VLF Sinus 62 kV

Portable Test and Diagnosis System

Operating instructions

Issue: B (10/2023) - EN
Item number: 88099
This document is copyright of Megger Germany GmbH.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a
commitment by Megger Germany GmbH. Megger Germany GmbH assumes no responsibility for any errors
that may appear in this document.

www.megger.com 3
Table of contents
1 Important notes 6

2 List of symbols and abbreviations 7

3 Safety instructions 8

4 Technical description 10

4.1 System description 10

4.2 Technical data 11

4.3 Scope of delivery and accessories 13

4.4 Display and operating elements 15

4.5 Connection elements 16

5 Commissioning 17

5.1 Electrical connection 17

5.1.1 Normal connection 18

5.1.2 Connection with automatic leakage current correction 19

5.1.3 Connection via separate cable drum 19

5.1.4 Connection in combination with a partial discharge measuring system 20

5.1.5 Connecting the external safety device (optional) 21

5.2 Switching on 21

6 Basic operation of the test system 22

6.1 Start screen and status bar 22

6.2 Basic rotary encoder controls 23

6.3 High-voltage control 25

7 Performing tests and diagnoses 27

7.1 Withstand voltage test 28

7.1.1 Preparing and starting the test 28

7.1.2 Procedure and conclusion of the test 32

7.2 Dissipation factor (TanDelta) measurement 35

7.2.1 Preparing and starting the TanDelta measurement 35

7.2.2 Procedure and conclusion of the TanDelta measurement 41

7.2.3 Analysing and evaluating the step test measurement results 44

7.3 Sheath test / Sheath fault location 46

7.3.1 Sheath testing 46

7.3.1.1 Preparing and starting the sheath test 46

7.3.1.2 Procedure and conclusion of the sheath test 48

4 www.megger.com
 7.3.2 Sheath fault location 51

7.4 Partial discharge diagnostics (PD measuring system required) 55

8 Managing and processing measurement data 56

8.1 Managing and exporting measurement data 56

8.2 Archiving measurement data and creating a report 58

9 Adjusting the settings 59

9.1 Adjusting the software settings 59

9.2 Adjusting the measurement settings 60

9.3 Adjusting the extended settings 61

9.3.1 Activating the 'TanDelta measurement' option 62

9.3.2 Updating the firmware 62

9.3.3 Adjusting the tan delta settings 63

9.3.4 Managing tan delta evaluation standards 63

10 Switching off the test system and disconnecting it from the test object 65

11 Maintenance, storage and transport 66

www.megger.com 5
1 Important notes

Safety precautions
This manual contains basic information about commissioning and operating the device/system. Therefore,
it must be ensured that this manual is accessible to authorised and trained operating personnel at all times.
The operating personnel must read the manual carefully. The manufacturer will not accept liability for any
damage to persons or materials caused by a failure to observe the safety instructions contained in this
manual.

National standards and regulations must be observed.

Intended use
The safety of the supplied system is only guaranteed if it is used as intended. Improper use can result in
hazards for the operator, for the system, and for associated systems.

The limits specified in the technical data must not be exceeded under any circumstances.

Working with products from Megger

The generally valid electrical regulations of the country in which the device is installed and operated, as well
as the existing national regulations for accident prevention and any internal regulations (work, operating,
and safety regulations) of the operator must be observed.

After working on the system, it must be disconnected from the power supply and secured against being
switched on again, discharged, earthed, and short-circuited.

Original accessories are used for system safety and functional reliability. The use of other parts is not
permitted and leads to the loss of warranty.

Operating personnel
The system must only be commissioned and operated by authorised, qualified electricians. Under DIN VDE
0104 (EN 50191), DIN VDE 0105 (EN 50110) and accident prevention regulations, the term 'qualified
electrician' refers to persons who are able to identify hazards based on their knowledge, experience, and
knowledge of the relevant regulations.

Other persons must be kept away.

Declaration of Conformity (CE)

The product complies with the requirements of the following European directives:
n EMC Directive
n Low Voltage Directive

A digital copy of the CE Declaration of Conformity is available on request.

6 www.megger.com
2 List of symbols and abbreviations

Signal words and symbols used

The following signal words and symbols are used in this operating instructions and also on the product
itself:

Signal Description
word/symbol

WARNING Indicates a potential hazard that may result in death or serious injury if not avoided.

CAUTION Indicates a potential hazard that may result in moderate or minor injuries if not avoided.

NOTE Indicates a potential hazard that may result in property damage if not avoided.

Used to highlight warning and safety instructions in the operating instructions.

When present as a sticker on the product, it identifies sources of danger that require
the user to read the operating instructions to ensure safe handling.

Used to highlight warning and safety instructions that explicitly indicate danger of
electric shock.

Used to highlight important information and useful tips for operating the product.
Failure to observe may result in unusable measurement results.

Indicates further information in other operating instructions.

List of abbreviations

Abbreviation Meaning

PDS Partial discharge measuring system

TD TanDelta (dissipation factor)

TD STEP TanDelta – step test

TD MWT TanDelta – monitored withstand test

PD Partial discharge

VLF Very low frequency (0.1 Hz alternating voltage)

www.megger.com 7
3 Safety instructions

Lifting and carrying devices

The device may only be lifted and carried using the carry handles provided on the side. Other parts of the
device, such as the connection cables, are unable to withstand the forces that occur when the device is
lifted and could therefore break or tear off.

Behaviour in the event of faults during normal operation

The system must only be operated if it is in perfect technical condition. In the event of damage, irregularity,
or faults that cannot be rectified using the instructions in the operating manual, the system must be immedi-
ately shut down and marked accordingly. In this case, notify the relevant supervisor. Please contact the
Megger service immediately to rectify the fault. The system must not be put back into operation until the
fault has been rectified.

Five safety rules

These five safety rules must be consistently applied when working on the electrical connection between
the measuring system and the test specimen.

1. Disconnect from the power supply

2. Secure it against being switched back on
3. Test to ensure that it has been disconnected
4. Earth and short-circuit the system
5. Cover or cordon off adjacent live components

Fire fighting in the vicinity of electrical equipment

n Correct extinguishing agent: Carbon dioxide (CO2).
n Carbon dioxide is electrically non-conductive and leaves no residue. It is safe to
use on live systems but the appropriate safety distances must be observed. A CO2
fire extinguisher should therefore always be available near the electrical system.
n Improper use of other extinguishing agents may damage the electrical system, for
which Megger cannot accept any liability Furthermore, if a powder extinguisher is
used near high-voltage equipment, there is a risk of voltage being transferred to the
person using the fire extinguisher (due to the powder mist).
n Please always observe the hazard warnings on fire extinguishers.
n DIN VDE 0132 applies.

Persons with pacemakers/defibrillators

Persons with pacemakers/defibrillators may be at risk in the vicinity of the device as a

result of the physical processes in the high-voltage system.

8 www.megger.com
 WARNING

Risk of electric shock

Special attention and safety-conscious conduct is required by measuring personnel

when handling high-voltage equipment and systems, especially during non-stationary
operation. Here, VDE regulation 0104 "Erection and operation of electrical test
equipment" or the corresponding EN 50191 as well as country-specific standards and
regulations must be strictly observed.
n The high-voltage device/system generates a dangerous voltage of up to
62 kVPEAK.
n The high-voltage device/system must not be operated unsupervised.
n When operating the high-voltage device/system, a second person must be in sight
and within hearing range, who can then recognise any dangers and activate the
emergency stop switches.
n Safety devices must not be bypassed or disabled.

www.megger.com 9
4 Technical description

4.1 System description

Purpose
The test system enables the standard testing of medium-voltage cables and other equipment with a real 0.1
Hz sinusoidal test voltage of up to 62 kVpeak or 44 kVrms.

This type of cable test can be used to safely induce the breakdown of installation faults that endanger
operation and insulation faults (such as water-tree damage in PE/VPE cables or local damage in mass-
impregnated cables). Thanks to the integrated breakdown detection, this test process is performed without
any damage to the fault-free cable insulation.

Furthermore, the system is also suitable for tests with…

n positive and negative DC voltage of up to 62 kV,
n trapezoidal AC voltage (square-wave voltage) of up to 62 kVpeak with load-dependent ramp speed,

In addition, the optional internal tan delta measurement offers the option to determine the dielectric loss
factor tanδ (tan delta) during a step test with sinusoidal test voltage, and thus a measure of the cable's
degree of ageing.

In combination with a suitable partial discharge measuring system and a notebook for controlling the
software, the test system can also be used for standard measurement of partial discharges (PD).

Features
The test system combines the following features and functions into one system:
n AC voltage test with two different voltage forms
n DC voltage test with positive and negative polarity
n Complete tan delta step test
n Informative dielectric strength diagnostics (VLF test with accompanying tan delta diagnostics)
n Leakage current measurement at DC and square-wave voltage
n Sheath test and sheath fault pinpointing with negative DC voltage of up to 20 kV
n Manual and automatic frequency adjustment
n Breakdown detection with automatic switch-off of the test voltage and discharge of the test object in
the event of excessive charging current
n Switchable burning function for fault conversion after breakdown (max. one minute)
n Automatic evaluation of tan delta measured values based on official and in-house standards
n Convenient measurement data export via USB (prepared for wireless data transfer) for reporting and
archiving in the reporting software MeggerBook Lite or MeggerBook

10 www.megger.com
4.2 Technical data
The test system is specified by the following technical parameters:

Parameter Value

Output voltage
Sinusoidal 2 to 44 kVrms / 62 kVpeak
DC ±2 to ±62 kV
Rectangular ±2 to ±62 kV

Max. output current source 23 mArms (at rated voltage)

Leakage current measurement (square-wave and DC operation)

Display range 0 to 20 mA
Resolution 10 μA

Test voltage frequency (for tests with 0.01 Hz to 0.1 Hz

sinusoidal and square-wave voltage)

Testable load capacity (see also graph below)

Sinusoidal voltage 1.0 μF at 62 kV/0.1 Hz
Square-wave voltage 1.0 μF at 62 kV/0.1 Hz
DC voltage 5 μF at 62 kV
Max. load capacity 10 μF at reduced voltages and frequencies
TanDelta measurement (optional)
Measuring range 10-4 to 100
Accuracy (at a load capacity >20 nF) 1 x 10-4
Resolution 1 x 10-5 or 1 x 10-6
Sheath test and sheath fault pinpointing
Voltage 0 to -20 kV
Timing for sheath fault pinpointing (in 0.5:1 / 1:2 / 1:3 / 1:4 / 1.5:0.5
seconds)

Input voltage range 110 V to 230 V, 50/60 Hz

Power consumption 1600 VA

Display Transflective 7" touchscreen with a resolution of 800 x 480

pixels

Memory 8 GB measurement data memory

Data interfaces USB 3.0

Weight 60 kg

Dimensions (W x H x D) 670 x 640 x 510 mm

www.megger.com 11
 Parameter Value

Operating temperature -20°C to 55°C

Storage temperature -20°C to 70°C

Relative humidity 93% at 30°C (non-condensing)

Protection class (according to IEC 61140 I

[DIN VDE 0140-1])

IP rating (according to IEC 60529 [DIN IP21

VDE 0470-1])

The following graph applies to tests with sinusoidal voltage and illustrates the dependence of the test
frequency on the capacity of the connected load and the set test voltage. If a test frequency cannot be
applied due to the capacity limits specified here, an automatic adjustment is made and the user is informed
about this condition.

12 www.megger.com
4.3 Scope of delivery and accessories

Scope of delivery
Check the scope of delivery immediately after receipt for completeness and externally visible damage.
Devices and accessories with visible damage must not be put into operation under any circumstances. If
something is missing or damaged, please contact your sales partner immediately.

Component Item number

Basic unit with HV connection cable (5 or 10 m) and cable 1015090

bag (with 5 m cable)

1015091
(with 10 m cable)

Earth cable, 5 or 10 m

Power cord Varies by region

Pliers set for connection to the test object and earth rail 2016176 (standard version)

2016300 (US version)

USB stick with reporting software MeggerBook Lite 2015942

Operating instructions 88099

Optional accessories
The following optional accessories can be ordered from your sales partner:

Accessory Description Item number

"Tan delta measurement" Licence to activate the optional 'tan delta 138316309
option measurement' function ("Activating the
'TanDelta measurement' option" on
page 62)

External safety device with HV External box with signal lamps, high- 108300322
control voltage control, emergency stop switch
and key switch

External safety device without External box with signal lamps, 2010001
HV control emergency stop switch and key switch

MeggerBook full version Windows software for analysing, logging 2015875

and archiving measurement data

Transport box with rollers For maximum convenience and safety 90041725
while transporting the test system

www.megger.com 13
 Accessory Description Item number

PD PA-MC-UNI PD-free connection adapter Single:

1013564 (460 mm)

1013563 (310 mm)

As set for 3-phase

connection; including fork
adapter and other
accessories:

1013586 (460 mm)

1013587 (310 mm)

VLF CS-BB Adapter set for 3-phase cable testing; 128311801

suitable for connection to busbars

Longer HV connection cable on Cable drum including HV connection 1013436 (25 m)

cable drum cable (25 or 50 m), connection panel and
1013552 (50 m)
required connection accessories

PDS 62-SIN partial discharge PD coupler for partial discharge See data sheet PDS 62-
coupler diagnostics with sinusoidal voltage SIN
(including notebook, software, calibrator
and accessories)

Diagnostics connection set Accessory set for PD-free connection to 890017909

the test object

HVCC VLF SIN-62 HVCC connection set (HV cable 1013605

correction) for leakage current correction
in tan delta measurements

14 www.megger.com
4.4 Display and operating elements
The following display and operating elements are located on the front panel of the test system:

Number Description

1 Analogue voltage display/residual voltage display

2 Emergency stop switch

3 On/off button

4 Safety key switch for locking the high-voltage preparation

5 'HV ON' button

6 'HV OFF' button

7 Touch display

8 Rotary encoder

9 USB port

Further information:
n "High-voltage control" on page 25

www.megger.com 15
4.5 Connection elements
The following connection elements are located in the connection panel on the back of the test system:

Number Description

10 Mains socket with fuses (2 x T16A)

11 Protective earth connection

12 'Guarding' earth connection for leakage current correction in combination with the
optional connection accessory HVCC VLF SIN-62 ("Connection with automatic leakage
current correction" on page 19) or the separate cable drum ("Connection via separate
cable drum" on page 19)

13 Socket for connecting the external safety device

14 Network socket for communicating with the control notebook ("Connection in combin-
ation with a partial discharge measuring system" on page 20)

16 www.megger.com
5 Commissioning
WARNING

Danger due to improper installation

n The guidelines for the implementation of occupational safety when operating a
non-stationary test system often differ between different network operators and are
frequently accompanied by national regulations (such as the German BGI 5191).
Inform yourself about the guidelines applicable at the place of use before the
measuring operation and carefully follow the rules set out therein for labour organ-
isation and commissioning of the non-stationary test system.
n Choose a location for the system that meets the requirements of weight and dimen-
sions and ensures a stable footing.
n Make sure that no other systems/system parts are impaired in their functionality
when setting up or connecting the device. If changes have to be made to other
systems/system parts, it must be ensured that these measures are reversed after
the work has been completed. Always observe the special requirements of these
systems/devices and only perform any work relating to them after prior consulta-
tion/approval from the person responsible for the work.
n In the event of vast temperature differences between the storage and installation
location (cold to warm), condensation may form on the high-voltage components
(condensation effect). To prevent voltage flashovers that could put persons and
equipment at risk, the system must not be operated in this condition. Instead, it
should remain in the new environment for about an hour to acclimatise before
being put into operation.

5.1 Electrical connection

WARNING

Risk of electric shock

n The system may only be connected to non-live equipment. The general safety
instructions and in particular, the five safety rules must be followed before
connecting to the test object ("Safety instructions" on page 8).
n Follow the specified connection sequence.
n All cables at the measuring point that are out of service and at which no measure-
ments are being taken must always be short-circuited and earthed.
n Since the voltage applied to the test object can reach dangerous contact values,
the prohibited zone defined in DIN EN 50191 (VDE 0104) around the live parts
must be isolated in such a way that it cannot be reached.
n The cable ends must be isolated to prevent contact. It must be ensured that all
branching points are considered.
n To avoid dangerous charges, all metal parts in the vicinity of the high-voltage
device must be earthed.

www.megger.com 17
5.1.1 Normal connection
The following figure shows the simplified connection diagram:

To connect the test system to the test object, proceed as follows:

1. Use the green/yellow earth cable to connect the device's protective earth connection to a
suitable point on the protective earth system (station earth). Ensure that the connection points of the
earth cable are not dirty or rusted and provide good metallic contact.
2. Connect the other end of the HV cable to the test object.

3. Connect the supplied power cord to the system's power receptacle and to a power socket.

18 www.megger.com
5.1.2 Connection with automatic leakage current correction
The optionally available connection set 'HVCC VLF SIN-62' ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on
page 13) can be used to carry out TanDelta measurements with automatic leakage current correction. The
connection of the set also requires work at the far end of the cable and should be performed as follows:

5.1.3 Connection via separate cable drum

If the test system is connected to the test object via the cable drum ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on
page 13), which is available as a special accessory, it is connected as follows:

www.megger.com 19
5.1.4 Connection in combination with a partial discharge measuring system
The test system can be expanded into a fully fledged diagnostic system in combination with an optional
partial discharge measuring system ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on page 13). To do this, the test
system must be connected not only to the PD measuring system itself, but also to the notebook required to
perform the partial discharge diagnostics. This is part of the scope of delivery for the partial discharge
measuring system.

Detailed information on the electrical connection of the partial discharge measuring

system can be found in the respective operating manual.

20 www.megger.com
5.1.5 Connecting the external safety device (optional)
The optional external safety device ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on page 13) can be used to make
the current system status clearly visible via coloured signal lamps and to enable or interrupt the HV prepar-
ation. It is connected to the socket provided on the test system. If the system is intended to be operated
without an external safety device connected, it is essential to screw the dummy plug onto the socket .

Number Description

15 The green signal lamp lights up when the system is switched on but not in high-voltage
mode.

16 Safety key switch for locking the high-voltage preparation.

17 The red signal lamp lights up as soon as high voltage can be generated. All discharge
and earth devices are open and the test object is to be considered "live".

18 Emergency stop switch

19 'HV ON' button

20 'HV OFF' button

Further information:
n "High-voltage control" on page 25

5.2 Switching on

After proper connection, the test system is switched on by pressing the illuminated on/off button . The
software starts within a few seconds and then remains on the home screen ("Start screen and status bar"
on the next page).

www.megger.com 21
6 Basic operation of the test system

6.1 Start screen and status bar

Start screen
The start screen is the central starting point for calling up all operating modes and settings menus and is
displayed immediately after launching the software. Even while the device is being operated, you can
always return to this screen from lower menu levels.

The following operating modes and functions can be called up from the start screen:

Menu item Description

Cable test with different voltage forms ("Withstand voltage test" on page 28)

[Only available when the "tan delta measurement" option is activated]

Tan delta step test ("Dissipation factor (TanDelta) measurement" on page 35)

[Only available when the "tan delta measurement" option is activated]

Monitored withstand voltage test with and without preceding tan delta step test ("Dissip-
ation factor (TanDelta) measurement" on page 35)

Sheath test and sheath fault pinpointing according to IEC 60229 ("Sheath test / Sheath
fault location" on page 46)

Management and further processing of previous measurement activities ("Managing

and exporting measurement data" on page 56)

System settings ("Adjusting the settings" on page 59)

22 www.megger.com
Status bar
The status bar is permanently displayed at the top of the screen.

Depending on the position within the menu structure, either the system type, the currently selected
operating mode, or the currently open submenu is displayed on the left-hand edge of the status bar. In
addition to the time, the following status symbols are also displayed on the right-hand edge, indicating
certain functions or system statuses:

Symbol Description

The 'tan delta measurement' option is enabled and tan delta measurements can be
performed with the test system.

The option can be ordered at a later point at any time ("Scope of delivery and
accessories" on page 13). Activation can then be carried out independently via the
system settings ("Activating the 'TanDelta measurement' option" on page 62).

An inserted USB stick has been detected. All measurement data is automatically saved
to this USB stick.

6.2 Basic rotary encoder controls

As described in this section and later in this manual, the software can be operated entirely using rotary
encoders . Operation is also possible using the touchscreen display.

n Select the desired menu item

n Open the selected menu item
n Increase/reduce the value of a variable parameter
n Confirm the setting/selection
n Select an option from a selection list

www.megger.com 23
The following table contains a list of the main user interface controls:

Control Description

Menu item Menu items are used to select functions or adjust parameters during the measurement
process. Either the function provided by the menu item or the current value of the
parameter is displayed under the menu item.
Menu item not selected.

Current menu item that can be enabled by pressing the rotary encoder.

Menu item cannot be selected in the current system state.

Within a tab/view selection, the menu item with the red bar represents the
active tab/view.

Slider A slider always appears when a variable parameter has been opened

The lower and upper limits of the value range are displayed on the left and right edge of
the slider. The red circle marks the current value, which is also displayed numerically
directly above it.

The value can be adjusted by turning the rotary encoder and confirmed by pressing the
encoder.

In some cases, useful settings on the slider are marked with additional horizontal lines,
where the selection circle "snaps in" noticeably, simplifying and accelerating the
selection of these values.

These positions can be freely defined for the voltage setting sliders ("Adjusting the
measurement settings" on page 60).

Tickbox A tickbox is used to activate/deactivate a function or a parameter. A selected tickbox

can be activated/deactivated by pressing the rotary encoder.
Function/parameter is active

Function/parameter is not active

24 www.megger.com
 Control Description

Selection A selection can be made from a defined set of values using a selection box. Proceed
box as follows to do so:

1. Select the desired selection box by turning the rotary

encoder.

2. Press the rotary encoder to activate the selection

box.

3. Turn the rotary encoder to adjust the selection.

4. Press the rotary encoder to confirm the new

selection.

6.3 High-voltage control

Requirements for high-voltage operation

Immediately after entering an operating mode, the conditions of the safety circuit are checked continuously.
In the event that at least one condition of the safety circuit is not met, the test system denies HV readiness
for switch-on. If the system is already in HV operation when the safety circuit is triggered, it is interrupted
straight away. This causes the test object to be unloaded automatically.

A system message informs the operator of the existing deviation:

To (re)activate HV operation, the cause of the problem must first be eliminated using the information in the
following table:

Error message Cause/troubleshooting

EMERGENCY STOP button An emergency stop has been performed and the switch must be
manually unlocked once the cause of the emergency has been
eliminated. The emergency stop switches are located on the
front panel and on the external safety device.

HV Unit disabled by Interlock Key To protect the test system against unauthorised access, all high-
voltage operation was prevented by locking the key switch. The
key switch must be unlocked manually (see below).

Overtemperature in VLF Sinus Internal temperature monitoring reports an increased temper-

ature in the HV components. The system can only be put back
into operation after a sufficiently long cooling phase.

www.megger.com 25
Activating the high-voltage generator
Immediately after a measurement has been prepared and started by the operator, the green illuminated 'HV
ON' button on the front panel and the external safety device indicate the readiness for high voltage
release. By pressing the button, the earthing at the HV output is cancelled. This switching status means:
High voltage!

Switching off the high-voltage generator

If certain events occur (e.g., a breakdown in the test object, expiry of the defined test time), the system
automatically deactivates the high-voltage generator. This also occurs if a problem has been detected in the
safety circuit.

By pressing the red illuminated 'HV OFF' button on the front panel and the external safety device, HV
operation can also be interrupted manually at any time.

The measuring circuit is reliably discharged in the event of either automatic or manual shutdown.

High-voltage locking
For reasons of liability, it must be ensured that measuring systems that emit a hazardous voltage can be
secured against unauthorised access. This is made possible by the two safety key switches on the front
panel and on the external safety device.

The key switch is locked and high-voltage preparation is not possible. When locked,
the key can be removed and the system secured against unauthorised high-voltage
operation.

The key switch is unlocked and high-voltage preparation is possible, provided that
all other safety conditions are also met.

26 www.megger.com
7 Performing tests and diagnoses
Depending on the test system equipment, the following test and diagnostic modes can be called up from the
main screen:
n "Withstand voltage test" on the next page
n "Dissipation factor (TanDelta) measurement" on page 35
n "Sheath testing" on page 46
n "Sheath fault location" on page 51
n "Partial discharge diagnostics (PD measuring system required)" on page 55

www.megger.com 27
7.1 Withstand voltage test
A withstand voltage test is designed to verify the dielectric strength of newly laid and repaired cables, but
can also be periodically repeated to assess a cable's condition.

Advisable testing periods and test voltage levels vary depending on the type and age of the cable and are
specified in various standards. While a test voltage of 3 Uo is usually recommended for newly laid cables,
the values for old cables are between 1.7 and 3 Uo.

7.1.1 Preparing and starting the test

Selecting the operating mode and entering the cable number

Once the menu item in the start screen has been called up in the first step, the following submenu
opens for selecting the desired voltage form:

The following operating modes can be called up from this menu:

Menu item Description

Cable test with DC voltage

Cable test with VLF sinusoidal voltage

Cable test with trapezoidal AC voltage (square-wave voltage)

28 www.megger.com
The cable number is entered using the on-screen keyboard directly after selecting the voltage form.

Entering the cable number as accurately as possible makes it easier to assign the cable later when
reporting and archiving the measurement data record in the reporting software. If this kind of further
processing is not planned, the cable number does not have to be entered. Regardless of whether or not a
cable number has been entered, confirmation via is required.

Setting measurement parameters

When an operating mode is called up, the measuring parameters of the previous
measurement are automatically preset. This enables faster preparation of the
measurement during successive tests on cable systems of the same design.

After starting the operating mode and entering the cable number, the measuring parameters must be
specified in several consecutive steps.

All required measurement parameters and their current values are displayed at the top of the screen, with
the segment of the currently active measurement parameter marked in colour. Once this has been set as
desired, confirm the setting with to proceed to the next step. The respective segment can be tapped to
jump directly to one of the measurement parameters at any time during the workflow if, for example, a previ-
ously made setting needs to be adjusted.

www.megger.com 29
The following measurement parameters must be set before starting the test:

Parameter Description

Phases The phase selection must be made according to the actual connection situation. It
is used to uniquely assign the measurement data record during subsequent further
processing.

If multiple phases are bridged and tested simultaneously for time reasons, it is also
possible to select multiple phases. However, if anomalies or voltage breakdowns
occur during multi-phase testing, no conclusions can be drawn about which phase
is affected. In this case, the phases must be retested individually.

Test Voltage The test voltage to be set is derived from the rated voltage of the connected cable
and the guidelines to be applied for the test (e.g. recognised standards, factory
standards, customer's specifications).

Common values:
VLF test (commissioning): 3 Uo
VLF test (on old cables) 1.7 to 3 Uo
DC test (on mass-impregnated cables): 4 to 8 Uo

The type of test voltage input can be adjusted in the extended measurement
settings (see table below).

Test time The test time to be set must be selected in accordance with the applicable
guidelines (e.g. recognised standards, factory standards, customer's specific-
ations).

The setting activates continuous operation and requires manual switch-off by

the user.

Common values:
VLF test (commissioning): 15 to 60 minutes
VLF test (on old cables) 60 minutes
DC test (on mass-impregnated cables): 15 to 30 minutes

30 www.megger.com
The extended measurement settings can be called up at any time via menu item at the bottom right of
the screen. The parameters contained in this menu usually only have to be set once when the respective
operating mode is used for the first time and then remain in this setting until a new setting is made:

Parameter Description

Voltage This setting influences the way in which the test voltage is set in this operating mode.
input Choose from the following options:
RMS [Can only be selected for tests with sinusoidal voltage]

The effective value of the test voltage is set.

PEAK The peak value of the test voltage is set.
Factor This setting must be selected if the cables are always tested with a
certain multiple of their rated voltage in this operating mode (e.g.
2 Uo). The desired factor can be set directly below.

When entering the voltage itself, only the rated cable voltage Uo
must be specified; from this, the software determines the required
test voltage automatically.

Polarity [Can only be adjusted for tests with DC voltage]

Polarity of the test voltage.

Frequency [Can only be adjusted for tests with sinusoidal voltage or trapezoidal AC voltage]

Frequency of the test voltage.

The relevant standards usually recommend a test frequency of 0.1 Hz for cable tests with
VLF voltage.

As the maximum test frequency depends on the determined cable capacity and the test
voltage being applied, it may be necessary to adjust the set test frequency. The user will
be informed if this is necessary at the start of the test.

In the setting Auto, the system automatically selects the highest possible test frequency at
the start of the test and then starts the voltage preparation without further confirmation.

Starting the test

After the last measurement parameter has been confirmed, the test system prepares the measurement and
checks whether all conditions for the high-voltage release have been met. If this is not the case, the problem
identified is indicated in the display and must be rectified before starting the measurement ("High-voltage
control" on page 25).

If no problem has been identified or rectified, there are 10 seconds left to release the high voltage via the
'HV ON' button .

www.megger.com 31
A load determination is performed at the start of a test. If the load characteristics (capacity and insulation
resistance) do not permit a test to be conducted using the set test parameters, this is shown on the screen
as a system message.

For tests with sinusoidal or square-wave voltage, the system may offer to perform the test with a lower test
frequency. The test can then either be aborted or launched with an adjusted frequency. In the frequency
setting Auto, this type of adjustment is made without confirmation.

Tests with DC voltage must always be cancelled and, if possible, restarted with a lower test voltage.

7.1.2 Procedure and conclusion of the test

Test procedure
During the test, the software remains in the overview screen.

In addition to the current test voltage and the remaining test duration, this also displays the following
measured values depending on the operating mode:

Symbol Description

Insulation resistance determined at the start of the test

Load capacity determined at the start of the test

Actual test frequency (sinusoidal and square-wave mode)

Charging current (sinusoidal mode)

Leakage current (square-wave mode)

32 www.megger.com
The menu items at the bottom of the screen can also be used to call up the following views during the test if
necessary:

Menu Graph type

item

Temporal progression of test voltage and leakage current over the past 60 seconds.

In square-wave mode, the leakage current is measured once during each plateau phase. The
respective measured values are shown as red dots in the graph.

In DC mode, from a test time of approximately 90 seconds, a red arrow is also permanently
displayed in the graph, showing the trend of the measured leakage currents (current measured
value compared to the value measured after the charging process has been completed).

[Can only be called up for tests with AC voltage]

Temporal progression of the voltage and current root mean squares over the entire test
duration.

From this type of graph, short-term events (such as a short voltage drop or a leakage current
peak) can be read just as well as the long-term trend of the leakage current measured values.

Completing the test

After the defined test time has elapsed, the test is concluded automatically and the high-voltage generator
is switched off. In this case, the test is considered to have been passed.

www.megger.com 33
However, if a breakdown is detected during the test (which also aborts the test and disconnects the high-
voltage generator), further diagnostic tests and, if necessary, fault location must be carried out on the cable.
The cause of the shutdown will be displayed along with the voltage at which the surge occurred.

In addition to the stated causes for an automatic shutdown, the test can also be ended manually at any time
using the HV Off button or the buttons and switches on the front panel ("High-voltage control" on page 25).

Once the test has been completed, information about the test parameters and the cause of the shutdown is
provided again in the upper area of the screen:

The following buttons are shown at the bottom of the screen for the next steps:

Button Function

End the test and return to the menu screen.

Allows the input of a comment on the measurement.

This is saved in the measurement data record and then displayed in both the activity list and in
the reporting software ("Managing and processing measurement data" on page 56).

Displays the graphs recorded during the test (see previous table).

Export measurement data to an inserted USB stick.

If a USB stick is inserted into the device at the end of the test, the
measurement data is saved to this USB stick automatically.

Restart the test with the same test parameters.

34 www.megger.com
7.2 Dissipation factor (TanDelta) measurement
Over years of operation, the quality of power cable insulation is affected by ageing and by mechanical influ-
ences. Humidity, overloads and surges accelerate the ageing process.

As these effects result in a measurable increase in dielectric losses, the TanDelta dissipation factor is an
ideal non-destructive, established method for precise assessment of the quality and degree of ageing of
cable insulation. It can quickly detect problems such as water treeing in VPE-insulated cables or cellulose
decomposition in mass-impregnated cables to reliably identify critically ageing cables.

7.2.1 Preparing and starting the TanDelta measurement

Selecting the operating mode and entering the cable number

The following operating modes can be called up from the start screen:

Menu item Description

TanDelta step test over several adjustable voltage levels.

In this operating mode, voltage-dependent changes of the TanDelta can be observed

and sound conclusions drawn about the degree of ageing of the cable insulation.

The results of a TanDelta step test can be evaluated automatically using the relevant
standards or your own evaluation standards.

The monitored withstand test combines a standard withstand test with a simul-
taneous dissipation factor measurement. This makes it a time-saving method for the
periodic testing and status evaluation of ageing cables.

As the simple monitored withstand test remains at one voltage level over the entire
test period, no conclusions can be drawn from the measurement results concerning
the voltage-dependent change of the TanDelta values.

Step test with subsequent monitored withstand test.

This somewhat more time-consuming combination of the two above operating modes
enables both standard-compliant testing and a sound status evaluation of the cable
being investigated.

www.megger.com 35
The cable number is entered using the on-screen keyboard directly after selecting the operating mode.

Entering the cable number as accurately as possible makes it easier to assign the cable later when
reporting and archiving the measurement data record in the reporting software. If this kind of further
processing is not planned, the cable number does not have to be entered. Regardless of whether or not a
cable number has been entered, confirmation via is required.

Setting measurement parameters

When an operating mode is called up, the measuring parameters of the previous
measurement are automatically preset. This enables faster preparation of the
measurement during successive tests on cable systems of the same design.

After starting the operating mode and entering the cable number, the measuring parameters must be
specified in several consecutive steps.

All required measurement parameters and their current values are displayed at the top of the screen, with
the segment of the currently active measurement parameter marked in colour. Once this has been set as
desired, confirm the setting with to proceed to the next step. The respective segment can be tapped to
jump directly to one of the measurement parameters at any time during the workflow if, for example, a previ-
ously made setting needs to be adjusted.

36 www.megger.com
Depending on the operating mode selected, some or all of the following measuring parameters must be set
before the test is started:

Parameter Description

Phases The phase selection must be made according to the actual connection situation. It
is used to uniquely assign the measurement data record during subsequent further
processing.

In the monitored withstand test, multiple phases can be bridged and tested simul-
taneously to save time. Accordingly, it is also possible to select multiple phases.
However, if anomalies or voltage breakdowns occur during multi-phase testing, no
conclusions can be drawn about which phase is affected. In this case, the phases
must be retested individually.

Multiple phases can also be selected for the step test and the combined operating
mode. In this case, however, the test is performed sequentially (in the sequence
L1 > L2 > L3) to enable a clear assignment of the measured TanDelta values.
Once the test is completed on one phase, the software automatically prompts you
to connect to the next phase. The test can then be continued on this phase without
any further settings.

Insulation [Can only be adjusted for step test and combined operating mode]

Insulation type of the connected cable.

This is required for automatic evaluation of the measurement results. If an

automatic evaluation is desired, it must be ensured that the selected evaluation
standard contains evaluation criteria for the selected insulation type.

The selection of insulation types can be adjusted in the software settings

("Adjusting the tan delta settings" on page 63).

Voltage Uo [Can only be adjusted for step test and combined operating mode]

Rated voltage Uo of the connected test specimen as RMS value.

This value is used to calculate the voltage levels for the step test.

The maximum rated voltage setting depends both on the maximum output voltage
of the test voltage source and the set number of voltage levels (see table below).

If the rated voltage of the cable is higher than the maximum value that can be set,
the number of voltage levels must first be reduced.

The maximum rated voltage setting depends both on the maximum

output voltage of the test voltage source and the set number of
voltage levels (see table below).

If the rated voltage of the cable is higher than the maximum value
that can be set, the number of voltage levels must first be reduced.

www.megger.com 37
 Parameter Description

Test Voltage [Can only be adjusted for monitored withstand test and combined operating mode]

The test voltage to be set is derived from the guidelines to be applied for the test
(e.g. recognised standards, factory standards, customer's specifications).

Common values:
VLF test (commissioning): 3 Uo
VLF test (on old cables) 1.7 to 3 Uo

In combined operating mode, the test voltage specified here only defines the
voltage level during the final withstand test. The voltage levels of the preliminary
step test are determined from the rated cable voltage entered (see previous line).

The method of test voltage input can be adjusted in the extended measurement
settings (see table below).

Test time [Can only be adjusted for monitored withstand test and combined operating mode]

The test time to be set must be selected in accordance with the applicable
guidelines (e.g. recognised standards, factory standards, client's specifications).

The setting activates continuous operation and requires manual switch-off by

the user.

Common values:
VLF test (commissioning): 15 to 60 minutes
VLF test (on old cables) 60 minutes

In combined operating mode, the test time specified here only defines the duration
of the final withstand test. The duration of the preliminary step test is determined
by the number of voltage levels and measured values (see table below).

38 www.megger.com
The extended measurement settings can be called up at any time via menu item at the bottom right of
the screen. The parameters contained in this menu usually only have to be set once when the respective
operating mode is used for the first time and then remain in this setting until a new setting is made:

Parameter Description

Voltage [Can only be adjusted for monitored withstand test and combined operating mode]
input This setting influences the way in which the test voltage is set in this operating mode.
Choose from the following options:
RMS The effective value of the test voltage is set.
PEAK The peak value of the test voltage is set.
Factor This setting must be selected if the cables are always tested with a certain
multiple of their rated voltage (e.g. 2 Uo) n this operating mode. The
desired factor can be set directly below.

When entering the voltage itself, only the rated cable voltage Uo must be
specified; from this, the software determines the required test voltage
automatically.

Frequency Frequency of the test voltage.

A setting of 0.1 Hz is strongly recommended, as otherwise the test results will not be
evaluated automatically based on the selected evaluation standard. The conclusions
drawn in the relevant technical literature and the relevant standards also refer to measure-
ments taken using this frequency.

As the maximum test frequency depends on the determined cable capacity and the test
voltage being applied, it may be necessary to adjust the set test frequency. The user will
be informed if this is necessary at the start of the test.

In the setting Auto, the system automatically selects the highest possible test frequency at
the start of the test and then starts the voltage preparation without further confirmation.

If the capacity of the connected test specimen does not allow a measurement at 0.1 Hz
and the frequency has to be adjusted, the evaluation criteria independent of the frequency
must be given greater consideration. This includes, among other things, the deviation of
the absolute values between the phases of a cable system and changes in the measured
values with increasing voltage (Δtanδ).

Measurements with different frequencies can also be used to create a comprehensive

TanDelta spectrum and provide further information on the condition of the test specimen.

www.megger.com 39
 Parameter Description

Number of [Can only be adjusted for step test and combined operating mode]
steps Number of voltage levels (1 to 8) through which the test voltage cycles during a step test.

By default, the voltage levels start at 0.5 Uo and are increased by 0.5 Uo with each step
(step 2 = 1 Uo, step 3 = 1.5 Uo etc.). If necessary, the levels of the individual steps can
also be adjusted in the software settings ("Adjusting the tan delta settings" on page 63).

If automatic evaluation of the measurement results is desired, it must be ensured that all
the voltage levels required for the selected evaluation standard (see below) are cycled
through. For example, if the Δtanδ is calculated from the values of voltage levels 1 Uo and
2 Uo, at least four voltage levels must be cycled through.

Values per [Can only be adjusted for step test and combined operating mode]
step Number of TanDelta measured values (1 to 20) per voltage level.

If possible, at least 8 measured values should be recorded per voltage level to obtain a
calculated TanDelta mean value with good statistical certainty. The more measured
values are configured, the more reliable the mean value. However, this also increases the
load on the test specimen. As the objective is to apply a non-destructive diagnostic
method, the number of measured values should be set as low as possible, especially at
high test voltages (8 to 10 values are recommended).

Standard The evaluation standard to be used for automatic evaluation of the measurement results.
If no automatic evaluation is desired, the setting None must be selected.
Established evaluation standards are stored in the software ex works. If required, user-
defined evaluation standards with their own evaluation thresholds can also be imported
via the software settings ("Managing tan delta evaluation standards" on page 63).

Starting the test

After the last measurement parameter has been confirmed, the calculated voltage levels (only with step test
and combined operating mode) and the current connected test object phase have to be confirmed. The test
system then prepares the measurement and checks whether all conditions for the high-voltage release
have been met. If this is not the case, the problem identified is indicated in the display and must be rectified
before starting the measurement ("High-voltage control" on page 25).

If no problem has been identified or rectified, there are 10 seconds left to release the high voltage via the
'HV ON' button .

A load determination is performed at the start of a test. If the load characteristics (capacity and insulation
resistance) do not permit a test to be conducted using the set test parameters, this is shown on the screen
as a system message.

40 www.megger.com
If this is possible, performance of the test with a lower test frequency is offered. The test can then either be
aborted or launched with an adjusted frequency. In the frequency setting Auto, this type of adjustment is
made without confirmation.

If the test is performed with a frequency that deviates from 0.1 Hz, the measurement
results cannot be evaluated automatically.

7.2.2 Procedure and conclusion of the TanDelta measurement

Test procedure
During the test, the software remains in the overview screen.

In addition to the current test voltage and the remaining test duration (or the remaining measured values in
the step test), this also displays the following measured values:

Symbol Description

Insulation resistance determined at the start of the test

Load capacity determined at the start of the test

Actual test frequency (sinusoidal and square-wave mode)

Last measured TanDelta value in exponential notation (10-3).

www.megger.com 41
The menu items at the bottom of the screen can also be used to call up the following views during the test if
necessary:

Menu Graph type

item

Temporal progression of the test voltage and the TanDelta values over the past 60 seconds.

Temporal progression of the RMS value of the test voltage and the measured TanDelta values
over the entire test duration.

Tabular overview of the last 6 TanDelta measured values.

You can scroll up or down through the table by turning the rotary encoder or using a swipe
gesture.

Changing the phase during the test

If multiple phases have been selected and there was no breakdown during the current phase test, the
system automatically prompts for the next phase after the voltage levels have been cycled through or the
test time has elapsed.

In this case, the electrical connection must be adjusted accordingly, taking into account the five safety rules
("Safety instructions" on page 8).

After changing the phase, activate the high-voltage generator once more.

42 www.megger.com
Completing the test
After testing all selected phases, the high voltage is switched off. In this case, the test is deemed to have
been passed regardless of the measured TanDelta values.

However, if a breakdown is detected during the test (which also aborts the test and disconnects the high-
voltage generator), further diagnostic tests and, if necessary, fault location must be carried out on the cable.
The cause of the shutdown will be displayed along with the voltage at which the surge occurred.

In addition to the stated causes for an automatic shutdown, the test can also be ended manually at any time
using the HV Off button or the buttons and switches on the front panel ("High-voltage control" on page 25).

After the measurement has been completed, the top part of the screen shows whether the test has been
passed successfully or whether a breakdown occurred during the test.

In the step test and combined operating mode, the recommended actions derived from the TanDelta
measured values are also displayed in the right-hand area of the screen (if all criteria for an automatic evalu-
ation have been met).

The following buttons are shown at the bottom of the screen for the next steps:

Button Function

End the test and return to the menu screen.

Allows the input of a comment on the measurement.

This is saved in the measurement data record and then displayed in both the activity list and in
the reporting software ("Managing and processing measurement data" on page 56).

Following a monitored withstand test, the graphs recorded during the test (see previous table)
can be viewed again using this button.

Following a step test and combined operating mode, this button can be used to call up
additional graphs for analysing the voltage-dependent change in the measured values
("Analysing and evaluating the step test measurement results" on the next page).

Export measurement data to an inserted USB flash drive.

If a USB flash drive is inserted into the device at the end of the test, the
measurement data is saved to this USB flash drive automatically.

Restart the test with the same test parameters.

www.megger.com 43
7.2.3 Analysing and evaluating the step test measurement results

Following a TanDelta step test, the button can be used to call up additional graphs to enable a detailed
analysis and evaluation of the measurement results. The individual graphs are called up using the buttons
at the bottom of the screen.

If there is no time for analysis of the measurement results immediately after the
measurement, the graphs can also be reloaded at a later time or the analysis can be
carried out using the reporting software MeggerBook on the PC ("Managing and
processing measurement data" on page 56).

Trend graph

The button can be used to call up the trend graph of the average TanDelta values, which is ideal for
manually identifying any conspicuous large changes between the individual voltage steps.

In addition, this graph can also be used to identify problems in the insulation of individual conductors. As a
rule, all three conductors are subject to the same conditions. They have the same number of fittings and are
subject to the same environmental influences. Taking measurements quickly can also ensure approx-
imately uniform cable temperatures. Consequently, the mean values of the three phases should be almost
identical. Clear upwards deviations indicate that the phase in question is in poorer condition.

44 www.megger.com
Evaluation graphs for the individual phases
[Only available if an automatic evaluation was able to be performed and the respective phase was
measured]

The L1, L2 and L3 buttons can be used to call up the evaluation graphs for the individual phases.

The following three evaluation criteria are taken into account when evaluating the measurement results:

Criterion Description

Avg. TD Average value of the measured tan delta values at a specific voltage level.

σ Standard deviation for a specific voltage level.

Standard deviation is a measure of the scatter of individual tan delta values around the
mean value of the level in question.

Δtanδ Difference between the averages of two specific voltage levels.

The Δtanδ reflects the voltage dependence of the measured values and is the most
important criterion for making a meaningful evaluation of the insulation condition.

The thresholds and the voltage levels result from the set evaluation standard ("Managing tan delta evalu-
ation standards" on page 63). The position of the white triangle above the respective bar indicates whether
the selected evaluation standard classified the value determined for this measurement as normal (green),
conspicuous (yellow), or critical (red).

The recommended action for the respective phase is displayed below the graph and always follows the
worst-rated criterion:

Recommended action Description

no action required For all three criteria, normal values were identified and the cable should
continue to be tested at the usual test interval.

further study advised An unusual value was identified for at least one evaluation criterion.
Further tests should be conducted on the cable in the medium-term.

action required A critical value was identified for at least one evaluation criterion. Further
tests and, if necessary, repairs to the cable should be carried out immedi-
ately.

www.megger.com 45
7.3 Sheath test / Sheath fault location

7.3.1 Sheath testing

Sheath testing provides information on the installation quality of the cable itself and its fittings. While sheath
testing should be mandatory after new installations or repairs, it can certainly make sense to repeat the test
regularly.

Testing can be carried out using a negative DC voltage of up to 20 kV, which also allows cables with thicker
outer sheaths (such as cables with a rated voltage of 230 kV) to be tested. If a voltage breakdown occurs
during a sheath test or if the measured leakage currents indicate a sheath fault, you can start pinpointing
the sheath fault immediately after the test ("Sheath fault location" on page 51).

7.3.1.1 Preparing and starting the sheath test

Selecting the operating mode and entering the cable number

The operating mode is called up directly from the start menu using > .

The cable number is entered using the on-screen keyboard directly after calling up the operating mode.

Entering the cable number as accurately as possible makes it easier to assign the cable later when
reporting and archiving the measurement data record in the reporting software. If this kind of further
processing is not planned, the cable number does not have to be entered. Regardless of whether or not a
cable number has been entered, confirmation via is required.

Setting measurement parameters

When an operating mode is called up, the measuring parameters of the previous
measurement are automatically preset. This enables faster preparation of the
measurement during successive tests on cable systems of the same design.

46 www.megger.com
After starting the operating mode and entering the cable number, the measuring parameters must be
specified in several consecutive steps.

All required measurement parameters and their current values are displayed at the top of the screen, with
the segment of the currently active measurement parameter marked in colour. Once this has been set as
desired, confirm the setting with to proceed to the next step. The respective segment can be tapped to
jump directly to one of the measurement parameters at any time during the workflow if, for example, a previ-
ously made setting needs to be adjusted.

The following measurement parameters must be set before starting the test:

Parameter Description

Phases The phase selection must be made according to the actual connection situation. It
is used to uniquely assign the measurement data record during subsequent further
processing.

If multiple phases are bridged and tested simultaneously for time reasons, it is also
possible to select multiple phases. However, if anomalies or voltage breakdowns
occur during multi-phase testing, no conclusions can be drawn about which phase
is affected. In this case, the phases must be retested individually.

Test Voltage The test voltage to be set is derived from the guidelines to be applied for the test
(e.g. recognised standards, factory standards, client's specifications).

Common values:
PVC cable ≤3 kV
Medium-voltage PE cable ≤5 kV
High-voltage PE cable ≤10 kV

Test time The test duration can be specified within a range of 1 to 15 minutes. In relevant
standards, the test duration of sheath testing is specified at 1 to 5 minutes
depending on the cable type.

www.megger.com 47
The extended measurement settings can be called up at any time via menu item at the bottom right of
the screen. The parameters contained in this menu usually only have to be set once when the respective
operating mode is used for the first time and then remain in this setting until a new setting is made:

Parameter Description

Ramp Switching between manual and automatic voltage increase.

mode In the setting Auto, the test system immediately starts voltage preparation after the high-
voltage release and automatically charges the test object to the set upper limit.

In the setting Manual, the voltage must be raised using the rotary encoder. This enables a
gradual increase, facilitating, for example, the evaluation of sudden current fluctuations.

Starting the test

After the last measurement parameter has been confirmed, the test system prepares the measurement and
checks whether all conditions for the high-voltage release have been met. If this is not the case, the problem
identified is indicated in the display and must be rectified before starting the measurement ("High-voltage
control" on page 25).

If no problem has been identified or rectified, there are 10 seconds left to release the high voltage via the
'HV ON' button .

7.3.1.2 Procedure and conclusion of the sheath test

Test procedure
In automatic mode, voltage preparation starts automatically immediately after the high voltage release. If
the manual voltage setting has been activated instead, the desired voltage must first be set and confirmed
via menu item U.

During the test, the software remains in the graph screen.

48 www.megger.com
From a test time of approximately 90 seconds, a red arrow is also permanently displayed in the graph,
which shows the trend of the measured leakage current (current measured value compared to the value
measured after the charging process has been completed).

The view can be switched to the overview screen using the button. In addition to the current test voltage,
this also shows the present measured leakage current value.

Completing the test

After the defined test time has elapsed, the test is concluded automatically and the high-voltage generator
is switched off. In this case, the test is considered to have been passed.

If a breakdown occurs during the test or if the measured leakage current values are above the limit values
specified by the cable owner, further diagnostic tests must be carried out on the cable and, if necessary, the
fault must be localised.

In addition to being shut down automatically in the event of a breakdown, the test can also be ended
manually at any time using the HV Off button or the buttons and switches on the front panel ("High-voltage
control" on page 25).

Once the test has been completed, information about the test parameters and the cause of the shutdown is
provided again in the upper area of the screen:

www.megger.com 49
The following buttons are shown at the bottom of the screen for the next steps:

Button Function

End the test and return to the menu screen.

Allows the input of a comment on the measurement.

This is saved in the measurement data record and then displayed in both the activity list and in
the reporting software ("Managing and processing measurement data" on page 56).

Displays current and voltage curve for the last minute before shutdown.

Export measurement data to an inserted USB flash drive.

If a USB flash drive is inserted into the device at the end of the test, the
measurement data is saved to this USB flash drive automatically.

Restart the test with the same test parameters.

50 www.megger.com
7.3.2 Sheath fault location

Introduction
During the sheath fault location, DC current pulses are injected into the earth-faulted shield at an adjustable
pulse rate.

With each injected pulse, the current flowing into the earth around the exit point (fault location in the sheath)
forms a discharge voltage pattern, the centre of which can be located precisely using an earth leakage
detector and the accompanying earth spikes (step voltage method).

Selecting the operating mode and entering the cable number

The operating mode is called up directly from the start menu using > .

The cable number is entered using the on-screen keyboard directly after calling up the operating mode.

Entering the cable number as accurately as possible makes it easier to assign the cable later when
reporting and archiving the measurement data record in the reporting software. If this kind of further
processing is not planned, the cable number does not have to be entered. Regardless of whether or not a
cable number has been entered, confirmation via is required.

Setting measurement parameters

When an operating mode is called up, the measuring parameters of the previous
measurement are automatically preset. This enables faster preparation of the
measurement during successive tests on cable systems of the same design.

www.megger.com 51
After starting the operating mode and entering the cable number, the measuring parameters must be
specified in several consecutive steps.

All required measurement parameters and their current values are displayed at the top of the screen, with
the segment of the currently active measurement parameter marked in colour. Once this has been set as
desired, confirm the setting with to proceed to the next step. The respective segment can be tapped to
jump directly to one of the measurement parameters at any time during the workflow if, for example, a previ-
ously made setting needs to be adjusted.

The following measurement parameters must be set before starting the test:

Parameter Description

Phases The faulty phase of the test object must be selected via the phase selection
according to the actual connection situation. The selection is used to uniquely
assign the measurement data record during subsequent processing.

Test Voltage The output voltage to be set is derived from the guidelines to be applied for the test
(e.g. recognised standards, factory standards, client's specifications).

Common values:
PVC cable ≤3 kV
Medium-voltage PE cable ≤5 kV
High-voltage PE cable ≤10 kV

Duty Cycle Timing the DC pulse.

Timing is specified as the ratio of pulse duration to pause duration (both in

seconds).

Example: At a clock rate of 1:3, each 1 second DC pulse is followed by a 3 second

pause before the next pulse.

52 www.megger.com
The extended measurement settings can be called up at any time via menu item at the bottom right of
the screen. The parameters contained in this menu usually only have to be set once when the respective
operating mode is used for the first time and then remain in this setting until a new setting is made:

Parameter Description

Ramp Switching between manual and automatic voltage increase.

mode In the setting Auto, the test system immediately starts voltage preparation after the high-
voltage release and automatically charges the test object to the set upper limit.

In the setting Manual, the voltage must be raised using the rotary encoder.

Locating faults

WARNING

Risk of electric shock

Protect the measuring system and its surroundings against access by unauthorised
persons.

The safety of the measuring system in operation must be ensured permanently by the
person responsible for the work in accordance with the applicable safety regulations
and guidelines, including during line and fault location!

After setting the measurement parameters, proceed as follows to locate the sheath fault:

1. Confirm the measurement parameter setting with .

Result: The test system prepares the measurement and checks whether all conditions for the high-
voltage release have been met. If this is not the case, the problem identified is indicated in the
display and must be rectified before starting the measurement ("High-voltage control" on page 25).
2. Press the green 'HV ON' button.
Result: In automatic mode, voltage preparation starts automatically immediately after the high
voltage release. If the manual voltage setting has been activated instead, the desired voltage must
first be set and confirmed via menu item U. When the DC pulses are injected, the current and voltage
curve is displayed in the graph.

www.megger.com 53
 3. Locate the sheath fault using an earth fault locator (e.g. ESG NT2).

Detailed instructions on operating the earth fault locator can be found in the
appropriate operating instructions.

4. After completing the troubleshooting, end the measurement using the HV Off button or the buttons
and switches on the front panel.

54 www.megger.com
7.4 Partial discharge diagnostics (PD measuring system required)
When combined with a suitable PD measuring system, the test system can also be used for standard partial
discharge diagnostics ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on page 13). A notebook equipped with the
required software is used to control the system and evaluate the measurement results.

Detailed information on the electrical connection and on performing partial discharge

diagnostics can be found in the operating manual of the PD measuring system used.

www.megger.com 55
8 Managing and processing measurement data

8.1 Managing and exporting measurement data

The button can be used to call up an overview of previous measurement activities directly from the
start screen.

Navigation within the activity list

The measurement data records are grouped in chronological order, the designation of which provides
information about the type of measurements taken and the name of the cable tested.

Consecutive measurements are stored in the same directory until either a different
cable name is specified before the start of the measurement or the test system is
switched off. Normally, all measurements performed on a cable one after the other are
therefore combined in one directory.

The desired directory can be selected by turning the rotary encoder. Tap the button to open the
directory currently selected.

This makes all measurement data records contained in this directory and the associated metadata (time,
operating mode, phase, voltage and comment by tester) visible.

56 www.megger.com
Selecting measurement data records
To export or manage certain measurement data records, the entries must first be selected. To do this, first
select the desired measurement data record by turning the rotary encoder and then select it by pressing the
rotary encoder. A selected entry is indicated by an activated tickbox.

The following applies when selecting measurement data records:

n Several entries can be selected from the list (including across different directories).
n Selecting a directory and then pressing the rotary encoder allows all entries contained in this
directory to be selected.

Search by cable number

A cable number search can be carried out using the menu item to quickly find previous measurements
of a specific cable, for example. After a search string has been entered and confirmed, the displayed
measurements are narrowed down to those cables that have the string in their name.

Exporting and managing selected measurement data records

Once at least one measurement record has been selected, the following actions are offered at the bottom of
the screen:

Symbol Action

Deletes the selected measurement data records.

[Only available if exactly one measurement data record is selected]

Calls up the completion screen of the selected measurement again, including the most
important measured values and graphs. In this way, the comment of the inspector and
the nane of the cable under test can also be changed again.

Exports selected measurement data to an inserted USB flash drive.

www.megger.com 57
8.2 Archiving measurement data and creating a report
After the desired measurement data has been exported ("Managing and exporting measurement data" on
page 56), it can easily be imported into the reporting software MeggerBook on a Windows PC following the
measurement job and summarised in a report. Depending on the version of the reporting software, the
following functions are available:

MeggerBook Lite MeggerBook

Included in delivery Full version

Item number: 2015875

Analysis of measurement data ■ ■

using practical tools

Creation of a report based on ■ ■

highly customisable report
templates

Creation and maintenance of a ■

cable database

Archiving of measurement activ- ■

ities in the database of the
respective cable

58 www.megger.com
9 Adjusting the settings
The button can be used to call up the settings menu directly from the start screen, which is divided into
the following categories:

Menu item Description

Various information about the test system hardware and software

Submenu with various software settings ("Adjusting the software settings" below)

Submenu with various measurement settings ("Adjusting the measurement settings"

on the next page)

Submenu with all settings relevant for the data transfer (Datenüber-
tragungseinstellungen anpassen)

Administration menu with advanced system settings ("Adjusting the extended

settings" on page 61)

Password-protected service menu

9.1 Adjusting the software settings

The following software settings can be performed in the settings menu > :

Parameter Description

Layout Switches between the bright and dark user interface layout.

Language Option Select the menu language.

Brightness Set the display brightness.

Date and Time Set the date, time and time zone.

It is particularly important for the time zone to be set correctly

if the tests carried out with the test system are to be trans-
ferred to the reporting software MeggerBook. Only if the time
zone is set correctly can it be ensured that the time of the
measurement is also specified correctly in the reporting
software (regardless of the time zone of the Windows PC).

Date Format Select the desired date format.

Time Format Switch between 12-hour and 24-hour display.

www.megger.com 59
9.2 Adjusting the measurement settings

The following measurement settings can be made in the settings menu > :

Parameter Description

Phase name L1 The standard phase designations (L1, L2 and L3) can be adapted as
required via these text fields. The length of the phase designation is
Phase name L2
limited to 2 characters.
Phase name L3

Test voltage snaps Define snap-in points for the voltage selection sliders.

Nominal voltage snaps Here, test voltage levels or cable nominal voltages that have to be set
particularly frequently in everyday work should be chosen.

To define a snap-in point, the circle must be shifted to the desired value.

Once the setting has been made, the modified snap-in points must be
saved using Confirm.

During voltage selection, a noticeable "click" takes place at these

positions, simplifying and accelerating the selection of these values. In
addition, the values on the slider are marked with small horizontal lines.

60 www.megger.com
9.3 Adjusting the extended settings

> takes you to a submenu with extended functions and settings that should only be used or
adjusted by authorised individuals familiar with their effects.

Accordingly, the menu is also protected with a password that is set to ADMIN at the time of delivery, but can
also be changed if necessary (see below).

The following functions and settings are available:

Menu Description
item

View, export and delete the system log.

The system log stores all relevant system operations that could provide helpful information
about the cause of the problem when troubleshooting.

So that the data can be quickly forwarded to the service employees involved in the event of
device malfunctions, the entire log can be exported to a USB flash drive via the button.

The system log can be downloaded using the button.

Activating the optional 'TanDelta measurement' function ("Activating the 'TanDelta

measurement' option" on the next page).

Change access password.

This menu item can be used to change the password for accessing the extended settings. To do
this, the new password must be entered twice in the displayed text fields and then saved using
.

File Explorer for installing firmware updates ("Updating the firmware" on the next page).

Submenu for managing extended TanDelta measurement settings and TanDelta evaluation
standards.

Further information:
n "Adjusting the tan delta settings" on page 63
n "Managing tan delta evaluation standards" on page 63

Reset to default values.

Pressing this button resets all system, measurement, and admin settings as well as the admin-
istrator password to the factory settings.

Once the desired changes have been made, password protection must be reactivated using the button.
Otherwise, the menu remains freely accessible until the system is restarted.

www.megger.com 61
9.3.1 Activating the 'TanDelta measurement' option
For systems without the 'TanDelta measurement' option, this can be activated later. To activate the option,
the required licence must first be purchased ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on page 13). Once the
licence has been purchased, a licence key is provided in writing and as a key file.

In the settings menu > > the licence key can either be entered manually using the on-screen
keyboard or imported via a key file. To import the key file, the file provided must first be copied to a USB
stick and this must be inserted into the USB port of the test system. Pressing the button USB searches the
USB stick for the file and the activation is carried out automatically if a file with a suitable licence key has
been found.

The name of the key file must not be changed and must match the hardware ID of the
test system.

9.3.2 Updating the firmware

The latest version of the firmware can be downloaded at any time from the Megger website (Support section
> Software).

Use the following procedure to update the software of the test system:

1. Unzip or copy the firmware image (*.img) and the associated checksum file (*.crc) to any
directory on a USB stick. Make sure that both files have the same name.
2. Switch on the test system.
3. Insert the USB stick into the USB port on the front panel.

4. Open the menu > > .

5. Navigate to and select the directory containing the image file.

6. Select to confirm that you wish to perform the update.

Result: The update is performed. Do not turn off the test system during the update! After the update,
the test system will restart automatically.

62 www.megger.com
9.3.3 Adjusting the tan delta settings

The following extended tan delta measurement settings can be adjusted in the settings menu > >
:

Parameter Description

TanDelta resolution Switches the resolution (10-5 or 10-6) for tan delta measurements .

Insulation Pre-selection of insulation types.

This menu item can be used to limit the number of insulation types available
for selection in preparation for a tan delta step test.

To speed up the selection, only the types of insulation that can actually occur
in everyday measuring operations should be marked with a .

TanDelta Steps Definition of the voltage levels for the individual voltage steps of a step test.

This menu item can be used to adjust the voltage levels (as a multiple of Uo)
for the individual voltage steps to your own requirements and guidelines.

In practice, a voltage increase of 0.5 Uo between two steps has proven to be

practical.

In the following sample configuration, a step test over 6 voltage steps would
begin at 0.5 Uo and end at 3.0 Uo:

9.3.4 Managing tan delta evaluation standards

In the settings menu > > , the evaluation standards currently available on the test system are
displayed at the bottom of the screen. Two standards are already stored ex works; these follow the recom-
mendations of IEEE 400.2.

www.megger.com 63
Importing in-house evaluation standards
Using the reporting software MeggerBook Lite included in the scope of delivery, it is possible to create evalu-
ation standards with own limit values and then distribute these standards to all test systems to ensure a
uniform evaluation of the measurement results. Proceed as follows to do so:

1. Use the reporting software MeggerBook to create a standard with your evaluation limits and export it
to a USB stick.

Detailed information on the procedure can be found in the software help pages.

Of course, existing standards can also be exported and transferred from other test systems.

2. Insert the USB stick with the evaluation standard into the USB port on the front panel.

3. Open the menu item.

4. Navigate to the directory of the USB stick in which the evaluation standard is located.

5. Select the file (*.tds) and confirm the prompt with to perform the import.

Exporting evaluation standards

Proceed as follows to export evaluation standards and, for example, transfer them to another test system:

1. Insert the USB stick with the evaluation standard into the USB port on the front panel.
2. From the list of available evaluation standards, select the standards you wish to export and mark
them by pressing the rotary encoder.

3. Open the menu item.

Result: All selected standards are stored in the directory tanDelta on the inserted USB stick
(Verbindungs- und Datenträgereinstellungen anpassen).

Deleting evaluation standards

Proceed as follows to delete evaluation standards:

1. From the list of available evaluation standards, select the standards you wish to delete and mark
them by pressing the rotary encoder.

Factory pre-installed evaluation standards cannot be deleted.

2. Open the menu item.

Result: All selected standards are deleted.

64 www.megger.com
10 Switching off the test system and disconnecting it
from the test object
Once the measurements have been completed and the analogue voltage display no longer signals any
residual voltage, the test system can be switched off by pressing the on/off button .

To dismantle, use the same method as for connecting ("Electrical connection" on page 17) but in reverse
order. The safety instructions below must be observed.

WARNING

Risk of electric shock

n The five safety rules must be followed ("Safety instructions" on page 8).
n Even if properly switched off and discharged with the discharging device, system
components that have been energised should only be touched if they have been
discharged with a suitable discharging rod and earthed and short-circuited.
n Do not remove the earthing and short circuit until the test object is to be put back
into operation.

www.megger.com 65
11 Maintenance, storage and transport

Repair and maintenance

Repairs and maintenance work may only be carried out by Megger itself or by authorised service partners
using original spare parts. Megger recommends that the system be checked and serviced once every two
years at a Megger service centre.

Megger also offers on-site service to its customers. If necessary, please contact your local service centre.

The connections and connecting lines of the system must be regularly checked for integrity and the
absence of damage in accordance with the applicable national and company agreements.

Replace fuses
If the device cannot be switched on when the mains supply is connected, check the two fuses below the
mains socket . To do this, the fuse holder must be pulled out.

In the event of a fault, the fuses must be replaced by suitable fine-wire fuses (5 x 20 mm) of type T16 A.

If the fuses are triggered repeatedly, please contact an authorised service centre to have the fault rectified.

Behaviour in the event of continuous faults

In the event of damage, irregularity or faults that cannot be rectified using the instructions in this manual, the
system must be immediately taken out of service and marked accordingly. Please contact the Megger
service team immediately to rectify the fault. The system must not be put back into operation until the fault
has been rectified.

Transportation
The device must only be lifted and carried in an upright position using the carry handles provided on the
side. Other parts of the device, such as the accessory bag or connection cables, are unable to withstand the
forces that occur when the device is lifted and could therefore break or tear off.

For maximum convenience and safety during transportation, we recommend using the optional transport
box with rollers ("Scope of delivery and accessories" on page 13).

Storage
If the appliance is not used for a long period of time, it should be stored in a dust-free and dry environment.
Persistent humidity, especially in combination with dust, can reduce critical insulation gaps that are
essential for safe high-voltage operation.

66 www.megger.com
Sales contact
Megger Germany GmbH
Dr.-Herbert-Iann-Strasse 6
06148 Baunach
Germany
T. +49 (0) 9544 68 - 0
E. team.dach@megger.com

Production sites
Megger Limited Megger Germany GmbH Megger Germany GmbH
Archcliffe Road Dr.-Herbert-Iann-Strasse 6 Röderaue 41
Dover, Kent CT17 9EN 06148 Baunach 01471 Radeburg
United Kingdom Germany Germany
T. +44 (0)1 304 502101 T. +49 (0) 9544 68 - 0 T. +49 (0) 35208 84 – 0
E. uksales@megger.com E. team.dach@megger.com E. team.dach@megger.com

Megger Sweden AB Megger Baker Instruments Megger

Rinkebyvägen 19 4812 McMurry Ave., Suite 100 4545 West Davis Street
182 36 Danderyd Fort Collins, CO 80525 Dallas, TX 75211
Sweden United States United States
T. +46 8 510 195 00 T. +1 970-282-1200 T. +1 800-723-2861 ext. 6000
E. seinfo@megger.com E. baker.sales@megger.com E. usasales@megger.com

Megger is a registered trademark.

The Bluetooth® word mark and the associated symbol and logos are registered trademarks of Bluetooth
SIG, Inc. and any use of these labels is under licence.

© Megger Germany GmbH www.megger.com