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CH11 Sec1 Byzantine Empire

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50 views3 pages

CH11 Sec1 Byzantine Empire

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701610
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________

Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact


Section 1

The Byzantine Empire


Terms and Names
Justinian Powerful ruler of Byzantine Empire
Justinian Code Body of Roman law collected and organized by Justinian around
A.D. 534

Hagia Sophia Church destroyed by mobs of rioters in 532 and rebuilt by Justinian
patriarch Leader of the Eastern church
icon Religious image used in practices by eastern Christians
excommunication Formal declaration that someone is no longer a member of the
Church
Cyrillic alphabet Alphabet invented by Saints Cyril and Methodius, in which most
Slavic languages, including Russian, are written

Before You Read


In the last chapter, you read about the Muslim world.
In this section, you will learn about the Byzantine Empire.

As You Read
Use a diagram to show Justinian’s accomplishments as emperor of the
New Rome.

A NEW ROME IN A NEW SETTING Roman Empire once again. By about 550,
(Page 301) Justinian ruled over almost all of the
How did the Roman Empire change? territory of the old Roman Empire.
In the A.D. 300s, the emperor 1. Who was Justinian?
Constantine moved the capital of the
Roman Empire to the east. He built a great _______________________________
new capital city, Constantinople. It was on
the site of the old port city of Byzantium. _______________________________
Constantinople became the center of the
empire. Power moved eastward. LIFE IN THE NEW ROME
The Roman Empire was officially (Pages 302–303)
divided in 395. The western area was What changes did Justinian bring?
overrun by German tribes. It did not exist Justinian directed legal experts to create
after 476. However, the Byzantine, or a complete code of laws based on the laws
eastern, part remained strong. It lasted for
of ancient Rome. This body of civil
hundreds of years.
law—the Justinian Code—served the
In 527, Justinian became the Byzantine
empire for 900 years.
emperor. He sent an army to try to regain
control of Italy. He hoped to restore the
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

112 Guided Reading Workbook


Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 1, continued

Justinian also worked at making THE CHURCH DIVIDES


Constantinople a strong but also a (Pages 304–306)
beautiful capital. He built high, sturdy Why did the church divide?
walls to protect the city from attack. The Although it was based on the Roman
main street of the city was lined with Empire, the Byzantine Empire had
shops and open-air markets. People developed a culture of its own. People in
bought and sold goods from Asia, Africa, the Byzantine Empire spoke Greek, not
and Europe there. Latin. They belonged to the Eastern
In 532, riots broke out against the Orthodox Church, not the Catholic
emperor. Justinian’s troops maintained Church. The Eastern Church was led by
control of the city, killing thousands of the patriarch, the leading bishop.
rioters. A church called Hagia Sophia However, even the patriarch had to obey
(“Holy Wisdom,” in Greek) had been the emperor.
destroyed by the mobs. Justinian rebuilt it The feeling of separateness from Rome
to become the most beautiful church in the grew worse when one emperor banned the
Christian world. use of icons. Icons are religious images
2. How did Justinian make used by eastern Christians to aid their
Constantinople a strong and beautiful devotions. The emperor thought this was
capital? like idol worship. Iconoclasts, or “icon
breakers” went into churches destroying
______________________________ images. The pope supported the use of
icons. One pope even ordered the
______________________________ excommunication of a Byzantine
emperor. That means that the pope said the
THE EMPIRE FALLS (Page 304) emperor could no longer be a member of
What weakened the empire? the Church.
The Byzantine Empire faced many Slowly the Eastern and Roman
dangers. A terrible disease broke out in churches grew further apart. In 1054, the
542. The illness killed thousands of people schism, or split, became permanent.
and returned every 8 to 12 years until Despite the split, Christianity remained a
about 700. This weakened the empire. force for unity in the two sections of the
Also, the empire was forced to confront empire.
many enemies over the centuries. Some missionaries traveled from the
Constantinople remained safe during this Byzantine Empire to the north. Two
time despite many attacks. Eventually, missionaries, Saint Methodius and Saint
though, the empire shrank. By 1350, the Cyril developed an alphabet for the Slavic
empire included only the capital city and languages. Many Slavic languages,
lands in the Balkans—part of southeastern including Russian, are now written in what
Europe. is called the Cyrillic alphabet.
3. What were the two biggest problems 4. What are two differences between the
the empire faced? Eastern and Roman churches?

______________________________ _______________________________

______________________________ _______________________________

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

113 Guided Reading Workbook


Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________
Section 1, continued

As you read about the history of Constantinople, the leading city of the
Byzantine Empire, take notes to answer questions about the time line.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

114 Guided Reading Workbook

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