A.K.

T MEMORIAL VIDYA SAAKET SCHOOL, KALLAKURICHI

TERM - 1 EXAMINATION (2022-23)
Mathematics (Code-041)
SOLUTIONS
1. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
Here, 𝑅 = {(1, 2), (1, 3)}.
we observe that (1,2) ∈ 𝑅 and there is no order pair in R which has 2 as the first element. Same is
the case for (1,3). So, R is transitive.
2. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
Given, 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑎 − 𝑏)} and 𝐴 = {0,1,2,3,4,5}
Clearly, [0] = {𝑏 ∈ 𝐴: (0, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅}
= {𝑏 ∈ 𝐴: 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (0 − 𝑏)}
= {𝑏 ∈ 𝐴: 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (−𝑏)}
= {0,2,4}
Hence, equivalence class of [0] = {0,2,4}
3. Sol: Option (A) is correct.
2𝑥: 𝑥 > 3
Given that, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 : 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
3𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ≤ 1
Then, 𝑓(−1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(4) = 3(−1) + (2)2 + 2 × 4 = −3 + 4 + 8 = 9
4. Sol: Option (B) is correct.
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
We have, cosec −1(−√2) = cosec −1 (− cosec 4 ) = cosec −1 (cosec (− 4 )) = − 4
𝜋
5. Sol: Option (B) is correct. [0, 𝜋] − { 2 }
6. Sol: Option (A) is correct.
we know that, the principal value branch of cos −1 𝑥 is [0, 𝜋].
13𝜋 13𝜋 13𝜋 𝜋
Since, ∉ [0, 𝜋]. So, write as = 2𝜋 +
6 6 6 6
13𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Now, cos −1 (cos ) = cos −1 (cos (2𝜋 + 6 )) = cos −1 (cos 6 ) =
6 6
7. Sol: Option (D) is correct.
On equating the corresponding elements, we get 𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1
⇒𝑦 =𝑥−1⇒𝑦 = 3−1⇒𝑦 = 2
8. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
0 𝑎 𝑏 0 −𝑎 −𝑏 0 0 0
′
Now, 𝐴 + 𝐴 = (−𝑎 0 𝑐 ) + (𝑎 0 −𝑐 ) = (0 0 0) = 𝑂
−𝑏 −𝑐 0 𝑏 𝑐 0 0 0 0
9. Sol: Option (D) is correct.
0 1 −2
Let 𝐴 = [−1 0 3 ]. Since A is skew-symmetric matrix, which means A = –AT.
𝑥 −3 0
 0 1 −2 0 1 −2 𝑇 0 1 −2 0 1 −𝑥
[−1 0 3 ] = − [−1 0 3 ] ⇒ [−1 0 3 ] = [−1 0 3]
𝑥 −3 0 𝑥 −3 0 𝑥 −3 0 2 −3 0
By equality of matrices, −𝑥 = −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2
10. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
2 3 2
We have, |𝑥 𝑥 𝑥| + 3 = 0 ⇒ 2(𝑥 − 9𝑥) − 3(𝑥 − 4𝑥) + 2(9𝑥 − 4𝑥) + 3 = 0
4 9 1
⇒ 2(−8𝑥) − 3(−3𝑥) + 2(5𝑥) + 3 = 0 ⇒ −16𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 ⇒ 3𝑥 + 3 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1
11. Sol: Option (A) is correct.
5 3
The minor of element 𝑎23 = | | = 10 − 3 = 7
2 1
12. Sol: Option (C) is correct.

we know that, |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 , where 𝑛 is order of matrix A.

So, |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = (−4)3−1 = (−4)2 = 16
13. Sol: Option (B) is correct.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Here 𝑓(0) = 𝑘, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( 𝑥
+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 = 1 + 1 = 2.
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0

As 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0. 𝑆𝑜, 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) ∴ 𝑘 = 2.

𝑥→0
14. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
We have, 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 = 1
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑦 sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0 ⇒ sin 2𝑥 − sin 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 sin 2𝑥
⇒ sin 2𝑦 = sin 2𝑥 ⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑦
15. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
We have, 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡
Differentiate on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑡’, we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 2𝑎𝑡 and ⇒ = 2𝑎.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 2𝑎 1
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥⁄ = 2𝑎𝑡 =
𝑑𝑡 𝑡

16. Sol: Option (A) is correct.

We’ve 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑒 5𝑥 + 𝐵𝑒 −5𝑥 …(i)
On differentiating w.r.t. 𝑥 both sides, we get
𝑑𝑦 5𝑥 −5𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
⇒ = 5𝐴𝑒 − 5𝐵𝑒 ⇒ 2 = 25𝐴𝑒 2𝑥 + 25𝐵𝑒 −5𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 5𝑥 −5𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 2 = 25 (𝐴𝑒 + 𝐵𝑒 ) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 2 = 25 𝑦 [By (i)
17. Sol: Option (B) is correct.
log 𝑥
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑒10 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = (log10 𝑒)(log 𝑒 𝑥)
𝑒
 Differentiating on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 1
∴ = [(log10 𝑒)(log 𝑒 𝑥)] = (log10 𝑒) [log 𝑒 𝑥] = (log10 𝑒) ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
18. Sol: Option (B) is correct.
19. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Now, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−1) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (− tan 4 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan (− 4 )) = − 4

Therefore, A is true but R is false.

20. Sol: Option (C) is correct.
We know that if the matrix A is singular if |𝐴| = 0.
2 1 0
I.e., |0 1 2| = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 8 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −5
1 −2 𝑥
Therefore, A is true and R is false.
21. Sol: We observe the following properties of 𝑓.
Injectivity: let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝑁 such that 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ). Then,
𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 ) ⇒ 2𝑥1 = 2𝑥2 ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
So, 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 is one-one.
Subjectivity: Clearly, 𝑓 takes even values.
Therefore, no odd natural number in N (co-domain) has its pre-image in domain. So, 𝑓 is not onto.
𝜋
cos 𝑥 sin( −𝑥)
22. Sol: Let 𝑦 = tan −1
(1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑦 = tan −1
( 2
𝜋 )
1+cos( −𝑥)
2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
−𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
2 sin( 2 ) cos( 2 ) sin( 2 )
2 2 2
⇒ 𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝜋
−𝑥
) ⇒ 𝑦 = tan−1 ( 𝜋
−𝑥
)
2 cos2 ( 2 ) cos( 2 )
2 2

𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = tan−1 (tan ( 4 − 2)) ⇒ 𝑦 = 4 − 2

(OR)
1 1
Sol: Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (− 2) + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2)
2π 𝜋
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 ) + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 6 )
2π 𝜋
= +2×6 = 𝜋 [∵ Range of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 : [0, 𝜋] & of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 : [−π/2, π/2]
3

23. Sol: Given, The order of matrix 𝐴 = 𝑚 × 𝑛.

Let the order of the matrix 𝐵 = 𝐾 × 𝑃. Then, order of the matrix 𝐵 𝑇 = 𝑃 × 𝐾.

If 𝐴𝐵 𝑇 is defined then the order of 𝐴𝐵 𝑇 is 𝑚 × 𝐾, if 𝑛 = 𝑃.
If 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴 is defined then order of 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴 is 𝑃 × 𝑛, when 𝐾 = 𝑚.
Now, order of 𝐵 𝑇 = 𝑃 × 𝐾
Therefore, Order of 𝐵 = 𝐾 × 𝑃 = 𝑚 × 𝑛 [∵ 𝐾 = 𝑚, 𝑃 = 𝑛]
24. Sol: We have, 𝐴−1 = 𝑘𝐴
 1 1 −2 −3 1 2 3 1
⇒ |𝐴| {𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴} = 𝑘𝐴 ⇒ −19 [ ] = 𝑘𝐴 ⇒ 19 [ ] = 𝑘𝐴 ⇒ 19 𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴
−5 2 5 −2
1
∴𝑘= (𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠.
19
25. Sol: Given 𝑦 = √sin 𝑥 + 𝑦

Squaring on both sides, we get: 𝑦 2 = sin 𝑥 + 𝑦

Differentiating on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 ⇒ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ (2𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ∵ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦−1

(OR)
Sol: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 then 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 sec 𝑥
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = tan 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
26. Sol: We have 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴, |𝑎 − 𝑏| is divisible by 4} and
𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} i.e., 𝐴 = {0,1,2, . . . ,12}.
Reflexivity: For any 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴, we have |𝑎 − 𝑎| = 0, which is divisible by 4.
That is, (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 so, R is reflexive.
Symmetry: Let (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 ∀ a, b ∈ 𝐴.
We have |𝑎 − 𝑏| is divisible by 4.
⇒ |𝑏 − 𝑎| is also divisible by 4.
⇒ (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅
So, R is symmetric.
Transitivity: Let 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝐴 such that (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 then,
⇒ |𝑎 − 𝑏| is divisible by 4 and |𝑏 − 𝑐| is divisible by 4.
⇒ |𝑎 − 𝑏| = 4𝑚 and |𝑏 − 𝑐| = 4𝑝 where 𝑚, 𝑝 ∈ 𝑍.
⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = ±4𝑚 and 𝑏 − 𝑐 = ±4𝑝 where 𝑚, 𝑝 ∈ 𝑍.
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝑏) + (𝑏 − 𝑐) = ±4(𝑚 + 𝑝)
⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = ±4(𝑚 + 𝑝)
⇒ |𝑎 − 𝑐| = 4(𝑚 + 𝑝)
That is |𝑎 − 𝑐| is also divisible by 4. So, R is transitive.
Since the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive so, it is an equivalence relation.
2 0 1 2 0 1 5 −1 2
27. Sol: As 𝐴2 = (2 1 3) (2 1 3) = (9 −2 5 )
1 −1 0 1 −1 0 0 −1 −2
5 −1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 11 −1 −3
∴ 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 16𝐼 = (9 −2 5 ) − 5 (2 1 3) + 16 (0 1 0) = (−1 9 −10).
0 −1 −2 1 −1 0 0 0 1 −5 4 14
(OR)
 8 0 8 0 16 0
Sol: We have, 𝐴 = [4 −2], then 2𝐴 = 2 [4 −2] = [ 8 −4]
3 6 3 6 6 12
2 −2 2 −2 10 −10
We have, 𝐵 = [ 4 2 ], then 5𝐵 = 5 [ 4 2 ] = [ 20 10 ]
−5 1 −5 1 −25 5
We have, 2𝐴 + 3𝑋 = 5𝐵 ⇒ 2𝐴 + 3𝑋 − 2𝐴 = 5𝐵 − 2𝐴
1
⇒ 𝑂 + 3𝑋 = 5𝐵 − 2𝐴 ⇒ 3𝑋 = 5𝐵 − 2𝐴 ⇒ 𝑋 = (5𝐵 − 2𝐴)
3
1 10 −10 16 0 1 10 − 16 −10 − 0
⇒ 𝑋 = {[ 20 10 ] − [ 8 −4]} ⇒ 𝑋 = {[ 20 − 8 10 + 4 ]}
3 3
−25 5 6 12 −25 + 6 5 − 12
10
−2 −
−6 −10 3
1 14
∴ 𝑋 = 3 {[ 12 14 ]} or 𝑋 = 4 3
−31 −7 31 7
[−3
−3]
−1 −2 −2 −1 −2 −2
28. Sol: Given 𝐴 = ( 2 1 −2) ⇒ |𝐴| = | 2 1 −2| = 27
2 −2 1 2 −2 1
Consider Aij be the cofactors of the corresponding element aij of matrix A.
𝐴11 = −3, 𝐴12 = −6, 𝐴13 = −6; 𝐴21 = 6, 𝐴22 = 3, 𝐴23 = −6; 𝐴31 = 6, 𝐴32 = −6, 𝐴33 = 3.
−3 6 6
⇒ 𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴 = (−6 3 −6)
−6 −6 3
−1 −2 −2 −3 6 6
LHS: 𝐴. (𝑎𝑑𝑗. 𝐴) = ( 2 1 −2) (−6 3 −6)
2 −2 1 −6 −6 3
27 0 0 1 0 0
= ( 0 27 0 ) = 27 (0 1 0) = |𝐴|𝐼3 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
0 0 27 0 0 1
(OR)
2 3
Sol: Clearly, |𝐴| = 10 − 9 = 1 and 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ].
3 5
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 2 3
Now, 𝐴−1 = =[ ]
|𝐴| 3 5
3 2 2 3 6 + 6 9 + 10 12 19
We know that, (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1 = [ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
0 −1 3 5 0−3 0−5 −3 −5
29. Sol: We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = √tan √𝑥.
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get
1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥
Now, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥. 2 =
2√tan √𝑥 √ 𝑥 4√𝑥√tan √𝑥
𝜋 2
𝜋2 𝜋 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (√2) 2
Now, 𝑓 ′ (16) ′
= 𝑓 (( 4 ) ) = 4
= =𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
4 √tan
4 4

(OR)
3𝑥−𝑥 3
Sol: Given that 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−3𝑥 2 )
 Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 ⇒ 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
3𝑥−𝑥 3 3 tan 𝜃−(tan 𝜃)3
Therefore, 𝑦 = tan−1 ( 2
) ⇒ 𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
1−3𝑥 1−3(tan 𝜃)2

−1
3 tan 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃
⇒ 𝑦 = tan ( ) ⇒ 𝑦 = tan−1(tan 3𝜃) ⇒ 𝑦 = 3𝜃 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3 tan−1 𝑥
1 − 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 3
Differentiating on both sides w.r.t ‘𝑥’, we get: 𝑑𝑥 = 3 1+𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2

30. Sol: We have, 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑡 3

Differentiate on both sides w.r.t ‘t’, we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑡 and = 3𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦⁄
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 3𝑡 2 3𝑡
Now, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥⁄ = =
𝑑𝑡 2𝑡 2

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 3𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 3 1 3
Now, 𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝑥 ( 2 ) = 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 2𝑡 = 4𝑡

31. Sol: We first draw the graphs of 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7, 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 6 = 0, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0.

Now, plotting all the constrain equations we see that the shaded area OABC is the feasible region
determined by the constraints.
The feasible region is bounded with four corners 𝑂(0, 0), 𝐴(7, 0), 𝐵(3, 4) and 𝐶(0, 2).
So, the maximum value can occur at any corner.

Corner point Corresponding Value Of 𝒁

𝑂(0,0) 13(0) − 15(0) = 0
𝐴(7,0) 13(7) − 15(0) = 91
𝐵(3,4) 13(3) − 15(4) = −21
𝐶(0,2) 13(0) − 15(2) = −30 ← Minimum

From the above table it’s seen that the minimum value of Z is −30. Therefore, the minimum value of
the function Z is −30 at (0, 2).
32. Sol: Given that, 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3}, 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}
𝑥−2
𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.

For injectivity:
Let 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 )
(𝑥1 − 2) (𝑥2 − 2)
⇒ =
(𝑥1 − 3) (𝑥2 − 3)
⇒ (𝑥1 − 2)(𝑥2 − 3) = (𝑥2 − 2)(𝑥1 − 3)
⇒ 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 3𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 + 6 = 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 3𝑥2 − 2𝑥1 + 6
⇒ −3𝑥1 − 2𝑥2 = − 3𝑥2 − 2𝑥1
⇒ −𝑥1 = −𝑥2
⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
 So, 𝑓(𝑥) is an infective function.
For subjectivity: Let 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (co-domain). Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
(𝑥− 2)
Let 𝑦= (𝑥−3)

𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦
𝑥(1 − 𝑦) = 2 − 3𝑦
2−3𝑦
𝑥 = ∈ 𝐴, ∀ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 [Co-domain]
1−𝑦
2−3𝑦 2−3𝑦−2+2𝑦
−2 −𝑦
1−𝑦 1−𝑦
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2−3𝑦 = 2−3𝑦−3+3𝑦 = =𝑦∈𝐵 [Co-domain]
−3 −1
1−𝑦 1−𝑦

2−3𝑦
Thus, for every 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 (co-domain) there exists 𝑥 = ∈ 𝐴 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦.
1−𝑦

This means that each element in co-domain has its pre-image in domain.
So, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is an onto function.
So, 𝑓(𝑥) is surjective function. Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is a bijective function.
2 3 1 2 1 4
33. Sol: We have, 𝐴 = [1 −1 2].Then, 𝐴𝑇 = [3 −1 1]
4 1 2 1 2 2
2 3 1 2 1 4
𝐴+𝐴𝑇 1
Now = 2 [1 −1 2] + [3 −1 1]
2
4 1 2 1 2 2
5
2 2
2
1 2+2 3+1 1+4 1 4 4 5 3
= [1 + 3 −1 − 1 2 + 1] = [4 −2 3] = 2 −1
2 2 2
4+1 1+2 2+2 5 3 4
5 3
[2 2 2]
2 3 1 2 1 4 2−2 3−1 1−4
𝐴−𝐴𝑇 1 1
and = 2 [1 −1 2] − [3 −1 1] = 2 [1 − 3 −1 + 1 2 − 1]
2
4 1 2 1 2 2 4−1 1−2 2−2
3 3
0 1 − 0 −1
2 2
1 0 2 −3 1 1
= [−2 0 1 ] = −1 0 =− 1 0 −
2 2 2
3 −1 0
3 1 3 1
[2 2 0 ] [− 2 − 2 0 ]
5 3
2 2 0 1 −2
2
𝐴+𝐴𝑇 𝐴−𝐴𝑇 3 1
+ = 2 −1 2
+ −1 0 2
2 2
5 3 3 1
[2 2] [ 0]
2 2 2
5 3
2+0 2+1 −2
2 2 3 1
1 3
= 2 − 1 −1 − 0 2
− 2
= [ 1 −1 2] = 𝐴, Which the required expression.
5 3 3 1 4 1 2
[2 + 2 2
+2 2 + 0]
34. Sol: The given system of equations is: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.
 3 2 −2 3 𝑥
By using matrix method: let 𝐴 = [1 2 3 ] , 𝐵 = [6] and, 𝑋 = [𝑦].
2 −1 1 2 𝑧
Since AX = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 ...(i)
3 2 −2
Now, |𝐴| = |1 2 3 | = 3(2 + 3) − 2(1 − 6) − 2(−1 − 4) = 15 + 10 + 10 = 35
2 −1 1
∴ |𝐴| = 35 ≠ 0 ⇒ A is non-singular and hence, it is invertible i.e., 𝐴−1 exists.
Consider 𝐶𝑖𝑗 be the cofactors of element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 in matrix A, we have
𝐶11 = 5, 𝐶12 = 5, 𝐶13 = −5
𝐶21 = 0, 𝐶22 = 7, 𝐶23 = 7
𝐶31 = 10, 𝐶32 = −11, 𝐶33 = 4
5 5 −5 𝑇 5 0 10
So, 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [ 0 7 7 ] = [ 5 7 −11]
10 −11 4 −5 7 4
5 0 10
1 1
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = 35 [ 5 7 −11]
−5 7 4
Now by (i), we have 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
5 0 10 3 15 + 0 + 20 35 𝑥 1
1 1 1
So, 𝑋 = 35 [ 5 7 −11] [6] ⇒ 𝑋 = 35 [ 15 + 42 − 22 ] ⇒ 𝑋 = 35 [35] i.e., [𝑦] = [1]
−5 7 4 2 −15 + 42 + 8 35 𝑧 1
By equality of matrices, we get: 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1
Hence, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1 is the required solution.
(OR)
Sol: The given system of equations is: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 3; 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.
3 2 −2 3 𝑥
By using matrix method: let 𝐴 = [1 2 3 ] , 𝐵 = [6] and, 𝑋 = [𝑦].
2 −1 1 2 𝑧
Since AX = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵 ...(i)
3 2 −2
Now, |𝐴| = |1 2 3 | = 3(2 + 3) − 2(1 − 6) − 2(−1 − 4) = 15 + 10 + 10 = 35
2 −1 1
∴ |𝐴| = 35 ≠ 0 ⇒ A is non-singular and hence, it is invertible i.e., 𝐴−1 exists.
Consider 𝐶𝑖𝑗 be the cofactors of element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 in matrix A, we have
𝐶11 = 5, 𝐶12 = 5, 𝐶13 = −5
𝐶21 = 0, 𝐶22 = 7, 𝐶23 = 7
𝐶31 = 10, 𝐶32 = −11, 𝐶33 = 4
5 5 −5 𝑇 5 0 10
So, 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [ 0 7 7 ] = [ 5 7 −11]
10 −11 4 −5 7 4
5 0 10
1 1
∴ 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = 35 [ 5 7 −11]
−5 7 4
Now by (i), we have 𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
 5 0 10 3 15 + 0 + 20 35 𝑥 1
1 1 1
So, 𝑋 = 35 [ 5 7 ]
−11 6[ ] ⇒ 𝑋 = [ 15 + 42 − 22 ] ⇒ 𝑋 = [35] i.e., [𝑦] = [1]
35 35
−5 7 4 2 −15 + 42 + 8 35 𝑧 1

By equality of matrices, we get: 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1

Hence, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 1 is the required solution.
(OR)
2 2 −4 1 −1 0
Sol: Here 𝐴 = [−4 2 −4] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [2 3 4]
2 −1 5 0 1 2
2 2 −4 1 −1 0
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = [−4 2 −4] [2 3 4]
2 −1 5 0 1 2
2+4+0 2−2+0 −4 + 4+) 6 0 0
= [4 − 12 + 8 4 + 6 − 4 −8 − 12 + 20] = [0 6 0]
0−4+4 0+2−2 0 − 4 + 10 0 0 6
6 0 0
⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = [0 6 0]. That is, 𝐴𝐵 = 6𝐼…(i)
0 0 6
Consider the given systems of equations: 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 17
1 −1 0 𝑥 7
These equations can be expressed as: 𝑃𝑋 = 𝐷 where 𝑃 = [2 3 4] , 𝑋 = [𝑦] , 𝐷 = [3 ]
0 1 2 𝑧 17
1
1
𝐵𝑦(𝑖), 𝐴𝐵 = 6𝐼 ⇒ 𝐴−1 = 6 𝐵
−1 −1 −1
Therefore, 𝑋 = 𝑃 𝐷 = (𝐴) 𝐷 = (𝐴 )𝐷 = 6 𝐵𝐷 [ 1
∵ 𝑃 = 𝐴 ∴ 𝑃−1 = 𝐴−1 = 6 𝐵

2 2 −4 7 𝑥 6 + 34 − 28 𝑥 12 𝑥 2
1 1 1
So, 𝑋 = 6 [−4 2 −4] [3 ] ⇒ [𝑦] = 6 [−12 + 34 − 28] ⇒ [𝑦] = 6 [−6] ⇒ [𝑦] = [−1]
2 −1 5 17 𝑧 6 − 17 + 35 𝑧 24 𝑧 4
by equality of matrices, we get: 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1, 𝑧 = 4.
𝑑𝑥
35. Sol: We have 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 ⇒ = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 [On diff. w.r.t. t both sides
𝑑𝑡

𝑡
And, 𝑦 = 𝑎 {𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2)}

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑
⇒ = 𝑎 [− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( t/2). (t/2)]
𝑑𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛( t/2) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(t/2) 1 1
⇒ = 𝑎 [− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛(t/2) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (t/2) . 2]
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ = 𝑎 [− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 + ] = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1 𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = . = (𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡) (𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

Differentiating w.r.t. x both sides, we get:

𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑2 𝑦 1
( ) = 𝑑𝑥 [𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑡] = −cosec2 𝑡. 𝑑𝑥 (𝑡) ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 2 = (−cosec2 𝑡) (𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 cosec2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡
∴ 𝑑𝑥 2 = − 𝑎
 (OR)
Sol: 𝑦 = (𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒(𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)
On differentiating w. r. t. 𝑥 both sides, we get
𝑑𝑦 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
∴ = 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 × + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)) + 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 × + 𝑙𝑜𝑔( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) × (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥))
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
That is, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔( 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)).
𝑥
36. Sol: (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
2
If 𝑥 = √−1 then 𝑓(−1) = (√−1) = −1
Answer is −𝟏
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥]
If 𝑥 = 3.5 then 𝑓(3.5) = [3.5] = 3
Answer is 𝟑
(iii) Not a function (OR) Range = [0, ∞)
37. Sol: Let the number of articles sold be denoted by matrix X. Then,
𝐷𝑃𝑆 𝐶𝑉𝐶 𝐾𝑉𝑆
40 25 35
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝐴
𝑋 = [50 40 50]
𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝐵
20 30 40
Let the sale price of articles sold be denoted by matrix Y. then,
𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝐹𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑌 = [25 100 50]𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
(i) Now, Total Revenue = Sales price × Total sales
= 𝑌𝑋
40 25 35
= [25 100 50]1×3 [50 40 50]
20 30 40 3×3
= [25(40) + 100(50) + 50(20) 25(25) + 100(40) + 50(30) 25(35) + 100(50) + 50(40)]
= [1000 + 5000 + 1000 625 + 4000 + 1500 875 + 5000 + 2000]
𝐷𝑃𝑆 𝐶𝑉𝐶 𝐾𝑉𝑆
= [7000 6125 5875]
Therefore, Total amount collected by DPS is ₹ 7,000.
(ii) Therefore, Total amount collected by CVC and KVS is ₹ 6125 + ₹ 5875 = ₹ 12,000
(iii) If the number of hands made fans and plates are interchanged for all the schools, then our table
will look like
 School/ School/
A B C Article A B C
Article
Handmade fans 40 25 35 Handmade fans 20 30 40
Mats 50 40 50 Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40 Plates 40 25 35

20 30 40 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠
Let the new matrix be A. then, 𝐴 = [50 40 50] 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑠
40 25 35 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
And our sale price of articles is denoted by matrix Y. Then, 𝑌 = [25 100 50]
Now, Total Revenue = Sales price × Total sales
20 30 40
= 𝑌𝐴 = [25 100 50]1×3 [50 40 50]
40 25 35 3×3
= [25(20) + 100(50) + 50(40) 25(30) + 100(40) + 50(25) 25(40) + 100(50) + 50(35)]
= [500 + 5000 + 2000 750 + 4000 + 1250 1000 + 5000 + 1750]
𝐷𝑃𝑆 𝐶𝑉𝐶 𝐾𝑉𝑆
= [7500 6000 7750]
Therefore, Total amount collected by DPS, CVC and KVS is
₹ 7,500 + ₹ 6000 + ₹ 7750 = ₹ 21,250
(OR)
We have, School/
Article A B C
Handmade fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40

Total articles sold = (40 + 25 + 35) + (50 + 40 + 50) + (20 + 30 + 40)

= 100 + 140 + 90 = 330
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎+1)𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎+1)𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
38. Sol: L. H. L (at 𝑥 = 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚− = 𝑙𝑖𝑚− ( ) × (𝑎 + 1) + ( )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 (𝑎+1)𝑥 𝑥

= 1 × (𝑎 + 1) + 1 [As 𝑥 → 0 ∴ (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 → 0
=𝑎+2
√𝑥+𝑏𝑥 2 −√𝑥 √1+𝑏𝑥−1 √1+𝑏𝑥+1
R. H. L (at 𝑥 = 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ 3 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ ( ) ×
𝑥→0 𝑏𝑥 ⁄2 𝑥→0 𝑏𝑥 √1+𝑏𝑥+1
1+𝑏𝑥−1 1 1 1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ ( )× = 𝑙𝑖𝑚+ 1 × =
𝑥→0 𝑏𝑥 √1+𝑏𝑥+1 𝑥→0 √1+𝑏𝑥+1 2

Also, 𝑓(0) = 𝑐
1 3 1
As 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous at 𝑥 = 0. So, 𝑎 + 2 = 𝑐 = 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = − 2 , 𝑏 = 2.

Also, value of 𝑏 does not affect the continuity of 𝑓(𝑥), so 𝑏 can be any real number.