Basic Calculus

Quarter 4: Module 4:
The Definite Integral of A
Function
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Quarter 4 – Module 4: The Definite Integral Of A Function
First Edition, 2020

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 Basic Calculus
Quarter 4: Module 4:
The Definite Integral of A
Function
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their learning at home. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible for your
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to solve the definite
integral of a function. This module will show you the application of the
previous lesson. To comprehend and master this lesson, you must undertake
the exercises that follow.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate the Substitution rule. STEM_BC11I-IVi-1

2. compute the definite integral of a function using the substitution rule.
STEM_BC11I-IVi-2

Let Us Try
Multiple choice. On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statement is false?

a. The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus shows that

differentiation and integration are inverse processes.
b. Another term for integration is antiderivative.
c. Antiderivative exists for continuous functions.
d. An indefinite integral is an integral written with two terminals.

2. Find the antiderivative of 1.

a. 1 b. 2 c. x d. 0

3. Find the antiderivative of x.

!! !"
a. 1 b. +𝐶 c. +𝐶 d. 0
" #

4. Find the antiderivative of 0.

a. C b. x c. 1 d. Z

5. When computing an indefinite integral, what value does it provide?

a. Estimate b. Exact c. Another function d. Undefined

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 Let Us Study
In the previous lesson, you have learned that the Fundamental Theorem
of calculus is a method to evaluate integrals without using the Riemann sums.
The disadvantage though is very clear as we must be able to find the
antiderivative, and this is not always easy. In this module, we will examine a
technique called integration by substitution (reverse chain rule), to help us find
antiderivatives. Below is the general formula for the Substitution with definite
integrals

Let u = g(x) and let g’ be continuous over an interval [a, b], and let f be
continuous over the range of u = g(x). Then,

Where a is the lower limit and b is the upper limit.

Example 1: Evaluate using the (a) fundamental theorem of

calculus and the (b) substitution method for comparison.

a.) Using the fundamental theorem of calculus:

Use binomial theorem to expand.

Evaluate the indefinite integral first.

Integrate term by term

The definite integral is the

antiderivative of the
expression evaluated at the
antiderivative of upper limit
minus the lower limit of
integration

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 b.) Using the substitution method:

"
∫$ (𝑥 − 1)" 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 (Derivative both sides of the equation 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 1, u which is du and
𝑥 − 1 which is dx)

"
∫$ (𝑢)" 𝑑𝑢 Substitute u and du
∫(𝑢)" 𝑑𝑢 Evaluate the indefinite integral.
%"
= +𝐶
#
(!'$)"
= #
+𝐶 Substitute 𝑥 − 1 to u

Since the definite integral is the antiderivative of the expression evaluated at

the antiderivative of upper limit minus the lower limit of integration, then
(!'$)" "
=[ ]$ The upper limit is 2 and the lower limit is 1
#
("'$)" ($'$)"
= − Substitute (Upper limit – lower limit)
# #
($)" ())"
= − Simplify
# #
$
= #
− 0 Simplify
$
= #

As you can see, there is no big difference in terms of ease when using
substitution method versus the basic integration, however as the function
becomes more difficult, the difference becomes more noticeable.

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Example 2: Evaluate using the (a) fundamental theorem of

calculus and the (b) substitution method for comparison.

a) Using the fundamental theorem of calculus:

b) Using the substitution method:

$
∫'$(4 − 𝑥)# 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 4 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥 (Derivative both sides of the equation 𝑢 = 4 − 𝑥, u which
−𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 is du and 4 − 𝑥 which is –dx)

$
∫'$(𝑢 )# (−𝑑𝑢) Substitute 4 − 𝑥 to u and dx to -du

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 It is now clear to see which method is easier to do. In this example,
substitution method is less complicated and less tedious.

Example 3: Evaluate using the substitution method.

Solutions:

Note: Basic integration and

Integration by parts is not
applicable to this example.

Example 4: Evaluate using the substitution method.

Solutions:

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 Let Us Practice
Direction: Find the antiderivative of column A in column B. Write the letter
of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

A B

1. ∫(1 − 3 𝑥 " − 6𝑥)dx a. −(𝑥 + 1)# + 4𝑥 + 𝐶

(!*")#
2. ∫(𝑥 − 𝑥 # )𝑑𝑥 b. +
+𝐶

3. ∫(𝑥 − 3)" 𝑑𝑥 c. ln(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶

(!'#)"
4. ∫(𝑥 + 2)# 𝑑𝑥 d.
#
+𝐶

$ !! !#
5. ∫ 6!*$7 𝑑𝑥 e.
"
−
+
+𝐶

Let Us Practice More

Solve the given problems below. Show the entire process of solving. Write it
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Integrate using the Fundamental theorem of

calculus. (Basic integrals)

2. Integrate using the Substitution rule.

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 Let Us Remember
Answer the following questions. Write your answers in no less than
three sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Can you apply substitution to find an integral all the time? Why?
2. What is the general formula for the substitution rule?
3. What should we observe so that substitution rule is a viable option to find an
integral?
4. What is the whole idea of the lower limit and the upper limit in integration?
5. How does substitution help you in finding an integral?

Let Us Assess
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

i. Substitution rule is the reverse of chain rule.

ii. The substitution method is used when an integral contains some
function and its derivative.
iii. Substitution rule is not applicable to prime functions.

a. i only b. ii only c. iii only d. all statements are correct.

2. Find the definite integral of .

a. 1 b. 2 c. does not exist d. 0

3. Find the definite integral of .

!" !$ !% &'
a. #
b. #
c. #
d. #

4. Which of the following has a definite integral equal to 504?

& # !
a. ∫# (𝑥 + 9)& 𝑑𝑥 b. ∫(#(𝑥 + 9)& 𝑑𝑥 c. ∫(!(𝑥 + 9)& 𝑑𝑥 d. none of these

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 5. The use of substitution is to compute the antiderivative and then the
use of the anti-derivative to solve the definite integral.

a. The statement is true.

b. The statement is false.
c. The statement is applied on a case-to-case basis.
d. The statement is half-true and half-false.

Let Us Enhance
Show the complete process of finding the integral by using any means
possible. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Find the definite integral of:

Let Us Reflect
The activities aim is to hone you in finding the definite integral of a
composite function and give a comparison. As the ancient adage goes “There
are many ways to cook a chicken”, there are still a lot of ways in finding
definite integral such as Integration by parts, by partial fraction expansion,
Weierstrass substitution, and many more. As you go on along in these series
of modules in basic calculus, you would notice that the authors are giving you
other options and methods to diversify your arsenal. So before you can cook
your chicken in many ways, there are also many ways to kill it, Cheers!

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 9
Let Us Enhance Let Us Assess
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. a
Let Us Practice More
Let us Practice Let Us Try
1. d
1. a 2. c
2. e 3. b
4. a
3. d 5. a
4. b
5. c
Answer Key
 References

Eli Passo, Ph.d.: Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of understanding

calculus concepts, 1996
Louis Leithold; TC7 LEITHOLD, 2002

https://www.snapxam.com/solver?p=%5Cint_%7B-
2%7D%5E4%5Cleft%28%5Csqrt%7Bx%2B9%7D%5Cright%29%5E2d
x&method=9
https://www2.lawrence.edu/fast/GREGGJ/Math150/012Basics+Substituti
on.pdf
https://www.tesd.net/cms/lib/PA01001259/Centricity/Domain/390/Unit
%207%20in%20PDF.pdf

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