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Simple Machines

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Vusi Chiloane
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11 views5 pages

Simple Machines

Uploaded by

Vusi Chiloane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simple Machines

Lever
 A stiff or rigid bar resting on a pivot (fulcrum), used to move a heavy or
firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other
 Consist of Three different classes:
 Pivot - The central point, pin or shaft on which a mechanism tuns or
oscillates. (MUST BE DRAWN AS A TRIANGLE IN A DIAGRAM.)

 Load – Heavy or Bulky thing that is being carried or is about to be


carried. (MUST BE DRAWN AS A SQUARE IN A DIAGRAM.)

 Force – Strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or


movement. (MUST BE DRWAN AS AN ARROW IN A DIAGRAM.)

 1’st Class:
The pivot is in between the effort and the load.
Examples: Claw hammer, Scissors, Seesaw, Pliers

 2nd Class:

The load is in between the fulcrum and the effort.

Examples: Wheelbarrow, Nut cracker, Stapler

 3rd Class lever:

The effort is in between the fulcrum and the load

Examples: Tongs, Tweezers and a fishing Rod

Incline plane

 A flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the
other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load

Examples: Stairs, slide


Wedge

 A piece of wood, metal, ETC. Having One Thick end and tapering to a
Thin Edge, that is Driven between two objects to secure or separate
them.

 It can be used to separate two objects or portions of an object, lift up an


object, or hold an object in place.

 Definition – A triangular shaped tool, that is a portable Inclined Plane

Mechanical Systems

 A system that does work- through controlling movement


 A mechanical system is a device that is made up of various mechanical
parts.
 Its input is provided by an effort
 The Effort resulted in a motion to move load
 The force applied to the load result in output for the specific
mechanical system

Simple Machines
Any of the basic mechanical devices for applying a force, such as an inclined
plane, wedge, or lever. Simple machines are also sometimes called
mechanisms.
Definition – A simple machine is basic consisting of only one mechanical
mechanism.
 A simple machine is not complicated
 It consists of just one part
 It is used to do work
 That makes work easier to do
 Sometimes called mechanisms
 Can combine to form complex machines

Complex machines
Complex machines are also called compound machines. Two or more simple
machines work together to form a complex machine. Examples of complex
machines, would include bicycles, wheelbarrows, cranes, car jacks, and
lawnmowers.
The complex machine is made up of simple machines to overcome the
difficulties we may face as a result of something as simple as an incline which is
a natural wedge. As we move through the work you will find that all simple
machines give us advantages that make life easier.

Mechanical Advantage – A small input force to a huge output force by the


assistance of Mechanical Control Systems.

Gear Ratios

 Gear Ratio is the ratio between the number of teeth of the drive gear and
the driven gear.
 We can use the ratio to calculate the rotation speed of gears but also the
power difference.
 The ratio of a drive gear and the driven gear is calculated by dividing the
number of teeth of a driven gear by the number of gears of the drive gear.

Teeth of Driven
GR=
Driver

Small gear to big gear= MA (Mechanical Advantage)

Big gear to small gear = SA (Speed Advantage)


1)

Driver: 45 teeth

Follower: 135 teeth

135
GR=
45
¿3
Input Speed: 150 rpm

Output Speed= 50 rpm

SA- Speed Advantage

150
3
¿ 50rpm

2) Driver: 120 teeth


Driven: 15 teeth

15
120
¿1
8
=0.125

Input speed: 23 rpm

Output speed: 184 rpm

MA- Mechanical Advantage

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