ENGLISH COLLEGE

TYPES OF LISTENING/SENTENCE PATTERN

Listening- Is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.

-Is to give attention to sound or action.

TYPES OF LISTENING

1. Appreciative Listening
2. Emphatic Listening
3. Comprehensive Listening
4. Critical Listening

APPRECIATIVE LISTENING- Is a type of listening behavior where the listener seeks certain
information which they will appreciate.

EMPHATIC LISTENING- Listening to provide emotional support for the speaker.

COMPREHENSIVE/ ACTIVE LISTENING- Listening to understand the message of a speaker

- Is about interpreting the words and ideas the speaker.

STEPS IN ACTIVE LISTENING

1. Listening carefully by using all available senses

2. Paraphrasing what is heard both mentally and verbally.
3. Checking your understanding in ensure accuracy.
4. Providing feedback.

CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL LISTENING- Listening in evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or

rejecting it.

BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN

Sentence- A sentence is a group of words that has a complete thought.

It Is composed of a subject and a predicate.

Subject- is what (or whom) the sentence is about. It may be a noun or a pronoun.

Example: The girl is very happy.

Predicate- The predicate tells something about the subject.

Example: The little girl is very happy.

Linking Verb- It expresses a state of being, not an action, and is followed by predicate noun or
pronoun which tells what the sentence is or renames the subject in different terms, or by complement
adjective, which describes or modifies the sentence subject.

Example: The little girl is very happy.

Transitive Verb- It expresses an action that has a direct object or receiver of the action.
Example: Jessa got high grades in English.

Intransitive Verb- It expresses an action but does not have a direct object that receives the action.
The subject of the sentence performs an action but not to, for, or against anything or anybody.

Example: Joy cries so easily.

Direct Object- In a sentence, the direct object is the noun or noun phrase that receives the action of
the verb. The basic construction works like this: Subject+Verb+Who or What.

Example: Her secret admirer gave her a bouquet of flowers.

Indirect Object- It is a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that occurs in addition to a direct object after
some verbs and indicates the person or thing that receives what is given or done. The basic
construction works like this: Subject+Verb+Direct Object+ to whom, to what for whom, or for what.

Example: Her secret admirer gave her a bouquet of flowers.

Subject Complement- A subject complement either renames or describes the subject and usually a
noun, pronoun, or adjective. Subject Complements occur when there is linking verb within the
sentence (often a linking verb is a form of the verb to be)

Example: Mr. Jack is kind

Object Complement- An object complement is a word (usually a noun or an adjective) that renames
the direct object or states what it has become.

Example: Mark drives a fast car.

BASIC SENTENCE PATTERN

SUBJECT+LINKING VERB+COMPLEMENT (S-LV-C)

SUBJECT+INTRANSITIVE VERB (S-IV)

SUBJECT+TRANSITIVE VERB+ DIRECT OBJECT (S-TV-DO)

SUBJECT+TRANSITIVE VERB+ DIRECT OBJECT+OBJECT COMPLEMENT (S-TV-DO-OC)

SUBJECT+TRANSITIVE VERB+ INDIRECT OBJECT+ DIRECT OBJECT (S-TV-IO-DO)

Patterns and Examples

S-LV-C

Lee Dong Wook is so handsome

S-IV

Anna dances gracefully.

S-TV-DO
Lea helped the children.

S-TV-DO-OC

Jack called jill beautiful.

S-TV-IO-DO

Ms. Ruffa gave her students another homework.

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number.

If a subject is singular, its verb must also be singular; If a subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

In present tenses, nouns and verbs form plurals in opposite ways.

Ex. The cat chases the mouse

The cats chase the mouse.

RULES

A phrase or clause between subject and verb does not change the number of the subject.

Ex. A glass of cold water sits on the shelf.

Ex. The women who joined the event were happy.

Singular Indefinite pronoun subjects take singular verbs.

SINGULAR- Someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone,
everybody, everything, anything, each, either, neither, no one, one.

PLURAL- Several, few, many, both

“Some indefinite pronouns may be either singular or plural”

Some, any, all, must

Uncountable- SYEMPRE HINDI KAYANG BILANGIN

Countable- EDI KAYANG BILANGIN.

Compound subjects joined by “and” are always plural.

Ex. Tom and Jake made this event memorable.

“A person’s name and their address are often thought of as one piece of info, and can take singular
instead of plural verb.”

COMPOUND SUBJECTS JOINED BY OR/NOR, THE VERB AGREES WITH THE SUBJECT NEARER TO IT.

“Either is always paired with or and neither is always paired with nor”

INVERTED SUBJECTS MUST AGREE WITH THE VERB.

Ex. Waiter, there is a fly in my soup.

Waiter, there are four flies in my soup.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS
“group, jury, crowd, team, etc.”

TITLES OF SINGLE ENTITLES

“books, organizations, countries”

PLURAL FORM SUBJECTS WITH A SINGULAR MEANING

“news, measles, mumps, physics, etc”

PLURAL FORM SUBJECTS WITH A PLURAL MEANING TAKE A PLURAL VERB

WITH SUBJECT AND SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT OF DIFFERENT NUMBER THE VERB ALWAYS AGREES
WITH THE SUBJECT

Ex. My favorite topic is poems by Longfellow.

NOUNS- Name of places, persons, plants, animals, objects,events, ideas, and the like.
They are distinguish from the other parts of speech because they exhibit the following characteristics.

POSSESSIVE NOUN- Possessive nouns are nouns that show ownership or a direct connection.

The other notes is on the binder