EFORUM 3H

Beyond Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0 is a theoretical idea that symbolises the next stage of industrial
development. While Industry 4.0 emphasised the incorporation of advanced technologies such as
automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) into manufacturing processes,
Industry 5.0 aims to combine these technologies with human creativity and intuition to create a
more collaborative and flexible manufacturing environment (Wang et al., 2023).

Overall, Industry 5.0 intends to establish a manufacturing environment that is not just
technologically advanced, but also human-centric, sustainable, and socially responsible.

There are numerous advantages to implementing Industry 5.0, including increased efficiency and
productivity. Automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are some of the
industry 5.0 amenities expected to boost efficiency and productivity in manufacturing processes.
Aside from that, industry 5.0 items offer better quality. It can result in higher quality through
enhanced manufacturing processes and increasing the use of real-time feedback and advice. It also
reduces downtime for any machinery or equipment. Industry 5.0 can assist in reducing downtime in
industrial operations by providing predictive maintenance and real-time monitoring. Increased
labour safety is another major benefit that the 5.0 industry desires.

Even though Industry 5.0 promises many benefits in many areas, Grabowska, 2022 points out that
there are some disadvantages to integrating industry 5.0 today, such as disrupting traditional
manufacturing jobs due to increased automation and increased use of robots in industry, which may
lead to human displacement and require worker retention. Cybersecurity is another issue that could
occur. Because Industry 5.0 relies on interconnected digital systems, cybersecurity issues such as
hacking and data breaches may be more prevalent. Finally, the main reason that this advanced sector
has not been embraced in our country is that citizens are unwilling to switch from traditional
industrial techniques and technologies.

Finally, industry 5.0 promises numerous benefits and drawbacks in a variety of areas. As Malaysians,
we must strive to implement this advanced industry in order to compete with other countries.
EFORUM 4H

Umakant Chanshetti, 2014 Green Chemistry or environmentally benign chemistry is the design of
chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous
substances. Green chemistry was developed by virtue of the need to overcome this hazardous effect
that toxic compounds exert on the body.

Human health

Coupling sustainability with functionality in the packaging industry

The packaging industry faces some of the biggest challenges with regards to switching to biobased
alternatives, due to the different purposes a package serves (i.e., protection, barrier, marketing,
transport). An example of an existing replacement for the packaging industry is the product FDCA,
which is derived from sugars, developed by Corbion. This product is an alternative to PET packaging
in the F&B industry, offering better barrier, thermal, and mechanical properties than conventional
PET.

‘Green chemistry’ can also be applied to other proposals in addition to F&B packaging, using food
waste or renewable biomass. For example, of the companies highlighted in the PreScouter report,
Pyran, uses 1,5-PDO derived from corn cobs to replace fossil-based diols for textiles, paints, coatings
and automotive applications.

Economy and business:

Higher yields for chemical reactions, consuming smaller amounts of feedstock to obtain the same
amount of product

Fewer synthetic steps, often allowing faster manufacturing of products, increasing plant capacity, and
saving energy and water

Reduced waste, eliminating costly remediation, hazardous waste disposal, and end-of-the-pipe
treatments

Allow replacement of a purchased feedstock by a waste product

Better performance so that less product is needed to achieve the same function

Reduced use of petroleum products, slowing their depletion and avoiding their hazards and price
fluctuations

Reduced manufacturing plant size or footprint through increased throughput

Increased consumer sales by earning and displaying a safer-product label (e.g., Safer Choice labeling)

Improved competitiveness of chemical manufacturers and their customers

Umakant Chanshetti (2014) Green chemistry, often known as environmentally friendly chemistry, is
the development of chemical products and processes that limit or eliminate the usage and
production of harmful compounds. Green chemistry arose from the necessity to overcome the
dangerous effect that poisonous substances have on the body.

Many chemical businesses are addressing the issue by increasing the environmental
sustainability of their manufacturing processes through the adoption of greener technology. Some of
the various ways chemists and engineers approach the challenge of meeting sustainability goals,
ranging from mapping and analysing the chemical industry's carbon footprint to determining how to
use renewable materials to change the way we make products.

The development of biodegradable polymers and the immobilisation of biocatalysts for

industrial applications, as well as the use of greener technologies to replace expensive toxic
chemicals and materials with earth-abundant, inexpensive, and benign alternatives, will lead to the
development of environmentally friendly chemical reactions and processes that require significantly
less energy, water, or organic reagents and solvents than current practices.

The contributions include not only applications from the pharmaceutical industry, such as the
establishment of a Quality by Design (QbD)-based fully integrated continuous active pharmaceutical
ingredient manufacturing plant demonstrating higher quality, greater flexibility, and lower operating
costs, as well as the use of a commercial-scale visible-light trifluoromethyl onto access acritical
intermediate via photo redox chemistry, but also examples from other specialised industries.

Industries must always be mindful of customer interests as well as the requirement to adhere to
environmental regulations. As customers increasingly seek out sustainable items and industries
express concern for the environment by replacing traditional products with 'green chemical'
products, the future benefits will be higher.

The United States government recently reported that the cost of complying with safety and
environmental regulations can amount to up to 4% of gross domestic product across all
manufacturing sectors. Green chemistry directs the development of naturally safer compounds that
require fewer manufacturing safety controls. Additional cost savings might be obtained if legislation
favoured green chemistry solutions used to meet regulatory compliance. For example, naturally safer
chemical alternatives could benefit from a streamlined clearance procedure, making them more
appealing to chemical businesses and formulators. Green chemistry and sustainable business
practices in the industry have begun to debunk the misconception that investing in green
technologies is too expensive to be competitive.
FORUM 5

In reports prepared by the European Commission, AI is defined as software systems designed and
improved by humans, operating in a physical or digital dimension, collecting and analysing data to
predict actions necessary to achieve a set goal. Research and development play a fundamental role
in industrial innovation, especially for companies related to sustainable development. Artificial
intelligence is used to predict and optimize chemical reactions and to improve the design of chemical
synthesis. Several studies have highlighted the potential of artificial intelligence in supporting the
development of sustainable chemicals and materials (Doan et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2019).

Machine learning and artificial intelligence models, along with advanced analytics, help to
predict the amount of raw materials needed to ensure continuity in chemical production and to
determine future demand. AI forecasting leaves room for changes at every stage of the molecule's
development. Artificial intelligence also helps to predict the prices of materials and raw materials.
This allows for faster adjustment of the production process to market conditions and significantly
reduces the company's losses. Artificial intelligence used in the chemical industry can reduce
forecasting error by 50% compared to human predictions. Companies can streamline their supply
chain and avoid excess inventory by forecasting demand using artificial intelligence.

Chemical companies use robots to clean production areas, minimizing human contact with
toxic substances. Context-aware robots can also improve logistics efficiency and shorten travel time
for raw materials or finished products between different parts of the production line. Companies
such as Novartis use robots to distribute chemicals on multi-well plates. They help the company test
substances and products 24/7, accelerating the process of discovering new drugs.

Optical systems supporting artificial intelligence are used to detect defects such as
mechanical inclusions, colour differences, or damaged packaging. AI platforms, such as SG Vision AI,
provide advanced monitoring tools that help companies improve data collection accuracy and
accelerate the model validation process (Pace, 2021). Multi-billion-dollar companies such as Dow use
AI monitoring to detect and eliminate safety threats associated with entries into enclosed spaces
(Andulkar, 2021).

Effective implementation of new solutions plays a crucial role in the development of

chemical industry enterprises. These companies, in order to survive and maintain their market
position, will have to change their previously used business models and redefine their value chains.
With the planned tightening of environmental regulations and standards in the near future,
companies should adapt to current trends - including the circular economy - and utilize digital
technology opportunities, as well as enhance the qualifications of their employees in this
direction(apply AI).

Chemical manufacturers can optimise performance parameters and reduce energy usage,
resulting in more efficient and sustainable processes. Furthermore, AI is essential to chemical process
control because it makes proactive management and real-time monitoring possible. Computer vision
and predictive artificial neural networks enable high-speed and precise thermal management of
continuous-flow chemical reactors, increasing productivity and reducing downtime.