Verb Tenses

Verb Tense Formation Usage Examples

Present Subject + base Habits, routines, general truths and She reads books every day.
Simple form of the verb facts, instructions, and directions They play football on weekends.
Subject + auxiliary Actions happening now or around the He is reading a book right now.
Present verb + present present moment, temporary situations, They are playing football at the
Continuous participle future plans park.
Actions or events starting in the past
Subject + auxiliary and continuing into the present,
Present verb + past experiences with a result in the present, She has finished her homework.
Perfect participle just finished actions still relevant They have eaten dinner already.
Actions starting in the past, continuing
Present Subject + into the present, and expected to He has been studying for hours.
Perfect have/has been + continue into the future, emphasizing They have been waiting for you
Continuous present participle the duration of continuous actions since morning.
Actions that happened at a specific
Subject + past time in the past, completed actions, She read a book yesterday.
Past Simple form of the verb past habits or routines They played football last weekend.
Subject + past Actions ongoing at a specific moment He was reading a book when I
Past form of "to be" + in the past, actions interrupted by called. They were playing football
Continuous present participle another event when it started raining.
Actions happening before another
action or point in the past, completed She had finished her homework
Subject + had + actions before a specific time in the before dinner. They had already
Past Perfect past participle past left when I arrived.
Actions ongoing for a period before
another action or point in the past, He had been studying for hours
Subject + had emphasizing the duration of before the exam. They had been
Past Perfect been + present continuous actions before a specific waiting for you for a long time
Continuous participle time or event before they left.
Subject + will + Predictions, assumptions about the She will read a book tomorrow.
Future Simple base form of the future, spontaneous decisions, offers, They will play football next
(will) verb promises weekend.
Subject + will + Actions ongoing at a specific time in He will be studying when you
Future be + present the future, emphasizing the duration of arrive. They will be playing football
Continuous participle continuous actions in the future at 3 o'clock tomorrow.
Actions completed before a specific She will have finished her
Subject + will + time or event in the future, homework by the time you come
have + past emphasizing completion before home. They will have eaten dinner
Future Perfect participle another action or point in the future before the movie starts.
Actions ongoing for a period before a He will have been studying for five
Subject + will + specific time or event in the future, hours by the time the exam starts.
Future Perfect have been + emphasizing the duration of continuous They will have been waiting for you
Continuous present participle actions before a specific time or event for two hours when you arrive.
 Present Tenses
Present Simple Tense

Formation:

• Affirmative: Subject + base form of the verb (e.g., I play)

Usage:

• Used for habitual actions (I go to school every day.)

• Used for general truths (The sun rises in the east.)

• Used for scheduled events in the future (The train leaves at 6 PM.)

Examples:

1. She sings beautifully.

2. They don't like spicy food.

3. Does he speak French?

4. We play soccer every Sunday.

5. The Earth orbits the Sun.

6. He doesn't drink coffee.

7. Do you need help?

8. Cats sleep a lot during the day.

9. She always arrives late.

10. He knows how to play the guitar.

Present Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + to be (am/is/are) + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I am playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions happening at the moment of speaking (I am watching TV right now.)

• Used for temporary actions or situations (She is studying for her exams this week.)

• Used for future arrangements (We are meeting at the café tomorrow.)

Examples:

1. He is eating lunch.

2. They are playing football.

3. She is reading a book.

4. We are studying for the test.

5. I am writing an email.
 6. The baby is sleeping peacefully.

7. They are having a party tonight.

8. The chef is cooking dinner.

9. She is listening to music.

10. He is talking on the phone.

Present Perfect Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + have/has + past participle (e.g., I have played)

Usage:

• Used for actions that started in the past and continue into the present (I have lived here for ten years.)

• Used for actions that have occurred at an indefinite time in the past (She has visited Paris.)

• Used for experiences in someone's life (I have never ridden a horse.)

Examples:

1. She has finished her homework.

2. They have traveled to many countries.

3. He has lost his keys.

4. We have eaten at this restaurant before.

5. I have seen that movie.

6. She has worked at that company for five years.

7. They have already left.

8. He has written three books.

9. She has broken her phone.

10. We have met before.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + have/has been + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I have been playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions that started in the past, continue into the present, and may continue into the future (She
has been studying all day.)

• Used for actions that have recently stopped or have a visible result in the present (It has been raining, so
the ground is wet.)

• Used to emphasize the duration of an action (He has been waiting for you for two hours.)

Examples:

1. She has been working on this project for weeks.

2. They have been playing tennis since morning.

 3. He has been practicing the piano for hours.

4. We have been waiting for the bus for a long time.

5. I have been learning Spanish for a year.

6. She has been cooking dinner for the family.

7. They have been watching movies all day.

8. He has been running marathons for years.

9. She has been studying English grammar.

10. We have been traveling around Europe for months.

Past Tenses

Past Simple Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + past form of the verb (e.g., I played)

Usage:

• Used for actions that happened at a specific time in the past (I visited Paris last summer.)

• Used for actions that were completed in the past (She finished her homework yesterday.)

• Used for past habits or routines (He always walked to school.)

Examples:

1. She traveled to Japan last year.

2. They finished their work before dinner.

3. He bought a new car yesterday.

4. We visited the museum on Saturday.

5. I graduated from university in 2010.

6. She cooked dinner for her family last night.

7. They went to the beach last summer.

8. He played basketball with his friends.

9. She watched a movie with her friends.

10. We ate dinner at a restaurant last night.

Past Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + was/were + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I was playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions that were ongoing at a specific time in the past (She was studying when I called.)
 • Used for actions that were happening simultaneously in the past (While I was cooking, he was cleaning.)

• Used for actions interrupted by another action in the past (I was reading when the phone rang.)

Examples:

1. She was sleeping when you called.

2. They were studying for the exam all night.

3. He was working on his project when the lights went out.

4. We were playing basketball when it started raining.

5. I was watching TV while she was cooking dinner.

6. She was driving to work when her car broke down.

7. They were talking on the phone when the doorbell rang.

8. He was listening to music while he was jogging.

9. She was reading a book while waiting for the train.

10. We were walking in the park when it started to snow.

Past Perfect Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + had + past participle (e.g., I had played)

Usage:

• Used for actions that happened before another action in the past (She had already eaten when I arrived.)

• Used for actions that were completed before a certain point in the past (By the time we got there, they had
left.)

• Used for actions in reported speech (She said she had never been to Paris.)

Examples:

1. She had finished her work before the meeting started.

2. They had already left when we arrived.

3. He had completed his homework before going to bed.

4. We had already booked the tickets before the prices increased.

5. I had read the book before watching the movie.

6. She had cooked dinner by the time her guests arrived.

7. They had already eaten when we invited them for dinner.

8. He had visited the museum before it closed.

9. She had packed her bags before leaving for the trip.

10. We had finished our project before the deadline.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + had been + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I had been playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions that had been ongoing for a period of time before another action in the past (She had been
studying for hours before the exam.)

• Used to emphasize the duration of an action that occurred before a specific point in the past (He had been
working at the company for five years before he quit.)

Examples:

1. She had been waiting for the bus for an hour when it finally arrived.

2. They had been living in the city for ten years before they moved to the countryside.

3. He had been playing the guitar since he was a child.

4. We had been studying English for months before we took the proficiency test.

5. I had been working on the project all night before I realized it was due the next day.

6. She had been saving money for years before she could afford to buy a house.

7. They had been traveling around the world for years before they settled down.

8. He had been practicing meditation every day before he noticed any significant changes.

9. She had been searching for her lost keys for hours before she found them.

10. We had been planning the party for weeks before we sent out the invitations.

Future Tenses

Future Simple (will) Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + will + base form of the verb (e.g., I will play)

Usage:

• Used for predictions or future events without prior planning (It will rain tomorrow.)

• Used for promises or offers (I will help you with your homework.)

• Used for spontaneous decisions (I will buy that dress.)

Examples:

1. She will graduate next year.

2. They will travel to Europe in the summer.

3. He will start his new job next month.

4. We will have dinner at that new restaurant tonight.

5. I will call you as soon as I finish work.

6. She will meet us at the airport.

 7. They will buy a new house next year.

8. He will learn to play the piano.

9. She will finish her book by the end of the week.

10. We will go on vacation next month.

Future Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + will be + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I will be playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions that will be ongoing at a specific time in the future (I will be studying at 8 PM tomorrow.)

• Used for actions that are expected to happen over a period of time in the future (She will be working on the
project all week.)

• Used to ask politely about someone's plans or arrangements (Will you be attending the meeting
tomorrow?)

Examples:

1. She will be cooking dinner when you arrive.

2. They will be traveling to New York next month.

3. He will be giving a presentation at the conference tomorrow.

4. We will be celebrating his birthday next weekend.

5. I will be attending the seminar all day.

6. She will be waiting for you at the station.

7. They will be studying for their exams all week.

8. He will be working on his thesis during the summer break.

9. She will be practicing the piano for her recital.

10. We will be renovating our house next year.

Future Perfect Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + will have + past participle (e.g., I will have played)

Usage:

• Used for actions that will be completed before a specific time or event in the future (I will have finished my
work by the time you arrive.)

• Used to express an assumption about something that will have happened in the future (He will have left for
his trip by now.)

Examples:

1. She will have graduated by the time her parents arrive.

2. They will have completed the project before the deadline.

 3. He will have saved enough money to buy a car by next year.

4. We will have booked our tickets before the prices go up.

5. I will have finished reading the book by the end of the week.

6. She will have prepared dinner by the time we get home.

7. They will have moved to their new house by the time the baby arrives.

8. He will have learned to speak French fluently by the end of the year.

9. She will have written her novel by the time she turns thirty.

10. We will have finished our meal before the movie starts.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Formation (Affirmative): Subject + will have been + present participle (verb + ing) (e.g., I will have been playing)

Usage:

• Used for actions that will have been ongoing for a period of time before a specific time or event in the future
(I will have been studying for two hours by the time you arrive.)

• Used to emphasize the duration of an action that will have been happening up to a certain point in the
future (He will have been working at the company for ten years by next month.)

Examples:

1. She will have been waiting for the bus for thirty minutes by the time it arrives.

2. They will have been living in the city for five years by the time they move.

3. He will have been practicing the guitar for hours by the time the concert starts.

4. We will have been working on the project for weeks by the time it is due.

5. I will have been studying English for years by the time I take the proficiency test.

6. She will have been saving money for months by the time she can afford to buy a car.

7. They will have been traveling around the world for months by the time they return home.

8. He will have been waiting for her at the restaurant for an hour by the time she arrives.

9. She will have been searching for her lost keys for days by the time she finds them.

10. We will have been planning the party for weeks by the time it happens.
 1. Tricky Cases:
Past Simple:

• Usage: Past Simple is used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a specific
point in the past. It often indicates a finished time period.

• Formation: Subject + past form of the verb.

• Example: "She visited her grandmother yesterday."

2. Present Perfect:

• Usage: Present Perfect is used to describe actions or events that have a connection to the present,
either because they happened recently or because they have an impact on the present moment.

• Formation: Subject + have/has + past participle.

• Example: "She has visited her grandmother many times."

3. Past Perfect:

• Usage: Past Perfect is used to describe actions or events that happened before another action or
event in the past. It establishes a sequence of events, indicating which action happened first.

• Formation: Subject + had + past participle.

• Example: "She had already visited her grandmother before she got sick."

Comparison and Differentiation:

1. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect:

• Timing: Past Simple focuses on actions or events that occurred at a specific time in the past, often
with a clear endpoint. Present Perfect, on the other hand, focuses on actions or events that have
relevance to the present moment, whether they happened recently or have ongoing consequences.

• Example: "She visited her grandmother yesterday." (Past Simple) vs. "She has visited her
grandmother many times." (Present Perfect)

• Key Words: Past Simple often uses time expressions like "yesterday," "last week," or "in 1999," while
Present Perfect often uses time expressions like "recently," "already," or "ever."

2. Past Simple vs. Past Perfect:

• Sequence of Events: Past Simple describes actions or events in the past without indicating their
relationship to other past actions. Past Perfect, however, is used to show that one action happened
before another action in the past.

• Example: "She visited her grandmother yesterday, but she had already visited her grandmother
before she got sick."

• Key Words: Past Perfect often uses words like "before," "already," or "by the time" to indicate the
sequence of events.

3. Present Perfect vs. Past Perfect:

 • Connection to the Present: Present Perfect indicates a connection to the present moment, either
because the action happened recently or because it has relevance to the present. Past Perfect, on
the other hand, is strictly concerned with past events and their sequence.

• Example: "She has visited her grandmother many times." (Present Perfect, emphasizing the past
actions' relevance to the present) vs. "She had already visited her grandmother before she got sick."
(Past Perfect, indicating the sequence of past events without direct relevance to the present)

• Focus: Present Perfect focuses on the present result or ongoing consequence of past actions,
while Past Perfect focuses on establishing the sequence of past events.

Comparison and differentiation ( ALL PAST TENSES ):

1. Past Simple:

• Usage: Describes completed actions or events that happened at a specific point in the past.

• Formation: Subject + past form of the verb.

• Example: "She visited her grandmother yesterday."

2. Present Perfect:

• Usage: Describes actions or events that have a connection to the present, either because they
happened recently or because they have an impact on the present moment.

• Formation: Subject + have/has + past participle.

• Example: "She has visited her grandmother many times."

3. Past Perfect:

• Usage: Describes actions or events that happened before another action or event in the past,
establishing a sequence of events.

• Formation: Subject + had + past participle.

• Example: "She had already visited her grandmother before she got sick."

4. Past Progressive:

• Usage: Describes actions or events that were ongoing at a specific time in the past or actions that
were happening simultaneously in the past.

• Formation: Subject + was/were + present participle (verb + ing).

• Example: "She was visiting her grandmother when I called."

5. Past Perfect Progressive:

• Usage: Describes actions that were ongoing for a period of time before another action or event in
the past, emphasizing their duration.

• Formation: Subject + had been + present participle (verb + ing).

• Example: "She had been visiting her grandmother for hours before she got sick."
 1. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect vs. Past Perfect vs. Past Progressive vs. Past Perfect Progressive:

• Timing: Past Simple focuses on actions or events that occurred at a specific time in the past,
Present Perfect focuses on actions or events that have relevance to the present moment, Past
Perfect establishes a sequence of events in the past, Past Progressive describes ongoing actions at
a specific time in the past, and Past Perfect Progressive emphasizes the duration of past ongoing
actions.

• Example:

• Past Simple: "She visited her grandmother yesterday."

• Present Perfect: "She has visited her grandmother many times."

• Past Perfect: "She had already visited her grandmother before she got sick."

• Past Progressive: "She was visiting her grandmother when I called."

• Past Perfect Progressive: "She had been visiting her grandmother for hours before she got
sick."

• Key Words: Each tense may use specific time expressions or conjunctions to indicate its usage and
relationship to other events in the past. For example, Past Perfect often uses words like "before,"
"already," or "by the time," while Past Progressive may use words like "while," "as," or "when" to
indicate simultaneous actions.

Classwork:

1. ___________ when I realized I had left my keys at home.

• A. I was driving

• B. I have driven

• C. I had driven

• D. I am driving

2. By the time they ___________ home, the party had already finished.

• A. arrived

• B. have arrived

• C. were arriving

• D. arrive

3. She ___________ her job last month after working there for five years.

• A. quit

• B. has quit

• C. quits

• D. quitted

4. He ___________ his novel by the time he turned thirty.

 • A. had written

• B. wrote

• C. has written

• D. writes

5. While I ___________ my homework, my brother was playing video games.

• A. was doing

• B. have done

• C. did

• D. do

6. By the time they ___________ the museum, it had already closed.

• A. reached

• B. reach

• C. have reached

• D. reaching

7. She ___________ him since they graduated from college.

• A. hasn't seen

• B. didn't see

• C. doesn't see

• D. hasn't been seeing

8. He ___________ in the rain when he realized he had forgotten his umbrella.

• A. walked

• B. was walking

• C. walks

• D. has walked

9. They ___________ each other for years before they got married.

• A. had known

• B. knew

• C. have known

• D. knows

10. The sun ___________ when they finally arrived at the beach.

• A. was setting

• B. has set
 • C. sets

• D. set

Homework
11. She ___________ her car for two years before she decided to sell it.

• A. had owned

• B. owns

• C. has owned

• D. owned

12. He ___________ his leg while he ___________ down the stairs.

• A. broke, was running

• B. has broken, runs

• C. had broken, was running

• D. breaks, is running

13. When I got home, my mom ___________ dinner.

• A. cooked

• B. has cooked

• C. was cooking

• D. cooks

14. By the time he ___________ his lunch, I had already finished mine.

• A. finished

• B. finishes

• C. has finished

• D. finishing

15. She ___________ to the cinema last night.

• A. went

• B. goes

• C. has gone

• D. going

16. They ___________ at the restaurant when the fire alarm went off.

• A. were eating

• B. are eating
 • C. eat

• D. have eaten

17. By the time we arrived, the party ___________.

• A. had ended

• B. ended

• C. ends

• D. has ended

18. He ___________ his car keys before he realized they were in his pocket.

• A. had lost

• B. loses

• C. lost

• D. losing

19. While I ___________ TV, my sister was studying.

• A. was watching

• B. watched

• C. watch

• D. watches

20. She ___________ the newspaper when she ___________ the accident.

• A. was reading, heard

• B. reads, hears

• C. has read, is hearing

• D. reads, heard

21. By the time the guests arrived, she ___________ the party.

• A. had already organized

• B. already organized

• C. has already organized

• D. organizing

22. He ___________ in the rain for an hour before he found a taxi.

• A. had waited

• B. waits

• C. waited

• D. waiting
23. When I got home, my roommate ___________ the dishes.

• A. had already washed

• B. already washed

• C. has already washed

• D. already washing

24. She ___________ her homework before she went to bed.

• A. finished

• B. finishes

• C. had finished

• D. finishing

25. They ___________ for the movie when the power went out.

• A. were queuing

• B. are queuing

• C. queue

• D. queued

26. By the time she got to the airport, her flight ___________.

• A. had already departed

• B. already departed

• C. has already departed

• D. already departing

27. He ___________ his wallet when he ___________ his phone.

• A. had found, lost

• B. found, loses

• C. finds, lost

• D. found, lost

28. They ___________ a new house before they moved to the countryside.

• A. had bought

• B. buys

• C. bought

• D. buy

29. She ___________ to call him, but she forgot.

• A. had planned
 • B. plans

• C. planned

• D. planning

30. While they ___________ lunch, the phone rang.

• A. were having

• B. have

• C. have had

• D. had

31. He ___________ for the job for months before he finally got it.

• A. had been applying

• B. applied

• C. applies

• D. was applying

32. By the time they arrived at the restaurant, she ___________.

• A. had already eaten

• B. already ate

• C. has already eaten

• D. already eating

33. She ___________ there for hours before she realized it was the wrong address.

• A. had been waiting

• B. has been waiting

• C. was waiting

• D. waits

34. When he ___________ home, his wife ___________ dinner.

• A. arrived, was cooking

• B. arrived, cooked

• C. arrives, is cooking

• D. arrives, cooks

35. They ___________ each other since they were kids.

• A. have known

• B. knew

• C. knows
 • D. knowing

36. By the time he ___________ his homework, it was already midnight.

• A. finished

• B. finishes

• C. had finished

• D. finishing

37. She ___________ her keys before she realized they were in her bag.

• A. had lost

• B. loses

• C. lost

• D. losing

38. While she ___________ her favorite song, she ___________ her room.

• A. was listening, was cleaning

• B. listened, cleaned

• C. listens, cleans

• D. listens, was cleaning

39. By the time they ___________ the movie, it had already started.

• A. reached

• B. reach

• C. were reaching

• D. had reached

40. He ___________ to the gym before he realized it was closed.

• A. had gone

• B. goes

• C. went

• D. going

41. While he ___________ TV, she ___________.

• A. was watching, was sleeping

• B. watched, slept

• C. watches, sleeps

• D. watches, was sleeping

42. They ___________ for hours before they found the solution.
 • A. had been searching

• B. have been searching

• C. are searching

• D. searched

43. She ___________ the book before she watched the movie.

• A. had read

• B. reads

• C. has read

• D. reading

44. By the time they got to the concert, the band ___________.

• A. had already started

• B. already started

• C. has already started

• D. already starting

45. He ___________ his phone for an hour before he found it in his bag.

• A. had been looking for

• B. looked for

• C. looks for

• D. was looking for

46. She ___________ to finish the project before the deadline.

• A. had hoped

• B. hopes

• C. hope

• D. hoping

47. While they ___________ breakfast, the news came on.

• A. were having

• B. have

• C. have had

• D. had

48. They ___________ to the party when they got the news.

• A. were driving

• B. drives
 • C. drove

• D. drive

49. She ___________ her coffee when she ___________ the email.

• A. was drinking, received

• B. drank, receives

• C. drinks, received

• D. drinks, is receiving

50. By the time they ___________ home, they had already walked ten miles.

• A. reached

• B. reach

• C. were reaching

• D. had reached

Model Answer:
1. A, 2. A, 3. A, 4. A, 5. A, 6. A, 7. A, 8. B, 9. A, 10. D, 11. A, 12. C, 13. C, 14. C, 15. A, 16. A, 17. A, 18. A, 19. A,
20. A, 21. A, 22. A, 23. A, 24. C, 25. A, 26. A, 27. B, 28. A, 29. A, 30. A, 31. A, 32. A, 33. A, 34. A, 35. A, 36. C,
37. A, 38. A, 39. D, 40. A, 41. A, 42. A, 43. A, 44. A, 45. A, 46. A, 47. A, 48. A, 49. A, 50. D.

1. Model Answer with explanation:

1.A. "I was driving" - Past progressive tense is used to describe an ongoing action in the past, which is
interrupted by another action. In this case, the action of driving (ongoing) was interrupted by the realization
of leaving the keys at home.

2. A. "arrived" - Past perfect tense is used to indicate that one action happened before another action in the
past. In this case, the arrival (past perfect) happened before the party finished (simple past).

3. A. "quit" - Simple past tense is used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a specific
point in the past. In this case, the action of quitting the job happened last month.

4. A. "had written" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, the action of writing the novel happened before turning thirty.

5. A. "was doing" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of doing homework was ongoing when another action (brother playing video games) happened.

6. A. "reached" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the
past. In this case, reaching the destination happened before the museum closed.

7. A. "hasn't seen" - Present perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that have relevance to the
present moment. In this case, the action of not seeing each other extends from the past until now.

8. B. "was walking" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of walking was ongoing when the realization of forgetting the umbrella occurred.

9. A. "had known" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, knowing each other happened before getting married.

10. D. "was setting" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of setting (sun setting) was ongoing when they arrived at the beach.

11. A. "had owned" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, owning the house happened before deciding to sell it.

12. C. "had broken, was running" - Past perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that was
ongoing for a period of time before another action in the past. In this case, the action of breaking the leg
was ongoing when the action of running down the stairs occurred.

13. C. "was cooking" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of cooking dinner was ongoing when the speaker got home.

14. C. "had finished" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, the action of finishing lunch happened before another action (speaker finished own
lunch).

15. A. "went" - Simple past tense is used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a specific
point in the past. In this case, the action of going to the cinema happened last night.
16. A. "were eating" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of eating was ongoing when the fire alarm went off.

17. A. "had ended" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, the action of the party ending happened before the arrival.

18. A. "had lost" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the
past. In this case, the action of losing the keys happened before realizing they were in the pocket.

19. A. "was watching" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of watching TV was ongoing when another action (sister studying) happened.

20. A. "was reading, heard" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this
case, the action of reading the newspaper was ongoing when the action of hearing the accident occurred.

21. A. "had already organized" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. In this case, the action of organizing the party happened before the arrival of guests.

22. A. "had waited" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, waiting for the taxi happened before finding one.

23. A. "had already washed" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. In this case, washing the dishes happened before the speaker got home.

24. C. "had finished" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, finishing the homework happened before going to bed.

25. A. "were queuing" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of queuing was ongoing when another action (power going out) happened.

26. A. "had already departed" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. In this case, the departure of the flight happened before arrival at the airport.

27. B. "found, loses" - Simple past tense is used to describe completed actions or events that happened at a
specific point in the past. In this case, the action of finding the phone happened before the realization of
losing it.

28. A. "had bought" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, buying the house happened before moving to the countryside.

29. A. "had planned" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, the action of planning to call happened before forgetting.

30. A. "were having" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of having breakfast was ongoing when another action (news coming on) happened.

31. A. "had been applying" - Past perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing for a
period of time before another action in the past. In this case, the action of applying for the job was ongoing
before getting it.

32. A. "had already eaten" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. In this case, eating happened before the arrival.

33. A. "had been waiting" - Past perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing for a
period of time before another action in the past. In this case, waiting for hours happened before realizing
the mistake.
34. A. "was cooking" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of cooking dinner was ongoing when the speaker arrived home.

35. A. "have known" - Present perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that have relevance to the
present moment. In this case, the action of knowing each other extends from the past until now.

36. C. "had finished" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, finishing the homework happened before realizing the time.

37. A. "had lost" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the
past. In this case, the action of losing the keys happened before realizing they were in the bag.

38. A. "was listening, was cleaning" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In
this case, the action of listening to music was ongoing when the action of cleaning the room occurred.

39. D. "had reached" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, reaching the restaurant happened before the movie started.

40. A. "had gone" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the
past. In this case, going to the gym happened before realizing it was closed.

41. A. "was watching, was sleeping" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In
this case, the action of watching TV was ongoing when the action of sleeping occurred.

42. A. "had been searching" - Past perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing for
a period of time before another action in the past. In this case, searching for hours happened before finding
the solution.

43. A. "had read" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the
past. In this case, reading the book happened before watching the movie.

44. A. "had already started" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another
action in the past. In this case, starting the performance happened before arrival at the concert.

45. A. "had been looking for" - Past perfect progressive tense is used to describe an action that was ongoing for
a period of time before another action in the past. In this case, looking for the phone happened before
finding it in the bag.

46. A. "had hoped" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, hoping to finish the project happened before the deadline.

47. A. "were having" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of having breakfast was ongoing when the news came on.

48. A. "were driving" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this case, the
action of driving was ongoing when the news came.

49. A. "was drinking, received" - Past progressive tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. In this
case, the action of drinking coffee was ongoing when the action of receiving the email occurred.

50. D. "had reached" - Past perfect tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in
the past. In this case, reaching home happened before walking ten miles.