Answers

Chapter 1 7. a) Translate down 2 units b) Reflect in x-axis, then vertical

y stretch, scale factor 4, then
Getting Started, p. 2 4 translate up 3 units
y
1. a) 22x 1 8y b) 16x 22 y 2 c) 2 x 2 1 2 d) 2x 2 1 16x 2 4 y =
4x2 + 3
2. a) 246 b) 119 c) 27 d) 66 x
2
3. a) x 5 3 b) x 5 22 c) y 5 236 d) x 5 22
4
2 0 2 4 x
4. a) y b) y
2 y = x2
2

4
2 0 2 4
4
4
2
y = 2x
3 4
2
4
2 3x + 4y = 12
x
x
6

2 0 2 4 6

2
2 0 2 4 6

2 c) Vertical compression, scale factor, then translate right 1 unit and

4 down 4 units

4
y = 21 (x
1)2
4
5. a) y b) y y
6
4 x2 + y2 = 9 4
4
3x2 + 3y2 = 12
2 2
x x 2
x

4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4

2
2
4
2 0 2 4

2

4
4

4

6. a) y c) y d) Reflect in x-axis, then vertical stretch, scale factor 2, then translate

y =
3(x + 4)2 + 2 left 3 units and up 5 units
8 2
x y
4

8
6
4
2 0 8
x y =
2(x + 3)2 + 5

2

4
2 0 2 4 4

4
4 x
y = x2
6

6
8
6
4
2 0

8
4

8
b) y = (x
2)2
1 d) y
12

x2

Answers
y y= + 6x
6 8
8. a) x 5 2 or 3 b) x 5 65
4 4 9. Similarities: none of the equations for the relations involve powers
x
2 higher than 2. Differences: linear and quadratic relations assign one
0 2 4 6 8
x y-value to each x-value, but circles may assign 0, 1, or 2 y-values;

4 the relations have different shapes and model different types of
0 2 4 6 8

2 problems; linear relations may only enter 2 or 3 quadrants.

Property Linear Relations Circles Quadratic Relations

Equation(s) y 5 mx 1 c (x 2 h) 1 (y 2 k) 5 r
2 2 2
y 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c
or Ax 1 By 5 C or y 5 a(x 2 h)2 1 k
Shape of graph Straight line Circle Parabola
Number of quadrants 2 or 3 1, 2, 3, or 4 1, 2, 3, or 4
graph enters
Descriptive features Slope is constant; Graph has upper and Graph has a single lowest or
of graph crosses each axis lower parts highest point (vertex); crosses
at most once y-axis once, x-axis 0, 1, or 2 times
Types of problems modelled Direct and partial Constant distance from Some economic functions;
by the relation variation a point motion of a projectile; area

NEL Answers 617

Lesson 1.1, pp. 10–12 grades, credits:
y
1. a) Function; each x-value has only one y-value 24
b) Not a function; for x 5 1, y 5 23 and 0 22
20
c) Not a Function; for x 5 0, y 5 4 and 1 18
d) Function; each x-value has only one y-value 16

Credits
14
2. a) Not a function c) Function e) Function 12
b) Not a function d) Not a function f ) Not a function 10
3. For y 5 x2 2 5x, each x-value gives a single y-value. For x 5 y2 2 5y, 8
6
each x-value gives a quadratic equation in y, which may have two 4
solutions. 2 x
4. a) {(Barbara, 10), (Pierre, 12), (Kateri, 11), (Mandeep, 11), (Elly, 10)} 0 5 10
Grades
Barbara 10 students, credits:
Pierre
Kateri 11 y
Mandeep 24
Elly 12 22
20
18

Credits
16
{(10, 8), (12, 25), (11, 15), (11, 18), (10, 16)} 14
12
8 10
10 25 8
6
11 15 4
12 18 2 x
16 0

a
re

an i
ep

ly
M ater
ar

El
er

de
rb
Pi
K
Ba
{(Barbara, 8), (Pierre, 25), (Kateri, 15), (Mandeep, 18), (Elly, 16)}
Students
Barbara 8
Pierre 25 6. y 5 3: horizontal line; function (passes vertical-line test).
Kateri 15 x 5 3: vertical line; not a function (fails vertical-line test)
Mandeep 18 7. a) Linear, function c) Quadratic, function
Elly 16 y y

b) students, grades: domain 5 {Barbara, Pierre, Kateri,

8 y =
23 (x + 3)2 + 1 2
x
Mandeep, Elly}, range 5 {10, 11, 12} grades, credits: 6

8
6
4
2 0
domain 5 {10, 11, 12}, range 5 {8, 15, 16, 18, 25} students, y = 5
2x
2
4
credits: domain 5 {Barbara, Pierre, Kateri, Mandeep, Elly},
range 5 {8, 15, 16, 18, 25} 2
4
c) Only grades-credits relation is not a function; it has repeated range x

6
values for single domain values. 0 1 2 3 4
5. students, grades:
y b) Quadratic, function d) Circle, not a function
12
y y
10 4 4
Grades

8 2 2
6 x x

4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4
4
2 y = 2x2
3
2
2
4
4
x
x2 + y2 = 25
0
a
re

an i
ep

ly
M ater
ar

El
er

de
rb
Pi
K
Ba

Students

618 Answers NEL

 8. a) i) 1.25; 2.75 ii) 62; 0 iii) 2; 22 iv) 0; 6"2 2. a) 2 b) 4 c) 25 d) 23 or 24
b) Functions: (i), (iii) 3. a) f (x) 5 1200 2 3x
c) Graph relation and apply vertical-line test, or solve equation for y b) 840 mL c) 3:10 pm
and check for multiple values 4. a) 8, 0, 20.75 b) 25, 225, 22.5
9. Functions: (a), (b), (d) 1 1 2
10. Not a function; for example, when x 5 6, y 5 2 or 22; graph fails 5. a) 2 b) undefined c) d) 2
6 3 3
vertical-line test 6. a) domain 5 {22, 0, 2, 3, 5, 7}, range 5 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
11. Functions: (a), (b) b) i) 4 ii) 2 iii) 5 iv) 22
12. a) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 {y [ R | y $ 44} 7. a) 2a 2 5 b) 2b 2 3 c) 6c 2 7 d) 210x 2 1
b) Distance cannot be negative, cost cannot be lower than daily rental 8. a)
t g(t) g(t)
charge.
c) Yes, it passes the vertical line test. 20
0 5
13. a) Answers may vary; for example: b) Answers may vary; for example: 15 g(t) = 3t + 5
y y 1 8
10
8 2 11
4 5
4 3 14 t
x 2
0 1 2 3 4
x

8
4 0 4 8 4 17

4
2 0 2 4 6

2 5 20

8

4
b) i) 5 ii) 14 iii) 3 iv) 3 v) 3 vi) 3
9. a)
14. Answers may vary; for example: s f(s)

Definition: Characteristics: 0 9
A relation with only one y-value for A vertical line crosses the graph in at
each x-value most one place
1 4

Function
2 1
Examples: Non-examples:
3 0
3x + y = 2 x2 + y2 = 16
y =
2x2 + 7 y = +- x
7 b) i) 9 ii) 4 iii) 1 iv) 0 v) 2 vi) 2
c) They are the same; they represent the second differences, which are
constant for a quadratic function.
15. a) Each order quantity determines a single cost. 10. a) 49
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0} b) The y-coordinate of the point on the graph with x-coordinate 22
c) y c) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 {y [ R | y $ 21}
d) It passes the vertical-line test.
17
1000 11. a) 2 b) 0.4 c) 0.8 d)
25
12. a) f (x) 5 0.15x 1 50 b) $120.80 c) 200 km
Cost ($)

Answers
13. a) f (x) 5 (24 2 3x)x b) 45, 2195, 260 c) 48
500 14. f (x) 8 0.0034x(281 2 x)
15. a) f (x) = 3(x
1)2
4
y
6
x
0 100 200 4
Quantity (kg) 2
d) Answers may vary. For example, the company currently charges x
more for an order of 100 kg ($350) than for an order of 99 kg
4
2 0 2 4
($396). A better system would be for the company to charge
2
$50 plus $3.50 per kilogram for orders of 100 kg or more. This
4
would make the prices strictly increasing as the weight of the order
increases. b) The y-coordinate of the point on the graph with x-coordinate 21;
start from 21 on x-axis, move up to curve, then across to y-axis
Lesson 1.2, pp. 22–24 c) i) 3 ii) 9 iii) 3x 2 2 4
16. a) 3, 25 b) 1, 23 c) 21
1. a) 24 c) 14 e) 2 2 3a 1 1
1 17. a) b) , 21
b) 2 d) f ) 2 2 9b 4 3
2

NEL Answers 619

18. Answers may vary; for example: f (x) is defined as equal to an e) domain 5 {x [ R | x # 6}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 22}
expression involving x, for each x-value in the functions domain; f ) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 210},
the graph of f (x) is the set of all points (x, f (x)) for which x is range 5 { y [ R | y 5 26, 22 # y , 2, y . 4}
in the domain. Student examples will vary. 3. 1. (a), (b); 2. (b), (c), (e), (f)
2 1 2 1 4. domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 23}
19. a) f (x) 5 x 1 10 b) 73 , 126 , 153 , 180
3 3 3 3 5. a) Even at masses when the price changes, a single price (the lower
20. a) 8, 27, 64, 125, 216 b) cube of x or x3 one) is assigned. It would not make sense to assign two or more
prices to the same mass.
Lesson 1.3, p. 28 b) domain 5 {x [ R | 0 , x # 500},
range 5 {0.52, 0.93, 1.20, 1.86, 2.55}
1. y 6. v
g(x) = x1
4 16
2 f (x) = x 12
x
8

4
2 0 2 4

2 t = 15
v
4
t

4 0 5 10 15 20

Both graphs lie in quadrants 1 and 3; graph of g (x) is in two curved Graph passes vertical line test; domain 5 {v [ R | v . 0},
parts, and does not intersect axes. Vertical asymptote of g (x): x 5 0; range 5 {t [ R | t . 0}
horizontal asymptote of g (x): g (x) 5 0. 7. a) y
2. y 8
f (x) = x2 x2 + y2 = 36
6 4
4 x

8
4 0 4 8
2 g(x) = |x|
4
x

4
2 0 2 4
8

2

b) domain 5 {x [ R | 26 # x # 6},
Both graphs lie in quadrants 1 and 2; graph of f (x) curves, but graph range 5 { y [ R | 26 # y # 6}
of g (x) is formed by two straight half-lines. c) No; fails vertical line test
3. 8. V(t) 5 t; domain 5 {t [ R | 0 # t # 2500},
y
f (x) = x2 4 range 5 {V [ R | 0 # V # 2500}
9. a) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}
2 b) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 4}
g(x) = x c) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 1}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}

4
2 0 2 4 x d) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 25}

2 e) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}

4 f ) domain 5 {x [ R | x # 5}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
h(x) = x 10. a)
50 h h =
5t 2 + 20t + 25
Graph of g (x) is reflection of graph of f (x) in graph of h(x).
40
30
Lesson 1.4, pp. 35–37
20
1. a) domain 5 {1900, 1920, 1940, 1960, 1980, 2000},
range 5 {47.3, 54.1, 62.9, 69.7, 73.7, 77.0} 10
b) domain 5 {25, 21, 0, 3}, range 5 {9, 15, 17, 23} t
0 1 2 3 4 5
c) domain 5 {24, 0, 3, 5}, range 5 {21, 0, 3, 5, 7}
2. a) domain 5 {0, 62, 64, 66, 68, 610},
range 5 {28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 22, 0, 4, 8} b) domain 5 {t [ R | 0 # t # 5}, range 5 {h [ R | 0 # h # 45}
b) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R} c) h 5 25t 2 1 20t 1 25
c) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 28} 11. a) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}
d) domain 5 {x [ R | 26 # x # 6}, b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 2}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
range 5 { y [ R | 26 # y # 6} c) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 24}
d) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 25}

620 Answers NEL

12. a) 17. a) A 5 x 2 1 (10 2 x) 2 or 2x 2 2 20x 1 100
b) domain 5 {x [ R | 0 # x # 10},
range 5 {A [ R | 50 # A # 100}
c) P 5 4!x 2 1 (10 2 x) 2 or !2x 2 2 20x 1 100
d) domain 5 {x [ R | 0 # x # 10},
range 5 {P [ R | 50"2 # P # 400}

domain 5 {x [ R | x # 3}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 2} Mid-Chapter Review, p. 40

b)
1. a) Not a function
b) Function; each x-value goes to a single y-value
c) Function; passes vertical line test
d) Not a function
e) Function; each x-value determines a single y-value
f ) Function; each x-value determines a single y-value
2. x 2 1 y 5 4:

domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 22.25} x y y

4
c)
23 25 2
x
22 0

3
2
1 0 1 2 3
21 3
2 x2 + y = 4

0 4
4

6
1 3
domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y . 0} 2 0
d)
3 25

x 2 1 y 2 5 4:

x y y
2 x2 + y2 = 4
22 0
domain 5 { x [ R | x # 2!5, x $ !5 },
1
0 62 x
range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
2 0
2
1 0 1 2
450 2 3w
1
13. a) A 5 a bw
2
2
b) domain 5 {w [ R | 0 , w , 150},

Answers
range 5 {A [ R | 0 , A # 8437.5}
c) l 5 112.5 m, w 5 75 m 3. a) y
14. a) {214, 23.5, 4, 7, 13} b) {1, 6, 28, 55} 10
x
15. The domain is the set of x-values for a relation or function; the range is
the set of y-values corresponding to these x-values. Domain and range are
4
2 0 2 4
determined by values in x-column and y-column; x-coordinates and
10
y-coordinates of graph; x-values for which relation or function is defined,
20
and all possible corresponding y-values. Students’ examples will vary.

30
16. a) Answers may vary; for example: b) Answers may vary; for example:
y y f (x) =
2(x + 1)2 + 3
4
y=
x2 +2 2 y = +- x + 4 b) 25
2 c) y-coordinate of the point on the graph with x-coordinate 2 3
x 1
x d) i) 2 6 ii) 250 iii) 2 2(3 2 x)2 1 3

2
1 0 1 2 4. a) f (x) 5 (20 2 5x)x b) 15, 225, 2105 c) 20

2
4
2 0 2 4

1

4

2

6

NEL Answers 621

5. a) y domain 5 {x [ R}, Lesson 1.5, pp. 46–49
4 range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
1. a) {(3, 2 2), (4, 0), (5, 2), (6, 4)}
3 f (x) = x2 y
2 6

1 4
x 2

4
2 0 2 4 x

1
4
2 0 2 4 6

2
b) y domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 0},
range 5 { y [ R | y 2 0}
4
4
Both relation and inverse relation are functions.
2 f(x) = x1
x b) {(5, 2), (2 1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5)}

4
2 0 2 4 y

2 6

4 4
2
x
c) y domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0},
range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
4
2 0 2 4 6
4
2
3
4
2 Both relation and inverse relation are not functions.
1 f(x) = x 2. a) d)
y y
x
4 4 y = x +5 5
0 1 2 3 4
2 2
d) domain 5 {x [ R}, x x
y
4 range 5 {y [ R | y $ 0}
4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4

2
2
3 f(x) = |x|

4 y = 5x
5
2
4

1
x Function, point (1, 1) Function, point (1.25, 1.25)
is common is common

2
1 0 1 2

1 b) y e) y
y = 2x + 2
6. a) domain 5 {1, 2, 4}, range 5 {2, 3, 4, 5} 4 4
b) domain 5 {2 2, 0, 3, 7}, range 5 {2 1, 1, 3, 4} 2 2
c) domain 5 {2 4, 2 3, 2 2, 2 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, x x
range 5 {2 4, 2 3, 2 2, 2 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4
d) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 2 3}, range 5 { y [ R}
2
2 y = 0.5x
1
e) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 5}
4
4
f ) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 4}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
600 2 4w
7. a) A 5 a bw Not a function, point (22, 22) Function, point (22, 22) is
2
is common common
b) domain 5 {w [ R | 0 , w , 150},
c) y f) y
range 5 {A [ R | 0 , A # 11 250}
y = 1
3x 4
c) l 5 150 m, w 5 75 m 4
8. a) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 5} 2 2 y=2
x
b) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 4} x x
c) domain 5 {x [ R | 2 7 # x # 7},
4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4
range 5 { y [ R | 2 7 # y # 7}
2
2
y= 1
3
x
d) domain 5 {x [ R | 2 2 # x # 6},
4
4
range 5 { y [ R | 1 # y # 9}
Function, point (0.25, 0.25) is Function, all points are
common common. The function and
its inverse are the same graph.

622 Answers NEL

 3. a) No b) Yes c) y e) y
x13 6 2 4x x=5
4. a) y 5 c) y 5 8 8
4 3 y=5
y=x
2x 2 10 4 4
b) y 5 2(2 2 x) d) y 5 x x
5

8
4 0 4 8
8
4 0 4 8
5. a) f 21 (x) 5 x 1 4 d) f 21 (x) 5 2(x 1 1)
4
4
x21 62x
b) f 21 (x) 5 e) f 21 (x) 5
8
8
3 5
21 1 21 4
c) f (x) 5 x f ) f (x) 5 (x 2 2)
5 3 Not a function, linear Function, linear
6. a) f (x) 5 x 2 7
1
d) f 1 (x) 5 25(x 1 2) The function and its inverse
b) f 1 (x) 5 2 2 x e) f 1 (x) 5 x are the same graph.
c) x55 f ) f 21 (x) 5 4x 1 3 d) y f) y
7. Question 5. 8 y =
5x + 10 8 y = 4x + 3
a) y d) y 4 4
y = 2x + 2 x x
4 4
y=x+4 y = 2x
1
8
4 0 4 8
8
4 0 4 8
2 2
4
4
x x y =
5x
2 y= x
3

8 4
8

4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4

2 y=x
4
2

4
4 Function, linear Function, linear

8. a) {(2, 21), (4, 1), (6, 2), (8, 3)}

Function, linear Function, linear
y
b) e) 8
y y
y = 3x + 1 6
y= 6

4 x 4
y=x
1 5 y = 6
5x
2 3 2 4
x x
2

4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4 x

2
2

2 0 2 4 6 8

4
4
2

Function: domain 5 {21, 1, 2, 3}, range 5 {2, 4, 6, 8};

Function, linear Function, linear inverse: domain 5 {2, 4, 6, 8}, range 5 {21, 1, 2, 3};
c) f) domain, range are interchanged
y y
y = 5x b) {(6, 24), (3, 22), (8, 1), (8, 5)}
4 4
y
2 y = 5x 8
y = 3x +2 2

Answers
x 4 x 6

4
2 0 2 4
4
2 0 2 4

2
2 4(x
2) 4
y= 3

4
4 2
x

4
2 0 2 4 6 8
Function, linear Function, linear
2
Question 6.
4
a) y b) y Function: domain 5 {24, 22, 1, 5}, range 5 {3, 6, 8};
y=x+7
8 8 inverse: domain 5 {3, 6, 8}, range 5 {24, 22, 1, 5};
4 4 domain, range are interchanged
x y=2
x x

8
4 0 4 8
8
4 0 4 8

4 y=x
7
4

8
8

Function, linear Function, linear

The function and its inverse
are the same graph.

NEL Answers 623

 12x
c) f 21 (x) 5 y
3
8
h(x) = 2x
1
y
f(x) = 1
3x 4 6
4
2 f
1(x) = 1

3
x
x 2 h
1(x) = x 2+ 1
x

4
2 0 2 4

2 0 2 4 6 8

4 Function equation is linear in x, or, graph is a straight line;
(1, 1); slopes are reciprocals of each other. p21 (x) 5 6 2 x
Function: domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R};
inverse: domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}; y
domain, range are identical for both 8
d) {(23, 24), (22, 23), (22, 22), (22, 21), (21, 0), (21, 1), 6 p(x) = 6
x
(0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (1, 5)} p
1(x) = 6
x
4
y
6
2
4 x
0 2 4 6 8
2
x
Function equation is linear in x, or, graph is a straight line; all

4
2 0 2 4 points on graphs; slopes are equal. q21 is the relation x 5 2

2
y

4
8 q
1: x = 2
Function: domain 5 {0, 61, 62, 63, 64, 5}, range 5 {0, 61, 62,
6
23}; inverse: domain 5 {0, 61, 62, 23}, range 5 {0, 61, 62,
63, 64, 5}; domain, range are interchanged 4
x12 q(x) = 2
9. a) f 21 (x) 5 2
5 x
b) y 0 2 4 6 8
4 f(x) = 5x
2
In this case, q21 is not a function, but its graph is a straight line;
f
1(x) = x 5+ 2 2 (2, 2); slopes are 0 and undefined.
x 1
10. a) 37 b) 19 c) 3 d) 5 e) 3 f)

4
2 0 21 3
2 4 11. c) is slope of g(t); f ) is slope of g (t)

2 12. a) f (x) 5 2x 1 30

4 b) Subtract 30, then halve; a Canadian visiting the United States
1
c) f 1 (x) 5 (x 2 30)
2
c) Function equation is linear in x; or, graph is a straight line.
d) f (14) 5 2(14) 1 30 5 58 °F
d) a , b
1 1
1
2 2 e) f 1 (70) 5 (70 2 30) 5 20 °C
2
e) Slopes are reciprocals of each other.
13. a) Multiply by 10, then divide by 4
f ) g21 (x) 5 2(3 2 x)
b) A Canadian visiting the U.S.
y 4x 10x
c) g(x) 5 ; g21 (x) 5
8 10 4
4(15)
6 g
1(x) = 2(3
x) d) g(15) 5 5 6 in.
10
4 10(70)
21
g(x) =
21 x + 3 e) g (70) 5 5 175 cm
2 4
x 14. y 5 0.38x 1 0.50
0 2 4 6 8

Function equation is linear in x, or, graph is a straight line;

x11
(2, 2); slopes are reciprocals of each other. h21 (x) 5
2

624 Answers NEL

15. a) y 4. Answers will vary. For example,

120 y = 32.2 + 0.05(x
1000)

100
Pay ($) 80
60
40
20
x Lesson 1.7, pp. 58–60
0
1000 2000 3000
1
a) y 5 (3x)2 b) y 5 2 x
Å
Sales ($) 1.
2
b) f (x) 5 32.2 1 0.05(x 21000) 2. a) y 5 |x|; horizontal stretch c) y 5 "x; horizontal
c) y factor 2
3000 1
y = 20(x
32.2) + 1000 compression factor
2
y
2500 and reflection in y-axis
8
y
Sales ($)

2000
6 y = |x| 8
1500
4 6
1000
2 y =
2x
500 4
y = |0.5x| x y= x
x
0
4
2 0 2 4 2
50 100 x
Pay ($)
4
2 0 2 4
d) f 1 (x) 5 1000 1 20(x 2 32.2)
e) f 21 (420) 5 1000 1 20(420 2 32.2) 5 $8756 1
b) y 5 x 2; horizontal stretch d) y 5 ; horizontal
16. Because (1, 2) cannot belong to f, as well as (1, 5). x
factor 4 1
17. k 5 2 compression factor
y 5
18. Definition: Methods:
8 y
Inverse of a function Switch x and y and solve for y y = x2
of form f(x) = mx + c Take reciprocal of slope, 4
switch x- and y-intercepts 6
1 2 y = x1
Inverse of a Linear 4 y = 5x
Examples: Function Properties: y = ( 1 x) 2 x
4
x
2
f(x) = 3x + 2, f
1(x) = Has form f
1(x) = mx + c or x = c
2
4
2 0 2 4
3 x
2
Graph is straight line
g(x) = (2
5x), g
1(x) = 2
7 x
5

4
2 0 2 4
7 5 25
4

19. Answers may vary; for example: y 5 x; y 5 2 x; y 5 1 2 x

Answers
20. ( f 21 ) 21 (x) 5 3x 1 4 3. a) (1.5, 4) b) (6, 4) c) (9, 4) d) (20.75, 4)
4. a) y b) y
Lesson 1.6, p. 51 y = x2
8 8
y = 4x
1. a) Upper half-parabola, opening right, vertex at (1, 2) 6 6
b) V-shape, opening up, vertex at (1, 2) 4 y = 3x
4 y = (2x)2
c) Hyperbola, asymptotes x 5 1 and y 5 2, graph lying to upper y = (5x)2
right and lower left of asymptotes 2 2 y= x
2. a) Graph of y 5 "x is upper half, graph of y 5 2"x lower half of
x x
parabola opening right.
4
2 0 2 4 0 2 4 6 8 10
b) Graph of y 5 |x| opens up, graph of y 5 2 |x| opens down.
1 Horizontal compression Horizontal compression
c) Graph of y 5 lies to upper right and lower left of asymptotes, 1 1
x factor , (0, 0); horizontal factor , (0, 0); horizontal
2 3
1 1 1
graph of y 5 2 lies to lower right and upper left. compression factor , (0, 0) compression factor , (0, 0)
x 5 4
3. a) Graph of y 5 2 "x is narrower (steeper) than graph of y 5 "x.
b) Graph of y 5 2|x| is narrower (steeper) than graph of y 5 |x|.
2 1
c) Graph of y 5 is narrower (steeper) than graph of y 5 .
x x

NEL Answers 625

 c) y d) y 6. a) c)
y = ( 1 x) 2 y = ( 1 x) 2
y
y = |3x| 3 2 1
4 8 4 y=1
y = |5x| y
1 2 y = x1 2 y=1 4x
y = 2x 6 8 y=x x 2
x x
4 6

4
2 0 2 4 y = |x|
4
2 0 2 4

2 1
y = 3x 2 4 1
2
x y=1

4 2 2 x
4

4
2 0 2 4
x

4
2 0 2 4 Horizontal stretch factor 2,
Horizontal compression Horizontal compression no invariant points;
1 1
factor , no invariant points; factor , (0, 0); horizontal Horizontal stretch factor 2, horizontal stretch factor 4,
2 3 (0, 0); horizontal stretch no invariant points
1 1
horizontal compression factor , compression factor , (0, 0) factor 3, (0, 0)
3 5
no invariant points b) d)
y y
6
5. a) c) y y = 31 x y = 41 x 8
y = (
5x)2 y = (
2x)2 4 y = | 15 x| y = | 13 x|
y 4 y= x 6
1 2 y = |x|
8 y =
2x 2 y = x1 x 4
x
6 y= x2 0 2 4 6 8 10 2

4
2 0 2 4

2 x
4 1
y =
3x Horizontal stretch factor 2,
4
2 0 2 4
2
4
(0, 0); horizontal stretch
x
factor 3, (0, 0) Horizontal stretch factor 3,

4
2 0 2 4 (0, 0); horizontal stretch
factor 5, (0, 0)
Horizontal compression factor Horizontal compression factor 7. a) c)
1 1 y = (
1 x) 2 y = (
1 x) 2 y
and (optional) reflection and reflection in y-axis, 2 4 y = 11 4
2 2 y
2 x
in y-axis, (0, 0); horizontal no invariant points; horizontal 2
8 y=x 2 y=1
1 1 x x
compression factor and compression factor and
5 3 6
(optional) reflection in reflection in y-axis,
4
2 0 2 4
4
2
y-axis, (0, 0) no invariant points
2
4 y = 11
b) y d) y = |
5x| y = |
3x|
4 x
x
8 y
4
2 0 2 4 Horizontal stretch factor 2
8
y =
4x 6 and reflection in y-axis, no
6 Horizontal stretch factor 2 and
4 invariant points; horizontal
(optional) reflection in y-axis,
y= x 4 stretch factor 4 and reflection
(0, 0); horizontal stretch
y =
3x 2 y = |x| in y-axis, no invariant points
x 2 factor 3 and (optional) reflection

4
2 0 2 4 x in y-axis, (0, 0)

4
2 0 2 4 b) d)
y y
6
y = |
15 x| 8 y = |
13 x|
Horizontal compression factor Horizontal compression factor y =
31 x 4 y= x
1 1 6
and reflection in y-axis, and (optional) reflection in 2 y = |x|
3 3 4
x
(0, 0); horizontal y-axis, (0, 0); horizontal
1 1
8
4 0 4 8 2
compression factor and compression factor and
4 5 y =
41 x x
reflection in y-axis, (0, 0) (optional) reflection
4
2 0 2 4
in y-axis, (0, 0)
Horizontal stretch factor 2 and
reflection in y-axis, (0, 0); Horizontal stretch factor 3 and
horizontal stretch factor 3 (optional) reflection in y-axis,
and reflection in y-axis, (0, 0) (0, 0); horizontal stretch factor
5 and (optional) reflection in
y-axis, (0, 0)

626 Answers NEL

 1 2
c) g (x) 5 a xb
1 d) g(x) = |
2x| f(x) = |x|
8. a) g (x) 5 |2x| b) g (x) 5
22x 4 y
d) g (x) 5 "23x 8
9. a) domain: {h [ R | h $ 0}; range: {t [ R | t $ 0} 6
b) t
8 4
t(h) = h
6 2
h
t(h) = 4.9 x
4

4
2 0 2 4
2
h h(x) = | 21 x|
0 20 40 g (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
h(x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
10. a)
g(x) = ( 41 x) 1
2
11. a) b) 2 c) 21 d) 25
y 4
4 2
f(x) = x2 12. a) 1.5, 21 b) 9, 26 c) 21,
3
2 1
x 13. a) For k . 1, effect is a horizontal compression with scale factor ;
k

4
2 0 2 4 1

2 for 0 , k , 1, a horizontal stretch with scale factor ; for k , 0,
k

4 h(x) = (
4x2) reflection in the y-axis, then a horizontal compression or stretch
1

6 with scale factor . Apply these transformations to the graph of
|k|
y 5 f (x) to sketch the graph of y 5 f (kx).
g (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
b) Answers may vary; for example: A horizontal compression or stretch
h(x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 0}
is equivalent to a vertical stretch or compression, respectively; scale
b) y factors are reciprocals of each other for some functions, such as
8 a
f (x) 5 ax, f (x) 5 a|x|, and f (x) 5 x , but not for others, such
6
as f (x) 5 ax 2 1 bx 1 c and f (x) 5 a"x 2 d 1 c.
4
14. a)–c)
2
x y

4
2 0 2 4 4
2 b, c
g (x): domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}; a x
h(x): domain 5 {x [ R | x # 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
4
2 0 2 4
c) y
2
g(x) = 1 4
4

Answers
4x
2 f(x) = 1
x
x c) The horizontal and vertical stretches give the same graph.

4
2 0 2 4
y 5 2a b ; both equations simplify to y 5
1 1 2

2 d) y 5 1 ,
2x x x

4 h(x) = 11

3 x 1
15. Translation 4 units left, then horizontal compression factor ; yes;
2
g (x): domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 0}; check students’ parent function investigations
h(x): domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 0}
Lesson 1.8, pp. 70–73
1. A: vertical stretch, factor 5; B: reflection in y-axis; C: horizontal
compression, factor 5; D: translation 2 units right; E: translation
4 units up
2. Divide the x-coordinates by 3: C; Multiply the y-coordinates by 5: A;
Multiply the x-coordinates by 21: B; Add 4 to the y-coordinate: E;
Add 2 to the x-coordinate: D

NEL Answers 627

3. b) 1
y =
f – (x + 1) + 2
f(x) f(3x) f(23x) 5f(23x) 5f[23(x 2 2)] 1 4
4
y
8
a , 1b a2 , 1b a2 , 5b a1 , 9b
1 1 1 2
(1, 1) 6
3 3 3 3
4
4. a) Vertical stretch, factor 3, then translation 1 unit down
b) Translation 2 units right and 3 units up 2
x
1
c) Horizontal compression, factor , then translation 5 units down
12
8
4 0 4 8
2
d) Reflection in x-axis, horizontal stretch with factor 2, and then
translation 2 units down domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 2}
2 c)
e) Vertical compression, factor , then translation 3 units left and y
3 8
1 unit up
f ) Vertical stretch with factor 4, reflection in y-axis, and then 6
translation 4 units down
4
5. a) y = 3(x
2)2 + 1 c) y=
2 +3
y x
1 2
y
8 y= 1 x
x 4 y= 2 0
6 x 2 4 6 8
y = 3x2 2 2
2
4 y =

x x y = 0.5f [3(x
4)]
1
2
y = x
2
4
2 0 2 4 domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 23}
x
2

2 0 2 4 6 8. a) y

2
8 y = f(x
1) + 4
6
b) d)
4
y y = |x| y
6 4 2
y =
3x x
y = 3x
4 y = | 21 x| 2 0 2 4 6 8
x
2
y= xx
6
4
2 0 2 domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 1}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 4}
y =
| 21 x|
2

4
2 0 2 4 b) y

2
4 x

8
6
4
2 0
y =
3(x + 1)
4 y =
| 21 (x + 3)|
2
1

6. a) Horizontal stretch, factor 3, then translation 4 units left
2

b) Vertical stretch with factor 2, reflection in y-axis, and then
3
translation 3 units right and 1 unit up y = f
21 (x + 4)
3

4
c) Reflection in x-axis, vertical stretch with factor 3, horizontal
1
compression with factor , then translation 1 unit right and
2 domain 5 {x [ R | x # 24}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 23}
3 units down c) y =
2f [
(x
2)] + 1
7. a) y y
8
8
6
6
4
4
2 y = f(x
2) + 3
2
x x
0 1 2 3 4
8
6
4
2 0 2
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 3} domain 5 {x [ R | x # 2}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 1}

628 Answers NEL

 9. a) y 13. y
y = 2f(x
3) 10
8 p(x) = f(4x + 8)
8
6
6
4
4
2
x 2 f(x) = |x|
0 x
2 4 6 8

4
2 0 2 4
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
b) y = 4f [2(x
1)]
2 14. Pd = |P
120|
y Pd
6 40
4 30
2 20
x
10

2 0 2 4 P

2 0 40 80 120 160
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 22}
15. T
c) y
6 8
4 4
T(s) = s1
2
x
8
4 0 4 8 s

4

6
4
2 0 2

2 T(s) = 20
s
8 15
T(s) = s
3

4
y =
21 f [3(x + 2)] + 4 16. y = 3g[
(x
5)]
2
y
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 4} 6
10. a) Translation right 2 4
b) Translation up 2 g(x) = x
c) Vertical compression, factor 0.5 2
d) Vertical stretch, factor 2 x
e) Horizontal compression, factor 0.5
2 0 2 4 6
f) Reflection in x-axis
2

11. g(x) = f(2x + 6)
4

Answers
y
6 y 5 3"2 (x 2 5) 2 2
4 17. g (x) 5 3f [2 (x 1 1)] 1 2
1
2 f(x) = x2 18. a) C; parent graph is y 5 x , asymptotes are translated 2 units right
x and 1 unit up, and graph has been reflected in one of the axes

4
2 0 2 4 b) E; parent graph is y 5 |x|, and vertex is translated 3 units right
and 2 units down
12. h(x) = f(
3x
12) c) A: parent graph is y 5 "x, graph has been reflected in y-axis,
y and vertex is translated 3 units left and 2 units down
6
d) G: parent graph is y 5 x 2, and vertex is translated 2 units right
4 f(x) = x and 3 units down
1
2 e) F; parent graph is y 5 x , asymptotes are translated 3 units down,
x and graph has been reflected in one of the axes

8
4 0 4 8 f ) D; parent graph is y 5 |x|, graph has been reflected in y-axis, and
vertex is translated 4 units left and 2 units up
g) H: parent graph is y 5 "x, graph has been reflected in x- and
y-axes, and vertex is translated 1 unit right and 1 unit up
h) B: parent graph is y 5 x 2, graph has been reflected in y-axis, and
vertex is translated 4 units left and 1 unit up

NEL Answers 629

19. a) a 5 22, k 5 1, c 5 0, d 5 4 Chapter Review, pp. 76–77
y
4
y= x 1. a) domain 5 {23, 21, 0, 4}, range 5 {0, 1, 5, 6}; not a
2 function, because two y-values are assigned to x 5 0
x b) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}; function, because each
0 x-value has only one y-value assigned
2 4 6 8

2 c) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 24}, range 5 { y [ R}; not a
function, because each x . 24 has two y-values assigned

4 d) domain 5 {x [ R | 24 # x # 4},
y =
2 x
4 range 5 { y [ R | 24 # y # 4};

6
not a function, because each x except 64 has
two y-values assigned
domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 4}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 0}
2. Vertical-line test
1 a) d)
b) a 5 , k 5 21, c 5 23, d 5 24 y y
2 x2 + y2 = 1
2 1
y= 1 ( 1
2 (
(x + 3)) )
4 1
y x x
4
2
1 0 1 2
1 0 1

1
2 y= 1
x x
2
1

4
2 0 2 4

2
Not a function Not a function

4 b) y e) y
4 2
domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 23}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 24} y = x1
3 1
1 x
c) a 5 3, k 5 , c 5 26, d 5 1
3 2

2
1 0 1 2
y 1 y = 4
3x
1
2 y = |x| x

2
x
1 0 1 2 3 4

4
2 0 2 4

2 Function Function
c) y f) y

4 10 6

6 8 4
y= x
6 2
y = 3| 1 (x
1)|
6 y = (x
2)2 + 4 x
3 4 0 2 4 6 8
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 26}
2
2 2 x Function
20. a) 2, 25 b) 2, 25 c) 2 , 1 , d) 24, 3 0
3 3 2 4 6 8
21. A. Sketch parent function; B. Apply reflections in x-axis if a , 0 and Function
in y-axis if k , 0; apply vertical stretch or compression with 3. Answers may vary; for example:
1 y
factor |a|, and stretch or compression with factor ; D. 4 y =
3x2 + 3
|k|
Translate c units right (or 2 c units left if c , 0) and d units up 2
(or 2 d units down if d , 0). Transformations in steps B and C can x
be done in any order, but must precede translation in step D.
4
2 0 2 4
1
22. a) Reflection in x-axis, vertical compression factor [or horizontal
2
4
stretch factor 2], and then translation 3 units left and 1 unit up
4
2
b) y 5 2 (x 1 3) 2 1 2 c or y 5 2 c (x 1 3) d 1 2 d
1 1

6
4 2
23. Graphs are both based on a parabola, but open in different directions,
8
and graph of g(x) is only an upper half-parabola. Reflect right half of
4. a) 27 d) 4b2 1 6b 2 5
graph of f (x) in the line y 5 x.
b) 25 e) 28a 2 1
c) 22 f ) 1 or 22

630 Answers NEL

 5. a), b) 13. a)
f(x) = x2 g(x) = ( 21 x)2
y
f(x) =
2(x
3)2 + 4 y
4 4
2 2
x x
0 1 2 3 4
4
2 0 2 4

2
2

4
4

a) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 4} h(x) =
(2x)2

b) f (1) represents the y-coordinate corresponding to x 5 1. f (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
c) i) 2 ii) 21 iii) 22(2 x 2 2)2 1 4 g (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
6. 5, 21 h(x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 0}
7. a) h
h =
5t2 + 20t + 60 b) g(x) = |
4x|
80
y
60
8
40 f(x) = |x|
6
20
t 4
0 2 4 6 8 2
x
b) domain 5 {t [ R | 0 # t # 6},
4
2 0 2 4
range 5 {h [ R | 0 # h # 80}
c) h 5 25t 2 1 20t 1 60 h(x) = | 1 x|
4
8. a) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 {y [ R | y $ 3} f (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 22}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0} g (x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0};
540 2 3w
9. a) A(w) 5 a bw h(x): domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
2 14. a) Yes; translations must be done last.
b) domain 5 {w [ R | 0 , w , 180}, b) Yes: vertical stretch with factor 2, translation 4 units down, and
range 5 {A [ R | 0 , A # 12 150} translation 3 units right
c) l 5 270 m, w 5 90 m 15. (25, 10)
10. a) Graph y 5 2x 2 5, and reflect it in the line y 5 x to get graph of 16. a) Reflection in x-axis, vertical stretch factor 2, horizontal stretch
inverse. Use graph to determine the slope-intercept form of inverse; factor 3, then translation left 4 and down 1
slope is 0.5 and y-intercept is 2.5, so f 21 (x) 5 0.5x 1 2.5. b) y
b) Switch x and y, then solve for y: 6
f(x) = x2
x13
y5 4
7
2

Answers
y13
x5 x
7
7x 5 y 1 3
6
4
2 0 2

2
7x 2 3 5 y
f 21 (x) 5 7x 2 3
4
c) Reverse operations: for f, divide by 2 and subtract from 4, so for
f 21, subtract from 4 (operation is self-inverse) and multiply by 2. y =
2f[ 1 x + 4)]
1
3
Therefore, f 21 (x) 5 2(4 2 x).
11. a) f (x) 5 30x 1 15 000 17. a) y 5 2"2(x 2 3) 2 2
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 15 000}; y
4
number of people cannot be negative, and income cannot be less y= x
than corporate sponsorship 2
x 2 15 000 x
c) f 21 (x) 5 ; domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 15 000} 0
30 2 4 6 8
12. a) y 5 "4x
2
1
4
b) y 5
1
6
2 x y =
2(x
3)
2
5
domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 3}, range 5 {y [ R | y # 22}

NEL Answers 631

 23 6. a) f(x) = 0.04(x
2500) + 1500
b) y 5 11
x14 y
3000
y
4 1
y= x 2000
y = x
3
+4 +1
2
x 1000

6
4
2 0 2

2 x
0 10,000 20,000 30,000

4
b) f (x) 5 0.04(x 2 2500) 1 1500 for x $ 2500
domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 24}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 1} c) f
1(x) = 25(x
1500) + 2500
18. a) 4, 23 b) 4, 23 c) 28, 6 d) 25, 2 y
3000
19. a) domain 5 {x [ R | x . 24}, range 5 { y [ R | y , 22}
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x , 4}, range 5 { y [ R | y , 21}
c) domain 5 {x [ R | x . 25}, range 5 { y [ R | y , 1} 2000
d) domain 5 {x [ R | x , 21}, range 5 { y [ R | y , 3}
1000
Chapter Self-Test, p. 78 x
1. a) domain 5 {25, 22, 0, 3}, range 5 {21, 1, 7}; function, 0 1000 2000 3000
because each x-value has only one y-value assigned
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 22}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}; d) f 21 (x) 5 25(x 2 1500) 1 2500 for x $ 1500
function, same reason as part (a) e) f 21 (1740) 5 25(1740 2 1500) 1 2500 5 $51 000
2. a) f (x) 5 0.004x 1 0.65, g (x) 5 0.001x 1 3.50 1
b) f : domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0.65}; 7. a) b) 23
5
g: domain 5 {x [ R | x $ 0}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 3.50}
1
c) 950 h 8. a) a 5 , k 5 21, c 5 0, d 5 2
d) Regular bulb costs $3.72 more than fluorescent. 2
3. a) domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 2}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 0} 1
y = f[
(x
2)]
2
b) domain 5 {x [ R | x # 3}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 24} y
c) domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 {y [ R | y # 3} 4
4. The inverse of a linear function is either the linear function 3
obtained by reversing the operations of the original function, or f(x) = x
if the original function is f (x) 5 c constant, the relation x 5 c. 2
Domain and range are exchanged for the inverse. 1
5. a) {(3, 22), (5, 0), (6, 2), (8, 4)} x
y
4
2 0 2 4
8
1
6
domain 5 {x [ R | x # 2}, range 5 { y [ R | y $ 0}
4 b) a 5 24, k 5 1, c 5 23, d 5 22
2 y =
4f(x + 2)
3
x y

2 0 2 4 6 8 4

2
2 f(x) = 1
x
x
Function: domain 5 {22, 0, 2, 4}, range 5 {3, 5, 6, 8};
inverse: domain 5 {3, 5, 6, 8}, range 5 {22, 0, 2, 4}
4
2 0 2 4
32x
2
b) f 21 (x) 5
4
4
y
8
f(x) = 3
4x
6 domain 5 {x [ R | x 2 22}, range 5 { y [ R | y 2 23}

4
2
f
1(x) = 3
x x
4

2 0 2 4 6 8

2

Function: domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R};

inverse: domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R}

632 Answers NEL

 3 Lesson 2.1, pp. 88–90
c) a 5 2 , k 5 4, c 5 22, d 5 3
2
y 1. a) 4x 2 2 8x 1 8 b) 2x 2 2 4 c) 2x 2 2 x
2. f (x) 5 7x 2 2
f(x) = |x| 2
x g(x) 5 7x 2 2
3. Answers may vary. For example, f (1) 5 210; g(1) 5 220

4
2 0 2 4

2 4. a) 9a 2 5c 1 5 d) 3x 2 2 9x 2 3
b) 2x 2 1 3x 1 4y 1 z e) 2x 2 2 5xy 1 2y 2

4 c) 3x 2 3y 1 1 f ) 5x 2 2 y 2 2 1

6 5. a) m 2 4n 1 p 1 7 d) 22m 2 2 5mn 1 15n 2
b) 28m 2 4q 1 1 e) 2x 2 1 4y 2 1 15
c) 2a 3 1 4a 2 2 2a f ) 3x 2 1 50
y =
23 f[4(x
3)]
2 6. a) 11x 2 7y d) 2x 1 xy 2 4y 1 yz
domain 5 {x [ R}, range 5 { y [ R | y # 22} 3 4
b) 4x 2 2 16x 2 3 e) x1 y
10 3
1 1
c) 4x 2 f) x 1 y 1 1
Chapter 2 12 4
7. i) (3x 2 2 x) 2 (5x 2 2 x)
Getting Started, p. 82 5 22x 2
? 22x 2 2 2x
1. Type Degree ii) Answers will vary. For example, if x 5 1,
a) binomial 1 (3x 2 2 x) 2 (5x 2 2 x)
b) monomial 0 5 (3 2 1) 2 (5 2 1)
c) binomial 2 5 22
d) monomial 2 but 22x 2 2 2x
e) trinomial 2 5 22 2 2
2. a) 9x 2 2 c) 8x 2 2 2x 2 15 524
b) 2x 2 4x 2 9
2
d) 4x 2 24x 1 1 8. a) f (x) 5 2x2 1 4x 2 9 and g(x) 5 2x 2 1 4x 2 5∴ f (x) ? g(x)
3. Factoring is the opposite of expanding. To expand a polynomial, you b) s1(1) 5 27 and s1(1) 5 9 ∴ s1(t ) ? s2 (t )
multiply using the distributive property. To factor, you try to c) e.g., if x 5 21, then y1 5 2 and y2 5 0
determine the polynomials that multiply together to give you the ∴ y1 ? y2
given polynomial. e.g., (x 1 2)(3x 2 1) 5 3x 2 1 5x 2 2 d) f (n) 5 2n 2 1 2n 2 9 and g(n) 5 2n 2 1 2n 2 9
⎯ ⎯ →
expanding ∴ f (n) 5 g(n)
← ⎯ ⎯
factoring
e) p 5 1, q 5 1, y1 5 9; y2 5 5 ∴ y1 ? y2
f ) f (2) 5 6
4. a) 2xy 3(3 2 4x) d) (3 2 5x)(3 1 5x) g (2) 5 14
b) (a 2 2)(a 2 5) e) not possible ∴ f (m) ? g(m)
c) (4n 1 5)(3n 2 2) f) (y 2 9)(y 1 4) 9. Answers will vary. For example, f (x) 5 2x and g(x) 5 x 2
11 1 8 10. a) 25 2 x 2 y b) 5x 1 y 1 25 c) 95
5. a) b) 2 c) d) 210 11. 3x 1 3y 1 2
12 2 15
12. a) P(x) 5 250x 2 1 2350x 2 9500

Answers
5 b) $11 500
5x 15
6. a) b) 2 c) 8x 3y5 d) 5x 3y2 13. a) cannot be determined d) cannot be determined
6 2x
7. a) 5xPR6 x 5 0, 5xPR6|x 2 06
b) cannot be determined e) equivalent
d)
c) not equivalent
b) 5xPR6 e) x 5 4, 5xPR6|x 2 46 14. a) yes b) Replace variables with numbers and simplify.
c) x , 0, 5xPR6|x $ 06 f ) x , 210, 5xPR6|x $ 2106 15. a) x 1 (x 1 7) 1 (x 1 14) 1 (x 1 15) 1 (x 1 16) 5 5(x 1 14) 2 18
8. b) 26
c) 5x 2 18
Definition: Characteristics:
A polynomial is any algebraic expression • usually contains variables 16. a) 19 1 20 1 21 1 22 1 23
that contains one or more terms. • can contain both like and unlike terms b) n 5 (m 2 2) 1 (m 2 1) 1 m 1 (m 1 1) 1 (m 1 2)
• exponents must be whole numbers
c) 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16
Polynomial 17. a) both functions are linear; a pair of linear functions intersect at only
Examples: Non-examples: one point, unless they are equivalent; since the functions are equal
3x2 5
x
————
31x at two values, they must be equivalent
4x
3
5x3
2xy 1 6y 5x
2  4x 1 3 b) both functions are quadratric; a pair of quadratic functions
x intersect at most in two points, unless they are equivalent; since
the functions are equal at three values, they must be equivalent

NEL Answers 633