UNIT III

DISPERSION & OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTORS

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1. Explain about information capacity determination.

2. Explain group and time delay in fiber optics.
3. Explain material dispersion, waveguide dispersion and find an expression for them using
electromagnetic field theory?
4. Discuss about the material dispersion in fluoride glasses?
5. Drive the expression for waveguide dispersion also find relation between V & β?
6. Compare the optical parameters of free space with dispersive and non-dispersive
mediums.
7. Explain detail about chromatic dispersion in the fiber and derive the expression for phase,
group velocity using electrical field distribution along fiber.
8. Difference between intra, inter modal dispersion.
9. Explain in detail about refractive index profile dispersion and dispersion Vs bandwidth of
the optical fiber.
10. Write a notes on dispersion shifted fiber and dispersion compensating fiber.
11. A single mode fiber operating at the wavelength of 1.3 micrometers is found to have a
total material dispersion of 2.81 ns and a total waveguide dispersion of 0.495 ns.
Determine the received pulse width and approximate bit rate of the fiber if the transmitted
pulse has a width of 0.5 ns.
12. For the fiber it is given that at 𝛌= 850 nm, 𝛌2(d2n1/d𝛌2)=0.015. The R.M.S spectral
width of light source S is 20 nm at this wavelength. Determine 1. Material dispersion
parameter. 2. R.M.S pulse broadening/kms due to the material dispersion.
13. With the help of relevant expressions explain pulse spreading mechanism in graded
index fibers.
14. A single mode step-index fiber gives a total pulse broadening of 95 ns over a 5 km
length. Estimate the bandwidth length product for the fiber when a non return to zero
digital code (NRZ) is used.
15. For a fiber material dispersion parameter is 58.8 ps/nm/km. The relative spectral width
δ𝛌/𝛌 of the source is 0.0012 at the wavelength of 850nm. Calculate the R.M.S pulse
broadening pr km.
16. Discuss the principles of operation of the two major categories of demountable optical
fiber connector. Describe in detail a common technique for achieving a butt jointed fiber
connector.
17. What are the principle requirements of a good connector design.
18. Explain about straight sleeve connectors.
19. Explain about lensed connector.
20. How to interconnect to fibers in a low loss manner? Explain.
21. Explain about losses in end separation, connecting different fibers when joining two
fibers.
22. Explain about fiber end face preparation.
23. Explain about connector return losses.
24. A multimode graded index fiber exhibits the pulse broadening of 0.2 μs over a distance
of 15 kms. Estimate, 1.optimun band width of fiber 2. Dispersion per unit length 3.
Bandwidth length product.
25. List out the differences between intermodal and intramodal dispersion.
26. Define and distinguish between the different types of signal distortion in optical fibers.
27. A single mode fiber operating at the wave length of 1.3μm is found to have a total
material dispersion of 2.81ns and a total wave guide dispersion of 0.495ns. Determine the
received pulse width and approximate bit rate of the fiber if the transmitted pulse has a
width of 0.5ns.
28. Derive the expression for the relation ship between material dispersion and wave length
of the optical fiber with suitable examples.
29. Write notes on “broadening of pulse due to fiber dispersion”.
30. Explain the pulse dispersion with suitable diagrams in detail.
31. Calculate the insertion loss of the connector when the power in the fiber is 100μwatts
and the output power after the connector is 80μwatts.
32. Explain about tapered sleeve fiber optic connectors
33. Explain about double eccentric and multiple fiber connector
34. Explain the intrinsic coupling losses at fiber joint due to mismatch of code diameter, NA
and refractive index profile difference.
35. Estimate the losses encountered while coupling power from a source to a fiber due to a
mismatch in their numerical apertures and surface areas.
 UNIT IV
FIBER SPLICING & LED’S
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

1. What is splicing? Explain about fusion splicing.

2. Explain about adhesive splicing.
3. Explain about multiple splicing
4. Discuss the advantages and draw backs of fusion splicing and adhesive splicing.
5. A 10μm core diameter single mode step index paper has a normalized frequency of 2.0. A
fusion splice at a point along its length exhibits an insertion loss of 0.15dB. Assuming
only lateral misalignment contributes to splice insertion loss, estimate the magnitude of
lateral misalignment.
6. Explain about lateral misalignment problem when joining two fibers.
7. Explain about angular misalignment when joining two fibers.
8. An optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5.two lens of the fiber with smooth and
perpendicular to the core axis end faces area butted together. Assuming the fiber axis or
perfectly aligned calculate the optical loss in decimals at the joint (due to Fresnel
reflection) when there is a small air gap between the fiber end faces.
9. Draw the schematic diagram of high radiance surface emitted LED and explain working
in detail.
10. Draw the schematic of edge emitting double hetro junction LED and explain its working
in detail.
11. With respect to LED, what is internal quantum efficiency and derive the expression for
the life time reduction caused by interfacial recombination.
12. Why power band width is an important parameter in an optical communication system.
13. Explain in detail the various factors which affect in performance of optical source.
14. Obtain the expression for the 3dB modulation bandwidth of LED and discuss the
importance of radiative recombination life time.
15. With respect to LED why hetro junction devices are suitable for optical fiber
communication system.
16. Define the following with respect to LED
1. Internal quantum efficiency
2. Modulation capability
3. Power band width product

17. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of LED

18. A practical surface emitting LED has a fifty mm diameter emitting area and operates at a

peak modulation current of a 100mA.what is band width of a GaA1As LED having a

2.0mm active area thickness ?take Br=10-10 cm3 /s and S=104cm/s.

19. Explain the key process involved in the laser operation.

20. What is population inversion how it can be achieved?

21. Discuss the requirement for population inversion in order to stimulated emission may
dominate over spontaneous emission. illustrate your answer with an energy level diagram

of a laser.

22. Discuss the reliability of the double hetro junction laser diode and explain how to
improve the reliability of the system.

23. Draw the schematic of fabry peraot resonator cavity for a laser diode and explain how
the optical radiations are generated.
 24. Draw the LASER diode characteristics.

25. Discuss the mechanism of optical feed back to provide oscillation and hence
amplification with in the laser. Indicate how this provides distinctive spectral output
from
this device.

26. Describe the techniques used to give both electrical and optical confinement in
multimode injection lasers .contrast these techniques when used in gain guided and
index guided lasers.

27. Explain the modulation capability of laser diode and its temperature affects how to
complicate for variations in temperature.

28. Describe the different modes available in laser diode and derive the condition for
reaching the lasing threshold optical gain.

29. Obtain lasing threshold which find the amplitude of mode, resonant frequency and wave
length spacing between two consecutive modes.

30. Briefly explain about reliability of LED’s and ILD’s

31. Draw the schematic of an edge emitting and explain the reasons for such constructions.

32. Discuss the major requirements of an optical source for use in optical communication
system.

33. Dicuss about materials used for light sources of optical communications.

34. Obtain the expression for 3dB modulation bandwidth of Led and discuss the importance
radiative combination life time.