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ROUTING and Switching

ROUTING and Switching cisco

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Ikram Sebabiban
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69 views62 pages

ROUTING and Switching

ROUTING and Switching cisco

Uploaded by

Ikram Sebabiban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENSPTI C SCI ENTI FI C CL UB

ROUTING &
SWITCHING
Created and prestented by : SEBABIBANE Ikram
WHAT'S A
COMPUTER
Group of components or devices
NETWORK ?
which are connected together to give
the user a certain service (application).
NETWORK COMPONENTS
End devices : servers and hosts.
Network Devices : devices that interconnect different
computers together (hub-switch-router-acces point-firewall).
Connectivity : media that physically connect the computers
and network devices (metallic wires-fiber optic –Wireless).
NETWORK TYPES
LAN (Local Area Network): It is a group of network components
03 that work
within small area. It characterized by high data speeds (up to 10Gbps)
using: Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, GigaEthernet,..
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): It is a group of LANs that are
interconnected within small area. It characterized by very high data
speeds (up to 40Gbps).
01
WAN (Wide Area Network): It is a group of LANs that are interconnected
within large area. It characterized by slow data speeds (up to 155Mbps &
622Mbps ) using: analog dial-up, digital dial-up, leased lines, DSL, Frame,..)
OSI MODEL

------------------------
DATA

Segment

packet

frame
signal
OSI MODEL
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model is a
fundamental reference for understanding how networks work.
Physical and Link Layers:
Hardware bit transmission functions.
Management of access to physical media.
Network layer:
Packet routing and forwarding.
Logical addresses (e.g.: IP addresses).
Transport layer:
Data flow management.
Error checking and retransmission.
OSI MODEL
Session Layer:
Establishment, management, and closure of sessions.
Data synchronization.
Presentation layer:
Data translation between application and network.
Compression/decompression, encryption/decryption.
Application layer:
Direct interactions with users and software.
Application-specific protocols (e.g. HTTP, FTP).
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF SWITCHING?
Switching means that the device (router or switch) receive
the data on a certain port (Interface) and forwards it to
appropriate port (Interface) transparently without caring
about how to reach the final end, just care about who is
the next hop, so it is a layer 2 action
LAYER 2 DEVICES
A layer 2 device is a device that understand MAC for ex:

NIC (Network Interface Card).


Bridge : max. 16 port.
Switch: a multi-port bridge up to 576 port
(faster than bridge)
TYPE OF ETHERNET COMMUNICATIONS
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCH FORWARDING OPERATION
SWITCHING MODES
THE ROLE OF VLANS IN A CONVERGED NETWORK
BENEFITS OF A VLAN
VLAN CONFIGURATION
How to create a VLAN
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name student
How to put an interface as an access mode
Switch(config)#int fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport acces vlan 1
Show switch VLAN
Switch#show vlan
LAB1
WHAT ARE TRUNKS ?

trunk is a point-to-point link between two network devices that


carries more than one VLAN. A VLAN trunk allows you to extend
the VLANs across an entire network.

One benefit of trunks is that it can be used as one link instead of


using multiple access links to communicate between switches.
WHAT ARE TRUNKS ?
TRUNK LINKS PROTOCOLS
TRUNK LINKS PROTOCOLS
TRUNKING WITH ISL
Add a Is a Cisco proprietary
protocol.
Supports PVST.
Uses an encapsulation process.
Does not modify the original
frame bit of body text
TRUNKING WITH 802.1Q
An IEEE standard.
Adds a 4-byte tag to the
original frame.
Does not tag frames that
belong to the native VLAN
Supports Cisco IP
telephony.
TRUNK CONFIGURATION
How to put interface as trunk mode
Switch(config)#int fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Show interfaces trunk
Switch#show interfaces trunk
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan 10-30
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan except 10
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10
Useful for troubleshooting
Switch#show running-config
LAB2
INTERVLAN ROUTING USING ROUTER

LAB3
INTERVLAN ROUTING USING ROUTER
INTERVLAN ROUTING CONFIGURATION
Switch(config)#int fastEthernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Router(config)#int G0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config)#int g0/0.10
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#int g0/0.20
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20
Router(config-subif)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
LAB4
INTERVLAN USING MULTILAYER SWITCH
INTERVLAN MULTILAYER SWITCH CONFIGURATION
Switch(config)#int vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#ip add 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#no sh

Switch(config)#int vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#ip add 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#no sh

Switch(config)#int vlan 30
Switch(config-if)#ip add 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Switch(config-if)#no sh

Switch(config)#ip routing LAB5


REDUNDANCY ISSUES
REDUNDANCY ISSUES
REDUNDANCY ISSUES
REDUNDANCY ISSUES

STP has placed some switch ports in forwarding


state and other switch ports in blocking state.

This is to prevent loops in the Layer 2 network.

STP will only use a redundant link if there is a


failure on the primary link.
USING SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL
SPANNING TREE OPERATION

One root bridge


per network.
One root port per
nonroot bridge.
One designated
port per segment.
Nondesignated
ports are
blocking
DEFINITIONS OF EACH PORT ROLE
Root Port: The root port exists on non-root bridges. Root ports
forward traffic toward the root bridge. Only one root port is allowed
per bridge.

Designated Port: The designated port exists on root and non-root


bridges,
-For root bridges, all switch ports are designated ports.
-For non-root bridges, a designated port is the switch
port that receives and forwards frames toward the root
bridge as needed. Only one designated port is allowed
per segment.
DEFINITIONS OF EACH PORT ROLE

Non-designated Port: The non-designated port is a switch port


that is blocked, so it is not forwarding data frames. A non-
designated port is not a root port or a designated port.

Disabled Port: The disabled port is a switch port that is


administratively shut down. A disabled port does not function in
the spanning-tree process.
HOW STP SELECT THE ROOT PORT?
Secondly : choose
one root port for
every non-root
bridge
• the lowest cost
path to the root
bridge
• The lowest sender
BID
HOW STP CHOOSE THE DESIGNATED
& BLOCKED PORTS ?

Thirdly : choose designated ports, one designated port per


segment and all ports of Root Bridge are designated ports :
• The lowest switch path cost to root Bridge
• The lowest switch BID

Fourthly : other ports are blocked


WHAT IS THE BPDU?

The Bridge (switch) Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is the


frame exchanged between switches to exchange STP
data and do election of root bridge and another
parameters
STP PORT STATES
Blocking : The port is a non-designated
port and does not participate in frame
forwarding. The port receives BPDU frames
to determine the location and root ID of the
root bridge switch and what port roles each
switch port should assume in the final
active STP topology.
STP PORT STATES
Listening : STP has determined that the port can
participate in frame forwarding according to the BPDU
frames that the switch has received thus far. At this
point, the switch port is not only receiving BPDU
frames, it is also transmitting its own BPDU frames
and informing adjacent switches that the switch port
is preparing to participate in the active topology.
STP PORT STATES
Learning : The port prepares to participate in frame
forwarding and begins to populate the MAC address
table by learning the source MACs in received frame
but doesn’t forward frames.
Forwarding : The port is considered part of the active
topology and forwards frames and also sends and
receives BPDU frames.
STP PORT STATES
Disabled : The Layer 2 port does not participate in
spanning tree and does not forward frames. The
disabled state is set when the switch port is
administratively shutdown
SPANNING TREE TIMERS
SPANNING TREE VERSIONS
IMPLEMENT PVST+ IN A LAN
CONFIGURATION PVST+
RAPID SPANNING TREE
SPANNING TREE PORTS STATES
RAPID SPANNING TREE PORTS STATES

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