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Seminar: Surya A M Roll No: 20

BASICS

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25 views

Seminar: Surya A M Roll No: 20

BASICS

Uploaded by

kunjukunjuzz904
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMINAR

Surya A M
Roll No : 20
1
ABSTRACT

Domain name system (DNS) is a foundational element of internet protocol (IP)


communications. The global DNS is effectively a distributed hierarchical database.
Each "dot" in a domain name indicates a boundary between tiers in the hierarchy, with
each name in between dots denoted as a label. To illustrate how domain information
is organized and how a DNS server leverages this hierarchical data structure, this
chapter gives an example name resolution. It includes a discussion regarding the
distinction between zones and domains. DNS does require some basic client
configuration prior to use.

2
INTRODUCTION

A Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component of the Internet infrastructure


that plays a fundamental role in connecting users to websites, services, and resources
across the World Wide Web. It is essentially the “phone book” of the internet,
translating user-friendly domain names (like www.example.com) into numerical IP
addresses (such as 192.0.2.1) that computers and network devices use to locate one
another on the internet.

3
DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

• DNS stands for Domain Name System.


• DNS is a directory service that provides a mapping between the name of a host
on the network and its numerical address.
• DNS is required for the functioning of the internet.
• Each node in a tree has a domain name, and a full domain name is a sequence
of symbols specified by dots.
• DNS is a service that translates the domain name into IP addresses. This allows
the users of networks to utilize user-friendly names when looking for other
hosts instead of remembering the IP addresses.
• For example, suppose the FTP site at EduSoft had an IP address of
132.147.165.50, most people would reach this site by specifying
ftp.EduSoft.com. Therefore, the domain name is more reliable than IP address.

DNS WORKING

4
Name Space
The names must be unique because the addresses are unique.

There are two types of Name Space

• Flat Name Space


• Hierarchical Name Space

Flat Name Space

A name in this space is a sequence of characters without structure.

Hierarchical Name Space

Each name is made of several parts. The first part can define the nature of the
organization, the second part can define the name of a organization, the third part can
define departments in the organization, and so on.

For example, assume two colleges and a company call one of their computers
challenger. The first college is given a name by the central authority such as jhda.edu,
the second college is given the name berkeley.edu, and the company is given the name
smart.com. When these organizations add the name challenger to the name they have
already been given, the end result is three distinguishable names: challenger.jhda.edu,
challenger.berkeley.edu, and challenger.smart.com.

5
DOMAIN NAME SPACE
To have a hierarchical name space, a domain name space was designed. In this
design the names are defined in an inverted-tree structure with the root at the top.
The tree can have only 128 levels: level 0 (root) to level 127

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IMPORTANT DOMAIN NAME
.com : Commercial
.org : Non Governmental Organization
.edu : Educational
.info : Informational Organization
.gov : Government
.mil : Military
.net : Network Resource
County Domain Name
.in : India
.au : Australia
.fr : France
.nz : New Zeland
.uk : United Kingdom
.us : United States of America

7
Label
* Each node in the tree has a label
* which is a string with a maximum of 63 characters.
* The root label is a null string (empty string).
* DNS requires that children of a node
(nodes that branch from the same node) have different labels, which guarantees the
uniqueness of the domain names.

Domain Name

* Each node in the tree has a domain name.

* A full domain name is a sequence of labels separated by dots (.).

* The domain names are always read from the node up to the root.

* The last label is the label of the root (null). This means that a full domain name
always ends in a null label,

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Fully Qualified Domain Name
* If a label is terminated by a null string, it is called a fully qualified domain name
(FQDN).
* An FQDN is a domain name that contains the full name of a host.
* It contains all labels, from the most specific to the most general, that uniquely
define the name of the host.

Partially Qualified Domain Name


* If a label is not terminated by a null string, it is called a partially qualified domain
name (PQDN).
* A PQDN starts from a node, but it does not reach the root.

DOMAIN

A domain is a subtree of the domain name space. The name of the domain is the
domain name of the node at the top of the subtree. Note that a domain may it self be
divided into domains (or subdomains as they are some times called).

9
CONCLUSION

A domain name helps users find your website easier and faster. But beyond just a web
address, it’s also an important part of your overall marketing strategy.

For instance, if you run an eCommerce site, using .shop or .store as your domain
ending will help you reach users who are ready to buy. Likewise, registering
the .uk extension is a great way to attract British customers.

10

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