Elastic Deformation

elasticity :
ability to
expand while being stretched >
-
common property of
springs

e m me

elasticity of spring

load
example ofhanging
t

extension > called hooke's law

-

relation bu force and extension

Ieload
W
&

Hooke's Law

extension to force
of the material is directly propotional applied .

uptil the limit of propotionality Cgraphical method

-

>

K De extension
F >
-
=

C
constant
force brings
applied
or
Force -
extension graph as

artic
& not obeyed
law is
horke's deformed deformation
F/ ↑ object is a clartic
jar
reg

las
zu
↓
(limit of propotionality
elastic limit

-gradient =

1-
string constant

x/m
 #
=
De
k
Y m i n i

I = =
S

to 14 5 cm 4 5cm 045m
gradient : 1 ocm > 0
.
-
.
= .

AF
De = 0 .

045m

DF = 0 .
36N

Stress us Strain

Stress

applied force per unit cross sectional area

24
tensile compressive

↑ ↓
compresville
Y
tensile
3 3
b ↑

5 =

E
units = Pa
 Strain how much
object is extending perm.
-

extension per unit length

in extension
-
change
E
De
=

f
total length

Young's modulus (E)

ratio of the stress to the strain

=
E =

Stress = strain

Ax/De- in extension
change
Ent
>

total legen
=
I

z units (Pa)

graph oftress vs train

a
stress modulus (gradient
= young
>
-

strain
 note :
always take care
of the units

example question F

a nichrome wire his a fixed amount of load of a

applied to it . Wire has a cos sectional area of comma
A
and
obey's hooke's law
.

Length of wine is increased by · Calculate young module .

Bi
E
Dr
=
= =

Imm2 = 10 - m

stress F x10"
=
2 =
2 . 3 Pa

= 0 -
04x10-6

strain :

1 ·
0 %
5
.

=
=

E =
ess
strain
=

4 6x10"
E and
.

=
Pa
 Stress and strain graphs
indication of the properties of materials like
graphs gives us an

i) how much
they obey hooke's law

(b) elastic or plastic

() value of their young's modulus
(d) breaking stress

unique tress-strain
curve .
note : each material has a

limit
elastic breakinpoint
A -
B

↑
-

- hooke's law region

-
ress E

iimit of
S

a B -
C

propotionality
-

elastic limit
Elastic
C -
D
&

point
A strain yeild

gradient of graph-young modulus D-E

What is breaking stress ? breaking point

stree at the where the material breaks

point .