is tangent (ix) Measure the lengths of the tangents. PR
needed. = 4.47 cm and PQ = 4.47 cm.

4. B
cm
4.5

135° P Q
O 45°

A O1
O P
(i) Draw circle of radius 4.5 cm with centre
O. R
(ii) Take any points A on the circle. Join OA.
Mark another point B on the circle such
that ∠AOB = 135°, supplementary to
the angle between the tangents. 6. A
Since the angle between the tangents to
be constructed is 45°.
4 cm
∴ ∠AOB = 180° – 45° = 135°
(iii) Construct angles of 90° at A and B extend B C
8 cm
the lines so as to intersect at point P.
(iv) Thus AP and BP are the required tangents
to the circle. Steps of construction

5. Steps of construction (i) BC = 8 cm is drawn.

(i) Taking point O as a centre draw a circle (ii) Perpendicular bisector of BC is drawn
of radius 4 cm. and it intersect BC at M.
(ii) Now taking O as centre draw a (iii) At a distance of 4 cm a point A is marked
concentric circle of radius 6 cm. on perpendicular bisector of BC.
(iii) Taking any point P on the outer circle (iv) AB and AC are joined to form ∆ABC.
join OP.
(v) Ray BX is drawn making an acute angle
(iv) Draw a perpendicular bisector of OP. with BC apposite to vertex A.
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
199
 (vi) 4 points B1, B2, B3 and B4 are marked on (v) Along BZ, mark five points Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4
BX. and Z5 such that BZ1 = Z1Z2 = Z2Z3 =
Z3Z4 = Z4Z5
(vii) B4 is joined with C to form B4C.
(vi) Join CZ5.
(viii) B4C1 is drawn parallet to B4C and C1A1 is
drawn parallel to CA. Thus A1BC1 is the (vii) From Z3, draw Z3C1 || CZ5 meeting BC at
required triangle formed. C1.
A (viii) From C1, draw A1C1 || AC meeting AB in
A1.
A1
Here, ∆A1BC1 is the required triangle whose
sides are 3 of the corresponding sides of
5
∆ABC.
B C
C1
B1 8. A1 D1
B2
A
B3 B
B4
X 60°
D C C1
7.
Y Given ABCD is a parallelogram with BD as
A X diagonal.
∠ABC = 60°
A1
∆BD1C1 has been drawn similar to ∆BDC by a
4
scale factor which is greater than 1 i.e. D1
45° 60° 3
B C lies on extended BD and C1 lies on extended
C 1
Z1 BC.
Z2
Z3 To determine - whether A1BC1D1 is a
Z4 parallelogram or not.
Z5
Solution-
Z
Steps of construction ABCD is a parallelogram i.e. AB || DC ...(i)
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm. Now ∆BDC and ∆BD1C1 are similar
(ii) At B, draw ∠XBC = 45°. (by construction)

(iii) At C, draw ∠YCB = 60°. Suppose BX ∴ ∠BDC = ∠BD1C1

and CY intersect at A.
But they are corresponding angles.
Thus, ∆ABC is the required triangle.
∴ DC || D1C1
(iv) Below BC, draw an acute angle ∠ZBC.
⇒ D1C1 || AB or A1B, since a1 lies on extended

200 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 BA ...(from (i)) 10.
C
A1D1 || BC1 ...(by construction) ...(iii)
P
So, from (ii) and (iii) 5.1 cm
A1BC1D1 is a parallelogram.
Ans-Yes. 60°
A B
4.6 cm Q
9.
X1
A X2
X3
X4
X5 X

A1 Steps of construction
(i) Draw a line segment AB of 4.6 cm.
3 cm
(ii) At B draw an angle of 60°.

C B (iii) With centre B and radius 5.1 cm, an arc

C1 4 cm
B1 which intersect line of angle at C.

B2 (iv) Joined BC.

B3 (v) At A draw and angle BAX of any measure.

B4
B5 (vi) Starting from A, cut 5 equal parts on AX.

Steps of construction (vii) Joined X5B.

(i) BC = 4 cm is drawn. (viii) Through X4, draw X4Q || X5B.

(ii) At B, a ray making an angle of 90° with (ix) Through Q, draw AP || BC.
BC is drawn.
∴ ∆PAQ ∼ ∆CAB.
(iii) With B is centre and radius equal to
4 cm, an arc is made on provision ray 11. X
intersecting it at point A.
A
(iv) AC is joined to form ABC.
(v) Ray BX is drawn making acute angle with D G
BC opposite to vertex A. 6 cm P
(vi) 5 points B1, B2, ... , B5 at equal distance are
marked on BX. B C
O 8 cm
(vii) B5C is joined and B3C1 is made parallel to
B5C.
(viii) A1C1 is joined together.
Steps of construction
Thus, A BC is the required triangle.
1 1
(i) Draw a line BC of 8 cm length.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
201
 (ii) Draw BX perpendicular to BC. 12.
A
(iii) Mark an arc at the distance of 6 cm on X1
BX. Mark it as A.
(iv) Joine A and C.Thus ∆ABC is the required
triangle. 6.2 cm
O P
(v) With B as the centre, draw an arc on AC. 3.5 cm M
(vi) Draw the bisector of this arc and join it
with B. Thus, BD is perpendicular to AC. X2

(vii) Now, draw the perpendicular bisector of

BD and CD. Take the point of intersection B
as O.
(viii) With O as the centre and OB as the Steps of construction
radius, draw a circle passing through
points B, C and D. (i) Draw the circle with centre O and radius
3.5 cm.
(ix) Join A and O and bisect it. Let P be the
mid point of AO. (ii) Joint P from centre to outside the circle.
OP = 6.2 cm.
(x) Taking P as the centre and PO as its
radius. draw a circle which will intersect (iii) Construct mid point of OP, M is the mid
the circle at point B and G. Join A and G. point of OP

Here, AB and AG are the required tangents to (iv) Draw a circle with centre M and radius
the circle from A. OM intersect the given circle at X1 and
X2.
(v) Joined PX1 and PX2.
Thus, PX1 and PX2 are required two tangents
from point P.

202 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

12 Area Related to Circles

= 38.5 cm²
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Option (a)
1. 2πr r = 37
4. Perimeter of circle = 2 (perimeter of square)
22
r (2 x – 1) = 37
7 ⇒ 2πr = 2 ( 4x )
37 x 7
r = ⇒ πr = 4x
44 - 7
= 7 cm 4x
⇒ r = π
22
∴ Area = x 7x7 πr 2
7 Ratio of areas =
x2
= 154 cm²
16x 2 1
=π x 2
Option (d) π 2
x
= 16 : π
2. h Option (c)

r Area of Section 51
5.
area of Section52
120
πr 2
360
=
Area of circular path 150
πr 2
360
= π (r + h)² – πr² = 4 :5
= π (r² + h² + 2rh) – πr² Option (d)
= π (h² + 2rh)
= π h (h + 2rh) WORKSHEET 1

Option (b) Section A

3. 2πr = 22 1. arc length = 3.5 cm
22 θ
2x x r = 22
7 2πr = 3.5
22 x 7 360
r = θπr 3.5
2 x 22 ⇒ = (i)
= 3.5 cm 360 2
θ
Area =
22
x 3.5 x 3.5 Area of sector = πr²
360
7

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
203
 3.5 6. Let r1 = 19 cm and r2 = 9 cm.
= πr r
2
Circumference of circle
3.5
= π (From (i) ) = Sum of circumferences of the two circles
2
3.5
= x5 ⇒ 2πr = 2πr1 + 2πr2
2
= 8.75 cm² ⇒ r = r1 + r2
θ = 19 + 9
2. Length of arc = 2πr
360
= 28 cm
45
= x2xπx5
360
45π 7. Let r1 = 12 cm, r2 = 5 cm
=
36 Area of circle = Sum of areas of the two cir-
5π cles
= cm
4
⇒ πr² = πr1² + πr2²
3. We know
⇒ r² = r1 + r2
given angle
Area of sector of circle = x πr² = 12² + 5²
360°
here r = 21 cm = 144 + 25
Given angle = 120° = 169
120° 22
= x x 212 r = 13 cm = 13 cm
360° 7
1 22
= x x 21 x 21 Diameter = 2r
3 7
22 x 21 x 21 = 26 cm
=
7x3 8. Circumference = 582 cm
= 22 x 21
⇒ 2πr = 582
= 462 cm² 22
⇒ 2x r = 582
7
4. Area of circle = Circumference of circle 291 x 7
⇒ r =
2 x 11
⇒ πr² = 2πr 2037
= cm²
⇒ r =2 22
∴ area of circle = πr²
5. Circumference = 2πr metres 22 2037 2037
= x x
Distance covered = 5 m 7 22 22
= 36943.95 cm²
Dis tan ce Covered
So, no. of revolutions =
Circumference
5
Section B
=
2 πr 9. Let r1 = 8 cm, r2 = 6 cm

204 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Area of circle = Sum of area of 2 circles 11. Circumference = 22
πr² = πr1² + πr2² ⇒ 2πr = 22
r² = r1² + r2² 22
⇒ 2x r = 22
7
= 8² + 6² 22 x 7
⇒ r =
= 64 + 36 2 x 22
7
= 100 =
2
∴ r = 10 cm = 3.5 cm
∴ Circumference of circle 1
area of quadrant = πr²
4
= 2πr
1 22
22 = x x 3.5 x 3.5
=2x x 10 4 7
7 = 9.625 cm²
440
= cm
7 12. Angle subtended in 60 minutes = 360o

10. Time = 10 minutes 360

∴ Angle subtended in 10 minutes = = 6o
60
= 10 x 60
θ
Area = πr²
= 600 seconds 360
60 22
Speed = 66 km/hr = x x 16 x 16
360 7
66 x 1000
11 5
= 134.095 cm²
=
3600
13.
63
55
= m/s O1
3 0
cm cm
∴ Total Distance covered = speed x time 10
55
= x 600 A B
3
= 11000 m P
Distance covered in one revolution 90
area of sector OAPB = x 22 x (10)²
360 7
= 2πr
550
22 40 88 = cm²
=2x x = m 7
7 100 35
∴ Number of revolutions 1
area of sector ∆AOB = x 10 x 10 = 50
2
11000 x 3 cm²
=
88 ∴ area of minor segment
= 4375
550
= – 50
7
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
205
 550 - 350 = 196 – 2 (77)
=
7 = 196 – 154
200
= cm² = 42 cm²
7
= 28. 6 cm²
16.
Area of major segment R
= area of circle – area of minor segment r
200
= π (10)² –
7
22 200 17.5
= x 100 – r = 8.75 cm
7 7 2
2000 200 with of path = 3.5 cm
= –
7 7
2000 ⇒ R = 8.75 + 3.5
= cm²
7 = 12.25 cm
= 285.7 cm²
area of path = π (R² – R²)
14. Area cleaned at each sweep of the blades 22
= [ (12.25)² – (8.75)² ]
θ 7
= πr²
360 22
= [ 150. 0625 – 76.5625 ]
115 22 7
= x x 2.5 x 2.5 = 231 cm²
360 7
= 6. 27 cm²
Section C
∴ Total area cleaned = 2 x 6. 27
17. Cost of fencing at the rate of ` 24 per metre
= 12. 54 cm²
= ` 5280
15. Area of each semi circle ⇒ Perimeter of circular field x 24 = 5280
2
1 22 Ê 14 ˆ 5280
= x x Á 2˜ ⇒ Perimeter of circular field =
2 7 Ë ¯ 24
1 22 = 220 m
= x x 7x7
2 7 ⇒ 2πr = 220
= 11 x 7
22
⇒ 2x x r = 220
= 77 cm² 7
220 x 7
Area of square = (14)² ⇒ r =
2 x 22
= 196 cm² = 35 m
∴ area of shaded region ∴ Area of field = πr²
= area of square – 2x area of semi circle 22
= x 35 x 35
7

206 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 3850 m² 6875
Area of semicircle = cm²
28
Cost of ploughing the field = 0.05 x 3850
Area of the shaded region = Area of semicircle
= ` 1925 – Area of right ∆ RPQ

18. Given : 6875

= – 84 cm²
28
PQ = 24 cm, PR = 7 cm
(6875 – 2532)
We know that any angle made by the diameter =
28
QR in the semicircle is 90°. 4523
Area of the shaded region =
28
∠RPQ = 90°
= 161.54 cm²
In right angled ∆RPQ
Hence, the area of the shaded region
RQ² = PQ² + PR²
= 161.54 cm²
[By pythagoras theorem]
19.
RQ² = 24² + 7²
O
RQ² = 576 + 49 B
RQ² = 625
A
RQ = 625 cm
r = 5.7 cm
RQ= 25 cm
Perimeter of sector of circle = 27.2 cm
25
radius of the circle (OQ) = cm OA + OB + length of arc AB = 27.2
2
1
Area of right ∆ RPQ = × Base × height 5.7 + 5.7 + length of AB = 27.2
2
1 length of AB = 27.2 – 5.7 – 5.7 = 15.8 cm
Area of right ∆ RPQ = × RP × PQ
2
θ
1 ⇒ 2πr = 15.8
Area of right ∆ RPQ = × 7 × 24 = 7 × 12 360
2 = 84 cm² θ 15.8
⇒ πr =
Area of right ∆ RPQ = 84 cm² 360 2
= 7.9 cm
πr2
Area of semicircle = θ
2 Area of sector OAB = πr²
25 ² 360
22 2 θ
= × = πr r
7 2 360
= 7.9 r
(22 x 25 x 25)
= = 7.9 (5.7)
(7 x 2 x 2 x 2)
625 6875 = 45.03 cm²
= 11 × = cm²
28 28

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
207
 20. 1
Area of quadrant ODC = π (14)²
4
196
O = π cm²
4
∴ Area of shaded region
B 40°
E D 441 196
A = π – π
F C 4 4
Radius of inner circle = 7 cm 245
= π
4
Radius of outer circle = 14 cm
245 22
= x
Area of shaded region = 4 7
= 192.5 cm²
Area of sector OAFC – Area of sector
OBED
40° 40° 23. Angle subtended by minute hard
= x π (14)² – x π(7)²
360° 360° in 60 minutes = 360°
1 22 1 22 360
= x x 14 x 14 – x x7x7
9 7 9 7 in 1 minutes =
6
616 154 462 = 6°
= – =
9 9 9
in 5 minutes = 5 x 6
154
= cm² = 30°
9

21. Area of shaded region = Area of square So, area swept by minutes hard
ABCD – Area of 4 quadrant – Area of circle 30
with diameter2 cm in 5 minutes = π (14)²
360
Area of square = 4 x 4 = 16 cm2 π
= x 196
12
θ
Area of sector = x π x r2 196 22
360 = x
12 7
90
Area of 4 quadrant =4x πx1x1 = 51.3 cm²
360
= 3.14 cm2 24. (i) the length of the arc

Area of circle = π x r2 = π x 1 x 1
= 3.14 cm2 O
21cm 21cm
∴ Area of shaded region = 16 – 6.28 60°
A B
= 9. 72 cm² P
θ
1 Length of arc APB = x (2πr)
22. Area of quadrant OAB = π (21)² 360
4
40° 22
441 = x2x x 21
= π cm² 360° 7
4
208 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1 22 (ii) P Q
= x2x x 21
6 7 A B
= 22 cm

(ii) area of the sector formed by the arc

D C
S R
O Area of track
21cm 21cm
60° = area of rectangle PQRS
A B
P – area of rectangle ABCD
θ
Area of sector OAPB = x πr ² + 2 [ Area of semi-circle with radius 40 cm ]
360
60 22 [ area of semicircle with radius 30 cm ]
= x x 21 x 21
360 7
= (106 x 80) – (106 x 60)
1 22
= x x 21 x 21
6 7 Èπ π ˘
+ 2 Í ( 40 )² - ( 30 )² ˙
1 Î2 2 ˚
= x 22 x 3 x 21
6 = 8480 – 6360 + π (1600 – 900)
= 231 cm² 22
= 8480 – 6360 + x 700
7
Section D = 8480 – 6360 + 2200
25. = 4320 m²
A 10 m B

26. O
60 m
90°
D C
106 m
(i) Distance around the track along its inner A B
edge = AB + CD + 2(semi-perimeter of
inner circles ends)
P
Ê 22 ˆ
= 106 + 106 + 2 Á ¥ 30 ˜ ABCD is a square
Ë 7 ¯
1320 ∴ AC and BD bisect each other and are equal
= 212 +
7 ∴ AO = ∴ OC = DO = BO
1484 +1320
= In ∆AOB,
7
2804 AB² = OA² + OB²
=
7
= 400.57 cm (56)² = OA² + OA² [∴ OA = OB ]
3136 = 20A²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
209
 1568 = OA² 28. area of square OABC = (21)²

OA = 1568 = 411 cm²

C B
= 28 2 m
So, area of sector OAPB
21 cm
22
= 90 x x (28 2 )²
360 7
1 22 A
= x x 784 x 2 O 21 cm
4 7
= 1232 m² In ∆OAB, right angled at A
Also, area of ∆OAB OB² = OA² + AB²
1 = (21)² + (21)²
= x OA x OB
2
1 = 441 + 441 = 882 cm²
= x 28 2 x 28 2
2 ∴ OB = 21 2
= 784 m²
So, area of quadrant OPBQ with OB as
So, area of shaded part radius
= 2 [ 1232 – 784 ] 90 22
= x x (21 2 )²
360 7
= 896 m² 1 22
= x x 441 x 2
Also, area of square lawn + area of flower 4 7
bets = 693 cm²
= 896 + 3136
∴ area of shaded part
= 4032 m²
= area of quadrant OPBQ
27. Area of square = 8² – area of square OABC
= 64 cm² = 693 – 441
area of 1 quadrant
= 252 cm²
1
= π (1.4)²
4 29. A B
1 22 14 14
= x x x
4 7 10 10
= 1.54 cm P Q
∴ Area of the shaded portion of the square
14 cm
= Area of square – area of circle – 3 2 cm 3
cm cm
2 (area of a quadrant) 4 cm
S R
= 64 – 55.44 – 2 (1.54)
= 8.56 – 3.08
D 14 cm C
= 5.48 cm²
210 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Area of square ABCD = (14)²
3
Area of ∆ABC = (14)²
= 196 cm² 4
area of square PQRS = 4² 3
= x 196
4
= 16 cm² = 84.87 cm²
area of 4 semi-circles with radius 2 cm So, area of shaded part
Ê 1 ˆ 22 = Area of circle + Area of triangle
=4 Á ˜ x2x2
Ë2¯ 7
– 2 Area of sector
176
= cm² = 154 + 84.87 – 2 (25.67)
7
So, area of shaded part = 154 + 84.87 – 51.34

Ê 176 ˆ = 187.53 cm²

= 196 – Á16 +
Ë 7 ˜¯
31.
176 A
= 196 – 16 –
7
176
= 180 –
7 R Q
1260 +176 o
=
7 r
1084
= B P C
7
= 154.85 cm² AP ⊥ BC, BQ ⊥ AC and CR ⊥ AB

30. Area of circle = πr² [ As tangent is perpendicular to radius

through point of contact.]
= π (7)²
3
Area of ∆ABC = (side)²
= 49π cm² 4
49 x 22 3
= cm² = (12)²
7 4
= 154 cm² = 3 (36)

Area of sector = 36 3 cm²

60 22 Also, area of ∆ABC

= x x7x7
360 7 = area of ∆AOC + area of ∆BOC
154 + area of ∆AOB
= cm²
6 1 1 1
36 3 = (12) r + (12) r (12) r
77 2 2 2
= cm²
3 36 3 = 6r + 6r + 6r
= 25.67 cm²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
211
 ⇒ 2πr = 4x
36 3
= r
18 ⇒ πr = 2x (i)
r = 2 3 cm
area of circle πr²
∴ area of circle = πr² So, =
area of square x²
2
22 Ê 2x ˆ
= (2 3 )² πÁ ˜
7 Ë π ¯
22 =
= x 12 x²
7 π 4x 2 1
= 37.71 cm² = x 2
π² x
So, area of shaded part 4
=
= area of ∆ABC π
4¥7
– area of circle = = 14 : 11
22
= 36 3 – 37.71
θ
= 62.352 – 37.71 3. Area of sector = πr²
360
= 24.642 cm² 60 22 5
= x x 10 x 10
360 7
32. Area of square OABC 6
3
= 7²
1100
= 49 cm² =
21
Area of square OAPC 8
= 52 cm²
11
90 22
= x x7 x7
360 7 4. Circumference = 100 cm
154
= cm² Let radius of circle be r cm
4
= 38.5 cm² Now, 2πr = 100
So, area of shaded region 100 50
r= =
2π π
= 49 – 38.5
Diagonal of square = Diameter of circle =
= 10.5 cm² 100
2r =
π
WORKSHEET 2
Let the side of the square = a cm
Section A Now, diagonal of square = a2 + a2 = 2 a
þ 100
1. Area of section = πr² ⇒ = 2a
360 π
100
⇒a=
2π
2. Perimeter of circle = Perimeter of square
100 2
(radius=r) (side=x) ⇒a=
2π
212 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 50 2 22
⇒a= cm =2xx 0.25
2π 7
So, number of revolutions
5. Area of circle = 220
11¥1000 ¥ 7
⇒ πr² = 220 =
2 ¥ 22 ¥ 0.25
220 = 7000
⇒ r = 2
π
⇒ Diameter = 2r 7.
A
220
=2 cm
π
R Q
A B o
r

x 0B P C

3
Area of ∆ABC = (side)²
D x C 4
3
= x 42 x 42
In ∆ABC, 4
BD² = BC² + CD² = 441 3 cm²

2 Also, AP ⊥ BC, BQ ⊥ AC and CR ⊥ AB

Ê 220 ˆ
ÁÁ 2 ˜˜ = 2x² [ As tangent is perpendicular to radius
Ë π ¯ through point of contact.]
Ê 220 ˆ
4Á ˜ = 2x² So,
Ë π ¯
880 area of ∆ABC = area of ∆BOC
x² =
π (2 )
+ area of ∆AOC
440
= + area of ∆AOB
π
So, area of square = x² 1 1 1
⇒ 441 3 = x 42 x r + x 42 x r + x
42 x r 2 2 2
440
=
π ⇒ 441 3 = 63 r cm²
440
= x7 441 3
π ⇒ r =
= 140 cm² 63
= 7 3 cm
6. r = 0.25 m
So, area of circle = πr²
Distance covered in one revolution 22
= x7 3 x7 3
= 2πr 7
= 462 cm²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
213
 8. Area of sector According to question,
90 22 1
= x x2x2 πr² – πr32 πr²
=
360 7 4
1
⇒ πr² – πr² = πr32
22 4
= cm² 3
7 ⇒ πr² = πr32
4
9. 3 2
⇒ r² = r3
4
3
⇒ r3 = r
r 2
3
= (20)
2
= 10 3

5π
Section B
arc length = 5π cm
11.
θ
2πr = 5
360
2π r r
=5 7 cm
360
rθ = 900 (i)
14 cm
Also, area of sector = 20π
θ Area of rectangle = 14 x 7
πr² = 20π
360 = 98 m²
θr²
= 20
360 Ê7ˆ
2

rθ² = 7200 (ii) Area of circle =π Á ˜

Ë2¯
From (i) and (ii), we get 22 49
= x
7 7
900 77
r² = 7200
r = m²
2
900r = 7200
So, area of remaining portion
r = 8 cm
= Area of rectangle
10. – 2 (area of circle)
Ê7ˆ
= 98 – 2 Á ˜
r3 Ë2¯
= 98 – 77
r1
r2 = 21 cm²

12. R–r =7 (i)

214 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 πR² – πr² = 286 So, area of remaining paper
22 286 ¥ 7 = 1120 – 308
(R² – r²) =
7 22 = 812 cm²
= 91
⇒ (R – r) (R + r) = 91 14. Perimeter of the top of the table
⇒ 7 (R + r) = 91 270
= OA + OB + (2π) 42
360
⇒ R+r = 13 (ii) = 42 + 42 + 63π
On solving (i) and (ii), we get = 84 + 63π
R - r =7 = 84 + 198
R + r =13 = 84 + 198
2r = 20
= 282 cm
r =10 cm
∴ R = 13 – r 15. Circumference of circle = 2πr
= 13 – 10 22
44 = 2 x x r
7
= 3 cm 44 ¥ 7
r =
So, sum of radii = R + r 2 ¥ 22

= 10 + 3 = 7 cm
1
= 13 cm So, area of quadrant = πr²
4
1 22
13. = x x 7²
D C 4 7
= 38.5 cm²
28 cm
16. Perimeter of the shaded region = Perimeter
of bigger semi-circle + 2 (Perimeter of
A 40 cm B
smaller semi-circle)
1
Area of semi-circle = πr² = πD + 2(πd)
2
1 22 22
= π (14)² = x 14 + 2 x7
2 7 7
1 22 = 44 + 2 x 22
= x x 196
2 7
= 308 cm² = 44 + 44

Area of rectangle ABCD = 88 cm

= AB x BC 17. It is given that the area of trapezium ABCD is

24.5 cm2
= 40 x 28
And AD || BC
= 1120 cm²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
215
 DAB = 90º 1
area of ∆AOD = x7 x4
2
AD = 10 cm
= 14 cm²
BC = 4 cm
∴ area of shaded part = 38.5 – 14
1
As we know that area of trapezium = +
2 = 24.5 cm²
(sum of parallel sides) x height
1
⇒ 24.5 = (AD + BC) x AB 19. Length of arc = 8.8 cm
2
⇒ 24.5 x 2 = (10 + 4) x AB 2π x r x 30 ÷ 360 = 8.8

⇒ 49 = 14 x AB = 2 x 22 ÷ 7 x r x 1 ÷ 12 = 8.8
49 r = 8.8 x 7 x 12 ÷ 2 x 22
⇒ AB =
14
r = 739.2 ÷ 4
⇒ AB = 3.5 cm
r = 16.8 cm
Now,
So required length of pendulum is 16.8 cm
Area of quadrant
1 = 16.23 cm
= πr²
4
1 20. Cost of fencing 1 metre
= πAB²
4
1 22 Circular field = ` 12
= x x 3.5 x 3.5
4 7 Total cost of fencing a circular field = ` 2640
1
= x 11 x 0.5 x 3.5 ∴ Circumference of circular field
2
= 9.625 2640
=
Area of quadrant = 9.625 cm2 12
= 220 m
Now,
⇒ 2πr = 220
Area of shaded region = area of trapezium –
22
area of quadrant 2x x r = 220
7
= 24.5 – 9.625 220 ¥ 7
r =
2 ¥ 22
= 14.875
= 35 m
Hence, the area of shaded region is 14.875
22
cm2 Area of circular field = (35)²
7
18. Area of quadrant OACB = 3850 m²

1 22 ∴ cost of ploughing the field

= x x7x7
4 7
= 3850 x 2
= 38.5 cm²
= ` 7700

216 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section C =
1
x 5 x 12
2
1
21. Area of 1 and 3 = (10 x 10 – 2 x x 3.14 x 5 = 30 cm²
2
x 5)
∴ area of shaded part
1
[Area of semi circle = πr²] 1859 - 840
2
=
= (100 – 3.14 x 25) 28
1019
= (100 – 78.5) = cm²
28
= 21.5 cm² = 36.4 cm²
So,
23. P
Even the Area of 2 and 4 is equal to 21.5cm²
cm
So, 10 5 cm II

Area of shaded region = Area of ABCD – Area O I M A B

0f (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) 10 5 cm III
cm
= 100 – (21.5 + 21.5)
Q
= 100 – 43
Given: OP = OQ = 10 cm
Area of shaded region = 57cm²
It is known that tangents drawn from an
external point to a circle are equal in length.
22. In ∆QPR,
So,
∠QPR = 90° (Angle in a semi circle is
aright angle.) OP = OQ = 10 cm
∴ QR² = PQ² + PR² (Pythagoras theorem) Therefore, ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle.
= (12)² + 5² ⇒ ∠POQ = 60º
= 144 + 25 Now
= 169 Area of part II = Area of the sector – Area of
the equilateral triangle POQ
⇒ QR = 13 cm
∠POQ 3
area of semi-circle with QR as diameter = x πr² – x (10)2
360º 4
2
1 22 Ê 13 ˆ 60º 3
= x xÁ ˜ = x π(10)2 – x (10) 2
2 7 Ë2¯ 360º 4
11
22 169 π 3
= x = 100 –
14 42 6 4
1859 Area of the semicircle on diameter PQ =
= cm² Area of part II + Area of part III
28
1 1 25
area of ∆QPR = x PR x PQ x π (5)2 = π
2 2 2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
217
 ∴ Area of the shaded region (part III) 40 x
⇒ = 40
25 π 3 7
= π – 100 – ⇒ x = 7 cm
2 6 4
25 100 Area of semi-circle (with AO as diameter)
= π– π + 25 3
2 6
2
25 1 22 Ê 7 ˆ
= 25 3 – π = x
6 2 7 ÁË 2 ˜¯
π 11 49
= 25 3 – = x
6 7 4
Hence proved. 77
= cm²
4
24. Area of sector (with radius 14 cm) Area of semi-circle (with AB as diameter)
60 22 1 22
= x x 14 x 14 = x x7x7
360 7 2 7
area of sector (with radius 28 cm) = 77 cm²

60 22 So, area of shaded region

= x x 28 x 28
360 7 77
11 = + 77
= (784 – 196) 4
21 77 + 308
11 =
= (588) 4
21 308
= 308 cm² = cm²
4
= 96.25 cm²
25. Let AO = OB = x
⇒ AB = 2x 26.
Perimeter of semi-circle (with AO as diameter)
1 22 x
= x2x
2 7 2
11x
= cm
7
Perimeter of semi-circle (with AB as diameter)
1 22 As all the vertices of a rhombus lie on a circle
= x2x x
2 7
∴ it must be a square
22 x
= cm
7 ⇒ both the diagonals must be equal
Given : Perimeter of figure = 40 cm
area of circle = 1256 cm²
11x 22 x
⇒ + + OB = 40 cm 3.14 r² = 1256
7 7
33 x 1256
⇒ +x = 40 ⇒ r² =
7 3.14

218 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 400 = 954.56 cm
⇒ r = 20 cm 28. Area of trapozium
1
⇒ Diameter of circle = 2r = (Sum of parallel sides) x Distance
2
between the parallel sides
= 40 cm
1
= (AB + DC) x 14
Diameter must be same as diagonal of the 2
square 1
= (18 + 32) x 14
2
⇒ Diagonal of square = 40 cm
= 350 cm²
So, area of rhombus 1
area of a quadrant = π (7)²
1 4
= x 40 x 40
2 1 22
= 800 cm² = x x 49
4 7
154
27. Radius of long hand = 60 cm = cm²
4
Distance travelled by long hand in 1 round So, area of shaded region

= 2π (6) = area of trapezium

– 4 (area of a quadrant)
= 12π
Number of rounds made by long hand Ê 154 ˆ
= 350 – 4 Á ˜
Ë 4 ¯
In 24 hours = 24
= 350 – 154
So, Total distance travelled by long hand in
24 hours = 24 x 12π = 196 cm²
= 288π
29.
Radius of short hand = 4 cm
Distance travelled by short hand in 1 round O
5 2 cm
= 2π (4) θ
P
= 8π A 10 cm B
Number of rounds made by short hand
In 24 hours = 2
C
So, Total distance travelled by short hand in Draw OP⊥AB
24 hours = 8π x 2
In ∆OPA and ∆OPB
= 16π
OA = OB (radii of same circle)
So, Sum of distances = 228π + 16π
OP = OP (common)
= 304π
= 304 x 3.14 ∠OPA = ∠OPB = 90° (By construction)
∴ ∆OPA ≅ ∆OPB (RHS)
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
219
 ⇒ AP = BP (CPCT) 275 - 175
=
⇒ AB = 2AP 7
100
10 = cm²
⇒ AP = = 5 cm 7
2
In ∆OPA, 30. D C
OA² = OP² + AP² II
P
(5 2 ) 2
= OP² + 5²
50 – 25 = OP²
I
Q
25 = OP²
∴ OA² = 5 cm A B
1 Area of square ABCD = 7²
So, area of ∆OAB = AB x OP
2
1 = 49 cm²
= 10 x 5
2 Area of quadrant ABPD
= 25 cm²
90
In ∆AOP, = π (7)²
360
AP π
tan θ = = (49)
OP 4
5 49 22
= = x
5 4 7
=1 77
= cm²
2
⇒ θ = 45°
= 38.5 cm²
So, ∠AOB = 2 (45°)
So, area of part II
= 90°
= 49 – 38.5
∴ area of sector AOBC
= 10.5 cm²
90 22
= x x 25 x 2 Similarly, area of part I = 10.5 cm²
360 7
∴ Area of the shaded region
275
= cm²
7 = area of square ABCD
So, area of shaded part
– area of 1 – area of 11
= area of sectior AOBC
= 49 – 10.5 – 10.5
– area of ∆AOB
= 49 – 21
275
= – 25 = 28 cm²
7

220 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
Section D area of part 1 =
1 22
x x 7²
2 7
31. A
= 77 cm²

1 22
I area of part II = x x (14)²
2 7
308 cm²
So, area of shaded region
B C
= area of rectangular piece – area of part
3 I + area of part II
Area of ∆ABC = (side)²
4
= 392 – 77 + 308 = 623 cm²
1.732
= (8)²
4
= 27.712 cm² 33.
20 m
area of sector 1 6m

60
= x 3.142 x 4²
360
60
= x 3.142 x 16
360
= 8.38 cm²
Area of the grassy lawn in which the calf
So, area of shaded part
can graze initially
= Area of ∆ABC
90 22
= x x 6x6
– 3 (area of sector 1) 360 7
= 27.712 – 3 (8.38) = 28.286 m²

= 27.712 – 25.14 area of gassy lawn in which the calf can

graze if the length of rope is increased
= 2.572 cm² by 5.5 m

32. 90 22
= x x 11.5 x 11.5
360 7
II = 103.911 m²
∴ Increase in the area of the grassy lawn in
I 14 cm which the calf can graze
= 109.911 – 28.286

28 cm = 75.625 cm²

Area of ractangle piece = 28 x 14

34. Area of square = (28)²
= 392 cm²
= 784 cm²

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
221
 area of part of circle inside square 36.
A a cm D
= area of sector
I
90 22
= x x 14 x 14
360 7
B C
= 154 cm²
area of circle with center O1 To find : area of shaded region
22
= x 14 x 14 area of part 1
7
= 616 cm² 90 22
= x x a²
360 7
So, area of shaded part
11
= a² cm²
= Area of square – 2 (area of 14
sector) + (area of circle) area of square ABCD
= 784 – 2 (154) + 2 (616) (with side a + a = 2a cm)
= 784 – 308 + 1232 = (2a)²
= 1708 cm² = 4a² cm²
So, area of shaded region
35. Area of trapezium
= area of square
1
= (AD + BC) AB
2 Ê 11 2 ˆ
1 – 4a² – 4 Á a ˜
⇒ 24.5 = (10 + 4) AB Ë 14 ¯
2
22 6
24.5 ¥ 2 = 4a² – a² = a²
⇒ = AB 7 7
14
37.
⇒ 3.93 cm = AB A B
area of quadrant ABE

1 22 x
= x x 3.93 x 3.93
4 7

= 112.135 cm² x
D C
So, area of shaded region
Circumference of circle = 650 m
= area of trapezium
⇒ 2πr = 650
– area of quadrant ABC 22
⇒ 2x r = 650
= 24.5 – 12.135 7
325
650 ¥ 7
= 12.365 cm² ⇒ r =
2 ¥ 22

222 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 2275 ii) Let O is the centre of the central part and
= m O is also the centre of the square.
22
∴ Diameter = 2 (radius) Diagonal of square AC= 2 a

2275 1
= m OA = OC = AC (diagonals of a square are
22 2
equal in length and bisect each other)
In ∆BCD,
2a 2 x 22
BC² + CD² = BD² OA = = = 11 2
2 2
2 AE = BF = OA – OE = 11 2 – 5.55 = 11 ×
Ê 2275 ˆ
x² + x² = Á 11 ˜ 1.41 – 5.55 = 15.51 – 5.55 = 9.96 cm
Ë ¯
2 [ 2 = 1.41]
Ê 2275 ˆ
2x² = Á 11 ˜ 1
Ë ¯ EF = (circumference of the circle)
4
1 Ê 2275 ˆ
2
1 πr 1 22
⇒ x² = Á = (2πr) = = × × 5.55 = 8.72 cm
2 Ë 11 ˜¯ 4 2 2 7
Area of square ABCD = x² Perimeter of part ABEF = AB + AE + EF + BF
= 22 + 9.96 + 8.72 + 9.96 = 50.64 cm
2
1 Ê 2275 ˆ Hence, the circumference of the central part
= Á m²
2 Ë 11 ˜¯ = 34.88 cm and the Perimeter of part ABEF
= 50.64 cm.
= 21386.88 m²
39. Length of a rectangle (AB) = DC = 20 cm
38. GIVEN: Breadth of a rectangle( BC) = AD=15 cm
Side of a square (AB)= 22 cm AE = 9 cm, ED = 12 cm
Lets the radius of the central part be r cm Area of rectangle = length x breadth
1 = 20 × 15 = 300 cm²
Area of the central part = × area of the
5 Diameter of Semicircle = Breadth of a
square
rectangle = 15 cm
1
πr² = (22 × 22) diameter 15
5 Radius of Semicircle = = cm
22 (22 x 22) 2 2
× r² = 1
7 5 Area of semicircle = πr²
2
(22 x 7) 154
r² =
5
=
5 1 15 ²
= ×(3.14)
r² = 30.8 2 2
(1.57 × 225)
r = 30.8 = 5.549 ≈ 5.55 cm =
4
353.25
i) Circumference of the central part = 2πr = = 88.31 cm²
4
22
=2× × 5.55 = 34.88 cm 1
7 Area of right angled ∆ = × Base × height
2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
223
 1 = 14 x 7
Area of right angled ∆AED = × AE × ED
2
1 = 98 cm²
= × 9 × 12 = 9 × 6 = 54 cm²
2 area of semi-circle (with diameter BC)
Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle
2
– Area of right angled ∆AED + Area of 1 22 Ê 7 ˆ
semicircle = x xÁ ˜
2 7 Ë2¯
Area of shaded region = 300 – 54 + 88.31 1 22 49
= x x
2 7 4
= 246 + 88.31 = 19.25 cm²
= 334.31 cm² Similarly, area of semicircle (with
Hence, the Area of shaded region is diameterAD)
334.31 cm² = Area of rectangle ABCD
40. Area of semicircle (with diameter CD) – area of semicircle (with diameter CD)
1 22
= x x 7² + area of semicircle (with diameter BC)
2 7
= 77 cm² + area of semicircle (with diameter AD)
area of rectangle ABCD = 98 – 77 + 19.25 + 19.25

= AB x BC = 59.5 cm²

224 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Chapter

13 Surface Areas & Volumes

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1
(18)² (32) = × (r2)² × 24
3
4
1. a) Volume of piece of iron = (49 × 33 × 24) cm² 324 × 32 × 3
(r2)² =
4 3 24 3
Volume of sphere = πr (r2)² = (18 × 2)²
3
A T Q; r2 = 36 cm
Volume of iron = Volume of sphere
4. a) C. S. A. of cylinder = 264 m²
4 3
49 × 33 × 24 = πr
3 Volume of cylinder = 924 m3
4 22
49 × 33 × 24 = × × πr3 C .S. A of cylinder 264
3 7 =
3 6 3 Volume of cylinder 924
49 × 33 × 24 × 3 × 7
r 3
= 2π r h 264
4 × 22
=
2 πr h2 924
2 264
r3 = 9261 =
r 924
r = 3 9261 2 × 924
r =
r = 21 cm 264
r = 7 cm (i)
2. a) A. T. Q; We know;
Volume of cone = Volume of cylinder C. S. A of cylinder = 264 cm²
1 2 πrh = 264 cm²
π r ² h1 = π r ² h2
3
1 22
2× 7×h = 264
h = h2 7
3 1 24
1 264 ×7
h =5 h = =6m
3 1 2 × 22 × 7
h1 = 15 cm 2
2r 2×7
Radio of Diameter to height = =
h 6
3. a) A T Q, 7
=
Volume of cylinder = Volume of cone 3
1 2
π r12 h1 = πr h 5. a) In the right circle cone, the cross section
3 2 2 made by a plane parallel to its base is a circle.

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
225
 4 × (10.5)3
WORKSHEET 1 n = = 126. cones
(3.2)2 × 3
Section A 4. Let the radius of the cone = R
1. A. T. Q; and Height of a cone = r [Given]
Radius of cylinder = Radius of sphere Volume of cone = 1 ÷ 3π2h
Diameter of sphere = 2πr Now,
= 2r Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
4 3 12
2. Surface area of cube = 6a² =) π= h
3 3
Surface area of sphere = 4πr² =) 4r = r (r)
2 2

A T Q; =) r = 2

Surface area of cube = Surface area of sphere Thus, the radius of the base of cone = 2r

6a² = 4πr² πh
5. Volume of frustum = × (R2 + r2 + Rr)
3
3a² = 2πr²
[ R= 812 = 4 m; r = 412 = 2 m]
r ² 3 π(6)
= = × ((4)2 + (2)² + 4 × 2)
a 2π 3
r 3 = 2π (28)
=
a 2 π 22
= 56 ×
4 3 7
Volume of sphere πr = 8 × 22
⇒ = 3
Volume of cube a3 = 176 m3
4 r3 6. Total surface area of canvas
= π 3
3 a
= Sum of curved surface area of and curved
4 3 ² surface area of cylinder
= π
3 2 π C. S. A of cone = πrl
2
4 3 3 = (π) (105) (40)
= π
3 2 2 π π
= 4200π m²
Volume of sphere 6
= C. S. A of cylinder = 2πrh
Volume of cube π
= (2) (π) (105) (4)
3. Volume of sphere = n × Volume of cones
= 840 π m²
4 3 1
πr = n × πr2h Total surface area of canvas = 4200π + 840π
3 3
4 × (10.5)2 = n × (3.5)2 (3) = 5040 π

226 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 5040 π = 12 × 30 × 10, 000 × 0.5
22 A × 0.08 = 1, 800, 000
= 5040 ×
7
1, 800, 000
= 720 × 22 A =
0.08
= 15840 m² A = 22, 500, 000 m²

7. Surface area of Hemisphere = Surface area of 10.

cone r
r
3πr² = πrl + πr²
hH
2 π r² =πrl
2r = r2 + h2 [ l = r2 + h2 ] r

Squaring b/s :- Given,

4r² = r² + h² 19
Volume of air = 41 m³
21
3r² = h²
2r =H (i)
r 1
= Total height of the building
h 3
= Height of cylinder
8. Volume of hemisphere
Total height of the building
= Surface area of hemisphere
= Height of hemisphere
2 π r²
= 3π r²
3 H =h+r (ii)
2
r =3 From (i) and (ii) :
3
9 2r =h+r
r =
2
2r = 9 cm h =r

Diameter of hemisphere = 9 cm- Volume of building = Volume of cylinder

+ Volume of hemisphere
Section B 880 2
21 = πr²h + πr³
9. Width of canal = 30 m 3
2
= πr² [ h + r ]
Depth of canal = 12 m 3
5
Flow velocity = 10 km/hr = 10,000 m/hr = πr² [ r ]
3
Standing water required = 8 cm = 0.8 m 880 5
21 = πr²
1 3
Time = 30 minutes = hr = 0.5 hr.
2 880 × 3 × 7
Area irrigated by 0.08 m r³ = =8
321 × 5 × 22

ADDITIONALTM
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227
 h =2m Area where there are no dimples
H =h+r = (52. 83 – 18. 857) cm²

H =2+2 = 33. 714 cm²

H =4m Surface area exposed to surroundings

= (33. 973 + 37. 714) cm²
11. Let radius cone y =r = 71. 687 cm²
So, radius of cone x = 3r
14. Volume of resulting spheres
Let volume of cone y =V
= Volume of three spheres
So, volume of cone x = 2V 4 4 4 4
πr³ = πr1³ + πr2³ + πr3³
Let height of cone x be h1 & 3 3 3 3
4 4
height of cone y be h2 πr³ = π (r1³ + r2³ + r3³)
3 3
1
Volume of cone x π (3r)2(h1) r³ = (6³ + 8³ + 10³)
3
Volume of cone y =
1
π (r)2(h2) r³ = (216 + 512 + 1000)
3
r³ = 1728
2y 9h1
y = h r = 12 cm
2

h1 2
= 15. Let the height of platform be 'h' metres.
h2 9
Volume of mud dug out from the well
12. l×b =x
= Volume of platform
b×h =y
770 = 22 × 14 × h
h×l =z
770
(l × b) × (b × h) × (h × l) = x y z h =
22 × 14
(l b h)² =xyz h = 2. 5 m
lbh = xyz
Volume of cuboid = xyz 16. 2πR = 18 cm
22
2× ×R = 18 cm
13. Total area without dimples = πr² × n 7
18 × 7
22 R =
= (0.2)² × 150 2 × 22
7
= 18. 857 cm² 9
R = cm
π
Total area of without dimples = 4πr² 2πr = 6
22 4.1 ² 6
=4× × r = 2π
7 2
= 52. 83 cm²
228 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 r =
3 Section C
π
Given; l = 4 cm 19. Capacity of drinking glass
Curved surface area of frustum 1
= πh (r1² + r2² + r1 r2)
= π (R + r) l 3
1
9 3 = π (14) (2² + 1² + 2 × 1)
=π + (4) 3
π π
1 22
12 = × × 14 (7)
= π (4) 3 7
π
= 48 cm² 308
= = 102. 6 cm³
3
17. Given,
6 cm
20. Radius of sphere = = 3 cm
Area of valley = 97280 km² 2
2 cm
Rainfall = 10 cm = 0. 00010 km Radius of wire = = 1 cm
2
Volume of rainwater Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder
(wire)
= Area of valley × Rainfall
4 2
= 97280 × 0. 00010 km³ πr h = π r2h
3
= 0. 97280 km³ 4
(3) = (1)² h
3
0. 97280
Volume in 1 day = = 0. 7 km³ 4×9 =h
14
Volume of a river =l×b×h h = 36 cm
75 3 ∴ length of wire = 36 cm
= (1072 × × ) km³
1000 1000
= 0. 2412 km³
21. Height of cone = 9 cm
Volume of 3 rivers = 3 x 0. 2412
24
Radius of cone = = 12 cm
= 0. 7236 km³ 2
1
Volume of cone = πr²h
18. h of cone = 12 cm (Given) 3
1
r of cone = 4. 5 cm = π (12)² (9)
3
slant height (l) = h2 + r2 = 432 π cm³
Height of cylinder = 110 cm
= (12)2 + (4.5)2
Radius of cylinder = 12 cm
= 144 + 20.25
Volume of cylinder = πr²h
= 164.25 = π (12)² (110)
l = 12. 81 cm = 15840 π cm³
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 Volume of irom pole = 432 π + 15840 π 4
(4. 2)³ = (6)² h
3
= 16272 π
4 (4. 2)³
= 51140. 5 cm³ × =h
3 (6)²
Mass of pole = 409124 g 2.744 cm =h

22. A 24. Radius of cylinder = 6 cm (Given)

h Height of cylinder = 15 cm
l
r H Radius of cone and hemisphere = 3 cm
E F (Given)
R L Height of cone = 12 cm
B D C A. T. Q. ;
Let R, H and L be the radius, height and slant Volume of cylinder = Volume of cone +
height of the larger cone. & Let r, h and l be volume of hemisphere
the radius, height and slant height of smaller
cone. 1 2 2
π r2cyh = π r ch + π rh3 × n
3 3
Consider ∆ADC & ∆AEF 1 2
r h l (6)² × 15 = × (3)2 × 12 + (3)3 × n
3 3
= = (i)
R H L 540 = (36 + 18) × n
C. S. A. of smaller cone = πrl
540
C. S. A. of larger cone = πRL =n
54
8 n = 10 cones.
RL – πrl =
9
1 25. Diameter of copper wire = 3 mm or 0.3 cm
⇒ πRL = πrl
9
L R Number of rounds of copper wire around
⇒ × =9 cylinder
r r
Height of cylinder 12
H H = = = 40 rounds
× =9 (From (i) Diameter of wire 0.3
h h
H Wire required in round
=3
h = 2πr (Circumference of base cylinder)
H – h 3h – h
⇒ = =2 =2×π×5
h h
Required ratio = h : (H – h) = 10 π
= 1 :2 Length required in 40 rounds
= 40 × 10 π = 400 π
23. Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder
22
4 3 400 ×
πr 5 = π r ch 3
(rs = 4.2 cm) 7
3 8800
(rc = 6 cm) =
1257. 14 cm
7
230 ADDITIONALTM
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 0.3 Height (h1) of each conical part = 2 cm
Radius of wire = = 0. 15 cm
2
Height (h2) of cylindrical part 12 – 2 – 2
Volume of wire
= 8 cm
= Area of wire × lenght of wire
Radius (r) of cylindrical part = Radius of
= πr² × 1257. 14 3
conical part = cm
2
22
= × (0. 15)² × 1257. 14 Volume of air present in the model = Volume
7
of cylinder + 2 x Volume of cone
= 88. 898 cm³
= πr2h2 + 2 x πr2h1
Mass of wire = Density x Volume
= 8. 88 × 88. 898 3 ² 1 3 ²
=π x8+2x π (2)
2 3 2
Mass of wire = 789. 41 g.
9 2 9
=πx x8+ πx x2
14 4 3 4
26. Radius of hemisphere = = 7 cm = 18π + 3π = 21π
2
Curved surface area of hemisphere
22
= 21 x = 66 cm2
= 2 π6² 7
22 28.
=2× × (7)²
7 1. 4
= 308 cm² 1.4
Height of cylinder = Total height 5 cm
– Height of hemisphere
1.4
= 13 – 7 = 6 cm
1. 4
Curved surface area of cylinder
Total Volume of gulab-jamun
= 2 πrh
22 = Volume of cylinder + Volume of 2
=2× ×7×6 hemispheres
7
= 264 cm² Volume of cylinder = πrc²hc
Inner surface area of the 2.8
rc = Radius of cylinder = = 1. 4 cm
2
= C S A of cylinder
C S A of hemisphere hc = Height of cylinder = 5 – 2 × (1. 4)

= 264 + 308 = 5 – 2. 8

= 572 cm² = 2. 2 cm
22
Section D Volume of cylinder = × (1. 4)² × (2. 2)
7
= 13. 55 cm³
27. For the given statement first draw a diagram,
Volume of 2 hemispheres
In this diagram, we can observe that

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231
 2 30. O
=2× π r3h
3
60°
2
= 2 × × π × (1. 4)³ 30°
3 20 cm A B
2 22 Q
= ×2× × (1. 4)³
3 7
= 11. 50 cm³
C P D
Volume of gulab-jamun = (11.50 + 13.55)
cm³ Let, OCD be the metallic cone and ABDC
= 25. 05 cm³ be the required frustum.

Volume of sugar syrup in 1 gulabjamun Since, frustum is drawn into wire of volume
of frustum ABCD = Volume of cylindrical
30 cone
= × 25. 05
100
OQ = QP = 10 cm
= 7. 51 cm³
∠QOB = 30º
Volume of sugar syrup for 45 gulabjamuns
Height of frustum = h = QP = 10 cm
= 45 × 7. 51 = 337. 95
PD QB
= 338 (approx) tan θ = tan θ =
OP OB
1 r1 1 r2
10 tan 30º = = 20 tan 30º = = 10
29. Radius of cylindrical tank = =5m 3 3
2 20 0
= 500 cm r1 = cm r2 = cm
3 3
Height of cylindrical tank = 200 cm (2 m) πh
∴ Volume of frustum = 3 (r21 + r22 + r1r2)
Volume of cylindrical tank = πr²h
π x 10 20 ² 10 ² 20 10
= + + x
= π (500)² (200) 3 3 3 3 3

Volume of cylindrical tank 10π 900 100 200

Time taken = = + +
Volume of water flowing in 1hr 3 3 3 3

π(500)2 (200) 10π 700 7000π

= = cm3
Time taken = 3 3 3
10 × 300000 × π × 10
1
500 × 500 × 200 Given diameter = cm
12
=
10 × 300000 × 10 Volume of wire = volume of frustum
50 5 7000π
= = hr πr2h =
30 3 3
5 7000 1 ²
= × 60 h= x = 7964.4 m
3 3 1
Time taken = 100 minutes 24
∴ h = 7964.4 m
232 ADDITIONALTM
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31. Amount of water required to fill the conical 4.3
vessel 33. Radius of cylinder = = 2. 15 m
7
= volume of conical vessel Height of cylinder = 3. 8 m

1 C. S. A. of cylinder = 2 πrh
= π(20)2 x 24 = 3200π cu.cm ...(i)
3 22
Amount of water that flows out of cylindrical =2× × 2. 15 × 3. 8
7
pipe in 1 minute 359.48
= m²
5 ² 7
=πx x 10 x 100 = 51. 3543 m²
20
= 62.5π cu.cm ...(ii) As vertical angle of cone is a right angle.
From (i) and (ii) Let ABC be a triangle
3200π l = AB = AC
Time required to fill the vessel =
62.5π
= 51.2 minutes. l² + l² = BC²
2 l² = 4. 3²
32. Volume of water left = Volume of cylinder
l² = 9. 245
- (Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere)
l = 3. 04 m
Volume of cylinder = πrc2hc
We know,
rc = 5 cm
l² = r² + h²
hc = 10. 5 cm
(3. 04) = (2. 15)² + h²
Volume of cylinder = π (5)² (10. 5)
9. 2416 = 4. 6225 + h²
= 262. 5 π cm³
h² = 9. 2416 – 4. 6225
1
Volume of cone = π (3. 5)² (4)
3 h = 4.6191
= 16. 33 π cm³
h = 2. 149 m
2
Volume of hemisphere = πrh³ C. S. A. of cone = πrl
3
rh³ = 3. 5 cm 22
= × 2. 15 × 3. 04
2 7
Volume of hemisphere = π (3. 5)³ = 20. 5417 m²
3
= 28. 58 π cm³ T. S. A. of building = C. S. A. of cylinder
Volume of water left = 262. 5 π + C. S. A. of cone
– (16.33 π 28. 58 π) = 51. 3543 + 20. 5417
= π (217. 59) cm³ = 71. 896 m²
22
= × 217. 59 cm³ Volume of building = Volume of cone
7
= 683. 854 cm³ + Volume of cylinder

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233
 1 surface area of ABED + Curved surface area
Volume of cone = πr²h
3 of CBED
1 22 = π x BE x BA + π x BE x BC
= × × (2. 15)² × 2. 15
3 7
= π x BE x (BA + BC)
= 10 .4116 m³
= 3.14 x 144 x (15 + 20)
Volume of cylinder = πr²h
= 1318.8 cm2
22
= × (2. 15)² × 3. 8 Surface area of required double cone is
7
1318.8 cm2.
= 55. 2059 m³
Total Volume of building WORKSHEET 2
= 10. 4116 + 55. 2059
Section A
= 65. 6175 m³
1. Volume of cone are in the ratio 1 : 4
diameters are in the ratio 4 : 5
34. Hypotenuse = sum of square of sides by
Pythagoras theorem So, radius are also in the ratio 4 : 5.

∴ Hypotenuse = 152 + 202 = 25 cm Volume of cone 1 1

Volume of cone 2 =
4
By Pythagoras theorem, 1
π r21h1
3 1
AE2 + BE2 = 152 ...(i) =
1 4
π r22h2
CE2 + BE2 = 202 ...(ii) 3
AE + CE = 25 ...(iii) r1 ² h1 1
r2 × h =
4
Equation (i) – (ii), 2

4 ² h1 1
AE2 – CE2 = –175 ...(iv) × =
5 h2 4
Solving (iii) – (iv), 16 h1 1
× =
AE = 9 cm, CE = 16 cm, BE = 144 cm
2 2 25 h2 4

∴ Volume of total solid = Volume of cone h1 25

=
formed by ABED + Volume of cone h2 64
formed by CBED
1 1 2. 4πr² = 616
= π x BE2 x AE + π x BE2 x CE
3 3 22
1 4× × r² = 616
= π BE2 x (AE + CE) 7
3 616 × 7
r² =
1 22 × 4
= π x 144 x 25 = 3768 units3 4312
3 r² =
Volume of double cone formed is 3768 cm3 88
r² = 49
Surface area of double cone = Curved
r² = 7 cm
234 ADDITIONALTM
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3. Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone = r As the water is poured into the cylindrical flask,
Also, Height of cone = Radius of Hemisphere = r So,Volume of cylinder = Volume of water
1 2
l (Slant height) = h2 + r2 = r2 + r2 = 2r π (mr)2H = πr h
3
Curved surface area of hemisphere 2πr h
= H =
Curved surface area of cone πrl 3m2
2πr2
= 6. Height of cylinder (h) = 12 cm
πr 2r
12
=2: 2 Radius of cylinder (r) = = 6 cm
2
= 2:1 A. T. Q.,
Surface area of sphere = C. S. A. of cylinder
4. Since the radius of the cylinder is same 4 π rs2 = 2 π rh
as the radius of the circular plate.
2rs2 = (12) (6)
So, the radius of the base of the cylinder
= 7 cm rs2 = (6) (6)

Height of the cylinder is same as the rs = 6 cm

thickness of 50 circular plates.
1 7. Volume of cylinder = πr2h
Thickness of 1 plate = cm
2
1 r = 1 cm
Then, thickness of 50 plates = 50 x
2
h=5
= 25 cm
V = π(5)(1)2
Height of the cylinder = 25 cm
V = 5πcm2
Total surface area of cylinder = 2πr (r + h)
22 Volume of sphere, at r = 1 cm
=2x x 7 (7 + 25)
7 4
= πr³
= 44 x 32 3
4
Total surface area of the cylinder = 1408 sq Volume of spher = πcm³
3
cm 8. In the hemisphere,
Volume of the cylinder = πr²h Height of hemisphere = Radius of
22 hemisphere
= x 7 x 7 x 25
7 h=r
= 3850 cu cm
For the volume of cone,
Volume of the cylinder is 3850 cu cm.
Radius of cone = Radius of hemisphere
5. Volume of water = Volume of conical flask R=r
1 1
= πr²h Volume of cone = πR²h
3 3

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 =
1
πr²h [R=r] Section B
3
11. 4 cm
1
= πr³ [h=r]
3
4 cm
9. TSA = 462 cm2 4 cm 4 cm
TSA hemisphere = 3 πr² The figure obtained on joining of two cubes
22 of side 4 cm is cuboid of length 8 cm, breadth
462 =3× × r² 4 cm and height 4 cm.
7
7 So we know that the surface area of cuboid
21 = 2(lb + bh + lh)
42
462 x 7 Where l = 8 cm, b = 4 cm, h = 4 cm
= r²
22 x 3
2 = 2 x [(8 x 4) + (4 x 4) + (4 x 8)]
1
1 = 2 x [32 + 16 + 32]
49 = r² = 2 x [80]
r = 49 = 7 cm = 160 cm2
2 3
Volume of hemisphere = πr 12.
3
2 22
= x7 x7x7
3 7 15 cm
2 x 22 x 7 x 7
=
3 20 cm
2156
= 21cm
3
= 718.666 cm3

10. Slant height (l) = 5 cm 20 cm

R = r1 – r2 = 4 cm Slant height of cone = r2 + h2

l² = R² + h² l = (20)2 + (15)2

5² = R² + h² l = 400 + 225

h² = 4² + h² l = 625

h² = 5² – 4² = 25 cm

h² = 25 – 16 Total surface area of toy

= Curved surface area of cone
h² =9
+ Curved surface area of
h = 3 cm cylinder
+ Area of bottom part of
cylinder

236 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = πrl + 2 πrchc + πrc² = π [ (R + r) l + (R² + r²) ]
= π [ rl + 2 πrchc + rc² ] = π [ (18 + 12) (10) + (18² + 12²) ]
= π [(20) (25) + (2) (20) (21) + (20)²] = π [ 300 + 468 ]
= π [ 500 + 840 + 400 ] 22
= π [ 768 ] = × 768 = 2413. 71 cm²
7
22
= × 1740
7 15. Total surface area of remaining solid
= 22 × 248. 57
= C. S. A. of cylinder + Area of upper part
= 5468. 54 cm²
+ Curved surface area of cone
13. Let the original height of cylinder = 10 cm = 2 πrh + πr² + (πrch)
base radius of cylinder = 3.5 cm Radius of cylinder (r) = 6 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 20 cm
so base radius of hemisphere = 3.5 cm (same
as that of cylinder) Radius of cone (rc) = 6 cm

The total surface area would be the sum Slant height of cone (l) = rc2 + h
of curved surface area of cylinder and the = 62 + 82
surface areas of 2 hemispheres.
= 100
Surface area of cylinder = 2πrh
l = 10 cm
Surface area of one hemisphere = 2πr2
Total surface area of remaining solid
TSA = 2πrh + 2(2 2πr2)
22 22 22
TSA = 2πrh + 4πr2 =2× × 6 × 20 + × 6² + × 6 × 10
7 7 7
22
TSA = 2πr(h + 2r) = [ 240 + 36 + 60 ]
7
22 22
TSA = 2 x x 3.5 (10 + 2 x 3.5) = × 336
7 7
= 22 x (10 + 7) = 1056 cm²
TSA = 374 cm2
16. Water is flowing at 7 m/s
14. Height = 18 Radius of pipe (r) = 1 cm = 0. 01 m
Radius = R = 18 cm and r = 12 cm Radius of tank (R) = 40 cm = 0. 4 m
l = (R – r)2 + h2 1
Time = hr = 30 min = 1800 seconds
2
l = (18 – 12)2 + 82
We know,
l = 62 + 82
Volume of cylindrical tank
l = 100
= Area of cross section
l = 10 cm
× speed of flowing water
Total surface area = π (R + r) l + π (R² + r²)
× time
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237
 π r2h = π R2 × Rate of flowing water × time 6
19. Radius of sphere (r) = = 3 cm
2
(0.4)² h = (0. 01)² × 7 × 1800 12
Radius of cylindrical vessel (R) = = 6 cm
0. 16h = 1. 26 2
Let water be raised by height 'h'
1.26
h =
0.16 A. T. Q.,
h = 7. 875 m Volume of water raised = Volume of sphere
17. Let Radius of tank be 'r' 4 3
π R2h = πr
3
So, Height of tank = 6r 4
R²h = r³
Volume of cylindrical tank = πr²h 3
22 4
= × r² × 6r 36 × h = × (3)³
7 3
The cost of painting is given as 237. 60 4 × 27 108
h = = = 1 cm
36 × 3 108
So,
Volume of tank × 0. 6 = 237. 60 20. 18 cm 3 cm
237. 60
Volume of tank = 6 cm
0.6
= 396 cm²
2
18. Radius of well (r) = 5 m Volume of liquid in hemispherical bowl =
π (18)3 cm3 3
Depth of well = 14 m
Volume of liquid filled in one cylindrical
Volume of Earth taken out bottle = π(3)2 (6) cm3
22
= × 5² × 14 Number of bottles required to empty the
7
bowl
= 1100 m³
2
As the Earth is spread around the π (18)3
3
embankment ; = π(3)2 6 = 72

Inner radius (r1) =5m

Section C
Outer radius (r2) = (5 + 5) m = 10 m
21. Let the radius of base of cylinder be 'r'
Height =h
A. T. Q.,
Volume of Earth taken out = π (r22 – r1²) h
22 Volume of cylinder = Volume of two cones
= 1100 = (10² – 5²) h
7 1 1
1100 × 7 πr²h = π 61²h + πr2²h
3 3
=h
22 × (75) 1 1
h = 4. 67 m r² = r1² + r2²
3 3

238 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 r1² + r2² = 2411.52 cm2
r² =
3 ∴ Total surface area of frustum = 2411.52
r1² + r2² cm2
r =
3
24. Volume of water in tank = l × b × h
1 21
22. Volume of bucket = πh (R² + r² + Rr) = 50 × 44 ×
3 100
1 = 462 m³
5390 = π (15) (196 + r² + 14r)
3
22 For cylindrical pipe,
5390 × 3 = × 15 (196 + r² + 14r)
7 14
r= = 7 cm = 0. 07 cm
5390 × 3 × 7 2
= 196 + r² + 14r Water is flowing at the rate of 15 km/hour.
22 × 15
343 = 196 + r² + 14r Volume of cylindrical pipe = πr²h
r² + 14r + 196 – 343 = 0 22
462 = × (0. 07)² × h
7
r² + 14r – 147 =0 462 × 7
=h
r² – 7r + 21r – 147 =0 22 × (0.07)2

r (r – 7) +21 (r – 7) =0 30000
Time = = 2 hours
15000
r = – 21 or r =7
As Radius can't be negative, So r = 7 cm 25. Surface area of sphere = 4 πr²
1386 = 4 πr²
23. Given: Radius of lower circular end = r = 12
1386 × 7
cm = r²
4 × 22
Radius of upper circular end = R = 18 cm r² = 110 . 25
Height of frustum = h = 8 cm r = 10 .5 cm
Formula: Total surface area of frustum = πr² 4
+ πR² + π(R + r)l cm2 Volume of sphere = πr³
3
Where l = slant height 4 22
= × × (10. 5)³
3 7
For slant height we have 1 = (R – r)2 + h2 4 22
cm = × × 10. 5 × 10. 5 × 10. 5
3 7
∴ 1 = (18 – 12)2 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 10 cm = 4851 cm³
∴ 1 = 10 cm A. T. Q.,

∴ Total surface area of frustum = π x 122 + Volume of sphere = Volume of wire

π x 182 + π x (18 + 12) x 10 cm2 (cylinder)

= 3.14 x (144 + 324 + 300) cm2 4851 = πr²h

= 3.14 x 768 cm2 22

4851 = × r² × 31. 5 × 100
7
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239
 [ length of wire = 31. 5 m ] For ice-cream,

4851 × 7 We know,
= r²
22 × 31.5 × 100
h = 2 × diameter = 2 × 2r = 4r
r² = 0. 49
Radius of cone = Radius of hemisphere = R
r = 0. 7 cm
Volume of ice- cream cone
∴ Diameter of wire = 0. 7 × 2
= Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere
= 1. 4 cm
1 2
= πR²h + πR³
3 3
26. Sum of radius and height of cylinder
1
= πR² (h + 2R)
= (r + h) 3
1
= 37 cm = πR² (4R+ 2R)
3
Total surface area of cylinder = 2 πr (r + h) 1
22 = π 6R³
3
1628 =2× × r (37)
7 A. T. Q.,
1628 × 7
=r Volume of cylindrical tub
2 × 22 × 37
We know, = n × Volume of ice - cream cones
r =7 1
540 π = π 6R³ × 10
r+h = 37 3
7+h = 37 540 × 3 = 6R³ × 10
h = 30 cm 54 × 3 = 6R³
Volume of cylinder = πr²h 27 = R³
22
= × 7² × 30 R = 3 cm
7
22 ∴ Diameter of ice - cream cones
= × 49 × 30
7
= 3 × 2 = 6 cm
= 4620 cm²

28. Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone

27. For cylindrical tub,
12 = r = 3. 5 cm
r = = 6 cm
2 Volume of total wood used
h = 15 cm 5 1001
= 166= cm³
Volume of cylindrical tube = πr²h 6 6
Volume of wood used in toy
= π × 6² × 15
= Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
= π × 36 × 15
1001 2 1
= πr³ + πr²h
= 540 π 6 3 3
240 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 1001 1 22
= πr² (2 r + h) =4× × 10. 5 × 10. 5
6 3 7
1001 22 = 1386 cm²
= × 3. 5 × 3. 5 (2 × 3. 5 + h)
6 7
1001 × 7 30. Height of cone (h) = 60 cm
=7+h
2 × 22 × 3.5 × 3.5
Radius of cone (r) = 30 cm
13 =7+h
Height of cylinder (H) = 180 cm
h = 13 – 7
Radius of cylinder (R) = 60 cm
Height of cone = h = 6 cm
Volume water left = Volume of cylinder
Height of toy = Height of cone – Volume of cone
+ Height of hemisphere 1
Volume of water left = πR²H – πr²h
= 6 + 3. 5 3
1
= π [ (60)² (180) – (30)² (60) ]
= 9. 5 cm 3
Curved surface area of hemisphere = 2 πr² = π [ 648000 – 18000 ]
22 22
=2× × (3. 5)² = × 630000
7 7
= 77 cm² = 1980000 cm³

∴ Cost of painting the hemispherical part = 1. 98 m³

= 77 x 10
Section D
= ` 770.
4
31. Radius of well = =2m
3.5 2
29. Radius of cone (r) = cm Depth = 14 m
2
Height of cone (h) = 3 cm Volume of well = πr²h
A. T. Q.,
22
= × 2² × 14
Volume of 504 cones = Volume of sphere 7
1 4 = 176 m³
504 × × π × r² × h = πR³
3 3 A. T. Q.,
504 3.5 ² 4
Volume of well = Volume of embankment
× ×3 = R³
3 2 3
176 = π (r1² – r2²) h
504 × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3 × 3
= R³ [ r² = inner radius = 2 m ]
3×2×4×2
22 40
1157. 625 = R³ 176 = (r1² – 4) ×
7 100
R = 10. 5 cm 140 = r1² – 4

Total surface area of sphere = 4 πR² 144 = r1²

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241
 r1 = 12 m 2
= (18)³
3
Width of embankment = (12 – 2) m
= 3888 π cm³
= 10 m
Diameter of the bottle = 60 m
6
Radius of the bottle (r1) = = 3cm
32. Radius of the water tank = 40 cm 2
Volume of each bottle = πr1²h
Increase in water level = 3. 15 m = 315 cm
= π (3)² (h)
Volume of water flowing in the tank in half = 9 πh
on hour = πr²h
A. T. Q.,
22
= × 40 × 40 × 315 90 % of volume of liquid in bowl
7
= 1584000 cm³ = 72 × Volume of liquid in each bottle
90
Rate of water flow = 2. 52 km/hr × 3888 π = 72 × 9 π h
100
1 3499. 2 = 648 h
Water flow in half an hour = 2. 52 ×
2 3499. 2
= 1. 26 km h =
648
= 126000 cm h = 5. 4 cm

Let internal diameter be 'd'

34. First, we need to find out the volume of the
Water that flows in half an hour through previous solid metal cylinder.
pipe
h = 10 cm
d ²
= (126000) r = 4.2 cm
2
We know, Volume of cylinder before scooping out =
Water flowing through pipe in half an hour πr2h
4 3
= Volume of water flowing in half an hour Volume of scooped part = πr
3
22 d2 4
× × 126000 = 1584000
3 x π x (4.2)
= 3
7 4
d² = 16 = 98.784π = 98.8π cm3
d = 16 Therefore volume of the scooped metal
cylinder = 176.4π – 98.8π = 77.6π cm3
d = 4 cm
Now for wire,
36 Diameter = 1.4 cm
33. Radius of hemisphere bowl = = 18 cm
2
1.4
2 Radius = = 0.7
Volume of liquid in the bowl = πr³ 2
3
The volume of the scooped metal cylinder =
2
= πr³ The volume of the wire
3
77.6π = πr2h
242 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Cut π from both the sides In ∆ADB
77.6 = (0.7)2h ∠ADE = 90° & ∠DEA = 60°
77.6 20
h= tan 60 =
0.49 DE
h = 158.36 cm = 158.4 cm 3 DE = 20
Therefore, the length of the wire would be 20
DE =
approximately 158.4 cm. 3

1 20
35. Volume of water in cone = πr²h R = cm
3 3
In ∆ABC
1 r
= π x (5)2 x 8 tan 30 =
3 AB
200 1 r
= π cm3 =
3 3 AB
From (i)
1 200 10
Volume of water flows out = x π r =
4 3
3
50 πh
= π cm3
3 Volume of frustum = [ R² + r² + Rr ]
3
Let the radius of one spherical ball be r cm
π x 10 20 ² 10 ² 20 ² 10 ²
4 3 50 = + +
∴ πr x 100 = π 3 3 3 3 3
3 3
50 1 10π 400 100 200
r3 = = = + +
4 x 100 8 3 3 3 3
1
or, r= = 0.5 cm 10π 700
2 =
3 3
36.
7000π
A = cm³
9
Volume of cylinder = πr²h
h 30°
B 20 cm 1 1
r [r=
= cm
G C 12 24
L
2
1 ²
Volume of cylinder = π h
24
60° πh
R =
F D E 24 x 24
Consider ∆ABC & ∆ADE; πh
= cm³
h r l 576
= =
H R L As Volume of frustum must be equal to
h r volume of cylinder.
=
20 R
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243
 7000π πh = 8 π [ 400 + 64 + 160 ]
=
9 576 22
= 8 π [ 624 ] = 8 × × 624
7000 x 576 7
h = = 15689. 142 cm²
9
h = 448000 cm = 15. 689142 l
or Cost of milk per liter = ` 27
(Length of wire) h = 4480 m. Total cost = 15. 689142 × 27
= ` 423. 606
37. Length of pond = 80 m
Breadth of pond = 50 m
39. ① Volume of bucket = Volume of frustum
Let height of pound be 'h'
1
= πh (R² + r² + Rr)
So,Volume of pond = l × b × h 3
= 80 × 50 × h 1 22
= × × 24 (14² + 7² + 14 × 7)
= 4000 h m³ 3 7
Average displacement of water by a person 1 22
= × × 24 (196 + 49 + 98)
= 0. 04 m³ 3 7

For 500 persons, average displacement 1 22

= × × 24 (343)
3 7
= 500 × 0. 04
= 20 m³ = 8624 cm³

A. T. Q.,
② Slant height (l) = h2 + (R – r)2
Volume of pond = Average displacement by
500 persons = 242 + (14 – 7)2

4000 h = 20 = 576 + 49
20 1
h = = = 625
4000 200
= 25 cm
h = 0. 005 m
or Area of metal sheet = C. S. A of frustum
+ Area of base
(Rise in water level) h = 0. 5 cm.
= πl (R + r) + πr²

38. h = 24 cm = π [ 25(14 +7) + 7² ]

Lower end = r = 8 cm 22
= [ 25 (21) +49 ]
7
Upper end = R = 20 cm
22
πh = [ 525 +49 ]
Volume = (R² + r² + Rr) 7
3
24π 22
= [ (20)² + (8)² + (20) (8) ] = [ 574 ]
3 7

244 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 = 22 × 82 H r
=
2 10
= 1804 cm² H
1 r
40. = =
2 10
A
r = 5 cm
⇒ Volume of frustum = Volume of cone ABC
– Volume of cone ADE
H cm
D E 1 1 R ²H
= πR²H – π
3 3 4 2
R 10
Here, = = 5 cm
B C 2 2
10 cm
Volume of frustum of cone
h
Given that AD = DB = cm 1 1 H 175πH
2 = π (100) × H – π (25) =
Consider ∆ADE and ∆ABC 3 3 2 6
Volume of cone
∠ADE = ∠ABC = 90° 1 H 25πH
ADE = × π × 5² × =
∠BAC = ∠DAE = (Common) 3 2 6
By Angle - Angle similarity [ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC ] 25πH/6 1
Ratio of Volume = =
H/6 7
AD DE r
So, = = (r is radius of cone)
DB BC 10

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245
 Chapter

14 Statistics
Given the mode of the data is 8.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
As 8 and 5 occurred thrice, we have,
1. Mode is the most frequency value x = 8.
Option (c) is correct
2. Given,
 xi Observations ⇒ 5, 7, 10, 12, 2x – 8, 2x + 10, 35, 41,
2. X = 42, 50
n
1 + 2 + 3 +… + n Number of observations ⇒ 10
15 =
n
n(n +1) Mean of the data ⇒ 25
15n =
2 sum of observations
mean =
2 x 15 = n + 1 number of observations
n = 29 [ Substitute the values ]

Option (c) is correct 5+7+10+12+2x–8+2x+10+35+41+42+50

25 =
10
202 + 4x
3. Median Option (b) 25 =
10
25 × 10 = 202 + 4x
4. Median Option (a)
250 = 202 + 4x
5. Option (c) is correct 250 – 202 = 4x
48 = 4x
WORKSHEET 1 4x = 48
48
Section A x=
4
1. Arranging the given data in ascending order, we x = 12
get,
Therefore value of x = 12
4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, x
4 occurred twice 5. Step-by-step explanation:

5 occurred thrice 3 MEDIAN = MODE + 2 MEAN

6 occurred twice 3 MEDIAN = 15 + 2(30)
and 8 occurred thrice 3 MEDIAN = 15 + 60

246 ADDITIONALTM
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 3 MEDIAN = 75 13
= 12 + ×3
15
75
MEDIAN = = 12 + 2.6 = 14.6
3
MEDIAN = 25
10. We know that,

6. Ascending order 3Median = Mode + 2 Mean

0,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5,6 3 (21.2) – 21.4 = 2 Mean

2 occurred thrice 63.6 – 21.4 = 2 Mean

so 2 is the mode of the data. 42.2 = 2 Mean

Mean = 21.1
7. The first five odd Natural number are 1, 3, 5,
7, 9 11. Here, the class intervals are of unequal width.
If the class intervals are of unequal width the
1+3+5+7+9
Average = frequencies need not be adjusted to make the
5
class intervals equal.
25
=
5 Calculation of Median
8. Mean=sigma fixi divide by sigma fi Marks Number of CF
students (frequency)
Therefore
0 – 10 5 5
36 10 – 30 15 20
3 = 3p +
15 30 – 60 30 50
45 = 3p + 36 60 – 80 8 58
80 – 90 2 60
45 – 36 = 3p N = Σ f1 = 60
9 = 3p Here, N = 60
9 N
p= ∴ = 30
3 2
N
p=3 The cumulative frequency just greater than
2
= 30 is 50 and the corresponding class is 30 –
Section B 60. Hence, 30 – 60 is the median class.
9. Modal class = 12 - 15
∴ l = 30, f = 30, F = 20, h = 30
l = 12, f1 = 23, fo = 10, f2 = 21, h = 3 N
–F
2
Ê f1 - f 0 ˆ Now, Median = l + ×h
Mode = 1 + Á ˜ ×h f
Ë 2f1 - f 0 - f 2 ¯
30 – 20
⇒ Median = 30 + × 30 = 40
23 – 10 30
= 12 + ×3
46 – 10 – 21

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247
 14. 15.
x f fx No. of No. of
u = x1 – A
10 5 50 branches plants 1 f1u1
x1 – 4
15 10 150 (X1) (f1)
p 7 7p 2 49 –2 –98
25 8 200 3 43 –1 –43
30 2 60 4 57 0 0
N = 32 Σfx = 7p + 460 5 38 1 28
6 13 2 85
Given
N=200 Σf1u1= –77
Mean = 18.75
Average Number of branches per plant
Σfx
⇒ N = 18.75 Σf1u1
=A + N
7p + 460
⇒ = 18.75 –77
32 =4+
200
⇒ 7p + 460 = 18.75(32) 77
=4–
⇒ 7p + 460 = 600 200

⇒ 7p = 600 – 460 800 – 77

=
200
⇒ 7p = 140
= 3.615
140
⇒p =
7 = 3.62 (Approx)
⇒p = 20

16. Let the missing frequency be f, the assumed mean be A = 47.5 and h = 3.
Calculation of Mean

Class Mid - Values

fi di = xi – 47.5 u = xi – 47.5 fiui
Intervals xi i 3
40 – 43 41.5 31 –6 –2 –62
43 – 46 44.5 58 –3 –1 –58
46 – 49 47.5 60 0 0 0
49 – 52 50.5 f 3 1 f
52 – 55 53.5 27 6 2 54
N = Σfi =176 + f Σfiui = f – 66

We have, f – 66
⇒ 47.2 = 47.5 + 3 ×
176 + f
X = 42.7, A = 47.5 and h = 3
f – 66
1 ⇒ –0.3 = 3 ×
∴ X = A + h [ Σ fiui ] 176 + f
N

248 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 –1 f – 66
⇒ =
10 176 + f

⇒ –176 – f = 10f – 660

⇒ 11f = 484 ⇒ f = 44
Hence, the missing frequency is 44.

Section C
17. Let the assumed mean A = 50 and h = 20
Calculation of mean

Class Mid - Value Frequency xi – 50

ui = fi ui
Intervals (xi) (fi) 20
0 – 20 10 17 –2 – 34
20 – 40 30 f1 –1 – f1
40 – 60 50 32 0 0
60 – 80 70 f2 1 f2
80 – 100 90 19 2 38
Total Σfi = 68 + f1+ f2 Σfi ui = 4 – f1+ f2

We have, ∑fi = 120 [Given] ⇒ f1 = 28

⇒ 68 + fi + f2 = 120 Putting the value of f1 in equation (i), we get
⇒ fi + f2 = 52 ...(i) 28 + f2 = 52
Now, mean = 50 ⇒ f2 = 24
Σfiui Hence, the missing frequencies f1 is 28 and f2
⇒ X =A + h
Σfi is 24.
4 – f1 + f2 18.
⇒ 50 = 50 + 20 × No. of
120 Mid - Point
Marks Students fixi
4 – f1 + f2 (xi)
⇒ 50 = 50 + (fi)
6
1 – 10 20 5 100
4 – f1 + f2 10 – 20 24 15 360
⇒ 0= 20 – 30 40 25 1000
6
30 – 40 36 35 1260
⇒ f1 – f2 = 4 ...(ii) 40 – 50 20 45 900
From equation (i), and (ii), we get Total 140 3620

fi + f2 = 52
1i=l 3620
f1 – f2 = 4
_________
∴ Mean x =
n n
Σ fixi =
140
= 25. 86

2f1 = 56
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249
 19. Let the assumed mean A = 55 and h = 10

Marks Mid - Value Frequency x1 – 55 fi ui

u1 = 10
20 – 30 25 100 –3 –300
30 – 40 35 120 –2 –240
40 – 50 45 130 –1 –130
50 – 60 55 400 0 0
60 – 70 65 200 1 200
70 – 80 75 50 2 100
N-1000 Σfi u = –370
i

1 390 (145 – 2x)

We know that mean, x = A + h ( Σ fu) =
N i i 10 2
Now, we have 39 × 2 = 145 – 2x
N = Σ fi = 1000, h = 10, A = 55, Σ fiui = –370 78 – 145 = –2x
1
x = 55 + 10 [ × (–370) ] –67 = –2x
1000
= 55 – 3.7 x = 33.5
= 51.3 years Put value of x in equation (i)

20. 150 + x + y = 229 33.5 + y = 79

x + y = 79 y = 45.5

Median (M) = 46 21.

Total frequency = 229 Class Frequency Mid cf

Interval Point (x)
f = 65
0–6 4 3 4
cf = 42 + x
6 – 12 x 9 4+x
L = 40
12 – 18 5 15 9+x
C = 10
18 – 24 y 21 9+x+y
n 229
= 24 – 30 1 27 10+x+y
2 2 n
– cf)
(
Median (M) = 1 + 2 f ×C Total 20

229 Σf = 20
46 = 40 + ( – 42 – x) 65 × 10
2 x + y = 10 ...(i)
(229 – 84 – 2x)
(46 – 40) × 65 = × 10 Median is 14.4
2

250 ADDITIONALTM
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 So, Median class is 12 – 18 6x = 120 – 24 – 72
n
–c 6x = 120 – 96
Median = L + 2 f × w
6x = 24
20
– (4 + x) x=4
2
So, 14.4 = 12 + ×6
5 From equation (i)
14.4 × 5 = 60 + (10 – 4 – x) × 6
4 + y = 10 ⇒ y = 6
72 = 60 + 60 – 24 – 6x

22. The given frequency distribution is not continuous. So, we first make it continuous and prepare the
cumulative frequency distribution as under.

Age Frequency Age Less than Cumulative

(in year) Frequency

– 0.5 – 9.5 5 9.5 5

9.5 – 19.5 15 19.5 20

19.5 – 29.5 20 29.5 40

29.5 – 39.5 23 39.5 63

39.5 – 49.5 17 49.5 80

49.5 – 59.5 11 59.5 91

59.5 – 69.5 9 69.5 100

Now, we plot points (9.5, 5), (19.5), (29.5, 40), (39.5, 63), (49.5, 80), (59.5, 91) and (69.5, 100). and join
them by a free hand smooth curve to obtain the required ogive as shown in fig.1.
The cumulative frequency polygon is obtained by joining these points by line segments as shown fig.2.

(69.5, 100) (69.5, 100)

100 100
90 (59.5, 91) 90 (59.5, 91)
Number of person

Number of person

80 80
(49.5, 80) (49.5, 80)
70 70
60 (39.5, 63) 60 (39.5, 63)
50 50
40 (29.5, 40) 40 (29.5, 40)
30 30
20 (19.5, 20) 20 (19.5, 20)
10 (9.5, 5) 10 (9.5, 5)
-0.5 9.5 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 -0.5 9.5 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5
Age (in years) Age (in years)
Fig.1 Cumulative frequency curve Fig.2 Cumulative frequency polygon

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251
 23.

Daily Number of Cumulative

Income (In Rs.) workers (frequency) f1 frequency less than type

100-120 12 Less than 120 12=12

120-140 14 Less than 140 (12+14)=26

140-160 8 Less than 160 (26+8)=34

160-180 6 Less than 180 (34+6)=40

180-200 10 Less than 200 (40+10)=50

Total n = 50
n
n = 50 given = 25
2
On the graph, we will plot the points (120, 12), (140, 26), (160, 34), (180, 40), (200, 50).
y

50
(200, 50)
Number of Workers

40 (180, 40)
30 (160, 34)
(140, 26)
20

10 (120, 12)

x
120 140 160 180 200
Daily Income in Rupees
Section D
24.
Monthly Number of Cumulative
Consumption (in units) Consumer fi Frequency

65 – 85 4 4

85 – 105 5 9

105 – 125 13 22

125 – 145 20 42

145 – 165 14 56

165 – 185 8 64

185 – 205 4 68

Total n = 68
252 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n (ii) Modal class is (25 – 145) having maximum
n = 68 gives = 34
2 frequency fm = 20, f)1 – 13, f2 = 14, l = 125 and
So, we have the median class (125 – 145) h = 20

l = 125, n = 68, f = 20, cf = 22, h = 20 fm – f1

Mode = l + ×h
2fm – f1– f2
n
– cf
Median = l + 2 ×h
f 20 – 13 7 × 20
= 125 + × 20 = 125 +
40 – 13– 14 13
34 – 22
= 125 + × 20 = 137 units
–20 140
= 125 + = 125 + 10.76 = 135.76 units
13
(iii) n = 68, a = 135, h = 20, and Σfiui = 7
Monthly Number of Class mark xi – 135 fi × ui
Consumption (in units) Consumers xiui = 20
65 – 85 4 75 –3 –12

85 – 105 5 95 –2 –10

105 – 125 13 115 –1 –13

125 – 145 20 135 = a 0 0

145 – 165 14 155 1 14

165 – 185 8 175 2 16

185 – 205 4 195 3 12

Total n = 68 7
1 1
n = 68, a = 135, h = 20, and Σfiui = 7 Mean = a + h × × Σfiui = 135 + 20 × ×7
n 68
By step-deviation method, 35
= 135 + = 135 + 2.05 = 137.05 units
17
26. Prepare a table for less than type.

Rainfall No. of days Rainfall Cumulative Suitable

(in cm) (Less than) Frequency Points

0 – 10 22 10 22 (10, 22)

10 – 20 10 20 32 (20, 32)

20 – 30 8 30 40 (30, 40)

30 – 40 15 40 55 (40, 55)

40 – 50 5 50 60 (50, 60)

50 – 60 6 60 66 (60, 66)
Now, plot the less than ogive using suitable points.
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
253
 draw a line parallel to the x-axis cutting the
curve at Q. From this point Q, draw a line
80
parallel to the y-axis and meeting the x-axis at
70 (60, 66) the point R. The x-coordinate of R is 21.25.
60 (40, 55) (50, 60)
Number of Days

50
80
40 (30, 40)
(20, 32) 70 (60, 66)
30
(10, 22) 60 (40, 55) (50, 60)
20

Number of Days
50
10
40 Q (30, 40)
P
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 30 (20, 32)
Rainfall (in cm)
20 (10, 22)
Here, N = 66 10
R
N
∴ = 33 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2
Rainfall (in cm)
In order to find the median rainfall, we first
locate the point corresponding to 33rd day on Thus, the median rainfall is 21.25 cm.
the y-axis. Let the point be P. From this point
Let us now prepare a table for more than type.

Rainfall No. of days Rainfall Cumulative Suitable

(in cm) (More than) Frequency Points

0 – 10 22 0 66 (0, 66) (0, 66)

10 – 20 10 10 44 (10, 44)

20 – 30 8 20 34 (20, 34)

30 – 40 15 30 26 (30, 26)

40 – 50 5 40 11 (40, 11)

50 – 60 6 50 6 (50, 6)
Now, plot the more than ogive with suitable points.

80
70
(0, 66)
60
Number of Days

50 (10, 44)
40 (20, 34)
30 (30, 26)
20
(40, 11)
10 (50, 6)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
254 Rainfall (in cm) ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Here, N = 66 12 – 10
= 60 + × 10
N 2 × 12 – 10 – 6
∴ = 33
2 2
In order to find the median rainfall, we first = 60 +× 20 = 65
8
locate the point corresponding to 33rd day on Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
the y-axis. Let the point be P. From this point
draw a line parallel to the x-axis cutting the 65 = 3 × (61.6) – 2 Mean
curve at Q. From this point Q, draw a line
2 Mean = 184.8 – 65 = 58.68
parallel to the y-axis and meeting the x-axis at
the point R. The x-coordinate of R is 21.25. 119.8
Mean = = 59.9
2
Hence, Mean = 59.9, Mode = 65, Median = 61.6
80
28.
70
(0, 66) Number Number
60 of of xi fixi
Number of Days

50 (10, 44) Mangoes boxes

40 (20, 34)
P 50 – 52 15 51 765
30 Q
(30, 26)
20 53 – 55 110 54 5940
(40, 11)
10 (50, 6) 56 – 58 135 57 7695
R (21.25, 0)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 59 – 61 115 60 6900
Rainfall (in cm)
62 – 64 25 63 1575
Thus, the median rainfall is 21.25 cm.
Σfi=400 Σfixi=22875
N
27. N = 50 ⇒ = 25 Σf x 22875
2 x = Σi i = = 57.1875
fi 400
∴ Median class = 60 – 80
Hence, the mean number of mangoes kept in a
Here, l = 60, f = 12, F = 24, h = 20 packing box is 57.1875.
N 29.
–F
2 Class Mid Frequency
Median =l+ ×h
f Interval Value (F = Fi) VF
(V)
25 – 24
= 60 + × 20
12 0 – 20 10 17 170
1 185 20 – 40 30 f1 30 f1
= 60 + × 20 = = 61.6
12 3
40 – 60 50 f2 50 f2
Modal class = 60 – 80
60 – 80 70 f3 70 f3
l = 30, f = 12, f1 = 10, f2 = 6, h = 20
f – f1 80 – 100 90 19 1710
Mode = l + 2f – f – f × h SUM(VF)
1 2 SUM(F)
= Mean
= 120
= 50
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255
 1. 17 + f1 + f2 + f3 + 19 = 120 12 – f1
5= × 20
18 – f1
⇒ f1 + f2 + f3
12 – f1
= 120 – 36 = 84 1= ×4
18 – f1
⇒ f2 : f3 = 4 : 3
4(12 – f1)
1=
So, Let, f2 and f3 = 4k and 3k 18 – f1

⇒ f1 + 4k + 3k = 84 18 – f1 = 48 – 4f1
⇒ ⇒ f1 + 7k = 84 ...(i) –f1 + 4f1 = 48 – 18
2. 170 + 30f1 + 50f2 + 70f3 + 1710 3f1 = 30
= 50 × 120
f1 = 10
⇒ 170 + 30f1 + 50 × 4k + 70 × 3k + 1710
= 6000
WORKSHEET 2
⇒ 170 + 30f1 + 200k + 210k + 1710 = 6000
Section A
⇒ 30f1 + 410k = 4120
1. Given: Mean = 10.5
⇒ ⇒ 3f1 + 41k = 412 ...(ii)
Median = 9.6
⇒ ⇒ f1 + 7k = 84 ...(i)
To find: Mode
= 3 x equation (i) - equation (ii)
Solution:
⇒ 21k – 41k = 252 – 412
Empirical formula: Mode = 3median – 2mean
⇒ –20k = –160
Substitute the values
⇒ k=8
Mode = 3(9.6) – 2(10.5)
Substituting the value of k in equation (ii)
Mode = 28.8 – 21
⇒ f1 + 56 = 84
Mode = 7.8
⇒ f1 = 84 – 56
Hence the mode using empirical relation, when
⇒ f1 = 28
it is given that mean and median are 10.5 and
⇒ f2 = 4 × 8 = 32 9.6 respectively is 7.8.

⇒ f3 = 3 × 8 = 24 4. The total number of frequency (n) is 50.

Now, the median class will be the c. f. of the

f1 – f0 n
30. Mode = 1 + ×h corresponding class have a greater value of
2f1 – f0 – f2 2
12 – f1 th term.
65 = 60 + × 20
2(12) – f1 – 6 Therefore, the cf of the class greater than 25 is
12 – f1 30 – 40.
65 – 60 = × 20
24 – f1 – 6 Here, lower limit (l) = 30, class size (h) = 10,

256 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 n sum of 10 numbers
= 25, cumulative frequency of the preceding 10. = 12
2 10
class (cf) = 16, frequency of median class (f) = 10 sum of 10 numbers = 120

sum of 20 numbers
n =9
– cf 20
2
Now, median =l+ f ×h sum of 20 numbers = 180

(25 – 16) sum of 30 numbers

= 30 + × 10 Mean of 30 =
10 30
= 30 + 9 120 + 180
= = 10
= 39 30

Hence, the median is 39. Section B

5. Modal class of the distribution is the class which 12.
have the highest frequency (number of patients).
Marks No. of Mid fixi
The age group 10 – has the highest no. of patients Students point
(27) (fi) (xi)

So, 40 – 50 is the modal class and the lower limit 0 – 10 20 5 100

of this class is 40.
10 – 20 24 15 360

6. Step by step explanation: 20 – 30 40 25 1000

Number of observation = 50 30 – 40 36 35 1260

Mean of observation = 18 40 – 50 20 45 900

Let the sum of observation be = x 140 3620

x
Mean = = 18 1i=l 3620
50
If each observation is increased by 4, then;
∴ Mean x =
n n
Σ
fixi =
140
= 25. 86

4(x)
New Mean = =?
50 14. The values of the mean from the given data
From old mean; we get x = 50 × 18 = 900 are:

4(900) Fx = 30, 60, 75, 35k, 90

⇒ = New mean
50 When the frequencies are added we get:
⇒ New mean = 4(18) = 72
N = 15 + k
7. The intersection point of less than ogive and Thus, the total frequencies = 255 + 35k
fx
more than ogive, the x-coordinate is the median. Mean = Sigma
N
Median is 18. 35k
21.5k = 225 + +k
N

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
257
 When cross multiplied So, n = 9
th
9+1
67.5 = 13.5k Thus, Median = observation = 5th
2
k = 5 obs = 35

Now, if 25 is replaced by 52, we have

15. We know,
19, 30, 32, 35, 37, 48, 51, 52, 59
If the number of observation (n) is even
∴ Median = 37
Then,
n
1. First of all find the value at the position 17. We know that
2
n Σfixi
2. and find the value at the position +1 Mean = Σ
2 fi

3. now find the average of two value to get the 104+30+51+76+5p 2+100p+138
median. ⇒ = 18
8+2+3+4+5p+6
n n
th + + 1 th
2 2 399 + 5p2 + 100p
e.g, median = ⇒ = 18
2 23 + 5p

Given, 11, 12, 14, 18, (x + 2), (x + 4), 30, 32, 35, ⇒ 399 + 5p2 + 100p = 414 + 90p
41 are in ascending order.
⇒ 5p2 + 10p = 15
number of terms = 10 {even}
⇒ p2 + 2p = 3
n n So, p = 1 or p = 3
th + th
2 2+1
So, median = 2 Since, p is frequency t cannot be negative

So, p = 1
(5th + 6th)
24 =
2 18. x1 = 5 + 7 = 12

{(x + 2) + (x + 4)} x2 = 18 – 12 = 6
24 = 2
x3 = 18 + 5 = 23

24 = (x + 3) x4 = 30 – 23 = 7

x = 21
Ê f1 - f 0 ˆ
Hence, x = 21 19. Mode = L + Á ˜ h
Ë 2f1 - f 0 - f 2 ¯

16. Arranging data in ascending order, we have 15 – x

67 = 60 + 10
19, 25, 30, 32, 35, 48, 51, 59 30 – x – 12

258 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 15 – x ⇒ Ratio of boys to girls = 3 : 2
7= 10
18 – x
22.
7 15 – x
= CI Frequency
10 18 – x (Less than)

7(18 – x) = 10(15 – x) Less than 20 13

126 – 7x = 150 – 10x Less than 25 31

3x = 24 Less than 30 62

x=8 Less than 35 87

Less than 40 102

Section C
Less than 45 107
21. Let number of boys be x and number of girls
be y.
y
Average score of boys = 71
110 (45, 107)
⇒ Total score of boys = 71x
100 (40, 102)
Average score of girls = 73 90
(35, 87)
⇒ Total score of girls = 73y 80
70
∴ Total score of school = 71x + 73y ...(i) (30, 62)
60
Frequency

Average score of school = 71.8 50

40
Total score of school = 71.8 (x + y) ...(ii)
30 (25, 31)
From (i) and (ii), 20
10 (20, 13)
71x + 73y = 71.8 (x + y)
x
⇒ 71x + 73y = 71.8x + 71.8y 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Class Interval
⇒ 1.2y = 0.8x

⇒ 3y = 2x

x 3
⇒ =
y 2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
259
 23. Here class length h = 8, Assumed mean = 4

Class Frequency Mid Values (xi – a) fiui C. f.

xi xiui = h

0–8 10 8 –5 –50 10

8 – 16 12 12 –4 –48 22

16 – 24 8 20 –3 –24 30

24 – 32 25 28 –2 –50 55

32 – 40 15 36 –1 –15 70

40 – 48 11 44 0 0 81

48 – 56 21 52 1 21 102

56 – 64 30 60 2 60 132

64 – 72 22 68 3 66 154

Σfiui 11, C = 70
x =a+h ×h
Σfi
N
–C
–40 2
= 44 + 8 Median = l + f ×h
154
= 44 – 2.077 77 – 70
= 40 + ×8
x = 41.92 11
N = 40 + 5.09
Now, for median, N = 154, 2 = 77, the
= 45.09
median class will be 40-48, then 1 = 40, f =

24.

Class Interval Frequency Cumulative Frequency

0 – 10 2 2

10 – 20 3 5

20 – 30 x 5+x

30 – 40 6 11 + x

40 – 50 5 16 + x

50 – 60 3 19 + x

60 – 70 2 21 + x

Total frequency=21+x

260 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 ⇒ N = 21 + x y

N 21 + x 65 (46, 62)
⇒ = 60 (50, 60)
2 2
55 (55, 55)
So, CF corresponding to this is 11 + x 50
45
And class corresponds to this is 30 – 40

Number of teachers
40 (60, 39)
So, l = 30, F = 5 + x, f = 6, and h = 10 35

N 30 (65, 29)
–F 25
2
Median = l + f ×h 20
15
21 + x 10 (70, 9)
–5–x (75, 4)
2 5 Median 64
⇒ 35 = 30 + 6 × 10 (80, 1)
0 x
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
⇒x=5 Weight (in kg)

25. 26. Given that Mean = 63.5

Weight No. of teachers Σfixi

(in kg) (More than) Mean = Σ
fi

More than 45 62 2047.5 + 52.5x + 57.5y

63.5 =
More than 50 60 40

More than 55 55 2540 = 2047.5 + 52.5x + 57.5y

More than 60 39 52.5x + 57.5y = 492.5

More than 65 29 10.5x + 11.5y = 98.5

More than 70 9 2.1x + 2.3y = 19.7

More than 75 4 21x + 23y = 197 ...(i)

More than 80 1 Total cities are 40

n 62 31 + x + y = 40
Here, n = 62, then, = = 31
2 2 x + y = 9 ...(ii)

Now, we are going to draw horizontal line From (i) and (ii)
from 31 at y-axis. The point at which it
touches curve from their draw vertical line 21x + 23(9 – x) = 197
towards x-axis.
21x + 207 – 23x = 197
⇒ We got median = 64
–2x = –10

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
261
 x=5 Section D
By this way 29.

x+y=9 Marks Number Class fixi

obtains of mark
y=9–5 students (xi)
(fi)
y=4
25 – 35 7 30 210

27. f1 = 3 and f2 = 12 35 – 45 31 40 1240

Step by step explanation 45 – 55 33 50 1650

Mean = 65.6 55 – 65 17 60 1020

In continuous distribution, xi is the mid point 65 – 75 11 70 770

of the interval.
75 – 80 1 80 80
a+b
xi in [a, b] = 2 Σfi =100 Σfixi=4970
Σfixi
∑fi = 50 Mean = Σ
fi
4970
5 + 8 + f1 + 20 + f2 + 2 = 50 =
100

f1 + f2 = 15 (i) = 49.7

Thus, mean of the given data is 49.7.

∑xifi = 100 + 320 + 60f1 + 1600 + 100f2 + 240
Now, to find the median let us put the data in
the table given below:
= 2260 + 60f1 + 100f2
Class Frequency Cumulative
Σxifi (fi) frequency
Mean = Σ (cf)
fi
25 – 35 7 7
2260 + 60f1 + 100f2
65.5 = 50 35 – 45 31 38

45 – 55 33 71
60f1 + 100f2 = 1020
55 – 65 17 88

3f1 + 5f2 = 51 (ii) 65 – 75 11 99

75 – 80 1 100
Solving (i) and (ii) using elimination method,
Total N = Σfi =100
we get
N
f1 = 3 and f2 = 12 Now, N = 100 ⇒ 2 = 50

262 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 The cumulative frequency just greater than 50 x1 + 1 + x2 + 2 + x3 + 3 ... + xn + n
is 71 and the corresponding class is 45 – 55. y =
n
Thus, the median class is 45 – 55. x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
= n +
∴ l = 45, h = 10, N = 100, f = 33 and cf = 38. n
n(n – 1)
Now, N Since, 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = , we have
– cf 2
2 n(n – 1)
Median =1+ ×h
f 2
y =x+
n
50 – 38
= 45 + × 10 n(n – 1)
33 =x+
2
= 45 + 3.64 Using the Empirical Formula,

= 48.64 3Median = Mode + 2Mean

Thus, the median is 48.64 Mode + 2Mean

⇒ Median = 3
We know that,
Putting the value, we get
Mode = 3(Median) – 2(Mean)
7.88 + 2(8.32)
= 3 × 48.64 – 2 × 49.70 ⇒
3
= 145.92 – 99.4 7.88 + 16.64
⇒
= 46.52 3
24.52
Hence, Mean = 49.70, Median = 48.64 and ⇒
3
Mode = 46.52 8.173 (approx) = 8.17

31. To find Median we first need to arrange the

30. Let x1, x2, x3,...,xn be n observations.
data in increasing order:
Let x be the mean of the above observations.
4, 11, 29, 40, 46, 51
Then,
x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn Now, we can see that we have a pair of middle
x = numbers, so our answer will be their average
n
Now, add 1 to x1, 2 to x2, 3 to x3, ..., n to xn. 29 + 40 69
= 2 = = 34.5
Thus the new mean is 2

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
263
 Chapter

15 Probability
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
1. c) When two dices are thrown together, total P (Getting even number on both dices)
number of outcomes are:
Number of favouable outcomes
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) =
Total number of outcomes
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) Number of favourable outcomes
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) = (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (4, 2)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) (4, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (4, 6)
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) P (Getting even number on both dices)
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) 9 1
= =
P (Getting the same number) 36 4

Number of favouable outcomes 4. c) Number from 1 to 15 that are multiple of

=
Total number of outcomes 4 = 4, 8 , 12
6 1
= = 3 1
36 6 P (Multiple of 4) = =
15 5

2. d) Total Number of cards = 52 5. c) prime number from 1 to 30

Cards that are not ace = 48 = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
P (card not an arc) P (Prime number between 1 and 30)
Number of favouable outcomes 1
= 10
Total number of outcomes = =
30 3
48 12
= =
52 13
WORKSHEET 1
3. When two dices are rolled together, total
number of outcomes are: Section A
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) 1. If an event cannot occur, then its probability
is 0.
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) 2. Total number of face cards = 12 cards
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) Total number of red face cards = 6 cards

264 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 6 3 8. In a single throw of dice, total number of
P (red face cards) = = outcomes are 6 namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
52 26
Perfect squares = 1, 4
3. Total number of outcomes when a die is 2 1
thrown = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 P (Getting perfect square) = =
6 3
Odd number less than 3 = 1
1
Section B
P (odd number less than 3) =
6 9. When two coins are tossed together, total
number of outcomes are (H, H), (H,T), (T, H)
4. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, total
(T, T)
number of outcomes are (HHH), (HHT),
(HTH), (THH), (HTT), (THT), (TTT), (TTH) Outcomes for at least 1 head and 1 tail
Outcomes for at least two heads = (H, T), (T, H)
= (HHH), (HHT), (HTH), (THH) 2 1
P (at least 1 head and 1 tail) = =
4 2
4 1
P (atleast two heads) = =
8 2 10. Tickets are numbered from 1 to 20
5. A non-leap year has 365 days Multiples of 2 between 1 and 20
For 364 days, there are 52 weeks i.e. 52 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
Sundays
Multiples of 7 between 1 and 20 = 7, 14
For the remaining 1 day, only one Sunday can
exist. Outcomes which are multiple of 2 or 7

So, = 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20

11
P (Getting 53 Sundays in non – leap year) = P (multiples of 2 or 7) =
1 20
7
11. Number of red marble = 3
6. Number of aces in a deck of cards = 4 Number of blue marbles = 2
4 1
P (ace) = = Total number of marbles = 5
52 13
2
7. Given number = 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9 P (blue marble) =
5
Average of the given number 12 a) When a die is thrown, total number of
outcomes are 6 namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
3+5+5+7 +7 +9+9+9+9
=
9 Outcomes which are multiple of 3 = 3, 6
63
= =7 2 1
9 P (multiple of 3) = =
6 3
So, 7 comes two times in these numbers
b) Outcomes which are even number or a
2 multiple of 3 = 2, 3, 4, 6
Thus, P (selecting their average) =
9
ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
265
 P (even number or multiple of 3) Section C
4 2
= = 17. Word 'Assassination' has 6 vowels and 7
6 3
consonants
13. Let boys be B and girls be G 6 Vowels = { A, A, I, A, I, O }
outcomes can be BBB, GGG, BBG, BGB, 7 Consonants = { S, S, S, S, N, T, N }
GBB, GGB, GBG, BGG
6
1 i) P (vowels) =
then Probability of 3 girls = 13
8
7
1 ii) P (consonants) =
Probability of 0 girls = 13
8
3
Probability of 2 girls = 18. (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
8
3 (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
Probability of 1 girl =
8
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
14. No, the given statement is false and we do
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
want a higher chance of getting tail in the
4 th because every coin toss has an equal (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
probability of getting head and tail which is
1 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
2 Sum of number greater than 10 = (5, 6), (6, 5)
∴ There are equal chances of getting
head and tail in the 4th toss (6, 6)
3 1
15. Prizes available in 1000 tickets = 5 P (sum greater than 10) = =
26 12
5 1
P (winning a prize) = = 19. A leap year has 366 days in which there are
1000 200
52 weeks and 2 days
16. A number x is chosen from the numbers These 2 days can be filled as :
–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2 and 3.
{ Monday, Tuesday }
To find: Probability of getting |x| <2
{ Tuesday, Wednesday }
Total numbers are 7
{ Wednesday, Thursday }
Numbers x such that |x|<2 are –1, 0, 1
{ Thursday, Friday }
Total numbers x such |x|<2 are 3
{ Friday, Saturday }
We know that Probability =
{ Saturday, Sunday }
Number of favourable event
Total number of event 1
P (53 Sundays & 53 Mondays) =
Hence, the probability of getting a number x 7
3
such that |x|<2 is equal to 20. Total number of marbles = 225
7

266 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 Let 'x' marbles be green (6, 4) (6, 5), (6, 6)
2 9 1
Probability of green marbles = P (greater than 3 on each dice) = =
3 36 9
2 ② Getting a total of 6 or 7
P (green) =
3
= (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5),
x 2
=
225 3 (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2), (4, 3),
225 × 2 (5, 1), (5, 2), (6, 1)
x =
3
11
x = 75 × 2 P (total of 6 or 7) =
36
x = 150 green marbles
23. As king, queen & jack clubs are removed
Number of blue marbles = 225 – 150
from the deck of cards, total number of
= 75 blue marbles cards becomes 49.
a) Heart,
21. a) Total number of cards = (60 – 13) + 1
Number of cards (Heart) = 13
= 48 cards
13
Cards divisible by 5 = 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, P (heart) =
49
45, 50, 55, 60
b) Queen,
10 5
P (disible by 5) = = Number of cards (queen) = 3
48 24
b) Cards which are perfect square = 16, 25, 36, 49 3
P (queen) =
49
4 1 c) Clubs
P (perfect square) = =
48 12
Number of cards (clubs) = 10
22. When two dices are thrown, the total 10
number of outcomes are : P (clubs) =
49
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
24. Given card number are from 1 to 20
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
① Number divisible by 2 or 3
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
= 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
13
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) P (divisible by 2 or 3) =
20
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) ② Prime number between 1 and 20
Getting a number greater than 3 on each = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
dice
= (4, 4) (4, 5), (4, 6) 8 2
P (prime numbers) = =
20 5
(5, 4) (5, 5), (5, 6)

ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
267
 Section D 21
P (odd number) =
41
25. Total number of red face cards = 6
b) Perfect square numbers = 9, 16, 25, 36
When red face cards are removed, the
total number of cards now becomes 46. 4
P (perfect square) =
41
① A red card c) Multiples of 5 = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
Total number of remaining red cards = 20 40, 45

20 10 9
P (red card) = = P (multiple of 5) =
46 23 41
② A face card 28. Cards are numbered as 3, 5, 7, _ _ _ _ 37.
Total number of remaining face cards Total number of cards = 19
= 12 – 6 = 6 Prime numbered cards = 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
6 3 17, 23, 29, 31, 37.
P (face card) = = 11
46 23 P (prime numbers) =
③ A red card 19

Total number of remaining clubs cards = 13 29. a) No. of red or white balls in bag is 13 (5 red
13 and 8 white)
P (clubs) =
46 Therefore, 13C1 (selecting 1 out of 13 items)
times out of 20C1 (selecting 1 out of 20 items)
26 When a dice is thrown two times, total a red or white ball is picked.
number of outcomes are :
Let, E be the event of drawing a red or white
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) ball from bag
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) We know that, Probability P(E)
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (Number of favourable outcomes)
=
(Total number of possible outcomes)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
13
C1 13
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) = =
20
C1 20
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
b) No. of non-black balls in bag is 13 (5 red and
25 8 white)
① P (5 will not come either time) =
36 Therefore, 13C1 (selecting 1 out of 13 items)
10 5 times out of 20C1 (selecting 1 out of 20 items)
② P (5 will come exactly once) = =
36 18 a non-black ball is picked.

27. Total number of cards = (45 – 5) + 1 = 41 Let, E be the event of drawing a non-black
ball from bag
a) Odd number cards = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17,
19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, We know that, Probability P(E)
31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, (Number of favourable outcomes)
43, 45 =
(Total number of possible outcomes)
268 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 13
C1 13 10 2
= = 4+6
20
C1 d) P (red or white) = = =
20 15 15 3
c) No. of neither black nor white balls in bag is
32. a) Total number of cards = 52
13 (5 red balls)
Number of black kings = 2
Therefore, 5C1 (selecting 1 out of 5 items)
times out of 20C1 (selecting 1 out of 20 items) 2 1
a neither white nor black ball is picked. P (black king) = =
52 26
Let, E be the event of drawing a neither white b) Cards which are neither red nor or queen
nor black ball from bag = 24
We know that, Probability P(E) 24 6
P (neither red nor queen) = =
(Number of favourable outcomes) 52 13
= c) Cards which are neither king nor queen = 44
(Total number of possible outcomes)
5
C1 5 1 44 11
= = = P (neither king nor queen) = =
20
C1 20 4 52 13
d) Cards which are either black or a king = 28
1
30. a) P (queen) = 28 7
5 P (neither a black card or a king) = =
Number of aces 1 52 13
b) i) P (Ace) = =
Total number of cards 4
ii) P (king) WORKSHEET 2
Number of Kings in sec ond draw
= Section A
Total number of cards in sec ond draw
1. Total number of discs = 90
0
= =0
4 Prime number less than 23 = 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11,
13, 17, 19
31. Number of red balls = 4
8 4
P (prime number less than 23) = =
Number of black balls = 5 90 45
Number of white balls = 6
2. If two dice are thrown together, the total
Total number of balls = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15 number of outcomes are :

6 2 (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
a) P (white) = =
15 5 (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
4
b) P (red) = (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
15
c) P (not black) = P (red and white) (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)

2 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
4+6 10
= = =
15 15 3 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

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 9 1 combination,
P (even number on both dice) = =
36 4 = (9) (10)

3. Let B be Boy and G be Girl = 90

Total number of outcomes = GGG, GGB, Now the possible combination which makes
GBB, a
an integer without replacement are:
b
GBG, BBB, BBG, BGB, BGG
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4 6 6 8 8
Favourable outcomes for at least 1 boy = 7 = , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 4
Total number of outcomes = 8 9 10 10
, ,
3 2 5
7
P (at least 1 boy) = = 17
8
a
Therefore the probability that is an
4. Cards are numbered from 1 to 25 b
integer,
Total number of outcomes = 25 a
Possible combination which an integer
Cards divisible by both 2 and 3 = 6, 12, 18, 24 b
=
a
4 Total Possible combination of
P (divisible by both 2 and 5) = b
25 17
=
90
5. S = {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
n(S) = 7 7. Number of red balls = 5

Let A be the event that getting number less Number of green balls = 8
than 2 Number of white balls = 7
A = {– 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1} Total of white balls = 5 + 8 + 7 = 20
n (A) = 5 P (getting a white balls or green balls)
5
Required probability = 8+7
7 =
20
6. We have a set of natural numbers from 1 to 15 3
10 where a and b are two variables which = =
20 4
can take values from 1 to 10.

So, total number of possible combination of 8. When a dice is thrown once, the total
a number of outcomes is 6.
a and b so that is a fraction without
2 2 1
replacement are: P (number less than 3) = =
6 3
1 1 1 1
, , , ... 9. Total number of alphabets = 26
2 3 4 10
Similarly we have 9 such sets of 10 Number of consonants = 21
elements each. So total number of possible
Number of vowels = 5
270 ADDITIONALTM
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 21 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
P (consonants) =
26 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)

10. Probability of two students not having the (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
same birthday = P (B') = 0. 992 a) Outcomes for number on each dice
Probability of two students having the same = { 2, 2 }, { 2, 4 }, { 2, 6 },
birthday = P (B') = 1 – P (B') { 4, 2 }, { 4, 4 }, { 4, 6 },
= 1 – 0. 992 { 6, 2 }, { 6, 4 }, { 6, 6 }
= 0. 008 9 1
P (both numbers are even) = =
36 4
Section B b) Outcomes for sum on two dices is 5
4 1
11. Total number = – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 P (sum on two dices is 5) = =
36 9
Number whose square is less than or equal
to 1 14. When two dices are rolled simultaneously,
total number of outcomes are :
i) (–1)² = 1
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
ii) (0)² = 0
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
iii) (1)² = 1
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)
3
P (square is less than or equal to 1) = (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
7

12. S = { ( T, T), (T, H), (H, H), (H, T) } (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)

n (S) = 4 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

Let A be the event of getting at least on tail Outcomes for sum on the two dices is 10

A = { (T, H), (H,T), (T, T) } = (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4)

n (A) = 3 3 1
P (sum on the two dice is 10) = =
n (A) 3 36 12
P (A) = =
n (S) 4
15. Total number of outcomes without
3 replacement
P (A) =
4
= 10 × 9 = 90
13. When two dice are tossed together, total a
number of outcomes are : For a = 1, b = 2, 3, 4, . . . . 10; not an integer
b
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) For a = 2, b = 1, 3, 4, . . . . 10; (a = 2, b = 1)

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) For a = 3, b = 1, 2, 4, 5, . . . 10; (a = 3, b = 1)

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) For a = 4, b = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, .. 10; (a = 4, b = 1)
&

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 (a = 4, b = 2) 18. Cards are number from 1 to 20
For a = 5, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, . . . 10; (a = 5, b = 1) Number which are multiples of 3 or 7
For a = 6, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, .10; (a = 6, b = 1) = 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18
& (a = 6, b = 2) & (a = 6, b = 3) 8 2
P (multiple of 3 or 7) = =
20 5
For a = 7, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 (a = 7, b = 1)
For a = 8, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,10; (a = 6, b = 1) 19. a) Total number of cards = 52
& (a = 8, b = 2) & (a = 8, b = 4) Total number of red king = 2
For a = 9, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10; (a = 9, b = 1) 2 1
& (a = 9, b = 3) P (red king) = =
52 26
For a = 10, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; (a = 10, b =
b) Total number of queen = 4
1) & (a = 10, b = 2) & (a = 10, b
= 5) Total number of jack = 4
Total number of cases = 17 4+4 8 2
P (queen or jack) = = =
[ (2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1), (6, 1), (6, 2), 52 52 13

(6, 3), (7, 1), (8, 1), (8, 2), (8, 4), (9, 1), 20. Total number of red cards = 100
(9, 3), (10, 1), (10, 2), (10, 5) ] Total number of yellow cards = 200
a 17 Total number of blue cards = 50
P( is an integer) =
b 90
Total number of cards = 100 + 200 + 50 =
350
16. When three coins are tossed simultaneously,
the total outcomes are : 50 1
a) P (blue card) = =
(H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H), 350 7
(T T T), (T T H), (T H T), (H T T) b) P (not a yellow card) = P (red and blue
card)
Outcomes for exactly 2 heads 100 + 50 150 3
= = =
= (H H T), (H T H), (T H H) 350 350 7

3 c) P (neither yellow nor blue card) = P (red

P (exactly 2 heads) = card)
8
100 2
= =
17. No. of cards left = 52 – 3 = 49 350 7

No. of cards of spade left = 13 – 3 = 10 No. of

black cards left = 13 + 10 = 23 [ Spade is of Section C
black colour]
21. When two dices are throw together, the
Total no. of ways to draw a card = 49 No. of total number of outcomes are :
ways to draw a black card = 23
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6)
23
∴ Required probability = (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)
49

272 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) = (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) P (getting a total of 6 or 7 on both dice)
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) 5+6 11
= =
36 36
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)
a) Outcomes for prime number on each dice 23. Total number of shirts = 100
= (3, 1), (3, 5) (5, 2) Shirts which are good = 88
Shirts with minor defects = 8
(5, 2), (5, 5), (3, 3)
Shirts with major defects = 4
(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5)
a) P (Ramesh buys the selected shirt)
9 1
P (prime number on each dice) = = Number of good shirts 88 22
36 4 = = =
b) Outcomes for total of 9 Total number of shirts 100 25

= (3, 6) (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3) b) P (Kewal buys the selected shirt)

Outcomes for total of 11 = (5, 6) (6, 5) Number of good shirts

+ shirts with min or defects 88 + 8
4+2 6 1 = =
P (total of 9 or 11) = = = Total number of shirts 100
36 36 6
96 24
= =
22. When two dices are thrown together, the 100 25
total number of outcomes are :
24. When three coins are tossed together, the
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) total number of outcomes are :

(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H),

(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (T T T), (T T H), (T H T), (H T T)

(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) a) Outcomes for exactly two heads

(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) = (H H T), (H T H), (T H H)

(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) 3
P (at least two heads) =
8
a) Outcomes for a number greater than 3 on
b) Outcomes for at least two heads
each dice = (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6)
= (H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H)
(5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6)
4 1
(6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) P (at least to heads) = =
8 2
P (number greater than 3 on each dice) c) Outcomes for at least to tails
9 1 = (T T T), (T T H), (T H T), (H T T)
=
=
36 4
4 1
b) Outcomes for getting a total of 6 on both P (at least two tails) = =
dice 8 2

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273
 25. Total number of cards = 52 = P (A) = (H H H), (T T T)
Total number of jack, king = 2 + 2 + 2 2
P (A) =
8
And queen of red colour = 6
P (Ramesh lossing the game) = 1 – P (A)
After removing these 6 cards, the total
number of cards become 52 – 2 = 46 2 6 3
=1– = =
8 8 4
a) A black king
Total number of black kings = 2 28. Eight equal parts of the game are numbered
as
2 1
P (black king) = = = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
46 23
b) A card of red colour a) An odd number
Number remaining red cards = 26 – 6 = 20 Outcomes for odd number = 1, 3, 5, 7

20 10 4 1
P (red cards) = = P (odd number) = =
46 23 8 2
c) A card of black colour b) A number greater than 3

Number of black cards = 26 Outcomes for number greater than 3

26 13 = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
P (black king) = =
46 23 5
P (number greater than 3) =
8
26. Cards are number from 1 to 100 c) A number less than 9
Number divisible by 9 and is a perfect Outcomes for number less than 9
square
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
= 36, 81
8
a) P (divisible by 9 and a perfect square) P (number less than 9) = =1
8
2 1
= = 29. A number ' x ' can be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4
100 50
b) Prime number greater than 80 = 83, 89, 97 A number ' y ' can be selected from 1, 3, 9 and 16
3 Total number of Outcomes = 4 × 4 = 16
P (prime number greater than 80) =
100
Cases for product ' x y ' to be less than 16 :
27. When a coin tossed 3 times, the total 1) (1, 1) =1×1=1
number of outcomes are :
(H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H), 2) (1, 3) =1×3=3

(T T T), (T T H), (T H T), (H T T) 3) (1, 9) =1×9=9

Ramesh wins if all the tosses show same 4) (2, 1) =2×1=2

result
5) (2, 3) =2×3=6

274 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 6) (3, 1) =3×1=3 5
P (O) =
7) (3, 3) =3×3=9 12

8) (4, 1) =4×1=4 Let there be ' n ' balls in a jar.

9) (4, 3) = 4 × 3 = 12 So,

9 5
P ( product of x and y less than 16) = P (O) =
16 12

30. When three coins are tossed together, the 5

× n = 10
total number of outcomes are : 12

(H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H), 10 ×12

n =
5
(T T T), (T T H), (T H T), (H T T)
1) Outcomes for at least 2 head n = 24 balls

= (H H H), (H H T), (H T H), (T H H) 1

P (B) =
4 1 3
P (at least to heads) =
= 1
8 2 × 24 = 8 balls which are blue in colour
2) Outcomes for at most 2 head 3
∴ 8 blue balls are present in the jar.
= (H H T), (H T H), (T H H), (T T H),
(T H T), (H T T), (T T T) 32. Total number of balls in a bag = 18 balls
7 Total number of red balls = x
P (at most 2 heads) =
8
Total number of balls which are not red

Section D = 18 – x

1 18 – x
31. Probability of selecting red balls P (R) = 1) P (ball is not red) =
4 18
1 x
Probability of selecting blue balls P (B) = 2) P (ball is red) =
3 18
Probability of selecting orange balls P (O) As 2 red balls are further added in the bag,
Total number of red balls = x + 2
 1 1
=1–  + 
 4 3 Total number of balls in the bag = 18 + 2
= 20
7
=1–
12 x+2
P (red ball) =
12 – 7 20
=1–
12 9 x ( x − 2)
A. T. Q., = × =
5 8 18 20
=1–
12 x x+2
=
16 20

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275
 20 x = 16 x + 32 4) Number of king = 4
4 x = 32 Number of queen = 4
x = 8 balls 4+4
p (Either a king or a queen) =
52
∴ Initial number of red balls = 8
8 2
= =
52 13
33. Cards are numbered from 1 to 25
1) Outcomes for number divisible by 3 or 5 35. Total number of cards = 49

= 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25 Total number of outcomes = 49

12 1) Odd number
P (numbers divisible by 3 or 5) =
25 Favourable outcomes = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15,
2) Outcomes for a perfect square number 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 37, 39, 41, 43,
45, 47, 49
= 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
Number of Favourable outcomes = 25
5 1
P (perfect square number) = = No. of favourable outcomes
25 5 Probability (E) =
Total number of outcomes
34. 1) Total number of cards = 52
25
=
Total number of spared = 13 49
2) A multiple of 5
Total number of aces excluding spades = 3
Favourable outcomes = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,
13 + 3 16 4
P ( spade or ace) = = = 35, 40, 45
52 52 13
Number of Favourable outcomes = 9
2 1
2) P (black king) = = No. of favourable outcomes
52 26 Probability (E) =
Total number of outcomes
3) Total number of jack = 4
9
Total number of king = 4 =
49
4+4 3) A perfect square
P (Either jack or king) = P (J) =
52 Favourable outcomes = 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49
8 2
= = Number of Favourable outcomes = 7
52 13
P (neither jack noe king) = 1 – P (J) No. of favourable outcomes
Probability (E) =
Total number of outcomes
2
=1– 7 7
13 = =
49 1
13 − 2 4) An even prime number
=
13
Favourable outcomes = 2
11
= Number of Favourable outcomes = 1
13

276 ADDITIONALTM
PR ACTICE MATHEMATICS - 10
 No. of favourable outcomes 37. Total number of persons = 12
Probability (E) =
Total number of outcomes
Number of persons who are extremely
1 patient = 3
=
49
Number of persons who are extremely
36. Throwing a die twice and throwing two honest = 6
dice simultaneously are treated as the same Number of persons who are extremely
experiment. kind
Sample space = { (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), = 12 – (3 + 6)
(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5),
(2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), = 12 – 9
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1),
(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), =3
(6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) } 3
a) P (person who is extremely patient) =
12
(i) P (5 will not come up either time) = 1
Number of times 5 does not show =
4
divided by total number of outcomes
25 b) P (persons who are extremely kind or
P(5 will not come up either time) = honest)
36
(ii) P (5 will come up at least once) = Number 3+6
=
of times 5 shows up at least once 12
divided by total number of outcomes 9
11 =
P (5 will come up at least once) = 12
36
3
=
4

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