Fluids Mechanics 3nd year

Beni Suef Technological ‘2024-2025’

University Autotronics Program
Sheet 1

1. A fluid that occupies a volume of 24 L weighs 225 N at a location where the gravitational
acceleration is 9.80 m/s2. Determine the mass of this fluid and its density. [m=22.96 kg; ρ=956.6
kg/m3]
2. The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 2.60 ft3 is at 70°F and 22 psig. Determine the amount
of air that must be added to raise the pressure to the recommended value of 30 psig. Assume the
atmospheric pressure to be 14.6 psia and the temperature and the volume to remain constant.
3. A thin plate moves between two parallel, horizontal, stationary flat surfaces at a constant velocity of
5 m/s. The two stationary surfaces are spaced 4 cm apart, and the medium between them is filled
with oil whose viscosity is 0.9 N⋅s/m2. The part of the plate immersed in oil at any given time is 2-
m long and 0.5-m wide. If the plate moves through the mid-plane between the surfaces, determine
the force required to maintain this motion. What would your response be if the plate was 1 cm from
the bottom surface (h2) and 3 cm from the top surface (h1)? [F=450 N; F'=600 N]

4. The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by a viscometer constructed of two 75-cm-long concentric

cylinders. The outer diameter of the inner cylinder is 15 cm, and the gap between the two cylinders
is 1 mm. The inner cylinder is rotated at 300 rpm, and the torque is measured to be 0.8 N·m
Determine the viscosity of the fluid. [𝟏. 𝟐𝟖𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝑵. 𝒔/𝒎𝟐 ]

5. The clutch system shown in Figure is used to transmit torque through a 2-mm-thick oil film with μ=
0.38 N⋅s/m2 between two identical 30-cm-diameter disks. When the driving shaft rotates at a speed
of 1200 rpm, the driven shaft is observed to rotate at 1125 rpm. Assuming a linear velocity profile
for the oil film, determine the transmitted torque. [𝟏. 𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝐍. 𝐦]

6. The viscosity of some fluid’s changes when a strong electric field is applied on them. This
phenomenon is known as the electrorheological (ER) effect, and fluids that exhibit such behavior

Page 1 of 3
Dr. Mohammed. Abdelaziz. H. Ali
 are known as ER fluids. The Bingham plastic model for shear stress, which is expressed as 𝝉 = 𝝉𝒚 +
𝝁(𝒅𝒖/𝒅𝒚) is widely used to describe ER fluid behavior because of its simplicity. One of the most
promising applications of ER fluids is the ER clutch. A typical multidisc ER clutch consists of
several equally spaced steel disks of inner radius R1 and outer radius R2 ,N of them attached to the
input shaft. The gap ℎ between the parallel disks is filled with a viscous fluid. (a) Find a relationship
for the torque generated by the clutch when the output shaft is stationary and (b) calculate the torque
for an ER clutch with N = 11 for R1 = mm, R2 = 200 mm, and n=2400 rpm if the fluid is SAE 10
with 𝝁 = 0.1 Pa·s, 𝝉𝒚 = 2.5 kPa, and h = 1.2 mm. [𝟐𝟎𝟔𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 𝐍. 𝐦]

7. The gage pressure of the air in the tank shown in Figure is measured to be 50 kPa. Determine the
differential height 𝒉 of the mercury column. [𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝐜𝐦]

8. A multifluid container is connected to a U-tube, as shown in Figure. For the given specific gravities
and fluid column heights, determine the gage pressure at A. Also determine the height of a mercury
column that would create the same pressure at A. [𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟑 𝐜𝐦]

9. A hydraulic lift is to be used to lift a 2500 kg weight by putting a weight of 25 kg on a piston with
a diameter of 10 cm. Determine the diameter of the piston on which the weight is to be placed. [𝟏 𝐦]

Page 2 of 3
Dr. Mohammed. Abdelaziz. H. Ali
10. The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multifluid manometer as
shown in Figure. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒎, and
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝒎. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and
13,600 kg/m3, respectively. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 85.6 kPa. [𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂 ]

11. The specific gravity of a fluid is specified to be 0.82. The specific volume of this fluid is

12. The specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. The specific weight of mercury is

13. A 0.08-m3 rigid tank contains air at 3 bar and 127°C. The mass of the air in the tank is

14. The viscosity of liquids and the viscosity of gases with temperature.

15. The dynamic viscosity of air at 20°C and 200 kPa is 1.83 × 10-5 kg/m⋅s. The kinematic viscosity of
air at this state is

16. A viscometer constructed of two 30-cm-long concentric cylinders is used to measure the viscosity
of a fluid. The outer diameter of the inner cylinder is 9 cm, and the gap between the two cylinders
is 0.18 cm. The inner cylinder is rotated at 250 rpm, and the torque is measured to be 1.4 N⋅m.
The viscosity of the fluid is

Page 3 of 3
Dr. Mohammed. Abdelaziz. H. Ali