2ND MATE

SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK

) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-1 Define the following:

Relative density
Archimedes' Principle
Law of Flotation
Displacement
Volume of displacement
Draught
Reserve Buoyancy
Coefficient of Fineness of the Water-Plane Area (Cw)
Block Coefficient (CB)
Midship Coefficient (CM)
Longitudinal Prismatic Coefficient (CP)
TPC
Fresh Water Allowance (FWA)
The Dock Water Allowance (DWA)
The Centre of Gravity (G)
Centre of Buoyancy (B)
Transverse statical stability
Righting lever (GZ)
Initial Transverse Metacenter (M)
Metacentric Height (GM)
Stiff Ship
Tender Ship
List
Heel
Trim
LCF
MCTC
Deck Edge Immersion(DEI)

1
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Relative Density (RD) of a substance is quoted instead of density.

This is simply a ratio of the density of the substance in question to
that of Fresh Water.

Archimedes' Principle
States that when a body is wholly or partially immersed in a liquid, it
experiences an upthrust (apparent loss of weight - termed Buoyancy
force (Bf)), equal to the mass of liquid displaced.

Law of Flotation
States that every floating body displaces its own mass of the liquid in
which it floats.

Displacement of a ship (or any floating object) is the number of

tonnes of water it displaces.

Volume of displacement is the underwater volume of a ship afloat,

i.e., the volume below the waterline.

Draught is the distance from the keel to the waterline as measured at

the forward and aft ends of the ship. It is expressed in meters. If the
draughts forward and alt are the same, the ship is said to be on an
even keel.

Reserve Buoyancy is the volume of the enclosed spaces above the

waterline.

Coefficient of Fineness of the Water-Plane Area (Cw)

This is the ratio of the ships water-plane area to the area of a
rectangle having the same length and breadth of the ship at the
waterline in question.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Block Coefficient (CB)

The block coefficient (CB) of a ship is the ratio of the underwater
volume of a ship to the volume of the circumscribing block.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Midship Coefficient (CM)

The midship coefficient (CM) of a ship at any draught is the ratio of
the underwater transverse area of the midship section to the product
of the breadth and draught (the surrounding rectangle).

Longitudinal Prismatic Coefficient (CP)

The longitudinal prismatic coefficient (Cr) of a ship at any draught is
the ratio of the underwater volume of the ship to the volume of the
prism formed by the product of the transverse area of the midship
section and the waterline length.

TPC for any given draught is the weight which must be loaded or
discharged to change the ships mean draught by one centimeter.

Fresh Water Allowance (FWA) of a ship is the number of millimeters

by which the mean draught changes when a ship passes from salt
water to fresh water, or vice versa, when the ship is loaded to the
summer displacement.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

The Dock Water Allowance (DWA) of a ship is the number of

millimeters by which the mean draught changes when a ship passes
from salt water to dock water, or vice versa, when the ship is loaded
to the summer displacement.

The Centre of Gravity (G) of a ship is the point where the total weight
force (Wf) of the ship is considered to act vertically downwards.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Centre of Buoyancy (B)

The Centre of Buoyancy of a ship is defined as the geometric center
of the underwater volume of the ship at a particular instant and is the
point through which the total buoyancy force (Bf) is considered to
act vertically upwards.

Transverse statical stability is a term used to describe the ability of a

ship to return to the upright when it has been forcibly heeled by an
external force and is momentarily at rest when that ship is floating in
still water.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Righting lever (GZ) is the horizontal distance, measured in meters,

between the center of gravity (G) and the vertical line of action of the
buoyancy force (Bf) acting through the center of buoyancy (B) when
the ship is heeled.

Initial Transverse Metacenter (M)

This is defined as the point of intersection of successive lines of
action of buoyancy force (Bf) when the ship is in the initial upright
condition and subsequently heeled conditions.

Metacentric Height (GM)

This is the vertical distance between the ships center of gravity (G)
and the initial transverse metacenter (M) .

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

A stiff ship is one with a very large GM caused by KG being too small.
This occurs if too much weight is placed low down within the ship.
The ship will be excessively stable and righting moments will be so
large as to cause the ship to return to the upright very quickly when
heeled. Roll period will be short.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

A tender ship is one with a very small GM caused by KG being too

large. This occurs if too much weight is placed high up within the
ship. The ship will have insufficient stability and righting moments
will be very small when heeled, causing the ship to be sluggish
and slow to return to the upright. Roll period will be long.

What is the difference between list and heel with proper sketches?

List is the term used to describe a ship that is in an inclined condition

due to the distribution of weights within it.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Heel is the term used to describe a ship that has been forcibly
inclined by external forces (wind, waves, etc.).

Trim is the difference between the draughts forward and aft. When
the forward and aft draughts are the same, the ship is said to be on
an even keel.

Moment to Change Trim by One Centimeter (MCTC)

This is the trimming moment required to change the ships trim by
exactly 1 cm.

Longitudinal Centre of Flotation (LCF)

This is at the geometric center of the ships water-plane area and is
the point about which the ship will trim.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

DEI is the angle at which this occurs is identified on the GZ curve as

the point where the curve trend changes from increasing steepness
to decreasing steepness. This is known as the point of inflexion of
the curve. And it is often difficult to estimate

What are the laws governing the floatation?

Two laws must be considered:
1. Archimedes Principle
2. The Law of Flotation

What are the factors affecting the TPC?

Factors Affecting TPC
1. TPC increases with WPA and for a normal ship-shape, the WPA
will increase with draught
2. TPC increases with density. Two values of TPC are often
quoted in ships hydrostatic data, TPCsw and TPCFw·

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

What are the Factors for Consideration in Assigning a Free board

1. Structural strength of hull

2. Reserve buoyancy
3. Means of preventing entry of water into the hull
4. Safety of crew on deck
5. Potential wetness of the weather deck
6. Ability to free ·water off deck
7. Stability in the normal loaded condition
8. Degree of subdivision and stability after damage

What is Type A according to the International Convention on Load

Lines?
A Type A ship is one which:
(a) ls designed to carry only liquid cargoes in bulk.
(b) Has a high integrity of the exposed deck with only small access
openings to cargo compartments, closed by watertight gasketed
covers of steel or equivalent material.
(c) Has a low permeability of loaded cargo compartments.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Do a sketch of ship load lines showing entire details and dimensions.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

What is the Effect on (G) when Shifting a Weight Already On board?

Whenever a weight already onboard is shifted, G will move parallel to
and in the same direction as the shift of the center of gravity of the
weight (g).

What is the Effect on (G) when Loading a Weight onboard?

Whenever a weight is loaded, G will move directly towards the center
of gravity of the loaded weight (g).

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

What is the Effect on (G) when Discharging a Weight?

Whenever a weight is discharged, G will move directly away from the
center of gravity of the discharged weight (g).

Explain the Stable Condition with proper and clear sketch

A ship is in a stable condition of stability if, when heeled by an
external force in still water to a small angle of inclination, it returns to
the upright when the force is removed. a ship floating upright in still
water with the positions of G and B as shown. The initial transverse
metacenter (M) is above G, i.e., KM - KG = GM, which is a positive
value. In this stable condition, the righting lever GZ is acting to right
the ship. G is below M. In this condition, the ship has a positive initial
GM.

15
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Explain the Neutral Condition with proper and clear sketch

A ship is in a neutral condition of stability if, when heeled by an
external force in still water to a small angle of inclination, it comes to
rest at some indeterminate angle of heel within small angles of
inclination. A ship floating upright in still water with G and Bas
shown. The initial transverse metacenter (M) is at the same height as
G, i.e., KM - KG= 0; GM = 0. In this neutral condition, the righting
lever GZ will not exist. G is at the same height as M. The ship has
zero GM. The ship will settle at any indeterminate angle of heel within
small angles of inclination, when acted upon by successive external
forces.

16
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Explain the Unstable Condition and Angle of Loll with proper and
clear sketch
A ship is in an unstable condition if, when heeled by an external force
in still water to a small angle, it continues to heel further when the
external force is removed. Consider a ship floating upright in still
water with G and Bas shown. The initial transverse metacenter (M) is
below G, i.e., KM - KG= GM, which is a negative value. They are
acting in such a way to cause the ship to heel further over. GZ is
acting as a capsizing lever.

What are the Information that can be gained from a Curve of Statical
Stability (GZ curve)?

The following information can be extracted from it:

(a) The GZ value for any angle of heel.
(b)The maximum GZ and the angle of heel at which it occurs.
(c) The range of positive stability and the angle of vanishing stability
(AVS).
(d) The approximate angle of deck edge immersion (DEI)

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

The angle at which this occurs is identified on the curve as the point
where the curve trend changes from increasing steepness to
decreasing steepness. This is known as the point of inflexion of the
curve. It is often difficult to estimate

State why A very large GM should be avoided?

A very large GM should be avoided for the following reasons:
1. The ship will return to the upright very quickly and the motion
will be jerky, causing excessive strain on cargo lashings and
possible cargo shift.
2. loose gear will be thrown about
3. it is uncomfortable for crew and injury may result from the
ships quick motion
4. structural damage to the ship may occur clue to racking.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

State why a very small GM should be avoided?

a very small GM should be avoided for the following reasons:
1. Because of the small righting moments, the ship will offer
limited resistance to being rolled, causing the ship to be rolled
to larger angles of heel. This will increase the risk of water
being shipped on deck.
2. the ship will be slow to return to the upright and will tend to
remain at the extent of the roll for a comparatively long time.
This will create greater and more prolonged strain on cargo
lashings and increase the risk of cargo shift.
3. Rolling to excessive angles of heel is also uncomfortable for the
crew and injury may result.

State why a trim by the head should be avoided?

A trim by the head should be avoided for the following reasons:
1. The rudder may not be fully immersed, making the ship difficult
to steer
2. More water will be shipped forward
3. Reduced propeller immersion will lessen propulsion efficiency
4. If the ship is pitching, particularly in a lightship condition, the
propeller will tend to race. This, along with increased vibration,
may cause tail shaft damage
5. Rudder efficiency will be intermittent as the ship pitches
6. Ballast suctions are sited at the after end of tanks and so a
head trim will make these impossible to empty completely.

19
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

State why Excessive trim by the stern should be avoided?

because:
1. The large wind area forward and too deep immersion of the aft
end will make the ship difficult to steer
2. Pitching may be excessive in heavy weather, causing excessive
panting and pounding (this will be evident regardless of trim if
the forward draught is too small)
3. A large blind area will exist forward, particularly with an aft
bridge, hindering pilotage and reducing lookout effectiveness.

Explain how the free surface effect on the ship?

In the initial upright condition, everything appears as normal. As the

ship is again heeled by an external force to the same small angle of
inclination. A wedge of the liquid transfers to the low side of the ship
(gg1) Since a weight has shifted, G moves parallel and in the same
direction as the shift of the weight (GG1). As a result of the shift of
liquid, righting lever is reduced from GZ to GZ1. The righting lever
GZ1 is the same as the GZ that would have existed had G been raised
to Gv. GGv represents the virtual rise of G that results from the free
surface effect of the slack tank. (G does not actually rise, but the
movement of the liquid in the tank has the same effect on GZ values
as if G had actually been caused to rise - hence the term virtual rise
of G.)

20
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

What are the Factors Influencing Free Surface Effect?

1. Length of the tank
2. Breadth of the tank
3. Density of the fluid in the tank
4. Vessel’s displacement
5. Subdivision ·within the tank.

Draw a typical curve of statical stability for both stiff and tender
ships showing the differences between them.

21
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Draw a typical curve of statical stability for a stable ship showing the
state of the ship before and after the influence of an external force
on it.

22
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Draw a typical curve of statical stability for a neutral ship showing

the state of the ship before and after the influence of an external
force on it.

23
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Draw a typical curve of statical stability for a unstable ship showing

the state of the ship before and after the influence of an external
force on it.

24
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Draw a typical curve of statical stability for a listed ship showing the
state of the ship before and after the influence of an external force
on it.

25
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

How to distinguish between the list and loll curves?

• In a lolled situation:
1. Initial GM is negative, the ship is in an unstable condition
2. the angle of loll could be to either side, port or starboard
3. the ship will loll even if the port and starboard listing moments
are equal.

• In a listed situation:
1. Initial GM is positive - the ship is in a stable condition
2. The angle of list will be to the same side that G is off the
centreline.

Explain how to Correcting an Angle of Loll?

1. Alter course to put the ship's head into the predominant waves
If the ship is in a lolled situation, it is essential that it stays lolled to
the same side. Wave action may cause the ship to roll through the
vertical to loll on the other side. This is a dangerous situation as the
ship will heel from the vertical of its own accord and the
momentum it gains in lolling to the other side may be sufficient to
capsize it. In any event, the ship will initially heel beyond the angle of
loll before returning to settle, causing cargo shift, which may worsen
the situation.
2. Check that po1·t and starboard listing moments are the same
By verifying tank soundings and checking for cargo shift, it should be
possible to account for any listing moments causing the ship to be in
a listed situation. If it is calculated that there are no net listing
moments, a case of instability may be assumed and the ship will
be lying at an angle of loll.
3. Check for slack tanks
In carrying out (2), it should also be apparent if there are excessive
free surface moments causing a loss of GM sufficient to make the
ship unstable. In this case, a loll situation may be confirmed.
4. Take action to lower G (reduce KG)
It would be impractical to consider shifting weights onboard using
the ships lifting equipment at sea. If the ship has high ballast tanks

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

that are full then these may be emptied, discharging ballast from the
high side tank first. The greater vertical distance between G of the
ship and g of the weight being discharged will ensure that the
greatest lowering of G will take place in the first instance. The tank
on the low side may be emptied when the one on the high side is
empty.

5. Minimize free surfaces

Having sounded all the tanks, any that are slack will be identified.
Minimize the loss of GM due to free surface effect by topping up low
down ballast tanks and transferring fuel as necessary. This action
alone may remedy the situation.
6. Ballast tanks low down in the ship
Select a set of suitably subdivided double bottom tanks to ballast.
Ideally, start with tanks that have the smallest free surface areas to
minimize the effects of free surface while filling.
The order of filling is as follows and must be strictly adhered to:

(a) Start by filling the tank in the center (No. 1) as shown. Because of
the introduction of more free surfaces while filling, the situation may
initially worsen.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

(b) When the first tank is completely full, fill the low tank (No. 2).
(c) When the low tank is full, fill the final tank (No. 3).
(d) If G is lowered sufficiently, the ship should complete in an upright
condition (Having initially verified that the port and starboard
moments were the same). The movement of G after completely filling
each of the tanks is as shown (ignoring the upward movement of G,
which arises as a result of the introduced free surface at
intermediate stages of filling the tanks).

28
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Things to not be forgotten when correcting angle of loll:

1. Once a loll situation is confirmed, only ever fill one tank at a

time.
2. Always start by filling the low side tank first, if only two tanks.
3. The angle of loll may initially worsen because the introduced
free surfaces when initially starting to fill the tank may cause a
greater rise of G than the fall of G caused by the added bottom
weight. That is State why it is very important to fill small tanks
first.
4. If there is any doubt as to whether the ship is lolled or listed,
always assume it is a lolled situation and take appropriate
action.
5. When correcting a list, it is sufficient to shift a weight to the
high side. This may be achieved by shifting weights on deck or
by transferring ballast from a listed side tank to a high side
tank.
6. Alternatively, excess ballast from the listed side (possibly low
down in the ship) may be discharged.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-1 Calculate the displacement of a box-shaped vessel that has a

length of 80 m, breadth of 16 m and floats at a draught of 4.2 min salt
water (density 1.025 t/1113).

Displ. B0x = (L X BX d) X p
:. Displ. B0x. = (80 x 16 x 4.2) x 1.025
:. Displ. B0x = 5510.4 tonnes

Q-2 What will the draught of the box-shaped vessel be now that it is
floating in water of density 1.006 t/111 3?

Displ. B0x = (L X B X d) X p
5510.4 = (80X 16Xd) X 1.006
5510.4 = 1287.68 d
d = 4.279 m

The increase in draught is:

4.279 m
- 4.200 m
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
0.079 m (7.9 cm or 79 mm)

Q-3 A ship has a cargo oil tank which has length 26.0 m, breadth 12
.4 m and a depth of 16.6 m. What will the ullage be if it is filled with
2,800 tonnes of petroleum RD 0.68? (Ullage is the distance between
the tank top and liquid level.)

Mass = Volume X Density

Mass= (12 X 8 X 4) X 1.025
Mass= 393.6 tonnes

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-4 A box-shaped barge has length 46 m, breadth 8.8 m and floats at

a draught of 3.6 min salt water (RD 1.025). Calculate the
displacement. And What will be the displacement of the box if it is
towed into dock water of RD 1.012?

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-5 A block of cork has the following dimensions: length 2 .0 m,

breadth 1.0111 and depth 0 .6 111. If the mass of the cork is 0.288
tonnes, calculate its density. At what draught, will the cork float in
fresh water?
A 200 Kg weight is now placed on the block so that it floats upright
and on an even keel. What will the freeboard be?

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-6 A box-shaped barge has length 62 m, breadth 12.2 m and floats

at a draught or 1.46 min FW1. Calculate the draught of the barge if
floating in water RD 1.015.

Q-8 box-shaped barge has length 88 m, breadth 14 m and depth 8.20

m. If the displacement is 3,200 tonnes and the barge is floating in
clock water RD 1.004, calculate the draught.

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-9 A box-shaped barge is designed to have a depth of 8.00 m and a

maximum breadth of 14.4 m. The load draught must not exceed 4.64
m, when floating in canal ·water RD 1.004.
(a) If the load displacement is to be 1,600 tonnes, what is the
minimum length that the barge can be?
(b) The light displacement of the barge in (a) is calculated to be 486
tonnes.
What is the maximum amount of cargo that can be carried?
(c) A cargo of 984 tonnes is loaded into the barge when light.
Calculate:
(i) the draught
(ii) the freeboard
(iii) the reserve buoyancy in cubic meters.

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q10 A box-shaped vessel has the following particulars: length 86 m,

breadth 18.2 m, depth 10 m and floats at a draught of 3 .6 min salt
water (RD 1.025).
(a) Calculate the displacement of the vessel.
(b) At what draught will the vessel float if it is towed into dock water
RD 1.012?
(c) 300 tonnes of rock ballast are now loaded into the vessel while it
is floating in the dock water. Calculate the new volume of
displacement.
(d) How much more rock ballast must be loaded so that the vessel
will float at its maximum permitted draught of 5.62 min salt water (RD
1.025)?
(e) How much rock ballast must then be loaded to sink the vessel
near the shore as part of a coastal protection scheme?

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-11 A watertight box-shaped barge 12 m X 8 m X 6 m deep has a

minimum allowable freeboard of 1 .5 m and a light displacement of
200 tonnes. The barge loads 150 tonnes of cargo that is evenly
distributed. The RD of the water is 1.025.
Calculate:
(a) The freeboard upon completion of loading.
(b) The reserve buoyancy upon completion of loading.
(c) The amount of cargo that could still be loaded.

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-12 A ship has a waterline length and breadth of 60. 0 m and 12.4 m
respectively. If the coefficient of fineness of the water-plane area
(Cw) is 0. 792, calculate the water-plane area.

Q-13 At the load waterline, a ship has a length of 96.0 m and a

breadth of 18.0 m. If the ship is floating at an even keel draught of
4.64 m, calculate the block coefficient if 6490 m3 of water is
displaced by the ship.

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-14 A ship floats at an even keel draught in salt water (RD 1.025) of
3.86 m. The length and breadth at the waterline is 84. 0 m and 14. 0
m respectively. lf the block coefficient is 0.742, calculate:
(a) The displacement of the ship.
(b) The draught of the ship when floating in dock water RD 1.006
(assuming that the block coefficient does not change between the
range of draughts concerned).

Q-15 A ship floats at a draught of 5 .24 m and has a breadth

amidships at the waterline of 14. 36 m. Calc1,1late the midship
coefficient (CM) if the underwater transverse area of the midship
section is 68.6 m2•

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-16 A ship has the following details:

Even keel draught 2.40 m
Waterline length 36.40 m
Waterline breadth 8. 62 m
CM= 0.896
Cr = 0.746
Calculate the displacement of the ship when floating in salt water
(RD 1.025).

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q- 17 At a given draught, a ship has length 120 m and breadth 24 m

at the waterline. If the coefficient of fineness of the water-plane area
is 0.770, calculate the TPC in salt water (RD 1.025).

Q-18 A ship floats at a mean draught of 6. 2 5 m. If the TPC is 1 2,

what will be the final draught after 300 tonnes of cargo is loaded?

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SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-19 (b) A ship has a length and breadth at the waterline of 76.20 m
and 13 .94 m respectively. If the coefficient of fineness of the water-
plane area at this waterline is 0 .782, calculate the TPC if the ship
floats in dock water RD 1.012.
(c) How much cargo should be loaded on the ship in (b) to increase
the draught by 0.20 m?

Q-20 A ship is floating in salt water (RD 1.025). Waterline length is 86

m; breadth 22 m; Cw 0.862. Calculate the TPC.

100

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 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-21 Calculate the TPC for the ship with a water-plane area of 1262
m2 when floating in:
(a) Fresh water.
(b) Dock water RO 1.010.
(c) Salt wate1.

Q-22 (a) A box-shaped vessel floats on an even keel draught of 3.62

min salt water. If the length and breadth of the vessel are 56.0 m and
14.0 m respectively, calculate the TPC.
(b) What will the new draught be if 86 tonnes of cargo are loaded?
(c) Will the TPC of a box-shaped vessel change with:
(i) draught
(ii) density?

43
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-23 A ship has a TPC of 18.50 in salt water (RD 1.025). What will the
TPC be in dock water RD 1 .010 if the ship was floating at the same
draught?

Q-24 A ship is loading in dock water RD 1.012 and has a mean

draught of 7.16 m. The TPC in salt water for the same draught is
17.820. Calculate the final draught after 264 tonnes has been loaded.

44
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-25 Use the hydrostatic data for MV Almar in the stability data
booklet for the rest of the tutorial questions.
(a) 'MV 11lmar ' floats at an even keel draught of 5.30 min salt water.
Calculate the final draught if 300 tonnes are loaded using the TPC
value tabulated.
(b) Calculate the final draught by consideration of the draught and
displacement values only.

45
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-26 MV Almar has an initial mean draught of 4.90 m in salt water

and is required to complete loading with a draught of 6.80 m. Using
the hydrostatic data, calculate the maximum amount of cargo that
may be loaded.

46
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-27 A ship has a summer displacement of 24000 tonnes, TPC in salt

water of 18. Calculate the FWA in mm.

Q-28 A ship has a FWA of 160 mm. Calculate the amount by which the
appropriate load line may be submerged if loading in dock water RD
1.008.

47
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-29 Calculate the amount of cargo to load on a ship floating at a

draught of 3.42 m in dock water (RD 1.015) if the ship is to complete
loading at her summer draught of 3. 74 min salt water, given TPC 10,
and summer displacement is 6000 tonnes.

48
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-30 A ship has freeboard is of 3220 mm to port and 3200 mm to

starboard while floating in dock water RD 1.014. If FWA is 160 mm
and TPC is 12, calculate the amount of cargo to load for the ship to
complete cargo in SW with a freeboard of 2800mm.

49
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-31 Calculate the maximum weight of cargo to be loaded on a

vessel with freeboards of 1660 mm to port and 1740 mm to starboard
in dock water RD 1.015 if the summer freeboard is 1400 mm and 50
tonnes of ballast water is to be discharged prior to leaving port. FWA
180 mm, TPC 12.

50
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-32 A ship loading in clock water RD 1.007 has a draught of 9.26 m.

The loaded summer draught in SW is 10.40 m for a displacement of
51200 tonnes, TPC 32. Calculate the quantity to load in order that the
ship will sail at the summer draught in SW allowing for consumption
of 80 tonnes of fuel on passage to the open sea.

51
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-33 A ship with a statutory summer freeboard of 1003 mm, TPC

12.8, and FWA 140 mm has freeboards 114 3 mm to port and 1067
mm to starboard in dock water RD 1.010. Calculate the maximum
quantity to load for the ship to be at the summer mark in salt water.

52
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-34 A ship’s statutory summer freeboard of 2. 72 m corresponds to

a mean draught of 7.20. FWA is 150 mm and TPC is 22. The present
freeboards are 2.96 m to port and 2.88 m to starboard in dock water
RD 1 .008. Calculate the maximum quantity which may be loaded in
Glasgow, in December, in this dock water.

53
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-35 A ship ·with length 196 m, breadth 30 m and depth 16.24 m to

the freeboard deck has a loaded summer freeboard in SW of 4.84 rn
corresponding to a displacement of 562 50 tonnes. The water-plane
area coefficient is 0. 92. The ship has a starboard list and the free
boards at present are 5 .40 m to port and 4. 92 m to starboard in
dock water RD 1.018. Calculate the quantity to be loaded in order
that the ship will be at the tropical salt water load line when in open
sea after consumption of 82 tonnes of oil and water on river passage.

54
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

55
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-36 A ship has a loaded summer draught of 14. 65 m corresponding

to a free board of 4. 90 m. for which the displacement is 106240
tonnes and TPC is 78. The draughts at present are F 13 .46 m and
port side A 14. 28 m and starboard side A 14.42 m in water RD 1.006.
Calculate the quantity of cargo to load in order that the ship
will be at the winter load line in salt water assuming the ship is
neither hogged or sagged and that 840 tonnes of fuel and stores
have yet to be taken onboard.

56
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-37 A ship displaces 24300 tonnes and has a KG of 5.60 m.

Calculate the final KG if 180 tonnes is loaded on deck at Kg 9. 60 m.

Q-38 A ship displaces 12260 tonnes and has KG 6.68 m. A weight of

34 tonnes is discharged from the lower hold, Kg 2.2 m. Calculate the
final KG.

57
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-39 A ship has an initial KG of 6.20 m. If the displacement is 23360

tonnes, what is the maximum amount of cargo that may be loaded on
deck in a position Kg 10.40 m to ensure that the final KG does not
exceed 6.46 m?

Q-40 A ship displaces 12300 tonnes and has KG 5 .84 m. What is the
maximum amount of cargo that can be discharged from the lower
hold, Kg 1.80 m, to ensure that the final KG does not exceed 6.00 m?

58
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-41 A ship displaces 2730 tonnes and has a KG of 6.00 m. The ship
then loads the following:
540 tonnes at 5. 0 m above the keel
3 70 tonnes at 8. 5 m above the keel
11 0 tonnes at 10. 4 111 above the keel
850 tonnes at 4.6 m above the keel.
Calculate the final KG.

Q-42 A loaded lighter displaces 856 tonnes and has a KG of 1.5 m.

Find the new KG after the following weights have been discharged:
160 tonnes from 2. 5 m above the keel
40 tonnes from 3. 7 m above the keel
395 tonnes from 1.2 m above the keel.

59
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q- 43 A ship leaves port with a displacement of 9060 tonnes and a

KG of 5.2 m. During the voyage the following is consumed:
Oil fuel: 200 tonnes from 0.8 m above the keel
320 tonnes from 0.7 m above the keel

Stores: 98 tonnes from 9. 5 m above the keel

FW: 87 tonnes from 10 .0 m above the keel.
What will be the KG on arrival at port of destination?

60
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-44 The original displacement of a ship was 4285 tonnes, KG 6.0 m.

The following is loaded:
800 tonnes at 3. 6 m above the keel
440 tonnes at 7. 0 m above the keel
110 tonnes at 5 .8 m above the keel
6 3 0 tonnes at 3. 0 m above the keel.
Find the new KG.

61
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-45 A ship has a KG of 6.5 m and a displacement of 6020 tonnes.

Find the new KG after loading and discharging the following weights:

Load: 500 tonnes at 2. 5 m above the keel

850 tonnes at 5.0 m above the keel
220 tonnes at 8.4 m above the keel

Discharge: 330 tonnes from 5.5 m above the keel

700 tonnes from 2 .6 m above the keel.

62
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-46 A ship displaces 18940 tonnes, KG 6.22 m. Calculate the final

KG if the following cargo is worked:
Load: 200 tonnes at Kg 8.62 m
188 tonnes at Kg 2. 5 6 m
46 tonnes at Kg 3.46 m
Discharge: 562 tonnes from Kg 7.68 m
Shift: 236 tonnes from Kg 4 .20 m to a position on deck Kg 12 .2 m.

63
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-47 A ship displaces 16420 tonnes, KG 5.64 m. Cargo is, worked as

follows:
Load: 1500 tonnes at Kg 6.50 m
1200 tonnes at Kg 5 .00 m
900 tonnes at Kg 4 .20 m
1000 tonnes at Kg 8.20 m

Discharge: 220 tonnes from Kg 1.50 m.

What is the maximum amount of cargo that can be loaded on deck at

Kg 12 .00 m to ensure that the final KG does not exceed 5.80 m?

64
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-48 A ship has a KG of 6. 40 m, KM 7. 10 m and displaces 2 5000

tonnes. Calculate the moment of statical stability when the ship is
heeled to 7°.

Q-49 A vessel of 5000 tonnes displacement has a GM of 0.60 m and is

heeled by an external force to an angle of inclination of 6°. Calculate
the righting moment.

65
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-50 A ship is inclined by an external force to an angle of heel of 3°. If

the displacement is 56000 tonnes, KM is 14.8 m and KG is 14.2 m,
calculate the moment of statical stability.

Q-51 A ship has a displacement of 2 3580 tonnes and KM 9. 38 m.

Calculate the maximum KG to ensure that the ship has a righting
moment of 400 t-m when heeled by an external force to 4°.

66
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-52 A ship has an initial displacement of 12600 tonnes, KG 6.42 m

and KM 8.14 m.
(a) Calculate the moment of statical stability when the ship is heeled
to 5°.
(b) Cargo is now worked as follows: Load 200 tonnes at Kg 1.26 m;
Load 164 tonnes on deck at Kg 10.28 m;
Shift 60 tonnes from a position in the lower hold (Kg 2. 60 m) to a
position on deck (Kg 11.14 m).
Calculate the moment of statical stability now available if the ship is
heeled to 5°.
Assume KM remains constant.

67
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

68
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-58 A ship displaces 4200 tonnes and has KG 5 .60 m. Cargo is

loaded as follows:
1200 tonnes at Kg 2 .40 m
1800 tonnes at Kg 3. 80 m
1200 tonnes at Kg 4.70 m.
The ship then sails with all tanks full. On passage, 600 tonnes of fuel
is consumed from Kg 1.20 m which causes free surface moments of
240 t-m to be introduced. Assuming KM is 5.00 m, calculate the
arrival GM.

69
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-59 (a) With the aid of a sketch, explain how a free surface of liquid
in a tank reduces a vessel s transverse stability and effective
metacentric height.
(b) State the factors that influence free surface effect due to a slack
tank.

70
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-60 A ship displaces 5400 tonnes and has KG 7 .08 m and KM 8.04
m.
(a) Calculate the effective GM after an undivided double bottom tank
12 m long, 16 m wide and 1.8 m deep has been half filled with fuel oil
RD 0 .93.
(b) Calculate the effective GM if the tank in (a) had been fitted with a
centerline longitudinal oil-tight division
Assume KM remains constant.

71
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

72
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-61 (b) A ship displaces 6280 tonnes and has KG 8.88 m and KM 9
.91 m.
(i) Calculate the effective GM after a rectangular undivided double
bottom tank 13 m long, 17 m wide and 2. 2 m deep has been half filled
with water RD 1.010.
(ii) Calculate the righting moment when the ship in b(i) is heeled to an
angle of 8°.
(iii) Calculate the righting moment at an angle of heel of 8° if the tank
had been fitted with a longitudinal centerline watertight bulkhead.
Assume KM remains constant.

73
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

74
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

75
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-62 A ship arrives in port with a displacement of 26270 tonnes and

KG of 8 .46 m. Cargo is worked as follows:
Load 245 tonnes at Kg 4 .26 m
Load 231 tonnes at Kg 3.22 m
204 tonnes of salt water ballast are also taken onboard at KG 2.20 m
which causes free surface moments of 840 t-m (basis FW). Calculate
the final effective GM if the final KM is 9.32 m.

76
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-63 MV Almar has a displacement of 15760 tonnes and KG 8.64 m.

The vessel takes on fuel oil (RD 0.96) as follows:
DB tank No. 2C to a sounding of 80 cms
DB tank No. 3C to a sounding of 120 cms.
Using the sounding tables in the stability data book provided,
calculate the final effective KG.

77
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-65 A ship has a displacement of 14600 tonnes and initial KG of

8.26 m. A rectangular double bottom tank of length 14 m and breadth
12 m is equally subdivided into three compartments and is filled to a
sounding of 3 .2 m with salt water ballast (RD 1.025). If the KM for the
final condition is 8 .82 m, calculate the final effective GM.

78
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-66 MV Almar has a displacement of 19310 tonnes and KG 8.64 m.

The vessel takes on salt water ballast (RD 1.025) as follows:
DB tank No. 4C to a sounding of 140 cms
DB tank No. SC to a sounding of 40 cms
Upper cross tank to a sounding of 310 cms.
Cargo is also loaded as follows:
682 tonnes at Kg 4.68 m
232 tonnes at Kg 5.82 m
121 tonnes. on deck at Kg 16.0 m
Using the sounding tables in the stability data book provided,
calculate the final effective GM.

79
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

80
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-67 A car ferry has displacement 7400 tonnes, KG 5.58 m and KM

9.46 m. Sea water (RD 1.025) floods onto a rectangular section of a
vehicle deck that has length 60 m and breadth 18 m to a depth of
1.00 m. If the estimated Kg of the flood water is 3. 06 m, calculate
each of the following:
(a) The final displacement
(b) The loss of GM due to free surface effect of the flood water
(c) The final effective KG
(cl) The final effective GM, assuming that the KM remains unchanged
at 9.46 m.

81
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

82
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-68 MV Almar completes loading with displacement of 31000

tonnes and an effective KG of 9.04 m.
(a) Construct the curve of statical stability for the loaded condition.
(b) From the curve, determine the following:
(i) the maximum GZ value and the angle of heel at which it occurs
(ii) the range of stability
(iii)the approximate angle of heel at which deck edge immersion
takes place.
(c) Calculate the righting moment at 30° heel.

83
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

84
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

85
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-69 MV Almar completes loading with a displacement of 15000

tonnes and an effective KG of 8.64 m .
(a) Construct the curve of statical stability for the loaded condition
(b) From the curve, determine the following:
(i) the maximum GZ value and the angle of heel at which it occurs
(ii) the range of stability
(iii) the approximate angle of heel at which deck edge immersion
takes place.
(c) Calculate the righting moment at 20° heel.

86
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

87
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

88
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-70 M V Al mar arrives in port with a displacement of 2 3400 tonnes

and an effective KG of 7.92 m. The following cargo is worked:
Discharge cargo from No. 1 Hold 2040 tonnes Kg 8.62 m
Discharge cargo from No. 3 Hold 3360 tonnes Kg 5.26 m
Load cargo in No. 2 Hold 4600 tonnes Kg 6.25 m.
Salt water ballast (RD 1.025) is taken into DB tank No. 3C to a
sounding of 100 cms and DB tank No. 4C which is completely filled.
(a) Calculate the final effective KG.
(b) Construct the curve of statical stability for the final loaded
condition.
(c) From the curve, determine the following:
(i) the maximum GZ value and the angle of heel at which it occurs
(ii) the range of stability
(iii) the approximate angle of heel at which deck edge immersion
takes place.
(d) Calculate the righting moment at 35° heel.

89
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

90
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

91
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-71 A ship, initially upright, has a displacement of 3500 tonnes, KM

3.80 m and KG 3. 15 m. Calculate the list caused by shifting a weight
of 15 tonnes horizontally across the deck through a distance of 14 m.

92
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-72 An upright ship displaces 11000 tonnes and has KG 4.2 m. A

,weight of 80 tonnes is loaded in position Kg 12.0 m, 6.5 m to port of
the centerline. Calculate the final angle of list if the KM is 4. 68 m in
the final condition.

93
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-73 A ship is listed 5½0 to port. How much cargo must be loaded at
a distance of 6.0 m to starboard of the centerline to bring the ship
upright if the initial displacement is 6000 tonnes and GM is 0.48 m?

94
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-74 A ship, initially upright, has a displacement of 12640 tonnes, KG

6.20 m and KM 7.12 m. Calculate the final angle of list if 400 tonnes is
discharged from a position in the lower hold at Kg 2 .40 m, 4.60 m to
port of the centreline. Assume that the KM remains constant.

95
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-75 A ship displaces 4000 tonnes with KG 7.40 m and is initially

upright. Cargo is worked as follows:
Load 8030 tonnes at Kg 6.35 m on the centreline;
Load 530 tonnes at Kg 7 .68 m on the centreline;
Load 85 tonnes at Kg 14.10 m, 5 .80 m to starboard of the centreline;
Load 80 tonnes at Kg 1. 00 m, 3. 80 m to port of the centreline.
If the final KM is 7 .51 m, calculate the final angle of list.

96
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

97
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-76 A ship displaces 15000 tonnes with KG 5 .00 m and is initially

upright. Cargo is worked as follows:
Load 600 tonnes at Kg 4.00 m, 11 .00 m to port of the centreline;
Load 250 tonnes at Kg 6.00 m, 8 .00 m to starboard of the centreline;
Discharge 350 tonnes from Kg 8.00 m, 9 .00 m to port of the
centreline;
Discharge 450 tonnes from Kg 5.00 m, 4.00 m to starboard of the
centreline.
If the final KM is 6.423 m, calculate the final angle of list.

98
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-77 From the following information, calculate the angle of list when
the ship completes cargo: Prior to loading displacement is 12000
tonnes, KG 7.00 m and KM is 7.80 m. The ship is initially listed 3° to
starboard. Cargo is loaded as follows:
Load 95 tonnes at Kg 8 .20 m, 5.00 m to port of the centreline;
Load 30 tonnes at Kg 8 .20 m, 1.50 m to starboard of the centreline.
Assume KM remains constant.

99
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

100
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-78 From the following particulars, calculate the amount to load in

each space either side of the centreline to ensure that the ship
completes cargo upright and determine the final GM. Initial
displacement 14400 tonnes, KG 6 .84 m, GM 0. 95 m, initial list 2° to
starboard. Cargo to be loaded: 400 tonnes. Space available on each
side of the tween deck at Kg 6 .20 m, 5.00 m from the centreline.
Assume that KM remains constant at 7.79 m.

101
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-79 A ship displaces 16800 t and has KG 7.42 m and is initially listed
4° to starboard. KM 8. 96 m. Cargo is worked as follows:
Load 160 tonnes at Kg 2. 20 m, 12. 60 m to port of the centreline;
Load 250 tonnes at Kg 10.20 m, 4.00 m to starboard of the
centreline;
Discharge 196 tonnes from Kg 3.20 m, 8.66 m to port of the
centreline;
Discharge 162 tonnes from Kg 8.40 m, 3.86 m to starboard of the
centreline;
Shift 60 tonnes from a position Kg 3.40 m, 6.00 m to port of the
centreline to a position on deck Kg 11.90 m, 2 .00 m to starboard of
the centreline.
Calculate the final list. Assume KM remains constant.

102
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

103
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-80 A ship has a displacement of 14400 tonnes, KG 7.28 m and KM

8.0 m . A heavy lift of 8 5 tonnes already on board at Kg 2. 0 m is to
be moved vertically upwards and re-stowed in the tween <leek at Kg
9.0 m.
The ship’s own heavy lift derrick is to be used for the operation with
its head 20.0 m above the keel. Calculate:
(a) the minimum GM
(b) the final GM.

104
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-81 An upright ship displaces 9400 tonnes and has KG 4.20 m and
KM 4.73 m. A weight of 40 tonnes is on the quay, 9 .0 m to starboard
of the centreline, and is to be loaded by the ship’s derrick, the head
of which is 17. 7 m above the keel. If the weight is to be stowed in the
lower hold on the centreline at a Kg of 2.44 m,
calculate:
(a) the maximum angle of list during the lift
(b) the final KG.
Assume KM remains constant.

105
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

106
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-82 A ship displaces 10000 tonnes and has KG 8 .00 m, KM 9 .00 m

and is initially upright. A load of 60 tonnes is stowed on <leek at Kg
10.0 m, 6.5 m off the centreline to port. The load is to be landed on
the quay in a position 11.0 m to starboard using the ship’s own
derrick, the head of which is 16. 0 m above the keel.
Calculate:
(a) the maximum angle of list during the operation
(b) the final angle of list.
Assume KM remains constant.

107
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

108
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

109
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-83 A ship displacing 15250 tonnes has KM 8 .15 m and is upright. A

heavy lift weighing 75 tonnes is in a position Kg 12 .0 m, 5 .0 m to
starboard of the centreline. The lift is to be discharged into a barge
10. 0 m to port of the ship’s centreline using the ship’s heavy lift
derrick. If the head of the derrick is to be 2 5 m above the keel during
the operation and the list is not to exceed 7° at any time, calculate:
(a) the maximum permissible KG required prior to lifting the weight
(b) the final list after the weight has been discharged.
Assume KM remains constant.

110
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

111
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-84 A ship displacing 8000 tonnes has KM 7.60 m and has to load
two 80 tons heavy lifts situated on the quay, 12. 0 m off the centreline
using the ship sown derrick. The first ·weight is to be stowed on the
inboard side in position Kg 2.00 m, 5 .00 m off the centreline. The
second weight is to be stowed on the outboard side in position
Kg 2 .00 m, 5 .00 m off the centreline. The derrick head is 24.0 m
above the keel. Calculate the minimum GM required prior to starting
the operation to ensure that the list never exceeds 4°. Assume KM
remains constant.

112
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

113
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-85 Calculate the change of trim that occurs when a weight of 50

tonnes is transferred 20 m forward aboard a ship with MCTC 200 t-m.

Q-86 A ship has a trim of 10 cm by the head before transferring 200

tonnes of oil from No. 2 DB to No. 4 DB (a distance of 52 m aft).
Calculate the new trim, given MCTC 189.1 t-m.

Q-87 A ship floats at draughts F 6. 840 m and A 7. 140 m. Calculate

the final trim and final draughts after a weight of 42 tonnes is moved
through a distance of 60 m forward, given MCTC 105 t-m and LCF is
amidships.

114
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-88 A ship has MCTC 250 t-m. What weight would have to be moved
through a distance of 20 m to change the trim by 30 cm?

Q-89 A vessel has draughts F 6.900 m and A 7.000 m, MCTC 180 t-m.
After transferring fuel oil 60 m further aft, the draughts became F 6.
760 m and A 7. 140 m. Calculate the weight of oil transferred.

115
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-90 A ship is on an even keel at a draught of 7. 320 m. Through what

distance must a weight of 120 tonnes be moved if the ship is to be
trimmed 15 cm by the stern if MCTC is 240 t-m?

Q-91 A ship floats at draughts F 12. 240 m and A 12. 180 m. Calculate
the weight of fuel to transfer from No. 1 DB (leg 182 .5 m foap) to No.
7 DB (leg 26 .5 m foap) in order to achieve a final trim of 20 cm by the
stem. Calculate the final draughts, given that LCF is amidships and
MCTC is 200 t-m.

116
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-92 A ship completes cargo with draughts F 12 .240 m and A 13.240

m. To reduce the trim to O. 5 m by the stern prior to departure, a
quantity of fuel is to be transferred forward through a distance of 80
m. MCTC 400 t-m, LBP is 200 m and LCF is 96 m foap.
(a) Calculate the quantity to transfer.
(b) Determine the final sailing draughts.

117
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-93 A ship has draughts F 6.660 m and A 7.440 m. It is required to

cross a shoal where the depth at high water is 7.60 m with an under-
keel clearance of 0.30 m. What quantity of fuel should be transferred
through a distance of 32 m to achieve the required reduction in
draught aft? Find the final forward draught given that LBP 80 m, LCF
38 m foap and MCTC is 96 t-m.

118
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-94 A vessel has draughts F 12 .000 m and A 12 .800 m. On

passage, 540 tonnes of fuel oil are consumed from tanks 1 20 m
abaft of amidships. Calculate the arrival draughts assuming that the
LCF is amidships, TPC is 50 and MCTC is 840 t-m.

119
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-95 Prior to working cargo, a vessel floats at draughts F 5. 000 m

and A 5. 100 m. The following cargo is worked:
Load 300 tonnes 100 m foap
Load 150 tonnes 70 m foap
Load 200 tonnes 10 m foap
Discharge 400 tonnes 80 m foap.
Calculate the new draughts given LBP 120 m, LCF 60 m foap, TPC 25
and MCTC 225 t-m.

120
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

121
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-96 A ship floats at draughts F 4.300 m and A 4.800 m. The

following cargo is loaded:
55 tonnes 68 m foap
100 tonnes 38 m foap.
Calculate the draughts on completion of loading given LBP 108 m,
TPC 16, MCTC 118 t-m and LCF 52 m foap.

122
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

123
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-97 From the following information, calculate the final draughts on

completion of discharge:
Initial draughts F 5 .360 m and A 6.240 m . LBP 110 m. Cargo to
discharge: 450 tonnes from 75 m foap
510 tonnes from 40 m foap. LCF 60 m foap, TPC 12, and MCTC 48 t-
m.

124
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

125
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-98 From the following information, calculate the final draughts

forward and aft:
Initial draughtsF7.020m, A 7.150m. LBP 142 m.
Cargo is worked as follows:
Discharge 250 tonnes from 90 m foap
Discharge 19 5 tonnes from 34 m foap
Load 310 tonnes at 45 m foap
Load 307 tonnes at 27 m foap
Load 130 tonnes at 82 m foap
LCF is 66 m foap, TPC 24 and MCTC 188 m.

126
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

127
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

Q-99 From the following information, calculate:

(a) The amount of ballast to pump into the fore peak tank in order to
pass over a bar with a clearance of 0.50.
(b) The final draught forward. Depth of water over the bar: 7. 40 m.
Initial draughts: F 6.430 m, A 7.020 m Fore peak tank leg 176 m foap.
LBP 190 m. LCF 92 m foap.
MCTC 212.4 t-m. TPC 36.5.

128
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

129
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

130
 2ND MATE
SHIP STABILITY QUESTION BANK
) Prepared by Capt. A. Allahwani)

131
 M.VALMAR

STABILITY INFORMATION AND

TANK SOUNDING DATA BOOK

 Forward

M.V. Almar is a general purpose vessel. It is essentially a bulk

carrier with a single decked hull which has sheer only in way of
No. 1 hold . Protection forward is enhanced by a forecastle. Six
cargo holds are provided, each closed by hydraulically operated
end folding steel flat-topped hatch covers suitable for overloading
with deck cargoes.

The holds have upper (top) wing tanks and hopper DB side
tanks and are designed to allow grain cargoes to be more readily
trimmed level. Five 25 tonne capacity electro-hydraulic deck
cranes are fitted .

Dual purpose tanks may be used for either clean ballast or fuel
oil storage.

This stability information and tank sounding data book has

been produced for exercise purposes only and is therefore limited
in content for this purpose. The APPENDIX at the end details
the minimum information that must be supplied to the master
for the purposes of stability assessment as specified in current
legislation.

3
 Contents

1. General Particulars 7

2. Ship Profile and Layout 8-9

3. Comments on Loading 10-11

4. Hydrostatic Particulars 12-13

5. Load Lines 14-15

6. KN Values 16

7. Capacities and Centres of Gravity of Cargo Spaces,

Store Rooms and Crew and Effects 17

8. Capacities, Centres of Grravity and Free Surface

Moments of Oil Fuel Tanks 18-19
9. Capacities, Centres of Gravity and Free Surface
Moments of Lube-Oil and Engine Room Tanks 20-21

10. Capacities, Centres of Gravity and Free Surface

Moments of Water Tanks 22-23

11. Cargo Hold Data:

Cargo Hold No. 1 24
Cargo Hold No. 2 25
Cargo Hold No. 3 26
Cargo Hold No. 4 27
Cargo Hold No. 5 28
Cargo Hold No. 6 29

4
12. Ballast Tank Sounding Tables:
Fore peak tank 30
Top wing tank No. 1 P+S 31
Top wing tank No. 2 P+S 32
Top wing tank No. 3+4 P+S 33
Top wing tank No. 5 P+S 34
Top wing tank No. 6 P+S 35
Upper cross tank 36 - 37
Lower cross tank 38
DB tank No. 2 P+S 39
DB tank No. 3 P+S 40
DB tank No. 4 P+S 41
DB tank No. 5 P+S 42
DB tank No. 6 P+S 43
DB tank No. 6 C 44
13. Dual Purpose Tank Sounding Tables:
DB tank No. 1 P+S 45
DB tank No. 2 46
DB tank No. 3 C 47
DB tank No. 4 C 48
DB tank No. 5 C 49
14. Fresh Water/Feed Water Sounding Tables:
Aft peak tank 50
Tween deck tank aft P+S 51
Stern tank 52
DB tank No. 8 53
15. Fuel Oil Sounding Tables:
Deep wing tank No. 7 P (Heavy oil) 54
Deep wing tank No. 7 S (Heavy oil) 55
Service Tank P (Heavy oil) 56
DB tank No. 7 P+S (Light oil) 57
Service Tank (Light oil) 58

16. Appendix 59

5
1. General Particulars

Ship's Name: M.V. Almar

Official Number: 565 2500

Port of Registry: Glasgow

Owners: Seamanship International

Glasgow

Builders Name: Clyde Shipbuilders Govan

Glasgow

Date Keel Laid: 30th March 2001

Moulded Dimensions:
LOA: 180.3 m
LBP: 167.87 m
Breadth: 22.86 m
Depth: 13.72 m

Smr. Load Draught: 10.200 m

Block Coefficient: 0.8068

Smr. Load Displacement: 32485 t

Light Displacement: 6675 t

Light KG: 9.00 m

Deadweight: 25810 t

Gross Tonnage: 15870.84

Net Tonnage: 9136.11

7
2. Ship Profile & Layout

lwc-m Llk. lk. I' IJ«p "inc lk. No. 71'

} IOI.I) 1101.1) HOLD HOLD

Nu..J Nn.2

l.ub. oll du Dtt1> ,.-in~ lk. No. 7S

l'wC'f'n dk. lk. S
DDlk. No, 7r

8
3. Comments On Loading

When ballast tanks are filled to full capacity and are pressed-up
no free surface moments will apply. If a tank is intended to be
filled or emptied during the course of a voyage for alteration of
trim, a maximum free surface correction should be allowed for
the tank.

Ballast conditions
The hull scantlings are based upon a distribution of ballast giving
minimum bending moments. Ballast loading conditions must
comply with the tank filling requirements specified by the
classification society as stated below:

1. On a ballast voyage the following clean ballast tanks have to

be full:
Double bottom side tanks Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Double bottom centre tank No. 6
Top wing tanks Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

2. In addition, when the fore and after peaks are filled, then a
minimum of 450 tonnes must be filled in the upper and lower
cross tanks.

3. When the fore peak tank is full and the aft peak tank is empty,
the cross tanks do not have to be filled .

4. It is recommended that the vessel in ballast conditions, as well

as in loaded conditions, has a draught at the forward perpendicular
of at least 4.5 m in open waters and rough weather.

10
Ore conditions
Distribution of cargo with cargo holds Nos. 2 and 5 empty and
with the vessel full and down shall be as follows :

Hold No. 1 3 4 6
% of cargo weight 22 26 24.5 27.5

It is also assumed that the cargo is uniformly distributed over

the cargo holds length and breadth.

11
4. M. V. Almar - Hydrostatic Particulars

Draught Displ. TPC MCTC LCB LCF KB KlVIL KlVIT

m t t t-m m m m m m
SW SW SW FOAP FOAP Above Above
RD 1.025 RD 1.025 RD 1.025 Base Base
3.(X) 8770 31.35 302 87.34 87.3 I J.55 586 14.94
3. 10 9090 31.39 303 87 .34 87 .26 1.60 566 14.58
3.20 94CXl 31.43 304 37.33 87.21 1.66 548 14.23
3.30 9720 31.48 305 87 .33 87.15 1.71 531 13.92
3.40 HXl30 31.52 306 87.32 87.11 1.76 515 13.62
3.50 J()350 31.55 306 87.32 87 .06 1.81 500 13.32
3.60 !0660 31.58 307 87.32 87.02 1.86 486 13.04
3.70 J()980 31.60 307 87.31 86.98 J.91 473 12.80
3.80 11 290 31.62 307 87.30 86.94 J.97 461 12.58
3.90 116!0 31.65 308 87.29 86.90 2.02 449 12.34
4.CXl 11930 31.68 308 87.28 86.86 2.07 438 12.16
4. JO 12240 31.71 308 87 .27 86.78 2.12 427 I J.97
4.20 12560 31.74 308 87.25 86.70 2.17 417 11.79
4.30 12880 31.76 308 87 .24 86.61 2.22 407 11.62
4.40 13200 31.78 309 87 .22 86.52 2.27 398 l J.46
4.50 13520 31.81 309 87.20 86.44 2.32 389 11.32
4.60 13840 31.84 310 87.19 86.41 2.37 381 11.18
4.70 14160 31.87 310 87.17 86.38 2.42 373 1J.05
4.80 14480 31.90 31 I 87.15 86.36 2.48 366 l0.93
4.90 14800 31.93 311 87.13 86.34 2.53 358 l0.81
5.CXl 15120 31.96 312 87.11 86.32 2.58 351 10.7(1
5. 10 15440 32.<Xl 312 87 .09 86.30 2.63 345 l0.60
5.20 15760 32.()4 313 87 .08 86.27 2.68 339 l0.50
5.30 16080 32.07 314 87.06 86.25 2.73 333 l0.41
5.40 16400 32.IO 315 87.05 86.23 2.78 328 l0.32
5.50 16720 32.14 316 87 .03 86.21 2.83 322 10.24
5.60 17040 32.18 317 87 .02 86.18 2.88 317 I() II,
5.70 17370 32.22 318 87 .00 86.15 2.93 312 10.09
5.80 17690 32.26 319 86.99 86.12 2.99 307 I0.02
5.90 18020 32.30 320 86.97 86.09 3.()4 303 9.96
6.CXl 18340 32.34 321 86.95 86.05 3.09 299 9.90
6.10 18660 32.38 322 86.94 86.01 3. 14 295 9.85
6.20 18990 32.42 323 86.92 85.97 3. 19 291 9.80
6.30 19310 32.46 324 86.91 85 .93 3.24 287 9.75
6.40 19640 32.51 325 86.89 85 .89 3.29 283 9.70
6.50 19960 32.56 327 86.87 85.84 3.34 279 9.66
6.60 20290 32.61 328 86.86 85 .78 3.39 276 9.62
6.70 20610 32.66 329 86.84 85 .72 3.44 273 CJ.58
6.H0 2(]()40 12.71 331 86.82 85 .66 3.50 270 () ss
6.90 21270 32.76 333 86.80 85 .60 3.55 267

12
Draught Displ. TPC MCTC LCB LCF KB Kl\!IL Kl\!IT
7.00 ?]600 32.82 335 86.78 85.53 3.60 265 9.49
7. JO 21930 32.88 337 86.76 85.45 3.65 262 9.46
7.20 22260 32.94 339 86.74 85 .37 3.70 260 9.44
7.30 22590 33.(X) 341 86.72 85.28 3.76 258 9.42
7.40 22920 33.07 343 86.70 85.19 3.81 256 9.40
7.50 23250 33.13 345 86.67 85. JO 3.86 254 9.39
7.60 23580 33.20 347 86.65 85.0J 3.91 525 9.37
7.70 23920 33.27 349 86.63 84.92 3.96 250 3.36
7.80 24250 33.34 351 86.61 84.82 4.02 248 9.35
7.90 24590 33.41 353 86.58 84.72 4.07 246 9.34
8.(Xl 24920 33.48 355 86.55 84.62 4.12 ?45 9.33
8.10 25250 33.55 357 86.53 84.51 4.17 243 9.32
8.20 25590 33.63 359 86.50 84.40 4.22 242 9.32
8.30 25930 33.71 362 86.47 84.29 4.28 240 9.31
8.40 26270 33.79 365 86.44 84.17 4.33 238 9.31
8.50 266]() 33.87 368 86.41 84.05 4.38 237 9.31
8.60 26950 33.95 370 86.38 83 .94 4.43 236 9.3 l
8.70 27290 34.03 373 86.35 83.83 4.48 234 9.3'l
8.80 27630 34.ll 375 86.32 83 .72 4.54 233 9.32
8.90 27970 34.19 378 86.29 83.62 4.59 232 9.33
9.<XJ 283 JO 34.27 381 86.25 83.52 4.64 231 9.34
9. 10 28650 34.35 384 86.22 83 .41 4.69 230 9.35
9.20 28990 34.43 386 86.19 83.30 4.74 'l29 9.36
9.30 29340 34.51 389 86.15 83 .20 4.80 228 9.37
9.40 29690 34.59 391 86.12 83.JO 4.85 227 9.38
9.50 3(X)40 34.67 394 86.09 83.00 4.90 226 9.39
9.60 30390 34.75 396 86.05 82 .90 4.96 225 9.40
9.70 30740 34.82 399 86.01 82 .80 5.01 224 9.41
9.80 31090 34.89 401 85 .97 82.70 5.(J6 223 9.43
9.90 31440 34.96 404 85.93 82.60 5.ll 22] 9.44
10.00 31790 35.03 406 85 .89 82.50 5.17 220 9.46
JO.JO 32140 35. JO 409 85.86 82.41 5.22 'l]9 9.47
10.20 32490 35.17 41] 85.82 82.32 5.27 218 9.49
j(J.3() 32840 35.24 413 85.78 82.24 5.33 217 9.51
10.40 33190 35.3] 415 85 .74 82.16 5.38 'll6 9.53
10.50 33540 35.38 418 85.70 82.08 5.44 215 9.55
10.60 33890 35.45 420 85.66 82.00 5.49 214 9.57
10.70 142'i0 35.52 423 85 .62 81.93 5.55 213 q _~()
10 80 ,,1/'.;lfl 1'i 'j() 425 85 .59 81.86 5.60 212 2 61
J0.90 34970 35.66 427 85.55 81.79 5.65 21 l 9.63
ll .00 35330 35.72 429 85 .51 81.72 5.71 2JO 9.66

These hydrostatics have been developed with the vessel floating

on an even keel.
13
5. Load Lines

(Dimensions in mm) Summer freehnard 3553 mm Draught 10.200 m

Winter freehnard 3765 mm Draught 9.988 m
Tropical freehoard 3341 mm Draught J().4/2 m

3553 TF

F RD J.000 (FW)

t
--r
212
T 231

s
t HD 1.025 (SW)

212
_J_
w

14 15
6. M. V. Almar - KN Values (metres)

ANGLE OF HEEL- DEGREES

DISPLACEMENT (l) 10 20 30 40 60 80
7(Xl0 ?.97 5.35 6.72 7.55 8.53 8.32
8(Xl0 2.75 5.10 6.52 7.47 8.60 8.35
9<Xl0 ?.56 4.87 6.38 7.40 8.65 8.38
JOO<Xl 2.39 4.65 6.22 7.34 8.69 8.40
I JOO() 2.25 4.45 6. JO 7.28 8.7 I 8.40
1201Xl 2.13 4.26 5.97 7.24 8.70 8.40
J30(X) 2.03 4. JO 5.86 7.20 8.69 8.40
140(Xl 1.94 3.95 5.75 7.16 8.67 8.39
150(Xl 1.88 3.83 5.65 7.14 8.63 8.38
16000 1.82 3.72 5.58 7.10 8.58 8.36
17000 1.78 3.63 5.50 7.05 8.54 8.34
180(Xl 1.74 3.55 5.44 7.01 8.48 8.32
1901Xl 1.70 3.49 5.36 6.96 8.44 8.30
200<Xl I r,q 3.45 s ,n 6.90 8.38 8.28
2JO<Xl I r-.r-. 3.40 ''i?S 6.85 8.34 8.25
220<Xl 1.65 3.36 5.20 6.80 8.28 8.23
230(Xl 1.65 3.34 5.15 6.72 8.23 8.22
240(Xl 1.64 3.32 5. 10 6.65 8.17 8.17
250(Xl 1.64 3.31 5.08 6 .58 8. 11 8.15
260<Xl 1.64 3.30 5.(}4 6.50 8.06 8.14
270(Xl 1.64 3.30 5.!Xl 6.44 8.00 8.11
2801Xl 1.65 3.31 4.95 6.36 7.93 8.10
290!Xl 1.65 3.31 4.93 6.30 7.86 8.07
3001Xl 1.65 3.31 4.89 6.22 7.80 8.05
3101X) 1.65 3.32 4.84 6 .14 7.74 8.03
320(X) 1.66 3.34 4.80 6.06 7.69 8.00
330!Xl 1.66 3.36 4.75 5.99 7.62 7.99
The m lumes of b110Jn11cy inrlude poop and furec-mllt! but 1101 hntrhe.~.

16