MINOR PROJECT REPORT

On

“THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENTS LEARNING &

PERFORMANCE”

In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the examination of Masters of Business

Administration (2nd sem)

SUBMITTED BY -

Name - Tarun

Course - MBA

Roll no. - 03015103923

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF -

-DR. DEEPSHIKHA KALRA

Associate Professor
Department of Management
Management Education & Research Institute (MERI)
Affiliated with
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU)
 GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY
(GGSIPU)

MANAGEMENT EDUCATION & RESEARCH

INSTITUTE (MERI)

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work title “The Impact of Technology on Students learning
and performance” is a piece of research work done by Tarun and submitted during
2023-2024 academic year, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
examination of MS 114: MINOR PROJECT in Masters of Business Administration (Sem-
2nd ) at Management Education and Research Institute (MERI)
Under the guidance of Dr. Deepshikha kalra during the year 2024.

Examiner’s signature:
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the research done on the topic, “The

impact of technology on students learning and performance”
is my original piece of research work done in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the examination of MS 114: MINOR
PROJECT in Masters of Business Administration (Sem- 2nd ) at
Management Education and Research Institute (MERI) under
the guidance of Dr.Deepshikha kalra.
I have specified the references from where the information has
been taken. I further declare that the work reported in this
project has not been submitted and will not be submitted,
either in part or in full, for the reward of any other degree or
diploma in this institute or any other institute or university.

- TARUN
Masters of Business Administrations
(Sem- 2nd )
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S no. Particulars Pg no.

I Introduction
a Theoretical framework
b Background of study
c Statement of problem
d Objective of the study
e Delimitations
f Hypothesis
g Significance & Purpose of the study
h Scope of the study

II Literature Review

III Procedure & Methodology

a Types of research

INTRODUCTION
The impact of technology on students' learning and
performance is a popular research topic that investigates how
technology is transforming the teaching and learning process in
the subjects (science, technology, engineering, and ai). The use
of technology in education is rapidly growing, and its
effectiveness in improving students' engagement and
achievement in subjects is a matter of great interest to
researchers, educators, policy-makers, and other stakeholders.

Research studies in this area examine various forms of

technology, including digital tools, software applications, virtual
and augmented reality, and on-line learning platforms, and
how they can enhance student engagement, motivation, and
learning outcomes. The research also explores how
technology can support students' critical thinking, problem-
solving, creativity, and collaboration skills, which are essential
for success in fields.

Moreover, research on the impact of technology on students'

engagement and achievement in education investigates how
technology can improve access and equity in education,
especially for under-represent groups such as girls and
students from low-income backgrounds. The research aims to
provide insights into the best practices for integrating
technology in education and the implications for teaching,
learning, and assessment.
Theoretical framework

In the 21st century, it has become significant for every country

to raise individuals who are scientifically literate, who can keep
up with the changing information and technology, who will
respond to the needs of the education and business world, and
who have high-level of cognitive skills. Along with the rapid
development of information and communication technologies,
21st century skills have become different from 20th century
skills. Therefore, the change in expectations of individuals in
21st century has required to take necessary measures in
parallel with this change in educational goals. In the necessity
of increasing the quality standards of education, students are
required to have the skills to solve their daily problems and
contribute to the needs of society. 21st skills are expressed in
Figure 1 as being creative, innovative and thinking critically,
solving problems, having communication skills, working in a
team, information and communication technologies literacy,
local and universal citizenship awareness, life and career
awareness. Hence, it is possible to comment that the emerging
science and technology of our present century have shaped
both education sy and expectations for a future individual.
education is considered as a precious way to make the
education sy keep up with the developments and to meet the
expectations.
 Background of Study

The background of the study on the impact of

technology on students' engagement and achievement
in education is rooted in the increasing importance of
education in today's world. subjects are critical for
addressing global challenges and advancing innovation
and economic growth.

The integration of technology in education is seen as a

promising solution to improve student engagement and
achievement in these subjects. Technology offers
various benefits
including the ability to provide interactive and immerser
learning experiences, facilitate collaborative learning,
and personalize learning to meet individual student
needs. Furthermore, technology can provide access to
resources and experts that may not be available locally,
enabling students to connect with professionals and
peers worldwide.Given the potential benefits of
technology integration in education, there has been a
growing interest in researching its impact on student
engagement and achievement. Researchers have
conducted numerous studies investigating the
effectiveness of different forms of technology in
education, including digital simulations, virtual
laboratories, on-line learning platforms, and robotics,
among others. These studies have produced mixed
results, highlighting the need for further research to
identify the most effective ways to integrate technology
in education and improve student engagement and
achievement in these subjects.
 Statement of the problem

The statement of the problem for the study

on the impact of technology on students'
engagement and achievement in education is
that despite the potential benefits of
technology integration in education, there is
a lack of consensus on its effectiveness in
improving student engagement and
achievement in these subjects. While some
studies have reported positive effects of
technology on student outcomes, others have
found no significant impact or even negative
effects.

Therefore, the problem that this study aims to

address is to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the impact of technology on
students' engagement and achievement in
education and to identify the factors that may
influence its effectiveness. The study seeks to
provide insights into the most effective ways
to integrate technology in education and the
implications for teaching, learning, and
assessment in these subjects.
 Objectives of the study

The following were the objectives of the

study:

* To explore the role of technology in

fostering collaborative learning and
problem-solving skills in education.

* To investigate the potential

challenges and barriers in
implementing technology in
education and their impact on
student engagement and
achievement.
* To analyse the ethical
considerations associated with the
use of technology in education and
their effects on student engagement
and achievement.
 Delimitations

◆ The study may have a specific time frame or academic

year during which data is collected, limiting the
generalizability of the findings to other time periods.

◆ The study may focus on a specific region, school, or

educational institution, rather than examining a broader,
global perspective.

◆ The study may focus on a particular grade level or range

of grade levels within education, such as middle school or
high school students.

◆ The study may specifically investigate the impact of certain

types of technology, such as educational app , on-line
platforms, or robotics kits, while excluding others.

Hypothesis
Formulating a specific hypothesis for the impact of technology
on students' engagement and achievement in education would
depend on the research question, variables, and specific focus
of your study.There is a significant positive relationship
between technology use and student engagement in subjects.
 Significance & purpose of the study

✔ The study can provide insights into the most effective ways
to integrate technology in education, which can help
educators and policy-makers make informed decisions
about the use of technology in the classroom. This can lead
to improved teaching practices, increased student
engagement, and better learning outcomes in subjects.

✔ The study can help identify the factors that may influence
the effectiveness of technology integration in education,
such as student characteristics, the type of technology used,
and the context of use. This can help educators and policy-
makers tailor technology integration to meet the needs of
different students and contexts, leading to improved
outcomes for all learners.

✔ The study can contribute to the broader conversation on

equity and access in education. Technology integration can
help bridge the gap in access to resources and expertise,
especially for under-represent groups such as girls and
students from low-income backgrounds. Understanding the
effectiveness of technology integration in education can
help identify ways to increase access and equity in
education.
 Scope of the study

The scope of the study on the impact of technology on

students' engagement and achievement in education can be
broad and multidisciplinary. The study can involve students at
different levels of education, from elementary school to higher
education, and can encompass different subjects, including
mathematics, science, engineering, and technology.

The study can also include different types of technology, such

as digital simulations, virtual laboratories, on-line learning
platforms, and robotics, among others. It can investigate the
effectiveness of technology integration in different contexts,
such as traditional classrooms, blended learning environments,
and distance learning.

To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, appropriate

research methods can be employed, such as experimental
designs, quasi-experimental designs, case studies, surveys, and
interviews. The study can involve collecting and analysing both
quantitative and qualitative data, including student
performance data, survey responses, and interview transcripts.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Integration of technology in education and its

impact on learning of students by Olga
Anatolievna Bortnyuk.
This paper examines the factors that influence the integration
of technology in education and its impact on students’ learning
outcomes. It suggests that teachers and schools are most likely
to use technology to personalize learning if it supports already
existing, student-centred practices and helps to solve problems
or address challenges; it is part of a syic, organization-wide
initiative to implement student-centred learning; and teachers
have access to ample professional development and ongoing
support.

"The Impact of Educational Technology on

Student Engagement and Achievement in Science
Education" by Daniel T. Hickey
This paper focuses specifically on the impact of educational
technology in science education. It explores how technology
can enhance student engagement and achievement in science-
related topics.
 The Effectiveness of Educational Technology
Applications for Enhancing Mathematics
Achievement in K-12 Classrooms: A Meta-
Analysis by Cheung Cheung and Robert E. Slavin

This paper synthesizes 74 studies published between 1990 and 2012

on the effectiveness of educational technology applications for
enhancing mathematics achievement in K-12 classrooms. It
categorizes the applications into four types: computer-managed
learning (CML), comprehensive models (CM), supplemental CAI
(computer-assisted instruction), and supplemental non-CAI.
It finds that all four types of applications had positive effects
on mathematics achievement, with supplemental CAI having
the largest effect size of 0.28
"Technology in Education: Advantages and
Disadvantages" by Fatih Sultan Kav (2017)
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of
integrating technology into education. It discusses the
potential benefits of technology in enhancing student
engagement, problem-solving skills, and collaboration, as well
as the challenges and limitations associated with its use.

The Impact of Technology on Student Motivation

and Engagement: A Literature Review (2017) by
Nada Dabbagh and Anastasia Kitsantas.
This paper reviews 40 studies published between 2005 and
2015 on the impact of technology on student motivation and
engagement in higher education. The paper uses the
self-determination theory (SDT) as a theoretical framework to
examine how technology influences students’ intrinsic
motivation (the desire to learn for its own sake) and extrinsic
motivation (the desire to learn for external rewards or avoid
punishments). The paper finds that technology can enhance
both types of motivation by satisfying students’ basic
psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and
relatedness. The paper also provides some recommendations
for designing and implementing technology-enhanced learning.
"Enhancing Education Through Technology
Integration: A Syatic Review of Recent Trends and
Findings" by Hsueh-Hua Chuang and Nai-Ling Kuo
(2018):
This syatic review examines recent trends and findings in
technology integration in education. It investigates the impact
of technology on student engagement, interest, and
achievement in subjects.

"The Impact of Technology Integration in

Education" by Meltem Muşlu and Yasemin
Gülşah Kuzu (2018):

This research paper investigates the impact of technology

integration on student engagement and achievement in
education. It analyses the effects of using various technological
tools, such as simulations, virtual laboratories, and interactive
multimedia, on student learning outcomes.
 The Impact of Technology on Students’ Academic
Performance: A Case Study (2018) by Noura Alalwan,
Ahmed Alfraih, Maha Alqurashi, Ebtehal Alrashedi,
Noura Alkhalifah, Ohoud Almutairi, and HenAlqahtani.

This paper presents a case study that examined the impact of

technology on students’ academic performance in a Saudi
Arabian university. The paper used a mixed-methods
approach to collect data from students and instructors through
surveys, interviews, and observations. The paper found that
technology had a positive impact on students’ academic
performance in terms of improving their motivation,
engagement, collaboration, communication, creativity, and
critical thinking skills.

The Use of Technology in English Language

Learning: A Literature Review (2018) by Khe Foon
Hew and Chung Kwan Lo.
This paper reviews 63 studies published between 2000 and
2017 on the use of technology for English language learning. It
identifies four main types of technology: computer-assisted
language learning (CALL), mobile-assisted language learning
(MALL), computer-mediated communication (CMC), and
massive open online courses (MOOCs).
"The Impact of Educational Technology on Student
Achievement: What the Most Current Research Has to Say"
by Zhonggen Yu and Michael M. Grant (2018):

This research paper reviews the impact of educational technology

on student achievement across various subjects, including . It
provides insights into how technology integration influences
student engagement and academic outcomes.

"The Impact of Digital Technology on Student Learning

in Education" by Tom Lumley and Robert Stevenson
(2019):
This study explores the impact of digital technology, such as online l
learning platforms and educational app, on student learning
outcomes in education. It examines the influence of technology on
student engagement, motivation, and achievement.

The Impact of Technology on Student Achievement:

A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 1990–2017 (2019)
by Hui Liang, Yanyan Li, and Ronghuai Huang
.
This paper analyses 92 studies published between 1990 and
2017 on the impact of technology on student achievement in
various subjects. It finds that technology has a positive and
significant effect on student achievement, with a moderate
effect size of 0.35. It also examines the moderating effects of
different factors, such as technology type, subject area, grade
level, study design, and publication year.

"Impact of Technology in Education: A Meta-

Analysis" by Derek J. Cabrera, George W. Bright,
and Laura L. Hanks (2019):

This meta-analysis synthesizes research on the impact of

technology in education. It provides an overview of the effects
of technology on student engagement, attitudes, and
achievement across various disciplines.

"Impact of Augmented Reality Technology on

Student Engagement and Learning in Education"
by Yu-Fen Yang and Shih-Chieh Hsu (2020):

This study explores the impact of augmented reality (AR)

technology on student engagement and learning outcomes in
education. It investigates how AR applications can enhance
student motivation, understanding, and achievement in
subjects.
 The Impact of Technology on Student
Achievement in Education: A Meta-Analysis
(2020) by Yanyan Li, Hui Liang, and Ronghuai
Huang.

This paper analyses 51 studies published between 1990 and

2019 on the impact of technology on student achievement in
education. The paper finds that technology had a positive and
significant effect on student achievement in education, with an
overall effect size of 0.40. The paper also investigates the
moderating effects of different factors, such as technology
type, subject area, grade level, study design, and publication
year.

"The Effectiveness of Mobile Learning Technologies

on Student Achievement and Engagement in
Education" by Rami Ayoubi and Sohaib Imtiaz
(2020):

This research paper examines the effectiveness of mobile learning

technologies, such as smart phones and tablets, on student
achievement and engagement in education. It investigates the
impact of mobile learning applications and platforms on student
learning outcomes.

The Impact of Technology Integration on Student

Engagement: Evidence from a Randomized
Experiment (2020) by Binbin Zheng,
MarkWarschauer, George Farkas, and Greg Duncan.

This paper reports the results of a randomized experiment that

investigated the impact of technology integration on student
engagement in a middle school science class. The experiment
involved two groups of students: one group used laptops with
online curriculum materials and interactive simulations, while
the other group used traditional textbooks and worksheets.
The paper finds that technology integration increased student
engagement in terms of behavioural indicators (such as
attendance, homework completion, and class participation) and
affective indicators (such as interest, enjoyment, and self-
efficacy), but not cognitive indicators (such as meta cognition
and self-regulation).
IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY ON THE STUDENT
PERFORMANCE
IN HIGHER EDUCATION (2020) by Ashneet Kaur.

This paper explores how different types of modern technology

(such as e-learning, social media, mobile learning, and
gamification) affect student performance in higher education. It
also provides some recommendations for effective technology
integration.

The Effect of Technology-Enhanced Project-Based

Learning on Students’ Engagement and
Achievement in Education: A Meta-Analysis
(2021) by Xuelian Lu and Jihyun Lee.

This paper conducts a meta-analysis of 32 studies published

between 2008 and 2020 on the effect of technology-
enhanced project-based learning (TE-PBL) on students’
engagement and achievement in education. The paper defines
TE-PBL as an instructional approach that integrates technology
into project-based learning (PBL), which is a student-centred
pedagogy that involves students in authentic, complex, and
collaborative projects. The paper finds that TE-PBL had a
positive and significant effect on students’ engagement and
achievement in education, with an overall effect size of 0.47
for engagement and 0.49 for achievement.

The Impact of Technology Use on Student

Engagement: A Syatic Review (2021) by Shuang
Gao and Jihyun Lee.

This paper syatically reviews 36 studies published between

2009 and 2019 on the impact of technology use on student
engagement in higher education. The paper defines student
engagement as a multidimensional construct that includes
behavioural engagement (such as participation and
persistence), emotional engagement (such as interest and
enjoyment), and cognitive engagement (such as meta cognition
and self-regulation). The paper finds that technology use had a
positive impact on student engagement in general, but the
effects varied depending on the type, purpose, and context of
technology use.
The Effect of Digital Technology Integration on
Students’ Academic Performance through
Project-Based Learning in an E-learning
Environment (2021) by Xuelian Lu.

This paper investigates how digital technology integration

affects students’ academic performance when project-based
learning (PBL) is implemented in an e-learning environment. It
uses the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine how
students’ perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude
toward use, behavioural intention to use, and actual use of
digital technology influence their learning engagement and
academic performance. It finds that TAM-related factors and
students’ learning engagement positively affect their academic
performance when digital technology is integrated into the PBL
environment.
The Effect of Education on Academic
Performance: A Meta-Analysis Study (2021)
by Nurwahyunani Nurwahyunani.

This paper aims to present the overall effect of education on

students’ academic achievement by analysing 64 research
findings obtained from 56 quantitative studies published
between 2014 and 2021. It finds that education has a positive
and significant effect on students’ academic achievement,
especially in mathematics and science subjects. It also discusses
the implications of the findings for practice and policy.
 PROCEDURE AND METHODOLOGY

TYPES OF RESEARCH

There are two types of research -

* PRIMARY RESEARCH

* SECONDARY RESEARCH

PRIMARY RESEARCH-

Primary research is the research which I conduct myself. It

involves going directly to the source - usually customers and
prospective customers in your target market - to ask questions
and gather information.

I have used primary research by the way of directly collecting

data from my family, friends and siblings through face to face
interactions so that I can get an overview about the integration
of technology in students education and help them to achieve
education.
SECONDARY RESEARCH-

Secondary research is the type of research that has already

been gathered, organized and published by others. It includes
reports and studies by government agencies, trade associations
or other business in your industry.

In this study, I have used secondary research method as well by

collecting data from various existing data resources which
include research papers, various websites, articles, publications
and journals.
Research design

Research design is the framework of research methods and

techniques chosen by a researcher to conduct a study. The
design allows researcher to sharpen the research methods
suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies for
success.

The methodology used in the study, as well as in the process of

gathering, synthesizing,and interpreting data, determine the
quality of work. The validity of syatic work is determined by
proper sampling, data collecting, data interpretation, and
conclusion formulation.

The properties of data set are summarized and organized using

descriptive statistics.
A data is a set of collection of responses or observations from a
sample or population as a whole.
The study is made up of general public including all students
and teachers from Delhi NCR region. This research is solely
based on EXPLORATORY (I.e study of various research papers
and publications) research design, in which the I have no
control over the variables; I can only report that has occurred
and what is now occurring.