ASSIGNMENT OF ENVIROMENTAL

HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

COURSE TEACHER:MAAM OMM-E-HANY

NAME ;MUHAMMAD MUNEEZ HUSSAINN HAMIDI

RISK ASSESSMENT OF SPACE MISSIONS (SPACE EXPLORATION, AND
SATELLITE OPERATION):

INTRODUCTION:

Space exploration and satellite operations hold immense significance for humanity on several
fronts:

Scientific Discovery: Space exploration allows us to understand the universe better, from
studying distant stars and galaxies to exploring celestial bodies within our solar system. This
quest for knowledge drives advancements in astrophysics, planetary science, and other
scientific disciplines.

Technological Innovation: Space missions often push the boundaries of technology,

leading to innovations that find applications beyond space exploration. Technologies developed
for space missions have contributed to advancements in telecommunications, weather
forecasting, navigation, and Earth observation, among others.

Global Connectivity: Satellites play a crucial role in global communications, enabling

internet access, broadcasting, and telecommunication services worldwide. They facilitate
seamless communication and data transfer across continents, connecting remote areas and
improving global connectivity.

Environmental Monitoring: Satellites provide valuable data for monitoring and

understanding Earth's environment, including climate patterns, natural disasters, deforestation,
and changes in sea levels. This information is vital for environmental conservation efforts and
mitigating the impacts of climate change.

National Security: Space assets are integral to national security and defense strategies.
Satellites support military communications, reconnaissance, intelligence gathering, and
surveillance activities, enhancing situational awareness and response capabilities.
Importance of Risk Assessment in Ensuring Mission Success and Safety:

Risk assessment is paramount in space exploration and satellite operations due to the inherent
complexities and challenges involved:

Safety of Personnel: Space missions often involve human astronauts or ground personnel
who are at risk of exposure to hazards such as microgravity, radiation, and life-support system
failures. Rigorous risk assessment helps identify and mitigate these risks to ensure the safety
and well-being of personnel.

Mission Success: Space missions entail significant investments of resources, both financial
and intellectual. Assessing and managing risks effectively increase the likelihood of mission
success by minimizing the probability of failures or setbacks caused by technical, operational, or
environmental factors.

Protection of Assets: Satellites represent valuable assets in space, and their failure can have
far-reaching consequences. Risk assessment helps safeguard these assets by identifying
potential threats such as space debris, solar radiation, and malfunctioning components,
allowing for proactive measures to mitigate risks and protect investments.

Public Perception and Trust: Failures in space missions can erode public confidence and
trust in space agencies and industries. By conducting thorough risk assessments and
implementing robust safety measures, space organizations demonstrate their commitment to
ensuring the reliability and safety of their missions, enhancing public perception and support
for space exploration endeavors.

TYPES OF RISK(RISK EVALUATION)

There are different types of risk that are present in sending the space mission containing

Technical risks;

Technical risks generally referred to as the riks or changes of failure of mission due to the
mechanical failure such as equipment failure, communication breakdown, and software
eerrors
 1. EQUIPMENT FAILURE; equipment failure refers to the chance of being injured or failure
to the mission due to the malfunction of any certain equipment
2. COMMUNICATION BRAKDOWN; it is the one of the most common hazard that is
present in space mission some times astronauts went on space mission and there
communication is dropped by the control panel or tower it will cause tension and issues
to the team which is responsible for sending the mission
3. SOFTWARE ERRORS: when the space mission is launched in space there is very much
programming that is done before of this launching. In todays world from start of space
ship to the taking of images of space bodies all these things are done by programs of AI

HUMAN FACTOR:

The hazard or possibility of any hazard or failure of work due to irresponsibility of an indivisual
is known as human factor risks. Sometimes people become ill due to long duration of space
mission or due to less gravity in space ships.

NATURAL RISKS;

Natural risks are the cause of any hazard due to some natural phenomenon such as if any
person expose to cosmic radiation it will eventually cause ill effect to human beings

RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

For the complete risk assessment we have to follow complete procedure of risk assessment
which is

RISK IDENTIFICATION;

By the use of previously faced problem we have to find lesson and we should learn what is wnt
wrong in that mission at that time

ANALYSIS OF RISK;

It indicated the quantitative and qualitative risk evaluation of space missions, by qualitative we
have to mean that the HSE team have to proposed complete risk matrix to the team and
officials . by quantitative it mean the tam have to write down the hazards timing which is
happen previously

MITIGATION STRATEGIES:

Mitigation strategy means that the team which is working on the risk assessment of
space mission should check all thee operation setup that there is minimum chance of any
hazard they should set up the complete training session with the astronaut and also work with
the engineers in order to find out any mechanical hazards

RISK ACCEPTANCE:

It one of the most neglecting part of any risk assessment technique that the team should have
to accept that there is chance of any hazard in this mission . in space mission the team should
say that you have to mentally or physically prepared for any kind of hazard that can happen in
this mission

PREVIOUS FAILURE OF SPACE MISSION:

The space mission are not that much easy many people lost their lives, some people went
missing in this mission there are some common hazards of space missions

APPOLO 1;

When Soviet Union sent there first ever mission in space. Then USA wants to launch their first
ever mission carrying humans in it. After the launch the fire started in th space ship and it killed
three prestigious astronaut. The main thing which is alarming is the flaw in there door opening
which is why rescue team is unable to open the gates results in the death of three astronauts

SOYUZ 1:

After the incident of Apollo one, Russia launched their mission named soyuz 1. Soyuz 1
launched successfully but after the launch its system got hang and the solar panel become
unable to deploy from the space ship the astronaut reentered its space ship into the earth but
the fault in opening of parachute results in the death of another astronauts
SOYUZ 2:

It was one on the successful mission of the Russia till it’s back to the earth when the space ship
returns to mother earth after spending almost three months in space. When the space ship is
opened by the staff they found three astronaut death inside the space shuttle after the
investigation they find out that when they are returning towards the earth the vent opens
results depressurized the astronaut the alarming thing is that astronaut are not wearing their
space suit therefore it went horrible

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, space exploration and satellite operations are crucial for
scientific discovery, technological innovation, global connectivity, environmental monitoring,
and national security. Risk assessment is essential to ensure mission success and safety by
addressing technical, human, and natural risks through a thorough process of risk identification,
analysis, mitigation strategies, and acceptance. Previous failures in space missions, such as
Apollo 1, Soyuz 1, and Soyuz 2, highlight the importance of learning from past mistakes and
continuously improving safety measures to prevent tragic incidents in future missions.