I’m proud of the way you worked today • .

CHAPTER :1
CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS

QUESTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS 1. What is a chemical equation? Illustrate with
an example.
It is a change in which one or more substance
react to form new substance with entirely dif- 2. Define a chemical reaction. Which observa-
ferent properties. tions help you to determine whether a
chemical reaction has taken place ?
Eg :
3. How would you justify that a chemical re-
action has taken place in following cases?
i) burning of magnesium ribbon in air
ii) Addition of lead nitrate solution to
potassium iodide solution
Reactant iii) Addition of dilute hydrochloric acid
• Substance that changes or undergo when to zinc granules.
it is combined with another substance in CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
a chemical reactions/ substance which
participate in a chemical reactions are A chemical equation is the symbolic repre-
called reactants. sentation of a chemical reaction. Symbols
and formulae of the reactants and products
• Reactants are always written in left side. are used for the same.
Product Eg : the reaction of burning of methane gas
• Materials that are produced as a direct can be written in words as :
result of chemical reactions.
• Products are always written in right side.
IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL RE-
ACTIONS
A chemical reaction are identified by
i) change in state
This equation is called word equation.
ii) change in colour
The word equation can be changed into a
iii) Evolution of gas chemical equation by writing symbol and
iv) Change in temperature formulae of the substance in place of their
name.
v) Formation of precipitate

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 Keep working on it, you’re almost there! • .

ELEMENT NO OF AT- NO OF
OMS IN RE- ATOMS
ACTANT IN PROD-
SIDE UCT SIDE
Fe 1 3

H 2 2

Skeletal Chemical Equations O 1 4

It is an unbalanced chemical equations,

where the number of atoms of reactants and
products are unequal. Step : 3
start with the maximum no of atoms either
at the reactant side and product side.
BALANCED CHEMICAL Here it is Oxygen (O). One at the reactant
side and 4 at the product side. So in order to
EQUATIONS
make it same we multiply O at reactant side
A balanced chemical equations is that in with 4.
which the total number of atoms of each
elements are equal in both sides (Reactant
and products) of the equations.
The balanced chemical equations is based Step : 4
on law of conservation of mass. According
to the law “ mass can neither be created nor Now look at elements other than O, here the
be destroyed during a chemical reaction “ no of H atoms at reactant side is 4 × 2 = 8
And at product side it is 2. so to make it
The method used for balancing the chemi- same, we multiply the H2 at product side by
cal equations is called hit and trail method. 4.
Balancing of Chemical Equations
Step : 1
Write the skeletal (unbalanced simple)
Step : 5
equation and draw boxes around each for-
mula. If there is any other atom that is not bal-
anced, make it balanced by multiplying with
suitable number..
Here Fe is not balanced.
Do not change anything inside the boxes.
Step : 2
Draw the table
Writing the physical stages :
(g), (l), (s) are used to represent the gaseous,

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 Nothing can stop you now • .
liquid and solid state. (aq) is used for aque-
ous solution. These representation are added
along of the reactants and products to make
the equation more informative
(iii) Reaction
between hydrogen gas and oxy-
QUESTIONS gen gas to form water.
4. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned
before burning in air?
5. Why is it necessary to obtain a balanced
chemical equation? QUESTIONS
6. Name and state the law which is kept in 8. Define a combination reaction. Give one
mind while we balance a chemical equation. example of a combination reaction which
7. Write the skeletal equation for the following is also exothermic.
reactions: 9. A small amount of quick lime is added to
i) Hydrogen sulphide reacts with sulphur water in a beaker.
dioxide to form sulphur and water. (i) Name and define the type of reaction
that has taken place.
ii) Methane on burning combines with ox-
ygen to produce carbon dioxide and (ii) Write balanced chemical equation for
water. the above reaction

TYPES OF CHEMICAL 2. DECOMPOSITION REACTION

REACTIONS A reaction in which a single reactant breaks
down to form two or more products, is
1. COMBINATION REACTION known as decomposition reaction. This re-
A reaction in which two or more reactants action is opposite to combination reaction
combine to form a single product, is called On the basis of the form of energy required
combination reaction for the reaction, these reactions are of three
types:
Eg :
2.1Thermal decomposition
(i) Calcium oxide (quick lime) reacts vigor-
ously with water to form calcium hy- These reactions use the energy in the form
droxide (slaked lime). The reaction is of heat for decomposition of the reactant.
highly exothermic, as a lot of heat is pro- Eg :
duced during the reaction.
a) Calcium carbonate on heating decom-
poses to give calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide. Calcium oxide is used for man-
ufacturing of cement.

(ii) Burning of coal.

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 Whatever you do, do it well • .

(b) Ferrous sulphate, the green colour crys-

2.3 photolysis or photochemical
tals FeSO4.7H2O on heating lose water
of crystallisation and forms dehydrated decomposition
FeSO4, which on decomposition gives These reactions involve the use of light energy
ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide, (SO2) and for the purpose of decomposition.
sulphur trioxide, (SO3). Ferric oxide is Eg :
a solid, while SO2 and SO3 are gases.
(a) When silver chloride is exposed to sun
light, it decomposes to give silver metal
and chlorine gas.

(c) On heating lead nitrate, it decomposes

to give yellow lead monoxide, nitrogen (b) silver bromide gives silver metal and bro-
dioxide and oxygen gas. mie gas in the presence of sunlight

( The decomposition of silver halides are

used in black and white photography).
2.2 Electrolysis
QUESTIONS
These reactions involve the use of electrical
energy for the decomposition of the reac- 10.Define a decomposition reaction write a
tant Molecules chemical equation to represent a chemical
Eg : reaction
(a) When electric current is passed through wa- 11.Write one equation each for decomposition
ter, it decomposes to give oxygen and hy- reaction, in which energy is supplied in the
drogen. form of heat, light or electricity.
12.What type of reaction will occur when sil-
ver chloride is exposed to sunlight
13.Discuss the importance of decomposition
(b)When electric current is passed through reaction in metal industries with three
molten sodium chloride, it decomposes to points
give sodium metal and chlorine gas.

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 Every moment is a fresh beginning • .

3. EXOTHERMIC AND ENDO-

THERMIC REACTIONS (b)

3.1 EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS :

The reactions which are accompanied by
the evolution of heat, are called exothermic
reactions (combustion reaction) or the reac- (c) NH4Cl (s) + Heat → NH3 (g) + HCl (g)
tions in which heat is released along with Ammonium Ammonia Hydrochloric acid
the formation of products are called exo-
Chloride
thermic reactions.
(d) NH4Cl + Ba(OH)2 → 2H2O + 2NH3 + BaCl2
Eg :
QUESTIONS
(a) Burning of natural gas ( combustion reac
tion) 14. What are exothermic and endothermic
reaction? Give examples.
15. Why is respiration considered as exother-
mic reaction?
16. Are all decomposition reactions endo-
thermic and all combination reactions
exothermic.

(b) Burning of magnesium ribbon EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC

REACTIONS REACTIONS
An exothermic re- Endothermic reac-
action is one that tions are chemical
releases energy in reactions that pro-
the form of light or duce products by
(c) The decomposition of vegetable matter into heat absorbing heat ener-
compost is also an example of exothermic re- gy.
action.
Heat is produced as The process involves
3.2 ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS : a byproduct of the the use of heat ener-
The reactions which occur by the absorp- process. gy.
tion of heat energy (either in the form of The energy is re- The energy is ab-
light or electricity ), are called endothermic leased from the sys- sorbed from the sur-
reactions. tem to its environ- rounding into the
Eg : ment. reaction.
Rusting iron, set- Melting ice, evapo-
(a) photosynthesis is an endothermic pro-
ting chemical ration, cooking, gas
cess. All decomposition reactions are
bonds, explosions, molecules, photo-
endothermic reactions.
nuclear fission are a synthesis are few
few examples. examples

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 There is no substitute for hard work • .
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENDOTHER- 4.2 DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
MIC AND EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
REACTION
4. DISPLACEMENT REACTION
When a more reactive element displaces
less reactive element from its compound, it
is called displacement reaction.
This reaction is of two types
• Single displacement reaction
• The reaction in which two different ions
• Double displacement reaction or group of atoms in the reactant mole-
4.1 SINGLE DISPLACEMENT cules are displaced by each other is
called double displacement reaction.
REACTION
• It is also called precipitation reaction as
precipitate is produced in such reactions.
Examples
(a) On adding sodium sulphate to barium
chloride, a curdy white precipitate of bar-
It is a type of chemical reaction where an ium sulphate and a solution of sodium
element reacts with a compound and takes chloride are formed.
the place of another element in that com-
pound is called single displacement.
Examples
(b) On adding silver nitrate solution to sodi-
a) Zinc being more reactive than Cu, dis- um bromide, a yellow precipitate of silver
places Cu from CuSO4, solution and bromide and solution of sodium nitrate are
forms new product, (ZnSO4) zinc sul- formed
phate and Cu metal.

QUESTIONS
b) iron being more reactive than Cu displac-
17. What is the difference between displace-
es copper from aqueous solution of cop-
ment and double displacement reaction?
per sulphate.
Write equations for both type of reactions
18. What do you mean by precipitation reac-
tion? Explain by giving examples.
5. OXIDATION REACTIONS
It can be defined as: The process in which oxy-
gen is added to a substance. Or The process in
which hydrogen is removed from a substance.

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Whatever you are, be a good one • .
Examples

OXIDISING AGENT : The substance which

can bring about oxidation of other substances
QUESTIONS
is called an oxidising agent.
19. Identify the oxidising agent in the follow-
6. REDUCTION REACTIONS:
ing
It can be defined as the process in which oxy-
I. V2O5 +5Ca→2V+5CaO
gen is removed from a substance OR The pro-
cess in which hydrogen is added to a sub- II. CuO+H2→Cu+H2O
stance.
20. Identify the reducing agent in the follow-
ing reaction?
I. 4NH3+ 5O2→4NO+6H2O
II. Fe2O3+ 3CO→2Fe+3CO2
REDUCING AGENT: The substance which CORROSION
can bring about reduction of other substance is
The phenomenon due to which open surface of
called a reducing agent.
the metals are slowly eaten away by the reac-
7. REDOX REACTIONS tion of air, water and chemicals present in the
atmosphere, is called corrosion.
Those reactions in which oxidation and reduc-
tion take place simultaneously, are called re- THE METHODS TO PREVENT
dox reactions. CORROSION
(i) In the following reaction, the copper (II) • Painting
oxide is losing oxygen and is being re-
duced. Whereas, oxygen is added to hy- • Galvanization
drogen and is being oxidized. • Greasing/Oiling
• Alloying
RANCIDITY
It is the process of slow oxidation of oil and fat
present in the food materials resulting in the
change of smell and taste in them.
(ii) In the following reaction, HCL is oxi- THE METHODS TO PREVENT
dised to Cl2 whereas, MnO2 reduced to RANCIDITY
MNCl2
• keeping food materials in air - tight
containers.

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Education is the key to success • .
• Refrigeration of cooked food at low 3. Which of the following statements about
temperatures. the given reaction are correct ?
• Packing of food items like potato wa-
fers etc., in packets
QUESTIONS (i) Iron metal is getting oxidized.
(ii) Water is getting reduced
21. Explain two ways by which food industries (iii) Water is acting as reduction agent.
prevent rancidity (iv) Water is acting oxidising agent
22. What is rusting of iron? How is it prevent-
ed? (a) (i),(ii) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
23. What is meant by rancidity? State two
methods to prevent it. 4. Barium chloride on reacting with ammoni-
um sulphate forms barium sulphate and am-
24. Oil and fat containing food items are
monium chloride. Which of the following
flushed with nitrogen. Why?
correctly represents the type of the reaction
25. Why do we apply paint on iron articles? involved ?
MULTILPE CHOICE QUESTIONS
i) Displacement reaction
1. In a double displacement reaction such as (ii) Precipitation reaction
the reaction between sodium sulphate solu- (iii) Combination reaction
tion and barium chloride solution : (iv) Double displacement reaction

(1) Exchange of atoms takes place (a) (i) only (b) (ii) only
(2) Exchange of ions takes place (c) (iv) only (d) (ii) and (iv)
(3) A precipitate is produced
5. Which among the following is (are) double
(4) An insoluble salt is produced
displacement reaction (s) ?
(a) (2) and (4) (b) (1) and (3)
(c) only (2) (d) (2), (3) and (4)
2. Which among the following statement (s)
is (are) true ?
Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for (a) (i) and (iv) (b) (ii) only
a long duration turns grey due to (c) (i) and (ii) (d) (iii) and (iv)

(i) The formation of silver by decompose 6. When hydrogen sulphate gas is passed
tion of silver chloride. through a blue solution of copper sulphate,
(ii) sublimation of silver chloride. a black precipitate of copper sulphate is ob-
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from tained and the sulphuric acid so formed re-
silver chloride. mains in the solution. The reaction is an
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride. example of a :
(a) Combination reaction
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (b) Displacement reaction
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iv) only (c) Decomposition reaction

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 There is no substitute for hard work • .
(d) Double displacement reaction (b) evaporation of water
(c) dilution of an acid
7. Strong heating of ferrous leads to the for-
(d) none of these
mation of a brown solid and two gases.
This reaction can be categorised as 15. Which of the following is not a physical
(a) Displacement and redox. change?
(b) Decomposition and redox (a) Dissolution of salt water
(c) Displacement and endothermic (b) melting of ice to water
(d) Decomposition and exothermic. (c) boiling of water to give water vapour
(d) combustion of LPG
8. The formation of CuO from copper in the
presence of oxygen represents: 2 Mark Short answer questions
(a) oxidation (b) reduction
16. (a) Why do we need to balance a chemical
(c) redox reaction (d) none
equation?
9. The correct formula of rust is:
(b) Using the chemical formulae write
(a) Fe2O3.H2O (b) Fe3O3 balanced chemical equations for the fol-
(c) Fe2O4 (d) none lowing reactions:
(i) Carbon disulphide burns in air to give
10. Rancidity occurs when oils and fats are: carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
(a) oxidised (b) reduced (ii) Potassium metal reacts with water to
(c) decomposed (d) none give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen
11. The reaction gas?
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 is a 17. Balance the following equations:
(a) decomposition reaction
(b) combination reaction
(c) displacement reaction
(d) isomerisation reaction
12. Which of the following is not a chemical
reaction?
(a) sourcing of milk 18.Write the balanced chemical equation for
(b) dissolution of sugar in water the following reactions
(c) rusting of iron
(a) Sodium reacts with sulphuric acid gives
(d) digestion of food
sodium sulphate and hydrogen.
13. When a small amount of acid is added to
(b) Calcium Carbonate on reaction with
water ,the phenomena which occur are.
hydrochloric acid gives calcium chlo-
(a) dilution
ride, water and carbon dioxide
(b) neutralisation
(c) formation of H2O+ ions (c) When lead nitrate is heated, it forms
(d) salt formation lead oxide, oxygen and brown fumes
of nitrogen dioxide
14. Which of the following are exothermic
processes? (d) When copper is heated in air.
(a) Sublimation of camphor
19. Write the balanced chemical equation for
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Be better than yesterday • .
the process of photosynthesis and the 27. Balance the chemical equations and iden-
conditions of the reaction giving physical tify the type of reaction:
states of all the substance.
20.Classify the following chemical reactions as
exothermic or endothermic:
(i) Electrolysis of water. 28. Write the skeletal equation for the fol-
(ii) Burning of natural gas. lowing reactions :

(iii) Decomposition of calcium carbonate. 1. Hydrogen sulphide reacts with Sul-

phur dioxide to form sulphur and
(iv) Burning of magnesium ribbon in air. water.
21. An iron rod gets coated with a film of 2. Methane on burning combines with
brown coat when kept in open for a few oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
days. Why does it occur? Name the phe- and water.
nomenon responsible for it. Also, write
the name and the formula of the brown 3. Why do we balance a chemical re-
substance coated on the iron rod. action ?

22. What is a balanced chemical equation? 29. Write balanced chemical equations for
Why should chemical equations be bal- the following reactions :
anced? (i) Calcium carbonate on reaction with
23. Why do we store silver chloride in dark hydrochloric acid gives calcium
coloured bottles? chloride, water and carbon dioxide.

24. Define the terms (ii) Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen under
pressure to form ammonia.
i. exothermic reaction
30. A compound ’A’ is used in the manufac-
ii. redox reaction with example? ture of cement. When dissolved in water,
3 mark questions it evolves a large amount of heat and
forms compound ’B’.
25. What is oxidation - reduction (redox)
reaction? Justify your answer by writing (i) Identify A and B
one such chemical equation and name (ii) Write chemical equation for the re-
the substance oxidised and the substance action of A with water.
reduced in it.
(iii) List two types of reaction in which
26. Mention with reason the colour changes
this reaction may be classified.
observed when:
31. Lead nitrate solution is added to a test
(i) Silver Chloride is exposed to sun-
tube containing potassium iodide solu-
light
tion
(ii) Copper powder is strongly heated in
(a) Write the name and colour of the
the presence of oxygen
compound precipitated.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper
(b) Write the balanced chemical equa-
sulphate solution
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 Always have an attitude of gratitude • .
tion for the reaction involved. (a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen
to form ammonia
(c) Name the type of this reaction justi-
fying your answer. (b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to
give water and sulphur dioxide
32. Write two observations each for the fol-
lowing chemical reactions : (c) Barium chloride reacts with alumini-
um sulphate to give aluminium chlo-
(i) Dilute sulphuric acid is poured over
ride and a precipitate of barium sul-
zinc granules.
phate
(ii) Potassium iodide solution is added
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to
to lead nitrate solution.
give potassium hydroxide and hydro-
(iii) Lead nitrate is strongly heated in a gen.
hard glass test tube.
36. Balance the following chemical equa-
33. The following diagram displays a chemical tions and identify the type of chemical
reaction . Observe carefully and answer the reaction:
following questions

37. Write the balanced chemical equation for

the following and identify the type of
(a) Identify the type of chemical reac- reaction in each case.
tion that will take place and define
it. How will the colour of the salt
change ?
(b) Write the chemical equation of the
reaction that takes place.
(c) Mention one commercial use of this
salt.
34. A metal X left in moist air for a longer 38. Differentiate between an exothermic and
time, loses its shiny brown surface and endothermic reaction. Write one exam-
gains a green coat. Why has this hap- ples of each one of these reactions in the
pened ? Name and give chemical formula form of balanced chemical equations.
of this given coloured compound and 39. Explain the following in terms of gain or
identify the metal. List two ways to pre- loss of oxygen with two examples each.
vent this process.
(i) Oxidation
(5 mark questions)
(ii) Reduction
35. Translate the following statements into
chemical equations and balance them:
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Take every problem as a challenge • .
ASSERTION AND REASONING equal to total mass of products
43. Assertion (A):
For the following questions, two statements are
PbO + C → Pb + CO is a redox reaction
given-one labelled as
Reason (R) : PbO is reduced and C is
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason
oxidised
(R). Select the correct answer to these ques-
tions from the codes (a) ,(b), (c) and (d) as giv- 44. Assertion (A): C + O2 → CO2 + Heat
en below; energy is as exothermic reaction.

(a) Both (A) and (B) are true but (R) is Reason (R) : In the above reaction heat
correct explanation of the assertion. energy is absorbed.

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is 45. Assertion (A) : Iron articles gets rusted
not the correct explanation of the as- in moist air.
sertion. Reason (R) : Moisture and oxygen are
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false. required for rusting.

(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. 46. Assertion (A) : Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) →
ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) Zn is a reductant but
itself get oxidised
40. Assertion (A) : A reaction in which a
Reason (R) : In a redox reaction oxidant
substance is decomposed into two or
is reduced by accepting electrons and
more simpler products is known as a de-
reductant is oxidised by loosing electrons
composition reaction.
Reason (R) : The decomposition of a CASE STUDY
substance is impossible without supply- Read the following passage and answer
ing energy. the questions that follow:
(a) Both (A) and (B) are true but (R) is 47. We come across a variety of changes
correct explanation of the assertion. around us which may be physical or
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is chemical changes. A physical changes can
not the correct explanation of the be easily reversed but a chemical change
assertion. can’t be reversed easily. All chemical
changes are accompanied by chemical re-
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false. actions which are represented by chemical
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true. equations. Chemical reactions are further
of four types: Combination reaction, De-
41. Assertion (A) : Calcium carbonate when
composition reactions, simple displace-
heated gives calcium oxide and water.
ment reactions and double displacement
Reason (R) : On heating calcium car-
reactions. Also there are redox reactions
bonate decomposition reaction takes
which involve simultaneous loss and gain
place.
of electrons i.e, oxidation and reduction
42. Assertion (A) : The balancing of chemi- reactions.
cal equations is based on law of conser-
(i) What is a chemical reaction?
vation of mass.
(ii) What are the main types of chemical
Reason (R) : Total mass of reactants is
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Be the light for your family • .
reactions? (c) Number of atoms/ molecules of the
reactants and products formed
(iii) What are redox reactions?
(d) Whether a particular reaction is actu-
(iv) Rusting of iron is which type of a
ally feasible or not
chemical reaction?
(iii) The balancing of chemical equations is in
(v) What are exothermic reactions?
accordance with
48. Read the following and answer any four
a) law of combining volumes
questions from (i) to (v)
b) law of constant proportions
Chemical equation is method of repre-
senting a chemical reaction with the help c) law of conservation of mass
of symbols and formulae of the substanc-
d) both (b) and (c)
es involved in it. In a chemical equation,
the substances which combine or react (iv) Which of the following chemical equa-
are called reactants and new substances tions is an unbalanced one ?
produced are called products. A chemical
equation is a short hand method or repre-
senting a chemical reaction. A balanced
chemical equation has equal number of
atoms of different elements in the reac-
tants and products side. An unbalanced
chemical equation has unequal number of
atoms of one or more elements in reac-
tants and products. Formulae of elements
and compounds are not changed to bal- 49. Read the following and answer any four
ance an equation. questions from (i) to (v)

(i) Consider the following reaction: In a chemical reaction, reactants are con-
verted into products. The conversion of
reactants into products in a chemical reac-
When the equation is balanced, the coef- tion is often accompanied by some fea-
ficients p, q. r, s respectively are tures which can be observed easily. These
easily observed features which take place
(a) 1, 3, 3, 2 (b) 1, 6 ,3, 2 as a result of chemical reaction are known
(c) 1, 2 , 3, 2 (d) 2, 3 , 6, 2 as characteristics of chemical reactions.
Some important characteristics of chemi-
(ii) Which of the following information is cal reactions are:
not conveyed by a balanced chemical
equation ? (I) Evolution of heat

(a) Physical states of reactants and prod- (II) formation of precipitate

ucts (III) Change in colour
(b) Symbols and formulae of all the sub- (iv) Change in temperature
stances involved in a particular reac-
tion (v) Change in state

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Be giving, enjoy sharing • .
Any one of the general characteristics can (v) In which of the following reactions, high
tell us whether a chemical reaction has tak- amount of heat energy will be evolved?
en place or not
(a) Electrolysis of water
(i) Reaction of magnesium with air is a/an
(b) Dissolution of NH4 in water
(a) Exothermic reaction
(c) Burning of L.P.G
(b) endothermic reaction
(d) Decomposition of AgBr in presence
(c) reversible reaction of light
(d) Substitution reaction 50. Read the following and answer any four
questions from (i) to (v)
ii) In the following reaction, .
A reaction in which two or more reac-
tants combine to form a single product is
called a combination reaction. For exam-
Precipitate of calcium hydroxide will be ple ,calcium oxide react vigorously with
of water to form calcium hydroxide. The
(a) green colour reaction is highly exothermic in nature ,
as lots of heat is produced during the re-
(b) Blue colour action.
(c) Brown colour
(d) White colour
(iii) In the given reaction,
Solution of Ca(OH)2 is used for white
wash the walls. Calcium hydroxide re-
acts slowly with carbon dioxide in air to
The physical state of SO2 form after two or three days of white
wash.
(a) Liquid
(i) What is the chemical name of quick
(b) Solid
lime?
(c) Gaseous
(a) Calcium oxide
(d) All three
(b) Calcium carbonate
(iv) Which one of the following processes in-
(c) Calcium hydroxide
volve chemical reactions ?
(d) Carbon dioxide
(a) storing of oxygen gas under pressure
on a gas cylinder. (ii) When carbon dioxide is passed through
lime water,
(b) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the
open (a) Calcium hydroxide is formed
(c) Liquefaction of air (b) White precipitate of CaO is formed
(d) Heating copper wire in the presence (c) Lime water turns milky
of air high temperature.
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Make time for yourself • .
(d) Colour of lime water becomes green. (b) Combination of nitrogen and oxygen to
form nitrogen monoxide
(iii) Following observations are observed
when calcium oxide reacts vigorously (c) Combination of glucose and oxygen to
with water. form carbon dioxide and water
(d) combination of Zinc and hydrochloric
acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen
51. A solution of slaked lime produced by
the reaction is used for white washing
walls. Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly
with the carbon dioxide in air to form a
thin layer of calcium carbonate on the
walls. Calcium carbonate is formed after
Identify the incorrect observations. two to three days of white washing and
gives a shiny finish to the walls. It is in-
(I) It is an endothermic reaction
teresting to note that the chemical formu-
(II) Slaked lime is produced la for marble is also CaCO3.
(III) Quick lime is produced i. Give the reaction for the formation of
calcium carbonate with physical states.
(IV) It is an exothermic reaction
(V) It is a combination reaction.
ii. Write the formulas of slaked lime, quick
lime.
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (III) and (IV)
iii. Explain why calcium carbonate is used
(c) (I) and (III) (d) (II), (IV) and (V) for white washing and not any other sub-
stance.
(iv) Quick lime combines vigorously with wa-
ter to form (A) Which reacts slowly with iv. Explain the importance of writing the
the carbon dioxide in air to form (B). physical states in a chemical equation.
Identify the compounds (A) and (B) V. Write any one application of calcium car-
bonate other than white washing.
(A) (B)
52. When fats and oils are oxidized, they be-
(a) Calcium carbonate Calcium hydroxide
come rancid and their smell and taste
(b) Calcium hydroxide Calcium carbonate change usually substances which prevent
(c) Calcium Calcium bicarbonate oxidation (antioxidants) are added to
foods containing fats and oil. Keeping
(d) Calcium bicarbonate Calcium food in air tight containers helps to slow
(v) Among the following the endothermic re- down oxidation.
action is i) What do you mean by the word RAN-
(a) Combination of carbon and oxygen to CIDITY ?
form carbon monoxide ii) Write any three methods to prevent
rancidity.
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Respect your parents, world will respect you • .
iii) What is the meaning of antioxidants. Answers
Give an example.
1. The mode of communicating facts in
iv) Which gas filled in the chips packets to chemical language about a chemical re-
keep them crunchy? action is called chemical equation. A
v) Write any traditional method used by chemical equation is an expression for
our ancestors to prevent rancidity. given chemical change in terms of sym-
bols or formula of the reactants and prod-
ucts
E.g Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s)
2. chemical reaction is a process in which one
or more substances, the reactants, are
converted to one or more different prod-
ucts. In a chemical reaction, the follow-
ing changes takes place
i. Change in state
ii. Change in colour
iii. Evolution of a gas
iv. Change in temperature
3.
(i) Burning of magnesium ribbon in air gives
a powder of MgO. So there is a change
of state with formation of new substance
and heat is produced.
(ii) Addition of colourless lead nitrate solu-
tion to potassium iodide solution gives
yellow coloured precipitate, so there a
change in colour
(iii) Addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to
zinc granules gives a gas with efferves-
cence and heat is evolved. There is
change in temperature.
4. Magnesium ribbon should be cleaned so
as to remove the layer of magnesium ox-
ide that is formed as a result of the reac-
tion of magnesium with oxygen in air.
5. During a chemical reaction the total mass
of a reactant and product remains the
same therefore for a complete chemical
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Dedication is expensive than talent • .
equation the number of atoms of various
elements on both sides are made equal.
i.e the equation is balanced.
6. Law of conservation of mass is applied
here accordingly, matter can neither be
11.
created nor be destroyed. Therefore, a
complete chemical equation the number
of atoms of various elements on both
sides are made equal.
7. (i) H2S + SO2 → S + H2O
(ii) CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
8. The reaction of two or more substance
produce a new substance is called combi-
nation reaction.
Eg: 12. Photo chemical decomposition reaction
will occur when silver chloride is ex-
A small amount of quick lime is added to posed to sunlight
water
13.
(i) Calcium carbonate decomposes to give
quick lime which is used for white
washing
(ii) Metal sulphate and other compounds
are heated to give metal oxide which
9. (i) Name of the reaction is combination can be reduced to metals.
reaction. A reaction in which two or
(iii) Silver chloride is decomposed to be
more reactants combine to form a
used in photography
single product, is called combination
reaction. 14. Exothermic reactions: chemical reactions
in which heat energy is given out are
(ii) called exothermic reactions.
Eg :
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + Heat energy
Endothermic reactions: Chemical reactions
10. The reaction in which a compound split in which heat energy is absorbed are
up into two or more simpler substance is called endothermic reactions
called decomposition reaction Eg :
N2 (g) + O2 (g) + Heat energy → 2NaO (g)
15. During respiration, oxidation of glucose

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Dedication will wake you up, not the alarm • .
occurs that produces heat energy. As heat 21. To prevent rancidity of food containing
energy is released respiration is an exo- fats or oils some substance are added to
thermic reaction. them for example packets of food items
like chips are flushed with nitrogen so
16. In a decomposition reaction, one com-
that these can be used after long dura-
pound breaks to form two or more com-
tion.
pounds. It involves the breaking of
bonds. To break the bonding between 22. The corrosion of iron due to moisture
atoms, energy is required. By providing and air is called rusting of iron. In this
energy in the form of heat or electricity, way enormous amount of iron is dam-
decomposition proceeds. As this reaction aged and lost.
involves the breaking of the bond, energy
Prevention of rusting
is provided to them, so they are endo-
thermic reactions. (i) The iron articles should be painted.
Combination reactions are exothermic (ii) Machine parts should be oiled and
because they involve the formation of a greased
new compound from two or more reac- (iii) Galvanised iron piped are used for
tants, and the formation of chemical water supply.
bonds releases energy.
23. Fats and oils in food kept for long time
17. In a displacement reaction, a more reac- get oxidised and become rancid and taste
tive element displaces a less reactive ele- of food changes and causes infection on
ment from a solution of its compound eating this is called rancidity.
E.g To prevent rancidity anti oxidants are
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu added to food containing fats and oils.
In a double displacement reaction there is 24. This is done to prevent the oxidation of
an exchange of ion between two reactants food by oxygen or air. Nitrogen being in
is called double displacement reaction. inert forms a protective layer over the
food items and prevent their contact with
E.g
air or oxygen.
AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
25. The iron articles can be protected from
18. A reaction in which an insoluble product rusting by applying paint on them so that
or precipitate is formed is called precipi- the iron surface does not come in contact
tation reaction with air and moisture which cause rust-
Eg: ing.
Multiple choice questions.
19. (i) V2O5 1. (d) (2), (3) and (4)

(ii) CuO 2. (b) (i) and (iii)

20. (i) NH3 3. (c) (i),(ii) and (iv)

(ii) CO Hint - The substance which oxidises the

other substances in a chemical reaction is
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 Struggle ends where commitment begins • .
known as an oxidising agent. Likewise, the 18.
substance which reduces the other sub-
stance in a chemical reaction is known as
reducing agent.
4. (d) (ii) and (iv)
5. (b) (ii) only
6. (d) Double displacement reaction
7. (b) decomposition and redox.
8. (a) oxidation reaction. 19.
9. (a) Fe2O3.H2O
10. (a) oxidised
11. (a) Decomposition reaction.
12. (b) dissolution of sugar in water. 20. (i) Endothermic reaction

13. (a) dilution. (ii) Exothermic reaction

14. (c) Dilution of an acid. (iii) Endothermic reaction

15. (d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum (iv) Exothermic reaction

Gas (LPG) 21. The iron rod gets coated with a film of
2 mark question. brown coat because it is attacked by air
and moisture present in the atmosphere
16.(a) The number and kind of atoms on both and thus it undergoes corrosion. This phe-
sides of the chemical equation are made nomenon is called rusting. The brown sub-
equal, i.e , equation is to be balanced stance coated on the rod is rust and its for-
because atoms cannot be created nor mula is Fe2O3.H2O
destroyed

22. Balanced chemical equation is an equation

in which number of atoms of each element
is equal on both sides of the equation.
The chemical equation should be balanced
because according to the law of conserva-
tion of mass, the total mass of the reac-
17.
tants must be equal to the total mass of the
products.
23. This is because it is decomposed to silver
metal and chlorine gas when exposed to
light.

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Struggle ends where commitment begins • .
24.
i. The reactions which are accompanied
by the evolution of heat, are called exo-
thermic reactions (combustion reaction)
or the reactions in which heat is re-
leased along with the formation of prod-
ucts are called exothermic reactions. Here CuO is losing oxygen and is being
Eg : Burning of magnesium ribbon reduced . The hydrogen is gaining oxy-
gen and is being oxidised.
26.
(i) white silver chloride turned black due
to decomposition of silver chloride
into silver (grey) and chlorine gas.
ii. Those reactions in which oxidation and
reduction take place simultaneously, (ii) Brown copper is turned black due to
are called redox reactions. the formation of copper oxide.

In the following reaction, the copper (iii) When a piece of Zinc was dropped in
(II) oxide is losing oxygen and is being to copper sulphate solution, the colour
reduced. Whereas, oxygen is added to of the solution changes from blue to
hydrogen and is being oxidized. colourless

Type : combination reaction

Type : Double displacement.

28.

3 mark questions.
25. A Chemical reaction in which one sub-
stance is oxidised and the other is re-
3. To obey the law of conservation of
duced is called reaction. All oxidation -
mass, so that the number of atoms of
reduction reactions are redox reactions. In
each element before and after the re-
a chemical reaction, a substance gets oxi-
action remain the same.
dised only when another substance is pre-
sent, which gets reduced Mass of the reactants = Mass of the
products

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 Good things come to those who work • .
29. 33.
(a) Photochemical decomposition.
It is the reaction in which single reac-
tant breaks down to give simpler
products. White silver chloride chang-
es to grey, as it decomposes to silver
and chlorine in presence of sunlight.

30.
(i) A is calcium oxide [CaO] and B is (c) Black and white photography.
calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2].
34. Because the metal has corroded. Green
compound formed is basic copper car-
bonate[CuCO3. Cu(OH)2] The metal is
copper. Corrosion can be prevented by
painting, greasing, oiling , galvanizing
(iii) Exothermic and combination reac- etc.
tion 5 Mark questions
31. 35.

32.
36.

(a) - decomposition reaction

(b) - Combination reaction
(c) - Displacement reaction
(d) - Combination reaction

1. NO2 gas is evolved ( yellow colour)

2. White residue of PbO is formed .

10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations

 A minute is not as minute as it seems to be • .
37. Example of endothermic reaction

39. Oxidation : A Chemical reaction in

which a substance gains oxygen is called
Oxidation.

38.
Reduction : A chemical reaction in which a
EXOTHERMIC ENDOTHERMIC Substance loses oxygen is called reduction
REACTIONS REACTIONS
An exothermic re- Endothermic reac-
action is one that tions are chemical
releases energy in reactions that pro-
the form of light or duce products by ASSERTION AND REASONING
heat absorbing heat ener- 40. (a)
gy.
41. (a)
Heat is produced as The process involves
a byproduct of the the use of heat ener- 42. (a)
process. gy. 43. (a)
The energy is re- The energy is ab- 44. (c)
leased from the sys- sorbed from the sur-
tem to its environ- rounding into the 45. (a)
ment. reaction. 46. (a)
Rusting iron, set- Melting ice, evapo-
Passage based question.
ting chemical ration, cooking, gas
bonds, explosions, molecules, photo- 47.
nuclear fission are a synthesis are few
(i) It is the process in which the bonds in the
few examples. examples
reactants break for the formations of new
Example of exothermic reaction bonds to give products.
(ii) There are combination reactions, decom-
position reactions, simple displacement
reactions and double displacement reac-
tion.
(iii) These are the reactions in which oxidation
th
10 Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations
 I’m proud of the way you worked today • .
and reduction take place simultaneously. whilst the production of carbon dioxide
and act as hard coating for the walls.
(iv) It is a combination and redox reaction.
iv. In any chemical reaction, physical states
(v) These are the reactions in which heat ener-
mention the nature of the reaction and
gy is given out.
their practical aspects which are neces-
48. sary for lab uses. Physical states also
explains whether reaction is exother-
(i) (b) 1, 6, 3, 2
mic or endothermic.
Mg 3N2 + 6H2O 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
v. Calcium carbonate is also used in the
(ii) (d) production of antacids and can also be
(iii) (c) used to increase the levels of calcium
in body.
(iv) (d)
52. i. The spoiling of food due to oxidation
49. of fats and oils present in the food mate-
(i) (a) rial

(ii) (d) ii. Three methods to prevent rancidity of

food includes:
(iii) (c)
A) Salting
(iv) (d)
B) Adding preservatives like vinegar
(v) (c)
C) Storing in air tight containers.
iii. The type of substances which can pre-
50. vent the oxidation process of certain
(i) (a) food materials are called as antioxi-
dants. Some natural antioxidants are
(ii) (c) vitamin c. selenium etc.
(iii) (c) iv. The gas filled in chips packets is nitro-
(iv) (b) Calcium hydroxide & Calcium car- gen gas which can keep the chips
bonate crunchy.

(v) (b) v. There are a few methods used by our

ancestors to prevent rancidity.
51. i.
A) Salting
Ca(OH)2(S) + CO2(g) →CaCO3(S)↓+H2O(l)
B) Sugaring
ii. Slaked lime: Calcium hydroxide is
called as slaked lime with a formula C) Pickling
of : Ca(OH)2, whereas calcium
oxide is called as quick lime with a
formula of : CaO.
iii. Calcium carbonate is used for white-
washing as it produces a shiny film
10th Chemistry Winner’s Coaching Centre Chemical Reaction and Equations