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3244-L3-The Z-Transform-1

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14 views32 pages

3244-L3-The Z-Transform-1

Uploaded by

u3578202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T.

Zhao

Lecture 3
The z-transform
Course materials adopted from Prof. S.C. Chan

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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

Preview:

𝟏 𝝅
𝒉𝒏 = න 𝑯(𝒆𝒋𝝎 )𝒆𝒋𝝎𝒏 𝒅𝝎
𝟐𝝅 −𝝅

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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

Preview:

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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

The Convolution Theorem

ℱ It is possible to represent a sequence in


𝑥𝑛 ՞ 𝑋(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )
terms of operations on other sequences
ℱ
ℎ 𝑛 ՞ 𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) for which the transform is known.

Simplify an otherwise difficult and


𝑌 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 = 𝑋(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )
tedious problem.

Which class of signals x[n] can be Fourier transformed?

The FT does not converge for all sequences, and it is useful to have a
generalization of the FT that encompasses a broader class of signals.

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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

Z-transform for
discrete-time
signals is the
counterpart of the
Laplace transform
for continuous-
time signals.

s is a complex
variable in the
complex valued
frequency domain,
also known as s-
domain, or s-plane
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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

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ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

z-transform
The z-transform of a sequence x[n] is defined as

z is a complex variable

Generally, z can be expressed in polar form: 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑗𝜔


𝑟=1
ω

Discrete-time Fourier transform


ω

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The magnitude of the transfer function will be larger when it is closer to the
poles and smaller when it is closer to the zeros 9
ELEC 3244, 2023 Spring, Dr. Leo. T. Zhao

𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑗𝜔

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H(z) is called the system function

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