UGRC 110 2022 / 2023 (DISASTER AND NON CONFORMITY)

Typed answers

Q1. Describe the structure of the introductory paragraph, outlining its component parts.

Ans: The introductory paragraph begins with the general statement about the occurrence of disasters in
Ghana and mentions some examples of disasters like the May 9 disaster, the June 3rd flood and fire
disaster among others. He goes further to mention peoples’ attitudes towards fire safety regulations the
cause of fire outbreaks. He states his opinion against the claim of others. As the discussions ensues, he
focuses his discussion on fire outbreaks. At the latter part of the introduction, questions (rhetorical
questions) are then asked to set up issues of discussion in the body paragraphs.

B. Outline the components of the paragraph

Ans:The components of the introductory paragraph are as follows -

- Overview statements about disasters in Ghana.

- Case in point of disasters (lists of specific disasters).

- Focus on the problem of fire outbreaks

- A question is asked to give direction of the essay to readers

Q2. Describe the structure of the second paragraph (beginning ignorance or nonconformity…can cause
the outbreak of fire). In addition to this, describe the strategies that have been used to develop the
controlling idea in the paragraph, and how the discussion in the paragraph has been closed.

a. The paragraph begins by stating that ignorance or nonconformity is another problem that can cause
fire outbreaks.

The cause of fire outbreaks is identified as nonconformity to fire safety precautions. A mention is made
of two groups of people who are culprits to this. Examples are given as the illiterates and the literates.
The passage goes further to cite that people are negligent about such signs knowingly or unknowingly.

The paragraph is ended by stating that ignorance and nonconformity are the major factors in the
outbreak of fires. The writer employs the three principles of paragraphing in the paragraph as there is
unity(the ones of the sentences), coherence(the use of but, also, they and them) and completeness(The
write has provided enough evidence to support the topic sentence).

2b. Describe the strategies that have been used to develop the controlling idea in the paragraph and
how the discussion in the paragraph has been closed

Ans:
The controlling idea states that ignorance and nonconformity cause fire outbreaks. The writer illustrates
this point with some specific situations and examples and questions to buttress his claim. He further
agues that even those who are not ignorant are sometime negligent leading to the outbreaks of fire.

The controlling idea is reiterated to close the paragraph, thus ignorance and failure to observe fire
safety are major factors in the incidence of fires.

Q3. With examples from the passage above, discuss four ways that coherence has been achieved.

Ans: The use of transitions

A.Transitional words such as consider, well, thus, after, lastly have been used in the paragraph to show
a logical relationship thus showing coherence.

B.Pronouns such as ‘they’, ‘their’, ‘us’, ‘we’ among others have been used by the writer to create
cohesion in the paragraph. OR The writer uses pronouns such as ‘they’, ‘their’, ‘us’ among others to
create cohesion in the paragraphs.

C.The use of repetitions of key words is one of the tools that are used to show coherence in a paragraph.
This has been demonstrated in the second paragraph via the introductory sentence and concluding
remarks.

D.Punctuations can also be used to show coherence. The writer has correctly used ‘fullstops’, ‘commas’
‘exclamations’ in this passage. For example, in the last paragraph, the writer placed a comma after the
transitional word, ‘Lastly’ and this is correctly done. Additionally, in the last but one sentence of the
same last paragraph, the writer states, ‘by so doing’, he places a comma there aptly.

E.Synonyms can also be used to show coherence in paragraphs.

F. The author consistently uses the first person pronoun this includes (i), (we), (our).

G. The writer starts with each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that states the road map of the
main idea of the paragraph which provides a correct platform for discussion in the main paragraph.

Instances of the above in the passage includes,(top sentence).

H. The writer has organized his idea logically to show coherence in the passage. Logically the writer
mentioned disaster and natural disaster to show coherence.

QUESTION 4

(I) INTRODUCTION

— Comparison between the past and the present.

— Examples of life experiences of the past and present.

— Rhetorical thesis or rhetorical thesis statements or rhetorical question for discussion

(II) — Advancement or improvement in work.

— Comparison between how work was done in the past and present.

— Examples of modern improvement work solutions or innovations to work these days.

(III) — Advancement in agriculture/ enlightenment in agriculture/ modern solutions to agriculture.

— Distinction between current agricultural solutions and past agricultural solutions. Examples of
solutions of agricultural

(IV) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

— . Explanations of how science and technology has brought about changes

— Examples of sectors this changes has taken place.

(V) CONCLUSION

— Summary of the essays main point

— Final thought on the science and technology.

Q5.

Here is the proofread paragraph with errors boldfaced and corrections:

Original paragraph with errors:

Firstly, discouraging the purchase of unprescribed drugs. This sentence is a fragment and should be
connected to the previous sentence or rewritten as a complete sentence. This is another way by which
substance abuse can be prevented. Unprescribed drugs are drugs that have not being (should be
"been") recommended for patients by doctors, yet the patients go to the drug stores to get them. Since
others use them or they themselves may have been put on such drugs for particular ailments in times
past. This sentence is a fragment and should be connected to the previous sentence or rewritten as a
complete sentence. When this happen (should be "happens"), chances are they would use the wrong
treatment or misapply the right drug, this can be seriously detrimental to their health, missing
conjunction or punctuation to connect the two independent clauses. Prescription drugs such as
tramadol and others should not be sold to people unless they are authorised (should be "authorized")
by registered or certified doctors to use them. When pharmacists or drug store attendants insist on
seeing prescription before selling drugs to people, it can discourage them from using such drugs and
help to reduce their abuse.

Corrected paragraph:

Firstly, discouraging the purchase of unprescribed drugs is another way to prevent substance abuse.
Unprescribed drugs are drugs that have not been recommended for patients by doctors, yet patients still
obtain them from drug stores, often because others use them or they themselves were previously
prescribed such drugs for particular ailments. When this happens, patients may use the wrong
treatment or misapply the right drug, which can be seriously detrimental to their health. Prescription
drugs, such as tramadol, should not be sold to people unless they are authorized by registered or
certified doctors to use them. By insisting on seeing a prescription before selling drugs, pharmacists and
drug store attendants can discourage people from using unprescribed drugs and help reduce their
abuse.