STANDARD TKB 00801-050

Date: Nov. 2020 Issue: 04 Authorized: Page: 1 of 7

TECHNICAL DRAWINGS - INTERPRETATION

INHOUD
1 scope and field of application
2 general
3 validity
4 metrology
5 product geometry
6 legacy drawings
7 special characteristics
8 joints
9 standard references
10 references
11 change history

1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION

This standard established the rules for the interpretation of technical drawings of DAF Trucks NV and the
requirements as specified on these drawings.

2 GENERAL

Due to special requirements and working methods, commonly used in the automotive industry and/or
at DAF Trucks NV several drafting standards (TKB standards) are used that have limiting, additional or
differing provisions with respect to the current ISO standards in the field of Technical Product Documentation
and Geometric Product Specification.

Also a number of specific DAF standards are in place for which no current equivalent ISO standards are
available.
These standards are indicated near or in the representation of the part, the notes or the title-block (see DAF
standard TKB 00801-051) on the drawing.

In cases for which no DAF standard exists the current ISO standards for Technical Product Documentation
and Geometric Product Specification apply, unless otherwise specified (e.g. ISO 1101 for tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out).

All products on DAF drawings are shown and specified in their desired end state, unless otherwise indicated.
Whereby preservations and paint treatments are documented in manufacturing sequence document (for
example in process description) or agreed in writing between DAF and supplier (for example in order text).
It is expected that all delivered products to PACCAR Inc (and thus DAF Trucks NV) meet the drawing and all
accompanying specifications.

3 VALIDITY

This standard is referred to in purchase orders. In addition to this all DAF drawings will gradually be updated
with a reference to this standard in the title block (see DAF standard TKB 00801-051), also see Figure 1.

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4 METROLOGY

4.1 Principles
Since 1985 the geometrical requirements for mechanical engineering according to ISO are based on
the GPS system standards (ISO 14638). This means that since 1985 the Principle of Independency
(ISO 8015) applies to all standards in the GPS system.
To indicate the principle of independency the symbol Ⓘ is used on DAF drawings. In cases where a
deviated or additional requirement, such as the envelope requirement according to ISO 14405-1 (symbol Ⓔ)
applies, the applicable symbol must be indicated next to the respective tolerance(s) or in the title block if it
applies to the complete product.

In ISO tolerance standards before 1985 it is not clear which tolerance system is applied for the geometrical
requirements in the field of mechanical engineering. Many DAF drawings are created before 1985 or are
derived from drawings dated before 1985. Additional to this, the knowledge about the new approach for
interpretation of tolerances was not taken into account until recently.

As a result current DAF designs are for the largest part based on the envelope requirement. This leads to
discussions about the tolerance of form, orientation and run-out for product elements made to the upper or
lower limits of the linear tolerance zone.

The envelope requirement states that tolerances of form, orientation and run-out shall not exceed the
envelope of the product. Thus a product at maximum size leaves no room for form, orientation or run-out
variations and a product at minimum size may use the full tolerance field for form, orientation and run-out
variations.

Design engineers unintentionally used the envelope requirement and only in limited cases form, orientation
and run-out tolerances are specified. However in the majority of cases the products are measured according
to the principle of independency (2-point measurements).

To close this gap in the discussion the following rules must be observed:

4.1.1 Principle of Independency

For new designs the principle of independency will be indicated on drawings.
For revisions of current drawings the principle of independency will be indicated, unless this is not possible
due to the nature of the design. In that case the envelope requirement will be indicated.

Note:
Additional to the principle of independency all form, orientation and run-out tolerances will be indicated on
the drawing. This will be done by referring to general tolerance standards (such as e.g. ISO 2768-1 and ISO
2768-2) or by direct indication of tolerances.

4.1.2 Envelope Requirement

In cases where the tolerance principle is not indicated on current drawings the envelope requirement applies
without further indication.

Note:
If tolerances for form, orientation or run-out are not specified, these tolerances shall not be larger than 20%
of the linear tolerance zone and the envelope shall never be exceeded.

4.1.3 Applicable principle

The applicable tolerance principle is indicated in the title block (see DAF standard TKB 00801-051),
see Figure 1. If the symbol Ⓘ is indicated the principle of independency applies, in case that nothing or the

symbol Ⓔ is indicated the envelope requirement applies.

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Figure 1: DAF Title block

4.2 Reference Temperature

The standard reference temperature for geometrical product specification and verification is
according to ISO 1.

4.3 Units
The “International System of Units” applies for units, unless otherwise specified (also see ISO 80000-1).
Dimensions on drawing are in mm, unless otherwise specified.

5 PRODUCT GEOMETRY

5.1 Surface texture

DAF Trucks NV applies ISO 1302:1992-11 for the indication and interpretation of the surface texture of parts.
ISO 1302:1992-11 differs on a number of places fundamentally with the current version of ISO 1302, also
see DAF standard TKB 00801-053.

5.2 Fit system

Fits, if nothing else is specified, are in accordance with ISO 286-1 and ISO 286-2.

5.3 Centre holes

The indication of centre holes on drawing is in accordance with ISO 6411, see first two columns in Table 1
and DAF standard TKB 00801-052 for more information. By means of Table 1 the proper translation for the
meaning and interpretation can be found in ISO 6411.
When drawings issued prior to January 2012, the indication of centre holes is in accordance with an old
indication, see last column in Table 1. This old indication on drawing consisted of a reference to DAF
standard TKB 00804-111 + an identification number for the centre hole.

Table 1: Indication of centre holes on drawing

Indication acc. ISO 6411 Meaning Old indication 1)

The centre hole must be present on the finished

product.

The centre hole may be present on the finished

product.

The centre hole may not be present on the

finished product.

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5.4 Metal castings

In general at DAF it applies that metal castings are setup in the “final machined moulded” cast-part condition
on which Figure 2C applies, as described in DAF standard TKB 00801-109 on which figure 2C applies.
When Figures 2A and/or 2B are applied, deviating cast-part conditions are specified, see also DAF standard
TKB 00801-109 for further explanation.

A final moulded

B intermediate machined moulded

C1 final machined moulded

Figure 2: Graphical symbols cast-part conditions on drawing

1) When this symbol is not applied in conjunction with DAF standard TKB 00801-109 then section 7 does
apply (applies only for drawings from before October 2005).

5.5 Dimensioning with respect to heat, surface or paint treatments

For the dimensions of parts with heat, surface or paint treatments applies DAF standard TKB 00801-023,
unless otherwise indicated on drawing.

6 LEGACY DRAWINGS

6.1 References and Reference Systems

On drawings released for December 2011, references could be specified by means of arrows, see Figure 3.
Dimension with the prefix “°” indicated the position of the arrows. These dimensions can be interpreted as
Theoretical Exact Dimensions (TED’s). For the full interpretation of references and reference systems used
on drawings see DAF standard TKB 00801-005 (this standard is replaced by DAF standard TKB 00801-053
for new constructions).

Figure 3: Arrow indications according DAF standard TKB 00801-005

The indication and interpretation of references and reference systems on DAF drawings created prior to
December 2011 can be based on ISO 5459, all drawings released after December 2011 have references
(datums) indicated according ISO 5459. See in both cases this international standard for the proper
interpretation.

For reference holes (datum holes) specific hole size tolerances do apply according DAF standard
TKB 00804-187.

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Between December 2011 and March 2017, the numbering of datum targets (partial references) was allowed
as follows:
The primary datum targets were numbered with 1, 2 and 3; the secondary datum targets were numbered
with 4 and 5; the tertiary datum target was numbered with 6. If additional datum targets were used in support
of the product, these had to be numbered starting with 7.
From March 2017, in principle, the numbering of datum targets shall be applied conform ISO 5459.

6.2 Designation of function-critical products or design elements

On drawings released prior to March 2017 the square-R symbol can be applied within the title block box
“spec indicat” (see DAF standard TKB 00801-051). This symbol (see Figure 4) was used for the designation
of function-critical products or design elements. When this symbol is applied on products, this means that all
changes in the documented fabrication process of the concerning product need to tuned with the
construction responsible department/group within DAF Trucks NV.

Figure 4: Square-R symbol

For all drawings released before March 2017 and all new drawings the PPCR rules from the PACCAR
Suppliler Quality Requirements Manual do apply, what means that all changes, temporaliy or permanent,
related to product or process, by suppliers need to be provided to PACCAR (and thus DAF) for approval.

7 SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS

At DAF Special Characteristics, are indicated with delta-C and delta-S symbol, in accordance with PACCAR
standard CPS0210. See also PACCAR standard CPS0484 for the process requirements valid for these
symbols.
On drawings released prior to October 2005 the “inverted delta” symbol was used, see Figure 5, for the
indication of critical design elements.
This applied symbol is identical with the delta-C symbol and can be interpreted as such.

Figure 5: “Inverted delta” symbol

8 JOINTS

8.1 Threaded joints

8.1.1 Joint classes

DAF standard TKB 00804-203 is applicable on all threaded joints.

8.1.2 Weld nuts

For positional accuracy on weld nuts (round, square, hexagon and flange weld nuts) see DAF standard
TKB 00804-115.

8.1.3 Limit of size threaded holes (Internal thread)

Limit of size of threaded holes (internal thread) shall comply with the requirements of DAF standard
TKB 00804-026 (coarse pitch) and TKB 00804-027 (fine pitch), unless otherwise indicated on drawing.

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8.1.4 Protrusion of bolt ends

Due to the incompletely formed screw thread, the protrusion of the bolt end must comply with DIN 78, unless
otherwise indicated on the drawing, this means:
− Minimum bolt end protrusion 3 times the pitch (3P) for threaded joints with a self-locking hexagon nut
or self-locking flange nut.
− Minimum bolt end protrusion 2 x the pitch (2P) for all other nuts.

8.2 Weld joints

Weld joints need to be interpreted according DAF standard TKB 00801-021. At DAF the double reference
line system A, is being used.

9 STANDARD REFERENCES

Unless a reference to a DAF standard (such as e.g. MAT, TKB, W+O) or external standard (such as e.g.
ISO, NEN EN, DIN) states a specific issue or publication date, the last published standard applies.

10 REFERENCES

10.1 DAF standards

CPS0210 Special Characteristics – Drawing conventions
CPS0484 Special Characteristics – Process requirements
TKB 00801-005 Indication and dimensioning of datum points for machining operations (Do not use in
new design. For new designs see DAF standard TKB 00801-053)
TKB 00801-021 Technical drawings – Representation welded, soldered and brazed joints
TKB 00801-023 Technical drawings – Indication of heat, surface and paint treatments
TKB 00801-051 Technical drawings - Sizes, zoning and layout
TKB 00801-053 Technical drawings – Specification of product geometry
TKB 00801-109 Construction guideline castings
TKB 00804-026 ISO metrische binnen- en buitendraad, grove spoed
TKB 00804-027 ISO metrische binnen- en buitendraad, fijne spoed
TKB 00804-111 Technical drawings - Centre holes
TKB 00804-187 General tolerances for holes
TKB 00804-203 Pre-loads and tightening torques for threaded joints

10.2 External standards

DIN 78 Protrusions of bolt ends
ISO 1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Standard reference temperature for
the specification of geometrical and dimensional properties
ISO 286-1 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on linear
sizes – Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 286-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on linear
sizes – Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and
shafts
ISO 1101 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Geometrical tolerancing -- Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 1302:1992-11 Technical drawings; method of indicating surface texture
ISO 2768-1 General tolerances Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without
individual indications
ISO 2768-2 General tolerances Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual
tolerance indications
ISO 5459 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Geometrical tolerancing - Datums and
datum systems
ISO 6411 Technical drawings; Simplified representation of centre holes
ISO 8015 Technical drawings; Fundamental tolerancing principle
ISO 14405-1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Dimensional tolerancing –
Part 1: Linear sizes
ISO 14638 Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) – Matrix model

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ISO 80000-1 Quantities and units - Part 1: General

11 CHANGE HISTORY

Issue Date Section Changes / comments

02 March 2017 1 Deleted: Currently the standard covers metrology requirements only; in future editions
of this standard the scope will be expanded further.
2 Added:
All products on DAF drawings are shown and specified in their desired end state,
unless otherwise indicated. Whereby preservations and paint treatments are
documented in manufacturing sequence document (for example in process
description) or agreed in writing between DAF and supplier (for example in order text).
It is expected that all delivered products to PACCAR Inc (and thus DAF Trucks NV)
meet the drawing and all accompanying specifications.
4.1 ISO/TR 14638 changed to ISO 14638.
4.1.1 Note:
Additional to the principle of independency all form, orientation and run-out tolerances
will be indicated on the drawing. This will be done by referring to general tolerance
standards (such as e.g. ISO 2768-1) or by direct indication of tolerances.
Changed to:
Note:
Additional to the principle of independency all form, orientation and run-out tolerances
will be indicated on the drawing. This will be done by referring to general tolerance
standards (such as e.g. ISO 2768-1 and ISO 2768-2) or by direct indication of
tolerances.
5.1 TKB 00801-010 changed to TKB 00801-053.
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6
6.1
6.2
Section added.
7
8
8.1
8.1.1
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.2
9 References updated.
10 Section added and started with change history.
03 June 2019 9 Added:
Unless a reference to a DAF standard (such as e.g. MAT, TKB, W+O) or external
standard (such as e.g. ISO, NEN EN, DIN) states a specific issue or publication date,
the last published standard applies.
10 Was content of section 9.
11 Was content of section 10.
04 November 8.1.4 Section added.
2020
10.2 DIN 78 added.

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