High School for the Gifted English 11

f\
II 9 I~ Listen and repeat. Then act out.

Well, I'm a hopeless fisherman but I'm not a liar,

so now I can tell my wife I caught them.

The modal verbs are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, will, would, shall, should, have to,
need. They take no -s in the third person singular except for have to and need. They come before
the subject in questions and are followed by 'not' in negations. Except for ought to and have to,
modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to. Sorry, I can't come. I have to meet Pam.
Modal verbs are used to express: ability, possibility, probability, logical assumptions, permission,
requests, offers, suggestions, advice, criticism, obligation, prohibition or necessity.

Ability
Can / Be able to (ability in the present/future) 'Can' is more usual and less formal than 'be able
to' when talking about the present or future.
Ann can type fast. I can pay you next week. (usual) I will be able to pay you next week. (less usual)
Was able to (= managed to do) (ability in the past) is used for either repeated or single actions.
I was able to go on a trip round the city last week. (single action)
Could (ability in the past) 'Could' is more usual than 'was able to.' It is used in statements for
repeated actions. However, with the verbs see, hear, smell, understand, etc. we normally use
'could' for single actions. She could / was able to play the violin when she was six. (repeated action)
I could smell something burning. (single action) (NOT: ! was Be,le te sFRetl ... )
Could / Was able to can both be used in negations and questions for either repeated or single
actions.
She couldn't / wasn't able to pass her driving test. (past single action)
Were you able to / Could you get to work every day' last week? (past repeated action)

Can is used in the present. Could is the past tense of can. We use be able to to form aiL he
other tenses. I will be able to get a job when I finish school.

1 Complete the sentences with can, can'tJ .could or couldn't and the verbs below.

open read drive use stop

I'm sorry I .. .~t?t1:t .(QtrJ~ . .. to your party on 4 uOh no, my battery's dead! I ............... .
Saturday. . ......................... my mobile phone."
2 Oliver'S joke was so funny that we .......... . 5 When Jake was five , he ................... ..
............. laughing. . ............. and write.
3 Xenia ................ but she hasn't got a car. 6 Claire tried but she ......................... .
the door.

Instructor: Ms. DUONG NGUYEN51HONG MINH, M.A. Page 1

o High School for the Gifted
Modal Verbs
English 11

2 Complete the answers using was / were able to.

A: Did you get to the concert on time? '3 A: Did you finish your work in the garden?
B: Yes, although there was traffic, we . WN~ .. B: Yes. It took all afternoon but I ........... ..
.~bk. to. ~(7.t. thc:r.c: .QQ. tif11~ ......... :.. .
2 A: Did Ben manage to find his watch? 4 A: Did you have a hard time finding the place?
B: Yes. After searching the entire house, he ... B: No. We ................................ .
quite easily.

3 Fill in can / be able in the correct form.

1 I ....•.........•..... i,yjl} . ~~ .<iirl~ .... .......................... to speak perfect English very soon.
2 " ........................................................................... you hear me, Mum?"
3 They .....................•.................. .................. ........ swim since they were five.
4 When he got to the front door, he ............................. hear a dog barking inside the house.
5 I would love .................................................................. to fly an aeroplane.

Possibility - Probability - Logical assumptions

Possibility
may / might / could + present infinitive =perhaps; Sam may / might / could pass his test this time.
-I
it's possible that something will happen in the (It's possible that he will pass his test.)
future or perhaps it is true at the moment Where 's Jean? She could be at school.
may / might / could + perfect infinitive =perhaps She looks miserable. She may / might / could
something happened in the past have lost her job. (Perhaps she has lost her job.)
Note: Could + perfect infinitive is also used for Don 't drive so fast! You could have hit that dog.
something which was possible but didn't actually (Luckily, you didn't hit the dog.)
happen.
Probability
ought to / should + present infinitive = Tom ought to / should pass his exams. (He will
something is probable now or in the future probably pass.)
ought to / should + perfect infinitive = we Has Nancy reached Paris yet? She ought to /
expected something to happen but we don't know should have phoned an hour ago. (We don't
if it happened or not know whether she phoned or not.)
Logical assumptions
can't / couldn't + present infinitive =1 don't think She can 't be rich. She lives in a small flat.
so; it's logically improbable (I don't think she's rich .)
must + present infinitive = I think so, I'm fairly His face is red. He must be very angry.
sure; it's logically probable (I think he's very angry.)
can't is the opposite of must It can 't be true. It must be a lie.
can't / couldn't + perfect infinitive = It's impossible She can'f/ couldn't have lost her way; she must
that something happened in the past. have missed the train. (= It's not possible she
must + perfect infinitive = It's very probable that lost her way. It's very probable she missed the
something happened in the past. train.)

To express possibility in questions we don't use may. We use: Can he? Could he? Is he
likely to? Is it likely that? Might he? Can he succeed? Could he succeed? Is he likely to succeed?
Is it likely that he will succeed? Might he succeed? Can / Could he have finished? (NOT: May f:le f:la','e
fiR/sf:leEl?, May f:le sl:JsseeEl? ... )
~====~==~==~==~~~~==~
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 High School for the Gifted
Modal Verbs
English 11
o
4 Complete the exchanges with can't, may, should or must.

A: Are you going out this evening? 4 A: Where's Victoria?

B: We're not sure. We .. .l11.fJy • •• stay at home. B: I don't know. She ................. have
2 A: Juliet's not answering her t,elephone. been here by now.
B: Well , she ............. be out then because 5 A: I ................ have to work late tonight.
she always picks up if she 's in. If so, would you mind starting dinner?
3 A: Are the boys playing in their room? B: Of course not.
B: They ................. be. They're far too 6 A: Have you posted your letter to me yet?
quiet. B: Yes. You ............ receive it in two days.

f\
111011 Listen and repeat. Then act out.
Could I try on that dress
in the window, please?

I'm afraid you can't, miss. You'll have to try

it on in the changing room like everyone else.

Asking for permission

can (informal) / could (more formal) Can / Could I interrupt you for a second?
may / might (very formal) May / Might I speak to the bank manager, please?
Giving or refusing permission
can (informal; giving permission) Can I use your phone? Of course you can. (informal)
Note: could is not used in the present to give Could I use your phone? Of course you can.
permission • (NOT: of eOl:lfSe )'01:1 001:1,'<1)
may (formal; giving permission - also used in May I use your phone? Certainly you may. (formal)
written notices or formal announcements) Luggage may be left here. (written notice) I
mustn't / can't (informal - refusing permission) I'm afraid you can't / mustn't enter the room.
may not (formal - refusing permission) Rubbish may not be left here. (written notice)
Talking about permission
can / be allowed to (to talk about the future Pupils are allowed to / can use the school swimming
or present) pool free of charge.
could (to talk about the past - used for She could always play at the park after school.
repeated actions) (repeated action)
was / were allowed to (to talk about the The reporter was allowed to (NOT: Def:JIfJ) take a
past - used for repeated or single actions) photo of the pop singer. (single action)
couldn't / wasn't allowed to (in negations or The foreigner wasn't allowed to / couldn't enter the
questions for either repeated or single actions) country without a visa. (single action)

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o
High School for the Gifted English 11
Modal Verbs

5 Study the situations and write sentences using may, can, could or can't.
You want fo see the headmaster. Ask the secretary for permission .
. tv1~Y. { .C~n I.CaLJld J. f;~~. th.e. ht(~dJ11p'f;t~r. p./~p.£l(/? ........................................... .
2 Your sister wants to use your computer but you have a lot of schoolwork. Refuse permission.

3 You want to go camping with your cousins. Ask you parents for permission .

4 Your friend wants to borrow one of your books. Give him your permission .

5 "'ou 'd like to leave school early because you aren 't feeling well. Ask the teacher for permission .

'"
111111 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

May I suggest you try on these shoes? With these

can run, play football, tennis, golf, volleyball ...

Oh, nol Let's leave them, Bob. We're just

looking for shoes you can walk in.

Requests - Offers - Suggestions

Requests (asking someone to do something)
Can you? (informal request) Can you help me, please?
Will you? (familiar) Will you get me my glasses, please?
Could you? (pOlite request) Could you make me some lemonade?
May I? (formal request) May I have a glass of water? (request)
compare: May I open the window? (asking for
Would you / Would you mind? (more pOlite permission)
and formal than 'could you') Would you post this letter for me?
Would you mind typing these letters for me?
Offers (offering to do something)
I'll (I'm willing to do sth - Informal) I'll do the shopping if you like.
Shall I/we / Can I/we (Do you want me/us Shall I help you with your luggage?
to ... ? - informal)
Would you like / Would you like me to ... ? Would you like some more tea?
,
Suggestions (making suggestions)
Shalli/we? Shall we go to the theatre?
I/We can / could We can / could go to the cinema if you like.
We also express suggestions with:
Let's / How about / Why don't we? Let's go to the park. How about going to the park?
What about? Why don't we go to the park? What about going to
Ithe park?

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 High School for the Gifted English 11
Modal Verbs 0
6 Fill in: would you, I'll, shall, let's, why don't you or how about.

Harry: Oh no! I can't find all that work I did on my laptop.

f'li .
Ben: 1) ............ L . . . . . . . . . . help If you want.
Harry: Really? Thanks. I'm hopeless with anything electronic.
Ben: OK. 2) .................. : .... clicking on this icon here?
Harry: Nothing's happening.
Ben: Mmm. 3) ....................... switch it off and start again?
Harry: No, that's not working. It's still the same problem.
Ben: 4) ...........•........••. see if you 've deleted the work by accident.
Harry: 5) .... .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. ... show me how to do that?
Ben: It's easy. Just click here. No. It doesn't look like your work is still here.
Harry: That's terrible! All that work took me two hours to do last night.
Ben: 6) ....................... I phone my brother? He's a computer expert.
Harry: No thanks. I'll just have to do it again and be more careful this time!

7 What would you say in these situations? Use the words in brackets.

You're on the train. You have a seat but a pregnant lady is standing . You offer her your seat. (would)
You : . WQuld.yoIJ. like. to' ;3.it.do.wt1? ..................................................... .
Lady: Yes, thank you. You 're so kind.
2 You're at a restaurant and you'd like some more water. You ask the waitress. (could)
You: .....................................••.....•..••.................................. .
Waitress: Yes, Madam . Right away!
3 You've invited a friend over for dinner. You 've just finished the meal and offer her dessert. (how)
You :
Friend : Sounds great!
4 You're driving a car. Your friend isn't wearing his seatbelt. You ask him to wear it. (can)
You :
Friend: Of course! I can 't believe I forgot!
5 You need help cleaning the house. You ask your roommate. (will)
You :
Roommate: Sure. What would you like me to do?

8 Choose the correct modal verb.

We may / could try and fix it ourselves. What do you think?

2 I'm sorry. I didn't hear you. Could / May you please repeat that?
3 I will / shall do that for you if you like.
4 Could you / Would you mind waiting another quarter of an hour?
5 We haven't had a proper chat for ages. Why don't you / Would you like come round to my place for
dinner tonight?
6 Shall I / What about help you with your homework?
7 Would you like / Will you like another slice of pizza, Claire?
8 Why don't we / How about going to the Maldives this year?
9 Would you / May you give me your full name, please?
10 OK, shall / may we say 8:00 pm then? How does that sound?

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o High School for the Gifted
Modal Verbs
English 11

Advice - Criticism
Advice '(saying what the best thing to do is)
should / ought to + present infinitive You should stop smoking. (general advice; I advise
(it is the best thing to do; I advise you .to) you to)
Note: ought to is sometimes used for advice You ought to treat animals kindly. (Most people
based on laws, rules or generally accepted believe this.)
ideas
had better (it's a good idea - advice for a Shall I tell him the truth? (Is it the right thing to do?)
specific situation) You'd better call your parents or they'll worry.
Shall I? (asking for advice) (It's a good idea; specific situation)

Criticism (saying that sb did the wrong thing in the past)

should / ought to / could + perlect infinitive You shouldn't have been rude to her yesterday.
(but you were)
You should have locked the door before leaving.
(but you didn't)

L-======~~========~ _____
You could have called her yesterday. (past)

9 Underline the correct modal verb.

Georgina: Sasha, you really 1) ought / should take your car to a mechanic.
Sasha: Why? What's the problem?
Georgina: Well , for one thing , your brakes don't sound too good. And for another thing , your tyres are
looking a bit old . You 2) should / ought to get them checked out.
Sasha: My tyres are fine. I've only had them seven years.
Georgina: Seven years! Well , no wonder! You 3) should / had better have replaced them ages ago.
Sasha: Really? Well , you 4) could / had better have told me before. OK, I'll go to a mechanic. But who?
5) Shall / Ought to I go to yours?
Georgina: Why not? He's really good. You 6) had better / hadn't better call him today, though because
he's going away on holiday next week.
Sasha: OK, I will. Thanks.

10 Read the situations and write what you would say using should, ought to, could,
might as in the example:
Your close friend lied to you and when you found out you were very upset. What do you tell your friend?
XQt.J . ~hp'lJldr;(~ h~'{~ .Ij~~. tp. ro~1 I . ypg p.LJ@bt. tp. M'{~ .1(QI4 .me; :t)J~ .1(t:t.Jth / XQlJ .C{Q(Jki. f:J~.v.e; .t.Qld .
.t11.e. the; :~r:LJ1(bl . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . • . • • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .• .
2 Adam can 't find his mobile phone. You think he left it in the car. What do you say to him?

3 Your brother failed his driving test because he didn 't practise enough. What do you tell him?
............................................................ : ................................... .
4 Your friend is always late for school because she wakes up late. What do you say to her?

5 Your sister wore your new jacket without asking you . What do you say to her?

6 Yesterday you waited for your friend for over an hour at the library and he didn 't even call to say he wasn 't
coming . What do you say to him?

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56 MINH, M.A. Page 6
 High School for the Gifted English 11
Modal Verbs

f\
111211 Listen and repeat. Then act out.

Dad, I mU6t have

another gla66 of water!

You've had ten alreadyl You ought to calm down.

You don't need to run around 60 much.

Necessity - Obligation - Prohibition

Obligation - Necessity
must / have to (it is necessary, I'm obliged to) I must lose some weight. (I say so.)
Must is used only in the present and future when I had to go to work early yesterday. ('Must' is not
the speaker decides. possible here as it is used only in the present.)
Have to is used when the necessity comes from I have to lose some weight. (The doctor says so;
outside the speaker or when others decide for the doctor decides for me.)
him.
Have got to (more informal and usual than 'have I've got to tidy my room; Mother is angry.
to') is used for obligation on a single occasion. I've got to phone her; she will be worried.
Ought to (duty; it's the right thing to do but We ought to respect the environment. (But we
people don't always do it.) don't always do it.)
Need (it's necessary) is followed by a passive Your hair needs to be cut. or
full infinitive or an -ing form and takes -s in the Your hair needs cutting.
3rd person singular in statements.

Must is used only for present and future situations. It borrows the rest of its tenses from have
to. Have to forms its questions and negations with do / does (Present Simple) and did (Past
Simple). Did you have to stay late at work yesterday? Yes, I had to type some urgent letters. (,Must' is
not possible in the past tense.)

Absence of Necessity ;

needn't + bare present infinitive / don't have to / You needn't take a jacket. It's rather warm.
don't need to (It is not necessary in the present You don't have to / don't need to take a jacket.
or future.) It's rather warm.
didn't need to / didn't have to (It wasn't He didn't need / have to take a taxi because I
necessary to do sth.) gave him a lift. (It wasn 't necessary, so he didn't.)
needn't + bare perfect infinitive (We know that She needn't have bought any milk. There was a
something happened in the past although it was lot in the fridge. (I know she bought some milk
not necessary.) but there was no need.)

Prohibition
mustn't (it's forbidden) You mustn't enter the room. (it's forbidden)
can't (you aren't allowed to) You can 't wait here. (you are not allowed to)

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 High School for the Gifted English 11
• Modal Verbs

State who decides, the speaker or others, then fill in must or have to .

. . . . . . .1;b~. ~p.~CJ k~r. ..... . ........... .. ............. ..

Choose the correct modal verb.

You 1) don't have to / mustn't pay for expensive security systems to protect your home. With
the Roborior Guard Dog burglars will definitely think twice before breaking in.
If you 2) mustn't / have to get away and someone has managed to get inside your home, your
robot will call you on your mobile phone and alert the police, too. You 3) don't have to / mustn't
be at home to move your robot around because Roborior works by itself. So you 4) have to /
mustn't worry, Roborior will capture everything on camera until the police arrive!

13 Look at the photographs and use the ideas to make up sentences using must,
mustn't or needn't.
CD
• stay in the queue ........ You. rr1j. i.~t .~t~~ jr.l . tb~. qu.~l,I~•....
• bring 10 to make a deposit

• forget your bank card

o • leave your bags at the door

• buy a guidebook

• take photos

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 High School for the Gifted English 11
Modal Verbs 0
Fill in must / mustn't or may.

Attendance
Students ••. . 1:111.16.1:. •••• be on time for all their classes.
2 Students ............. leave class without the teacher's permission.
3 If a student is absent for more than two days, he/she .............•
provide a doctor's note.
Dress Code
4 Students .............. wear their uniform to school.
5 Students •...•••••.••.• wear jewellery or make-up.
Electronic devices
6 Students .....•••.••••. turn off their mobile phones while in school.
7 Students .........•.... bring MP3 players or any other musical devices to class.
General Rules
8 Students •............. respect everyone.
Students .............. run in the corridors because they .............. get hurt.
Students ....•......... consume food or drink in the

15 Fill in the gaps with needn't have or didn't have to and the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
We were just going for a walk so I •....... •~jcjr:t- .~/;W~. tp. Mkt( ......... (take) any money with me.
2 you ........................................ (wait) for us, Dad. We could have taken the bus home.
3 I ........................................ (do) my homework yesterday because today is a holiday.
4 you .................................. (come) all the way here to tell me. You could have called me
on my mobile phone.
5 You ...................................... (take out) the rubbish. It was your brother's turn to do it.
6 Jakob ••............................•........ (get) the bus because Roger offered to give him a lift.

16 Match the items in column A to their synonyms in column B.

IJJ]J You should / ought to ... a You aren't allowed to '"

[II] You must .. . b It wasn't necessary for us to .. . (but we did)
@IJ Shall we ... ? c Why don 't we .. .?
ITIJ You needn't ... d He managed to '"
[ill We needn't have .. . e It wasn't necessary for us to '"
[]I] We didn't need to .. . f You had better '"
[II] You mustn't ... g I'm sure she's ...
[]LJ He was able to ... h You are obliged to ...
[gIJ She must be .. . It isn't necessary for you to ...
IIQ[] He can't be .. . I'm sure he isn't '"

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59HONG MINH, M.A. Page 9
e High School for the Gifted

Modal Verbs
---~tYllPS
English 11

® Underline the correct modal verb.

i Saning~--
1 You must / may always do what the captain tells 6 Always wear your sunglasses
you to do. and apply sunscreen as
2 You should / shouldn't know how to swim . . you should / could
3 You don't have to / mustn't go sailing without a easily get sunburn.
life jacket - you should / might fall into the water 7 The boat might /
and drown.
I
4 Before you go out, always check the forecast - : extinguisher and
you may / must run into bad weather. : first aid kit on
5 Thll someone where you 're going - you must / : board in case
I

might get into trouble. of an emergency.

18 Choose the correct item .

..... you lend me some money, please? 6 You can go out but you ..... be back by
A Should ® Could C Must 11 :00 pm .
2 You ..•.. take things without asking. A can B might C must
A mustn 't B couldn 't C needn 't 7 You ..... have bought a ticket. I had an extra one.
3 Sergei ..... to win the race after training hard. A couldn 't B mustn't C needn't
A can B should C was able 8 You ..... to see your doctor for a check-up.
4 You ..... feed the dog. I've already done it. A should B ought C may
A couldn 't B don't have to C can't 9 Mr Wilson ..••• to have an operation immediately.
5 Sally didn 't .•..• to stop at the supermarket, so A must B should C needs
she went straight home after work. 10 That ..... be Elisha. She's still in Rome.
A need B must C ought A needn 't B can 't C mustn't

19 Fill in the correct modal verb. There can be more than one answer .
• would (like) • shall • could • GaR • may / might

.... .Can.!. .... .

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 High School for the Gifted
Modal Verbs
English 11
o
20 Read the text below and choose the correct modal verb for each space.

Have you ever dreamt about becoming an astronaut or wondered what it

1) .. A.. feel like being weightless? Does flying through the air like
Superman sound like fun? If your answer to these questions is yes, then you
2) ••••.• join us at Space (amp! Our special aeroplanes will take you on the
ride of your life - one where you will be floating around in the air!
But that's just the beginning of the fun! At Space (amp you 3) •••••• try
on real spacesuits. Not only that, every night you 4) ••••.• to gaze at the
universe in close-up on our powerful telescope. On clear nights, you 5) ••.••.
be lucky enough to see Pluto!
Of course, astronauts 6) ••.••• go into space without
proper training and who better to train you than a REAL
1 must ® B shall ( need
2 A ought B should ( might
astronaut? That's right, at Space (amp you will meet
3 A would B can ( might
professional astronauts, who 7) •••••• to answer all 4 A can B must ( will be able
your questions about what life in space is really like! 5 A should B must ( may
So what are you waiting for? Places are limited, so 6 A needn't B mightn't ( can't
book today! You 8) ...... visit our website at 7 A will be able B can ( could
www.spacecamp.com if you want further information. 8 A need B can ( shall

21 Rephrase the sentences using modal verbs.

Would you like me to carry your books? 11 It's forbidden to park here.
(.!i1tJ.{.(QI,Jjc1 / ~~?IV /0~y.I .c.CJt;~ y'q(Jt; P'QQ~~?
2 I advise you to rewrite your essay. 12 It isn't necessary for you to work on Saturdays.

3 It is necessary for you to be on time. 13 Perhaps Bob will go to Greece for the summer.

4 I'm sure Frank is in his room . 14 It's OK to borrow my bike.

5 How about going to the cinema this evening? I 1'5 It wasn't necessary for Toby to read all these
books for the exam .
6 I'm certain he isn't with Bill. He just called me.
16 He is obliged to wear a uniform at work.
7 She managed to save enough money to buy a ............ ............................... .
'

new car. 17 Would you like me to help you with the

preparations?
8 You are not allowed to use the pool after dark. I

18 You'd better go home now before it starts raining .

9 I advise you to discuss the problem with your
parents. 19 All students are allowed to use the library.

10 I'm on my way out. Do you want me to get you 20 Do I have your permission to use your laptop?
anything?

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61 HONG MINH, M.A. Page 11
 High School for the Gifted English 11

o Modal Verbs

22 Underline the correct word.

A: You mustn't / don't have to / can't bring 4 A: Why do you think Ben and Elisha are late?
your camera. I'll take mine. B: Well, they might / can / should have missed
B: Oh, that's great! the 4 o'clock bus.
2 A: I don't feel well. 5 A: Did you find Michael?
B: I think you can / should / may call the doctor. B: Yes, but I wasn't able to / shouldn't / mustn't
3 A: Are you coming over to my house this persuade him to join the Science club.
afternoon? 6 A: Could / Would / Will you like to order a
,.
B: Sorry. I really should / may / will get home
early today.
takeaway?
B: Actually, I really feel like going out tonight.

Speaking Activity
(talking about obligation / prohibition / giving permission)
Read the swimming pool rules. Then, in pairs, make sentences about the
rules, using the appropriate modals can, must or mustn't.

• No food or drink is allowed in the pool area.

• Everyone has to take a shower before using the pool.
• Pets are not allowed in the pool area.
• Swimming goggles and soft balls are allowed.
• No yelling or loud music is permitted.
• Diving is only allowed from the diving boards.
• No running or pushing is allowed.

A: You mustn't bring food or drink into the pool area.

B: You must take a shower before using the pool, etc.

Imagine you are a lifeguard and you need to explain the pool rules
to a group of children. Using the ideas in the Speaking Activity,
write your speech. Then read it to the class.

Gather round children!,

Before I let you into the pool area, I would like to explain the pool rules. First of all, you mustn't

Thank you for listening. Now, it's time to go and enjoy your swim!

Instructor: Ms. DUONG NGUYEN HONG

62 MINH, M.A. Page 12
 High School for the Gifted English 11

English In U •

Phrasal Verbs
1 Fill in the correct particle.

give sth / sb • reveal sth / betray 1 The oven is giving ...... off . . . . .. a strange smell.
away: sb 2 Can I borrow that book? I'll give it ............. to you
• give sth free of tomorrow.
charge 3 After his knee operation , David had to give ............. .
give sth back: return football.
give off: emit (a smell, etc.) 4 Their food supplies gave ................. sooner than
they had planned, so they had to return home.
give out: come to an end
5 The hijackers finally gave themselves ................ to
give up: abandon a habit; quit the police.
give oneself up: surrender; give in J 6 You 'd better not give ........... my secret to anyone. I'll
~====~======~ be very angry with you if you do.

2 Look at Appendix 1 on page 206 and fill in the correct preposition.

Have you heard . .qlPP.LJt .. what happened at 5 I know I've made some mistakes but there's no
school yesterday? need to be impatient .......... me.
2 Have you heard .......... Saskia lately? 6 He introduced me .......... his friends.
She hasn't written to me for ages. 7 Although I can't play an instrument, I'm very
3 Who is this writer? I've never heard ......... . interested .......... music.
her. 8 Our teacher insists .......... everyone
4 Tom is jealous .......... his brother because handing in their compositions on time.
he's in the football team. 9 I have no problems with Biology but I'm
hopeless .......... Physics.

3 Complete each of the sentences with a

Word Formation word formed from the word in bold.
Adjectives formed from nouns
Ridin,g your bicycle without a helmet can be very
-ous poison - poisonous
.. .da./'lg~ro.uf2 . . . (danger) .
-ical theatre - theatrical 2 The teacher asked her students to line up in ...... I . ...... .
-ive expense - expensive (alphabet) order.
3 Ferraris are very ................. (expense).
-ic drama - dramatic
4 The tourists visited the ................. (history)
-ish self - selfish
buildings of London.
-al education - educational 5 Even though he is 25 years old, his behaviour is really
..... : ........... (child).
6 I enjoy tasting ................. (tradition) dishes when I
travel abroad.

Instructor: Ms. DUONG NGUYEN HONG

63 MINH, M.A. Page 13
 High School for the Gifted English 11

Engll h In Use

4 Rephrase the following situations using an appropriate modal verb as in the

example:
1 It's not possible that he's finished already. He . c;w:t hEiv~.finj~Md .EilrMdy, ...................... .
2 It wasn 't necessary for you to bring a gift. You .....•...................•............•.........•...
3 I advise you to stop eating chocolate. You ....•...................................................
4 It was wrong of him not to tell her the truth. He •...........•.........•.•....•......•.•....••...•...
5 It's possible that he is lying. He ................................................................. .
6 I'm sure that she has gone home. She ............................•...............................
7 Let's go for a walk . .........•. we ...••.•......••......................•........................
8 lHe wasn 't able to write until he was eight. He ............................................••....••.
9 Talking is not permitted during the test. Y0l! ..................................................... .

5 Here are some sentences about Rebecca, who wants to become healthier. For
each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the
first. Use no more than three words.

When Rebecca was younger she was much healthier.

Rebecca ..••........•....•.• j).~~d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. to be much healthier when she was younger.
2 Rebecca wants to start doing aerobics.
Rebecca .....................•..•.....•...•.•.•...•••.......•......... like to start doing aerobics.
3 It looks like Rebecca's working on improving her fitness .
Rebecca seems ...........................................................on improving her fitness.
4 Rebecca's doctor says that she should be careful about what she eats.
Rebecca's doctor advises her ............•.........•.•...•............ careful about what she eats.
5 It's necessary for Rebecca to eat more fruit and vegetables.
Rebecca •..•........................................................ eat more fruit and vegetables.
6 Rebecca talked to her doctor before she started an exercise programme.
Rebecca didn't start an exercise programme ............................ she had talked to her doctor.

Idioms
6 Fill in the correct idiom.

throw a party: have a party If you go out, be sure you take your umbrella because
hit the roof: get very angry :f7.
it . r.cJ in ine .c.cJtf>. ~nd .d()g.~ ...... .
--- 2 She always remembers a name or a date - she ........ .
fight like cat and dog: disagree
violently
3 It's Anna's birthday on Friday. Why don't we ........... .
rain cats and dogs: rain heavily
...••.•....................................•. for her?
swim like a fish: swim very well 4 My brother and sister ..........•...............•...•..
cut a long story short: tell sb sth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " they never agree about anything.
briefly 5 There's no point going into the details. To ............. .
have a memory like an elephant: • . • • . . . . • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . , he simply isn't right for the job.
never forget 6 You 'd better prepare some extra food for Bob - you know
eat like a horse: eat a lot of food he .................................................. .
7 Paula, who spent her childhood by the sea, can •.....•.

8 My mother will ....................................... .

when she finds out I've broken her vase.
Instructor: Ms. DUONG NGUYEN HONG MINH, M.A. Page 14
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