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Conservation of Tigers in India

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141 views14 pages

Conservation of Tigers in India

Uploaded by

hemesh7204
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Don Bosco Institute of Technology

Department of Information Technology

Conservation of Tigers
In India
Prepared By:
02 Ashna Brito
04 Dushyant Bhagwat
11 Hemesh Chopade
14. Edel Dsouza
45. John Joy
48. Reeve Rodrigues
49 Roshelle Rozario
54 Masud Shaikh
66 Cyril Sequeira
INTRODUCTION
1. Ecological Role: Tigers are apex predators, essential for maintaining the
balance of ecosystems by regulating prey populations, which helps prevent
overgrazing.

2. Global Importance: India is home to over 75% of the world's wild tiger
population, making the country's conservation efforts critical on a global scale.

3. Project Tiger: Launched in 1973, Project Tiger has expanded to 53 tiger


reserves, playing a major role in protecting tiger habitats and stabilizing
populations.

4. Conservation Challenges: Despite successes, threats such as habitat loss,


poaching, and human-wildlife conflict continue to endanger tiger populations,
necessitating ongoing conservation efforts.

Introduction : Hemesh
IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATION
1. Boosts Local Economies: Tiger conservation drives wildlife tourism, creating
jobs and generating revenue in rural areas.

2. Supports Community Development: Conservation efforts benefit local


communities by improving infrastructure and providing employment
opportunities.

3. Protects Ecosystems: Preserving tiger habitats helps maintain forests that


offer essential services like clean air and water regulation.

4. Fights Climate Change: Conserving forests for tigers contributes to carbon


sequestration, helping combat climate change and benefiting global well-being.

Chapter 1: Reeve
Current State of Tiger Conservation in India

1)Challenges:
- Habitat saturation: Tiger reserves near capacity, needing expansion.
- Habitat fragmentation: Urbanization and infrastructure isolate populations.
- Human-tiger conflicts: Increasing as tigers move into human areas.
- Reduced poaching: Still impacted by traps set for smaller animals.

2)Key Threats to Tiger Populations:


- Habitat loss: Deforestation and development fragment tiger habitats.
- Human-wildlife conflict: Retaliatory killings due to livestock loss or attacks.
- Prey depletion: Poaching reduces food supply for tigers.
- Genetic diversity loss: Inbreeding in isolated populations weakens resilience.
- Climate change: Rising sea levels threaten Sundarbans habitat.
- Disease: Viruses like Canine Distemper spread from domestic animals.

Chapter 2: Ashna & Masud


Key Tiger Conservation Initiatives in India
1. Project Tiger (1973):
- Expanded from 9 to 50+ reserves.
- Tiger population increased from ~1,800 to 2,967 (2018).
- Focus on habitat management, anti-poaching, community involvement.

2. Terai Arc Landscape Initiative:


- Restored forests and wildlife corridors.
- Reduced human-wildlife conflict, boosting tiger numbers.

3. Sundarbans Tiger Reserve:


- Focused on climate change adaptation and community-driven conservation.
- Stable tiger population with local community involvement.

4. Maharashtra Tiger Project:


- Anti-poaching and habitat restoration boosted tiger numbers.
- Corridor connectivity allows tiger movement between reserves.

5. Community-Based Conservation in Rajasthan:


- Engaged local communities through ecotourism and alternative livelihoods.
- Increased tiger sightings and strengthened human-wildlife relations.

Chapter 2: Ashna & Masud


Tiger conservation efforts in India
Overview of the Tiger Census

- What is the Tiger Census?


- Conducted every four years.
- Assesses tiger populations and habitats.

- Methods Used:
- Camera Trapping: Uses motion-sensitive cameras to capture images of tigers.
- GIS Technology: Maps habitats and tracks tiger movement.
- Pugmark & DNA Analysis: Identifies individual tigers and estimates population.

- Why It’s Important:


- Tracks tiger population trends.
- Informs policy and conservation strategies.
- Helps mitigate threats like poaching and habitat loss.
Tiger conservation efforts in India
1. NTCA: Established in 2005, the National Tiger Conservation Authority
oversees tiger conservation and Project Tiger in India.

2. Key Functions: NTCA monitors anti-poaching efforts, protects habitats, and


implements community relocation programs to mitigate human-wildlife conflict.

3. Tiger Census: Conducted every four years, the census assesses tiger
populations and habitats using methods like camera trapping and GIS
technology.

4. 2018 Census Results: The census revealed 2,967 tigers in India, a 33% increase
since 2014, showcasing effective conservation strategies.

Chapter 3: Edel & John


Tiger conservation efforts in India
Key Insights and Future Directions
- Key Findings:
- Increase in tiger numbers due to conservation.
- Identification of critical habitats needing protection.
- Understanding movement patterns and threats.

- Challenges:
- Inaccessible habitats.
- Poaching and human-wildlife conflict.
- Climate change impacts.

- Future Directions:
- Use of drones and advanced technology.
- Community involvement in conservation.
- Strengthening anti-poaching laws and international cooperation.
Tiger conservation efforts in India
5. Tiger Reserve Structure: Reserves consist of core zones (protected areas)
and buffer zones (regulated human activities) to support both wildlife and
local communities.

6. Jim Corbett National Park: The first reserve under Project Tiger, located in
Uttarakhand, known for its rich biodiversity and tiger population.

7. Ranthambore National Park: Located in Rajasthan, it is renowned for its high


tiger density and historic ruins, drawing many visitors.

8. Sundarbans National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site in West Bengal,


noted for its mangrove ecosystem and the Royal Bengal Tiger, adapted to
coastal environments.
Chapter 3: Edel & John
Community involvement and awareness ​

1. Role of Local Communities


Vital for protecting tiger habitats and reducing human-wildlife conflict.
Active involvement reduces poaching and promotes habitat protection.

2. Awareness Campaigns:
Foster a collective responsibility for tiger conservation.
Encourage participation through education and training programs.

3. Successful Models:
Ranthambore: Eco-Development Committees (EDCs) for alternative livelihoods.
Sundarbans: Trawler-based eco-tourism reducing man-tiger conflicts.

4. Man-Tiger Encounters:
Community education helps prevent conflicts.
Technology like SMS alerts and apps help monitor tiger movements.
Chapter 4: Dushyant
Education and Awareness Campaigns to Reduce Man-Tiger Conflicts

1. Workshops and Training Programs:-


- Educate local communities on safe practices for living near tiger habitats.
- Encourage behaviors like avoiding known tiger areas and securing livestock properly

2. Use of Technology:-
- Villages near reserves are alerted via SMS or mobile apps when tigers are detected
nearby.

3. School Programs :-
- Children are taught about tiger conservation and safe behaviors around wildlife.
- Fosters a more aware and proactive generation.

4. Signage and Information Campaigns :-


- Use of posters, signage, and community meetings to inform locals about tiger behavior.
- Provides guidance on how to avoid encounters and what to do if they spot a tiger.

Chapter 4: Cyril
Overview of Future Directions for Tiger Conservation

1. Current Challenges:
- Habitat fragmentation due to infrastructure and urbanization.
- Poaching and illegal wildlife trade.
- Human-wildlife conflict, particularly in villages near tiger habitats.
- Climate change impacting ecosystems.

2. Key Conservation Strategies:


- Technology Integration: Use of camera traps, AI monitoring, GPS collars, and
drones for better surveillance and anti-poaching efforts.
- Habitat Restoration: Creating wildlife corridors to connect fragmented
habitats, supporting tiger movement and genetic diversity.
- Community Involvement: Empowering local communities with eco-tourism,
compensation for livestock loss, and conservation incentives.

Chapter 5: Roshelle
Conclusion

The conservation of tigers in India is critical not only for preserving biodiversity but
also for maintaining ecological balance. India's efforts, such as Project Tiger, have
made significant strides in protecting tiger habitats, curbing poaching, and increasing
the tiger population.

However, continued vigilance is necessary, as threats like habitat fragmentation,


human-wildlife conflict, and illegal wildlife trade persist. Strengthening conservation
policies, fostering community engagement, and ensuring sustainable practices are
essential to safeguarding the future of tigers in India.

A collective effort from the government, local communities, and global organizations
will ensure that tigers continue to thrive in their natural environment.

Chapter 5: Reeve
THANKYOU

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