ESTIMATE OF OTHER CIVIL ENGG.

WORKS

BRICK MASONARY – STAIRS

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

• Estimate the quantity of Earthwork, Concrete, Brickwork and Finishing work from the given
drawings of staircase.
Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
1 Earthwork in excavation 1 1.90 0.95 0.15 0.27 Cu.mt.
2 Concrete in Foundation 1 1.90 0.95 0.10 0.18 Cu.mt.
3 Brick work
1st Step 1 1.80 0.90 0.20 0.324
2nd Step 1 1.80 0.60 0.15 0.162
3rd Step 1 1.80 0.30 0.15 0.081
4 Finishing 20mm Plaster
Trades 3 1.80 0.30 - 1.62
Risers 4 1.80 - 0.15 1.08
Ends 2 0.90 - 0.15 0.27
2 0.60 - 0.15 0.18
2 0.30 - 0.15 0.09
3.24 Sq.mt.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Estimation of Masonry Water tank

• General Specifications: Foundation – Lime concrete – 1st class brick work in cement mortar 1:6, Wall finishing
– Inside 12mm cement plaster 1:2 with coarse sand, top and outside 12mm cement plaster 1:4 with local
sand considering 15cm below ground level. Flooring – 5cm cement concrete 1:1.5:3 over 20cm Lime
concrete with neat cement finishing.

1. Earthwork in excavation – Rs. 350.00 per cu.mt.

2. Lime concrete in foundation and floor – Rs. 220.00 per cu.mt.

3. 1st class brickwork in 1:6 cement mortar – Rs. 320.00 per cu.mt.

4. 12mm cement plaster 1:2 with coarse sand – Rs. 8.50 per sq.mt.

5. 12mm cement plaster 1:4 with local sand – Rs. 8.50 per sq.mt.

6. 5cm cement concrete 1:1.5:3 – Rs. 55.00 per sq.mt.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

PLAN

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

 SECTIONAL ELEVATION

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

 ENLARGED
SECTIONAL ELEVATION

Partition below GL (50cm wall)

Long wall = 7.50 mt, Short wall = 5.50 mt

Partition above GL (40cm wall)

Long wall = 7.40 mt, Short wall = 5.40 mt

Partition above GL (30cm wall)

Long wall = 7.30 mt, Short wall = 5.30 mt

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
1 Earthwork in excavation
Foundation
Long wall 2 8.50 1.00 1.95 L = 7.50 + 1.0
Short wall 2 4.50 1.00 1.95 L = 5.50 - 1.0
Central portion (Inside) 1 6.50 4.50 1.25 L = 7.50-1.00, B = 5.50-1.00
Cu.mt.
2 Lime Concrete in Foundation
Long wall 2 8.50 1.00 0.30
Short wall 2 4.50 1.00 0.30
Central portion (Inside) 1 7.00 5.00 0.20
Cu.mt.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
3 1st class Brick work Below ground level
Long wall - 1st footing 2 8.20 0.70 0.20 L = 7.50 + 0.7
2nd footing 2 8.10 0.60 0.20 L = 7.50 + 0.6
50cm wall 2 8.00 0.50 1.25 L = 7.50 + 0.5
Short wall - 1st footing 2 4.80 0.70 0.20 L = 5.50 – 0.7
2nd footing 2 4.90 0.60 0.20 L = 5.50 – 0.6
50cm wall 2 5.00 0.50 1.25 L = 5.50 – 0.5
Above Ground Level
40cm Long wall 2 7.80 0.40 1.00 L = 7.40 + 0.40
40cm Short wall 2 5.00 0.40 1.00 L = 5.40 – 0.40
30cm Long wall 2 7.60 0.30 0.50 L = 7.30 + 0.30
30cm Short wall 2 5.00 0.30 0.50 L = 5.30 – 0.30
Cu.mt.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
4 12mm cement plaster 1:2 Inside
Long walls 2 7.00 - 2.50
Short walls 2 5.00 - 2.50
Total Sq.mt.
5 12mm plaster outside
40cm Wall - Long walls 2 7.80 - 1.25 Height including 10cm offset
Short walls 2 5.80 - 1.25 and 15cm below GL

30cm Wall - Long walls 2 7.60 - 0.60 Height including 10cm offset
Short walls 2 5.60 - 0.60
On to of the wall - Long Wall 2 7.60 0.30 -
Short wall 2 5.00 0.30 -
Total 57.40

6 5cm Cement Concrete floor 1 7.00 5.00 - Sq.mt

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

NUMERICAL 03 – Circular Chimney

• A circular chimney is 30 meters high and has an internal shaft of 1 m diameter throughout its

height. The external diameter at the base is 5 m and is uniformly reduced from bottom to the top

where the diameter is 3 m. find the quantity of brick masonry, cement pointing on the outer

surface and cement plaster on the inner face of shaft.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

ISOMETRIC VIEW SECTIONAL VIEW

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Solution – Volume of Brickwork

By using prismoidal formula,

V = h/6 (A ₁ + A₂ + 4A) V = π h/3 (R²+ r² + Rr) Volume of inner hole

Where h = height Where h = height = πr²h

A ₁ = Area of one end R = Radius at base = 23.57 m3

A₂ = Area of other end r = Radius at the top Total Quantity of Brickwork

A = Area in middle section Volume = 385 m3 = 385 – 23.57 = 361.43 m3

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

Solution – Plastering & Pointing

Cement pointing on outer surface (Top + Side)

1. Area on top = πr²(outer) - πr²(inner) = 6.30 m2

2. Area of curved portion = mean circumference x slant height

Mean(avg.) diameter of chimney = 4m

Mean circumference = πd = 3.14 x 4

Slant Height = √ (AE2+ED2) = 30.02 m

Area of curved portion = (3.14x4) x 30.02 = 377.40

Total area = 6.30 + 377.40 = 383.70 m2

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

 26-03-2020

ESTIMATING & COSTING

ESTIMATION OF
RCC ELEMENTS

GENERAL
• RCC work is Generally estimated under two items

• A concrete work including shuttering and centering (Cu.mt. or Sq.mt.)

• Binding of steel – Bar Bending Schedule (cwt or Kg)

• As quantity of steel is so small it is not deducted from concrete

• If there is a absence of steel design than following consideration can be made

• Lintels and Slabs – 0.7% to 1.0%

• Beams – 1.0% to 2.0%

• Columns – 1.0% to 5.0%

• Foundation rafts and footing – 0.5% to 0.8%

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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GENERAL
• Side covers for different RCC works

1. Slab : Side covers 4-5 cm and Top - Bottom covers 1.2 - 2.0 cm

2. Beams : 2.5 - 5 cm

3. Column : 2.5 -5 cm

• Weight of Bar : d² / 162

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

LENGTH OF HOOKS

90° Bend
Extra Length of one Bend = 6D
Total length of Bar = L + 6D

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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LENGTH OF HOOKS

180° Bend
Extra Length of one Bend = 9D
Total length of Bar = L + 9D + 9D = L + 18D

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

LENGTH OF HOOKS

Overlapping Bars Overlapping Bars

Extra Length in Tension Extra Length in Compression
= 40D + 9D + 9D = 45D + 9D + 9D
= 58D (For Mild steel) = 55D
= 68.5D (For Deformed steel)

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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LENGTH OF HOOKS

Bent-up Bar or Cranked Bar

Extra Length in Tension
= 0.42D

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

LENGTH OF HOOKS
Lateral ties – Stirrups
A = X – 2 covers – 2 Ø of bar
B = Y – 2 covers – 2 Ø of bar

Length of two hooks

= 2 x 12D or 0.15 m whichever is more
= 24D or 0.15 m whichever is more

Total Length
2 (A + B) + 24D or 0.15 m

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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UNIT 02 - BUILDING ESTIMATE

ESTIMATION OF RCC SLAB

& BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

ESTIMATION AND BBS OF RCC SLAB

• Prepare a detail estimate of RCC roof slab of 3.0mt clear span and 6.0mt long from the given drawing.

• RCC work including centering and shuttering and steel reinforcement in detail shall be taken separately.

• Also prepare a bars bending Schedule.

• Assume side covers as 8cm, also assume one depth addition for length calculations in bent up bars.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
1 RCC work 1:2:3 excluding
steel and its bending but Cu.mt.
1 6.30 3.30 0.12 2.50
including centering and No deduction for steel bars
shuttering and binding steel
2 Steel bars including bending
(mild steel) in RCC work
Main bars 12mm Ø No. = ((6.30-0.08)/0.24)+1
@ 0.89kg/m - straight bars 27 3.44 92.88 L = 3.30 - 2xcover +2 hooks
@ 24cm C/C L = 3.30-2 x 0.04 + 18x0.012
No. = ((6.30-0.08)/0.24)
L = 3.30- 2x0.04 + 18x0.012
Bent up bars @ 24cm C/C 26 3.52 91.52
+ 0.08 (one depth for two
bents)
184.40 @ 0.89kg/mt
TOTAL Kg
= 184.40 x 0.89 = 164.12 kg

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

11

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
3 Distribution steel 6mm dia
@ 0.22 kg/m No. = (2.00/0.18) + 1
12 6.33 75.96
Bottom bars central portion L = 6.30-2x0.04 + 18x0.006
18cm C/C
Bottom bars two sides 6 6.33 37.98 No. = (0.50/0.18)
Top bars two sides 6 6.33 37.98
151.92 @ 0.22 kg/mt
TOTAL Kg
= 152.92 x 0.22 = 33.42 kg
164.12 + 33.42 = 197.54 kg
Total
1.975 quintal

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE - SLAB

LENGTH TOTAL
DESCRIPTION OF BARS SHAPE OF BENDING NO WEIGHT
(M) LENGTH

MAIN STRAIGHT BARS

3.44 27 92.88
12MM DIA

MAIN BENT UP BARS

3.52 26 91.52
12MM DIA

184.40 164.12

BOTT. DISTRIBUTION
6.33 18 113.94
BARS 6MM DIA

TOP DISTRIBUTION BARS

6.33 6 37.98
6MM DIA

151.92 33.42

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

13

UNIT 02 - BUILDING ESTIMATE

ESTIMATION OF RCC BEAM

& BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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ESTIMATION AND BBS OF RCC BEAM

• Prepare a detail estimate of RCC beam of 8.0mt clear span and (75 x 40) cm in section from given drawing.
RCC work including centering and shuttering and steel reinforcement in detail shall be taken separately, Also
prepare a schedule of bars bending.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

15

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
1 RCC work 1:2:4 excluding
steel and its bending but Cu.mt.
1 8.60 0.40 0.75 2.58
including centering and No deduction for steel bars
shuttering and binding steel
2 Steel bars including bending
(mild steel) in RCC work
Main bars 22mm Ø 106.33 L = 8.60 - 2xcover + 2hooks
4 8.92
@2.98kg/m-straight bars Kg L = 8.60 - 2x0.04 + 18x0.022
20mm Ø bent up bars L = 8.60 - 2xcover +2hooks +
93.66
@2.47kg/m 4 9.44 2x0.30 (i.e. 0.45 x 0.65)
Kg
L = 8.60-2x0.04+18x0.020+0.68
12mm Ø top bars 15.56 L = 8.60 - 2xcover + 2hooks
2 8.74
@0.89kg/m kg L = 8.60 – 2x0.04 + 18x0.012

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

17

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
2 Stirrups
L = (0.65x2 + 0.32x2) +
Stirrups 10mmØ
(24x0.010) or 0.15cm
@ 0.62kg/m at end 12cmC/C 7x2 2.12 29.68
Which ever is more
For 70cm length
No = (0.70/0.12) + 1 = 6.83
Stirrups 10mmØ
@ 0.62kg/m at end 20cmC/C 5x2 2.12 21.20 No = 0.90/0.20 = 4.5
For 90cm length
50.88 @ 0.62kg/m = 50.88 x 0.62 = 31.55 kg
Stirrups 6mmØ @ 0.22kg/m
14 2.12 29.68 No = 4.8/0.35 = 14.85
in central portion 35cm C/C
29.68 @ 0.22kg/m = 29.26x0.22 = 6.53 kg
Total steel = 253.63 kg 2.54 Quintal

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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BAR BENDING SCHEDULE - BEAM

LENGTH TOTAL
DESCRIPTION OF BARS SHAPE OF BENDING NO WEIGHT
(M) LENGTH

MAIN STRAIGHT BARS

8.92 4 35.68 106.33
22MM DIA

MAIN BENT UP BARS

9.48 2 18.96 46.83
20MM DIA

MAIN BENT UP BARS

9.48 2 18.96 46.83
20MM DIA

TOP STRAIGHT BARS

8.74 2 17.48 15.56
20MM DIA

STIRRUPS 10MM DIA 2.09 24 50.16 31.10

STIRRUPS 10MM DIA

2.09 14 29.26 18.14

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

19

UNIT 02 - BUILDING ESTIMATE

ESTIMATION OF RCC COLUMN WITH SLOPPED FOOTING

& BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

21

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

22

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PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

23

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
1 Earthwork in excavation in
1 2.30 2.30 0.83 4.40 Cu.mt.
Foundation
2 Cement Concrete 1:4:8 in
1 2.30 2.30 0.08 0.42 Cu.mt.
base
3 RCC work in footing 1:2:4
excluding steel and its
bending but including 1.804 Cu.mt.
centering and shuttering and
binding steel
4 RCC Work in Column
Above GL up to Plinth 1 0.35 0.35 0.60 0.074 Cu.mt.
Above Plinth level circular
0.233
portion, π x r² x 3.30
Total 0.307 Cu.mt.

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

25

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
5 Steel bars including bending
12mm Ø bars @0.89kg/m- in No.= (2 - 0.08) / 0.15 + 1
2x14 1.93 48.10 kg
base footing L= 2 - 0.08 - (18x0.012)
16mm Ø dowels
6 1.30 12.33 kg L= 0.45 + 0.75 - 0.05 + 0.15
@1.58kg/m-vertical bars
16mm Ø bars @1.58kg/m-
6 4.00 37.92 kg L= 3.30 + 0.60 + 0.10
vertical bars in column
10mm Ø bars @0.62kg/m in No.= (3.90 / 0.15) + 1 = 27
lateral ties L= 2π x r + hooks
27 0.93 15.57 kg
(2 x 3.14 x 0.11) + (24x0.010 or
0.15) = 0.70
109.78
Total
kg

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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UNIT 02

ESTIMATION OF RCC RETAINING WALL

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

27

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
RCC work 1:2:4 excluding
steel and its bending but Cu.mt.
1 1 30.0 3.0 0.50 45.0
including centering and No deduction for steel bars
shuttering and binding steel
1 30.0 0.4 6.0 72.0 B = (0.6+0.2)/2
117.0 Cu.mt.
Steel bars including bending
2 (mild steel) in RCC work -
STEM
Nos. = 30-(2x0.05)/0.40 + 1
R.S. Main bars 22mm Ø 1705.40
76 7.53 L = 6.5 + 0.75 – 0.05 – 0.07 +
@2.98kg/m – 40cm C/C Kg
(18x0.022)
Nos. = (30-(2x0.05))-
R.S. Main bars 22mm Ø 1191.25
75 5.33 (2x0.20)/0.40 + 1
@2.98kg/m – 40cm C/C Kg
L = 7.53 – 2.20

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

29

Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
2 Cont…
Nos. = (30-(2x0.05))-
R.S. Main bars 22mm Ø 1488.51
150 3.33 (2x0.10)/0.20 + 1
@2.98kg/m – 20cm C/C Kg
L = 7.53 – 4.20
Nos. = 6.5-0.05-0.07/0.25 + 1
R.S. Dist. bars 14mm Ø 1038.25 L = 30 - 0.10 + (2x40x0.014) +
27 31.78
@1.21kg/m – 25cm C/C Kg (6x9x0.014)
Assuming two Overlap Lengths
Nos. = 30-0.10/0.30 + 1
L.S. Main bars 14mm Ø 810.25
101 6.63 L = 6.5 – 0.05 – 0.07 +
@1.21kg/m – 30cm C/C Kg
(2x9x0.014)
Nos. = 6.5-0.05-0.07/0.30 + 1
L.S. Dist. bars 10mm Ø 445.48 L = 30 - 0.10 + (2x40x0.010) +
23 31.24
@0.62kg/m – 30cm C/C Kg (6x9x0.010)
Assuming two Overlap Lengths

PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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Detail Estimate
SR DESCRIPATION
NOS. L B H Q REMARKS
NO OF ITEM
Steel bars including bending
3 (mild steel) in RCC work –
BASE SLAB
Nos. = 30-0.10/0.15 + 1
TOE – Main bars 16mm Ø 597.24
200 1.89 L = 0.75+0.60+0.30-
@1.58kg/m – 15cm C/C Kg
0.05+(18x0.016)
Nos. = 30-0.10/0.10 + 1
HEEL – Main bars 16mm Ø 1298.76
300 2.74 L = 1.65+0.60+0.25-
@1.58kg/m – 10cm C/C Kg
0.05+(18x0.016)
Nos. = (0.75+0.60+0.30–
0.05)/0.25 + 1
TOE - Main bars 10mm Ø 135.60
7 31.24 L = 30 - 0.10 + (2x40x0.010) +
@0.62kg/m – 25cm C/C Kg
(6x9x0.010)
Assuming two Overlap Lengths
Nos. = 1.65+0.65+0.25-
HEEL - Dist. bars 10mm Ø 251.80
13 31.24 0.05/0.20 + 1
@0.62kg/m – 20cm C/C Kg
L = AS ABOVE
PREPARED BY ANAND G. PATEL

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ESTIMATING AND COSTING

TYPES OF ESTIMATE, SANCTIONS AND PROJECT

TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Preliminary /Approximate /Abstract Estimate
• Preliminary studies of various aspects, to decide financial position and policies for
administrative sanctions.

• Mostly revenue generated projects

• Working-out Cost to benefit ratio

• Prepared through practical knowledge from similar projects

• It includes estimate of important items of work (such as roads, lands, water supply,
electrification etc.)

• 5% to 10% contingency is added.

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PRELIMINARY /APPROXIMATE /ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Various methods for different structures

1. Buildings

• Schools/Hostels : Per Students

• Schools : Per class

• Hospitals : Per bed

• Cinema : Per seat

Approximate cost of hospital

= Numbers of beds x Per bed cost
= 100 x 5000
= 5,00,000 Rs

PRELIMINARY /APPROXIMATE /ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Various methods for different structures

2. Roads and Highways – Per kilometer of length basis depending on nature of road
construction and material used

3. Irrigation channel – Per kilometer of length depending on capacity of channel

• Approximate cost of 10km long irrigation channel of 3 m³/sec. capacity

@Rs.70,000/km works out to be Rs. 7 lakhs.

4. Bridges and Culverts: Per running meter of span depending up on roadway, nature and
depth of foundation, type of structure etc., for small culverts approximate cost may be
taken per number.

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PRELIMINARY /APPROXIMATE /ABSTRACT ESTIMATE

Various methods for different structures

5. Sewage / water supply project – On basis of per head population, also on basis of area
covered

6. Water tanks (Over heads and under ground) – Per liter capacity

TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Plinth area estimate
• Prepared on basis of plinth area of building.

• Similar projects with same specification, designs, locality etc.

• External area of building (covered only)

• Approximate 30-40% area of walls can be added to the floor area in case when no detail
plans are available

• In case of multistory building slab area is considered

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TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Cube Rate estimate
• Prepared on basis of cubical content (L x B x H) of building.

• Similar projects with same specification, designs, locality etc.

• External dimensions should be considered (height = floor to floor)

• Based on IS-3861, foundation, plinth and parapet are not considered

TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Revised estimate
Prepared in case if…

1. When original sanction estimates exceeds or likely to exceeds by more than 5%

2. When the expenditure on the work exceeds or likely to exceed the amount of
administrative sanction by more than 10%

3. When there are material deviation from the original proposal, even though the cost
may be met from the sanction amount.

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TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Supplementary estimate
Prepared in case if…

1. When additional work are required to supplement the original work.

2. It is altogether a fresh estimate of new item of work.

TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Supplementary & Revised estimate
Prepared in case if…

1. When work is partially abandoned and the estimate cost of remaining work is less
than 95% of the original work, that is less than 95% of original sanction estimate,

2. when there are material deviation and changes in the design which may cause
substantial savings in the estimate, than the amount of original estimate is revised.

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TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Annual repair and maintenance estimate
Prepared …

1. It is a detail estimate of maintenance work which is required to keep the structure in

proper and safe condition.

2. It also can be further classified as monsoon repair estimate, special repair estimate
etc.

11

CONTENGENCIES

“Incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which can not be classified under any

distinct item sub-head, yet pertain to the work as a whole.”

• It is described as Generally 3%-5% of total estimated cost is added.

• If there is any savings against such item of work than it can be utilized to meet the expense

of extra item of work.

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WORK CHARGE ESTABLISHMENT

• It is charged to work directly

• During execution a certain number of work super-wisers, chaukidars, mates munshies etc
are required to employed and their salaries are paid from the work charged establishments
provided in the estimate.

• 1.5% to 2% is added for WCE

• It is allotted to the temporary staff, their duties are terminated as and when over.

• If their requirements arise again than fresh establishments are proposed again.

13

TOOLS AND PLANTS

• For large construction projects a 1%-1.5% of the estimated cost is provided in the estimate

for the purchase of tools and plats Which will be required for the execution of work.

• Mostly contractor has to arrange and use his own tools and plants.

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ELECTRIFICATION WORK
• It can be assumed up to 8% of total estimated cost.
• It includes Electric wiring of,
1. Lights
2. Fans
3. Plug points
4. Pendent
5. Brackets
6. Shades
7. Holders
8. Bulbs
9. Switchboards
10. Cut-out
• It excludes fans.

15

WATER SUPPLY & SANITARY WORK

• it can be assumed up to 8% of total estimated cost.
• Water supply works includes,
1. Water pipe lines
2. Bib cocks
3. Stop cocks
4. Fitting
5. Overhead tanks
• Sanitary works includes,
1. Sewer pipe lines
2. Water closets
3. Cisterns
4. Fittings
5. Intercepting Traps

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SCHEDULE OF RATES
• It is a list of various items of works

• Facilitates the preparation of estimate, also serve as guideline rates in connection with
contract agreements

• P.W.D. maintain a printed document known as SOR

• The rates are workable rates of the complete item of work including materials, transport,
labour, profit etc.

• It is prepared on the basis of rate analysis

17

ADMINISTATIVE APPROVALS AND SANCTIONS

• For any project or work by department sanction of cost is required from the competent
authority at first instance

• Approval authorizes the department to execute the work

• Administrative approvals denotes formal expectance of the proposal and after that detail
design, plans and estimates are prepared and finally the execution of work.

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EXPENDITURE SANCTION
• Expenditure sanction means the concurrence of the government of the expenditure
proposed and represents allotment of the money to meet the expenditure.

• No expenditure can be occurred before that

• ES means an allotment of the fund to the particular work and it is usually accorded by the
Finance department.

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TECHNICAL SANCTION
• TS means sanctioning of the detail estimates, design calculation, quantities of works, rates
and cost of the work by the competent authority of the engineering department.

• After TS of the estimate is given than only execution of work can be started.

• In case of original work the counter signature of the local head of the department should
be obtained in the plan and estimate before TS is accorded by the department.

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BILL OF QUANTITIES
• It is the statement of various items of work giving the description, quantities and unit of
rates.

• It is in similar format as of abstract sheet but the rate and amount columns are left blank.

• It is primarily meant to inviting tenders, and supplied to the contractor

• On the receiving of the tenders the rates and amounts are compared and awarded to
suitable.

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BILL OF QUANTITIES (TYPICAL SHEET)

SR Particular Item of Work Qty. Rate Unit Amount

1 Earthwork in excavation 32.51 m³ Per Cu.mt

2 Earthwork In filling 27.48 m³ Per Cu.mt

3 Lime concrete in foundation 11.33 m³ Per Cu.mt

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DAY WORK
• This term is used to denote a procedure of costing or valuing an item of work on the basis
of actual labourers and materials required.

• It is used to denote such item which can not be quantified or measured like ornamental
work on column in plaster.

• Contractor has to maintain a day work sheet.

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PLINTH AREA
• Covered built up area of building at floor level of any storey.

• External dimensions of building.

• Court yard, open areas, balconies and cantilever projections are not included.

• Following should be included in plinth area,

1. All floors, area of wall at the floor level excluding plinth offsets

2. Internal shafts for sanitary installation ( < 2.0 sq.mt.)

3. Area of porches other than cantilever

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PLINTH AREA
• Following should not be included in plinth area,

1. Area of loft

2. Internal shafts for sanitary installation (>2.0 sq.mt.)

3. Unclosed balconies

4. Towers, turrets, domes etc. projecting above the terrace level, not forming a story

5. Architectural bands, cornices

6. Sunshades, vertical sun breakers or box louvers projecting out.

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FLOOR AREA
• For obtaining a floor area following shall be included in deduction

1. Door and other opening area

2. Intermediate support and pillars

3. Pilasters (projection of column or architectural work) along with walls exceeding

300sq.cm. (0.3 sq.mt.)

4. Flues which are within walls

• For obtaining a floor area following shall be excluded in deduction

1. Pilasters along with walls not exceeding 300 sq.cm. (0.3 sq.mt.)

2. Fire places beyond the faces of wall

3. Chula platform projecting beyond the face of wall in kitchen

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CIRCULATION AREA
• Area for movement

• It comprises the following

1. Verandahs and balconies

2. Passages and corridors

3. Entrance halls

4. Stair case

5. Shafts of lifts

• It is divided in two types

1. Horizontal circulation area (mostly 10%-15%)

2. Vertical circulation area (mostly 4%-5%)

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CARPET AREA
• Floor area – circulation area – other non usable area

• Carpet area of office building – 60%-75% of plinth area

• Carpet area of residential building – 50%-65% of plinth area

• Walls area of multistoried frames structure – 5%-10% of plinth area

• Walls area of ordinary structure without frame – 10%-15% of plinth area

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UNIT 03
EXAMPLES OF PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES

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NUMERICAL 01
• Prepare a preliminary estimate of a project with a total plinth area of 1500 sq.mt. for all
building, given that

1. Plinth area rate – Rs. 950.00 sq.mt.

2. Extra for special architectural treatment – 1.5% of total building cost

3. Extra for water supply and sanitary installation – 5% of total building cost

4. Extra for internal installation 14% of total building cost

5. Extra for services – 6% of total building cost

6. Contingencies – 3%

7. Supervision charges – 8%

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NUMERICAL 01
SL NO PARTICULAR RATE RS.

1 BUILDING COST (ARAE x COST) 1500.00 950.00

2 SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT (1.5%) 0.02

3 WATER SUPPPLY AND SANOTARY INSTALLATION (5%) 0.05

4 INTARNAL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (14%) 0.14

5 OTHER INSTALLATION (6%) 0.06

TOTAL

A CONTINGENCIES (3% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.03

B SUPERVISION CHARGES (8% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.08

GRAND TOTAL

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NUMERICAL 01
SL NO PARTICULAR RATE RS.

1 BUILDING COST (ARAE x COST) 1500.00 950.00 1425000.00

2 SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT (1.5%) 0.02 1425000.00 21375.00

3 WATER SUPPPLY AND SANOTARY INSTALLATION (5%) 0.05 1425000.00 71250.00

4 INTARNAL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (14%) 0.14 1425000.00 199500.00

5 OTHER INSTALLATION (6%) 0.06 1425000.00 85500.00

TOTAL 1802625.00

A CONTINGENCIES (3% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.03 1802625.00 54078.75

B SUPERVISION CHARGES (8% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.08 1802625.00 144210.00

GRAND TOTAL 2000913.75

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NUMERICAL 02
• Prepare a preliminary estimate of a four storeyed office building having a carpet area 0f 2000 sq.mt.
for obtaining the administrative approvals of the government given the data below. It may be
assumed that 30% of built-up area will be taken up by circulation space,10% by walls.

1. Plinth area rate – Rs. 950.00 sq.mt.

2. Extra due to deep foundation at site – 1% of total building cost

3. Extra for special architectural treatment – 0.5% of total building cost

4. Extra for water supply and sanitary installation - 6% of total building cost

5. Extra for electrical installation – 12.5% of total building cost

6. Extra for other services 5% of total building cost

7. Contingencies – 3%

8. Supervision charges – 8%

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NUMERICAL 02
• Total plinth area = carpet area + circulation area + walls area

• Let us assume built up area or plinth area = X sq.mt.

• X = carpet area + 0.30 of built-up area (circulation) + 0.10 of built-up area (walls)

• X = 2000 + 0.30X + 0.10X

• X = 3333.33 sq.mt.

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NUMERICAL 02
SL NO PARTICULAR RS.

1 BUILDING COST (ARAE x COST) 3333.33 950.00

2 EXTRA FOR DEEP FOUNDATION (1.0%) 0.01

3 SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT (0.5%) 0.005

4 WATER SUPPPLY AND SANOTARY INSTALLATION (6%) 0.06

5 INTARNAL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (12.5%) 0.125

6 OTHER INSTALLATION (5%) 0.05

TOTAL

A CONTINGENCIES (2.5% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.025

B SUPERVISION CHARGES (8% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.08

TOTAL

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NUMERICAL 02
SL NO PARTICULAR RS.

1 BUILDING COST (ARAE x COST) 3333.33 950.00 3166663.50

2 EXTRA FOR DEEP FOUNDATION (1.0%) 0.01 3166663.50 31666.64

3 SPECIAL ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT (0.5%) 0.005 3166663.50 15833.32

4 WATER SUPPPLY AND SANOTARY INSTALLATION (6%) 0.06 3166663.50 189999.81

5 INTARNAL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION (12.5%) 0.125 3166663.50 395832.94

6 OTHER INSTALLATION (5%) 0.05 3166663.50 158333.18

TOTAL 3958329.38

A CONTINGENCIES (2.5% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.025 3958329.38 98958.23

B SUPERVISION CHARGES (8% OF OVERALL BUILDING COST) 0.08 3958329.38 316666.35

TOTAL 4373953.96

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