9/28/24, 3:08 PM Class 5 NumPy - Jupyter Notebook

Python NumPy

NumPy
NumPy, which stands for Numerical Python, is an open-source Python library
consisting of multidimensional and single-dimensional array elements.
It's a standard that computes numerical data in Python.
NumPy is most widely used in almost every domain where numerical computation is
required, like science and engineering

In [1]: # Importing NumPy Array

import numpy as np

Creating Arrays

NumPy arrays are more efficient than Python lists for numerical operations due to their fixed
size and homogeneous data type.

1D Array (Vector):

In [2]: arr1d = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(arr1d)

[1 2 3 4 5]

In [3]: list1=[1,2,3,4]
arr1=np.array(list1) # convert the list into array
print(arr1)

[1 2 3 4]

In [5]: print(type(arr1)) #get type of the array

print(type(arr1d))

<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>

In [6]: type(arr1)

Out[6]: numpy.ndarray

In [7]: print(arr1*2)

[2 4 6 8]

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In [8]: print(arr1.shape) #give the no. of row and no . of column

(4,)

In [9]: print(arr1.size) #give the total no. of element in the array

In [10]: print(arr1.dtype) # give the type of element and bit size

int32

In [11]: arr2=np.array([1,2,3,4],np.int64) #to change the data type and bit size
print(arr2.dtype)

int64

In [12]: arr3=np.array([1,2,3,4],np.float32)
print(arr3.dtype)
print(arr3)

float32
[1. 2. 3. 4.]

In [13]: arr4=np.zeros((5)) #give an array of given size consisting 0 only

print(arr4)

[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]

In [14]: arr5=np.ones((5))
print(arr5)

[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]

In [15]: print(arr1.ndim) # gives the dimension of the array

2D Array (Matrix):

In [16]: l1=[1,2,3]
l2=[4,5,6]
l3=[7,8,9]
arr6=np.array([l1,l2,l3])
print(arr6)

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]

In [17]: type(arr6)

Out[17]: numpy.ndarray

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9/28/24, 3:08 PM Class 5 NumPy - Jupyter Notebook

In [18]: print(arr6.shape) #give the matrix size

(3, 3)

In [19]: print(arr6.size) #give the total element in the matrix

In [20]: print(arr6.dtype) # give the type of element and bit size

int32

In [21]: print(l1+l2)

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

In [22]: np1=np.array(l1)
np2=np.array(l2)
print(np1+np2)

[5 7 9]

In [24]: a2=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(a2)

[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]

In [25]: print(a2.shape)
print(a2.size)

(3, 3)
9

In [26]: print(a2.ndim) # gives the dimension of the array

3D Array (Tensor):

In [27]: arr3d = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])
print(arr3d)

[[[1 2]
[3 4]]

[[5 6]
[7 8]]]

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9/28/24, 3:08 PM Class 5 NumPy - Jupyter Notebook

In [28]: a3=np.array([[[1,2,3],[2,3,4]],[[4,5,6],[6,5,4]],[[7,8,5],[2,4,5]]])
print(a3)

[[[1 2 3]
[2 3 4]]

[[4 5 6]
[6 5 4]]

[[7 8 5]
[2 4 5]]]

In [30]: print(a3.shape)
print(a3.size)

(3, 2, 3)
18

In [31]: print(a3.ndim) # gives the dimension of the array

NumPy - Indexing & Slicing

In [32]: a = np.arange(10)

In [33]: a

Out[33]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

In [34]: s = slice(2,7,2)

In [35]: a[s]

Out[35]: array([2, 4, 6])

In [36]: b = a[2:9:2]

In [37]: print(b)

[2 4 6 8]

In [38]: c = a[5]
print(c)

In [39]: print(a[2:])

[2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]

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In [40]: print(a[2:5])

[2 3 4]

In [41]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],[3,4,5],[4,5,6]])
print(a)

[[1 2 3]
[3 4 5]
[4 5 6]]

In [43]: print(a[:])

[[1 2 3]
[3 4 5]
[4 5 6]]

In [44]: print(a[:4])

[[1 2 3]
[3 4 5]
[4 5 6]]

In [45]: print(a[4:])

[]

In [46]: print(a[1:4])

[[3 4 5]
[4 5 6]]

In [47]: print(a[2:])

[[4 5 6]]

In [48]: x = np.array([[ 0, 1, 2],[ 3, 4, 5],[ 6, 7, 8],[ 9, 10, 11]])

In [51]: print(x)

[[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]

In [52]: print(x[:,:])

[[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]

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In [53]: print(x[1:,:])

[[ 3 4 5]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]]

In [54]: print(x[1:3,:])

[[3 4 5]
[6 7 8]]

In [56]: print(x[:,1:3])

[[ 1 2]
[ 4 5]
[ 7 8]
[10 11]]

In [58]: print(x[1:3,1:])

[[4 5]
[7 8]]

In [59]: print(x[1:3,1:3])

[[4 5]
[7 8]]

In [61]: print(x[2:,1:2])

[[ 7]
[10]]

In [67]: a1=np.arange(32)
print(a1)
a1.ndim

[ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31]

Out[67]: 1

In [69]: a2=a1.reshape(8,4)
a2

Out[69]: array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23],
[24, 25, 26, 27],
[28, 29, 30, 31]])

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In [70]: a2.ndim

Out[70]: 2

In [72]: a3 = a1.reshape(2,4,4)
a3

Out[72]: array([[[ 0, 1, 2, 3],

[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15]],

[[16, 17, 18, 19],

[20, 21, 22, 23],
[24, 25, 26, 27],
[28, 29, 30, 31]]])

In [73]: a3.ndim

Out[73]: 3

In [75]: ar4=np.random.randint(10,20,5) # give 5 random element between 10 to 20

print(ar4)

[10 15 17 13 14]

In [76]: ar5=np.random.randn(5,3) # gives a matrix of given size concist of random e

print(ar5)

[[-0.60554537 0.82270419 -0.68292731]

[ 1.11267969 0.57879301 0.43384949]
[ 0.09422181 2.21999736 0.35297232]
[-0.45893539 -1.28833069 -2.15839099]
[ 0.06352359 -1.27736041 0.12127969]]

In [77]: ar6=np.random.random_sample((5,3)) # gives a matrix of given size concist o

print(ar6)

[[0.51779312 0.15548194 0.31707927]

[0.54605588 0.09933863 0.67800372]
[0.77162612 0.84544265 0.56366543]
[0.02496134 0.50177791 0.21819764]
[0.57773426 0.47091659 0.39079135]]

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