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CH 13 Mutual Inductance

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37 views14 pages

CH 13 Mutual Inductance

Uploaded by

glllsnn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 13

Magnetically coupled inductors and


transformers

1
Mutual Inductance
• It is the ability of one inductor to induce a voltage across a neighboring
inductor, measured in henrys (H).

di1 di2
v2  M 21 v1  M 12
dt dt

The open-circuit mutual voltage The open-circuit mutual voltage


across coil 2 across coil 1 2
• If a current enters the dotted terminal of one coil, the reference
polarity of the mutual voltage in the second coil is positive at
the dotted terminal of the second coil.

Illustration of the dot convention. 3


Dot convention for coils in series; the sign indicates the polarity of the
mutual voltage; (a) series-aiding connection, (b) series-opposing connection.

L  L1  L2  2M L  L1  L2  2M
(series- aiding connection) (series- aiding connection)

4
Time-domain analysis of
a circuit containing
coupled coils.

Frequency-domain
analysis of a circuit
containing coupled coils

5
Example 1

Calculate the phasor currents I1 and I2 in the circuit shown


below.

Ans: I1  13.01  49.39A; I 2  2.9114.04A


*Refer to in-class illustration, textbook 6
Energy in a Coupled Circuits
• The coupling coefficient, k, is a measure of the magnetic
coupling between two coils; 0≤k≤1.

M  k L1 L2

• The instantaneous energy stored in the circuit is given by

1 2 1 2
w  L1i1  L2i2  MI1I 2
2 2 7
Example:
Consider the circuit below. Determine the coupling
coefficient. Calculate the energy stored in the
coupled inductors at time t = 1s if
v=60cos(4t +30°) V.

Answer: k=0.56; w(1)=20.73J

8
Transformer

• It is an electrical device involving


coupled coils.

• It is used to transfer energy from one


circuit to another.
Property:
V • It is used for stepping up/down ac
Z in   R1  j L1  Z eq
I1 voltages, impedance matching,
Z eq is called as the reflected impedance. isolation, etc.
It is given by
2M 2 • It has four terminals comprising of
Z eq  magnetically coupled coils
R2  j L2  Z L

9
Example: In the circuit below, calculate the
input impedance and current I1. Take
Z1=60-j100Ω,
Z2=30+j40Ω,
ZL=80+j60Ω.

Answer: Zin  100.14  53.1; I1  0.5113.1A


10
Ideal transformer
• An ideal transformer is a unity-coupled transformer in which the primary
and secondary coils have infinite self-inductances.

V2 N 2 I 2 N1 1
 n  
V1 N1 I1 N 2 n

Circuit symbol

11
Example: An ideal transformer is rated at 2400/120V,
9.6 kVA, and has 50 turns on the secondary side.
Calculate:
(a) the turns ratio,
(b) the number of turns on the primary side, and
(c) the current ratings for the primary and
secondary windings.

Ans:
(a) n=0.05
(b) N1 = 1000 turns
(c) I1 = 4A and I2 = 80A

12
Applications
Transformer as an Isolation Device to isolate AC supply
from a rectifier

Transformer as an Isolation Device to isolate dc


between two amplifier stages.

Using an ideal transformer to match the speaker to the


amplifier

Example: Calculate the turns ratio n of an ideal transformer required to match a 100Ω load
to a source with internal impedance of 2.5kΩ. Find the load voltage when the source
voltage is 30V.
Answer: n = 0.2; VL = 3V 13
Transformers in power distribution systems

14

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