(Self-Contained Underwater Breatving Apparatus) tan, SUPA diving device allows you to breathe onderwater TH Consists of tne following parts: “Talks of compressed breathing misture * FHS# stage “Redwing Valve for reducing veryhigh pressure “A combincton ihalation &etnalation “demand valve (for Whalaton & onlin sm + A.mask and tube system with small “dead spave Escape from Submarines scape is possible from as deep i i apparatus, 3 i ible Fre deep as 300 feet without using any SCOPE : ital ‘ie om as deep as 00 feet only with using rebreathing devices E is possible G00. f de Air embolisyn can occur while can ore a Co effort to ted by ‘special (can be prevenRapid ascend or return tothe surface *Papid decrease in pressure + dssolved gases (especially vitrogen) come out of solution and form bubbles Yas areformedin arens eaves tivoushout the Wad Coins, : Aion. ce mechaical obstruction, isa Mm Vloodetreai damage to:vlood vessels & trigger an inflammatory response } 1 Reduced blood flow & 4 ue ischemia joint pain (BENDS), muscle pain, neurological symptoms, + gud in severe Cases, cardiovascular and respiratory distress aly to the Si 9 that nitrogen is removed slowly from the body without formation of bubbles oyatiok nitrogen — eliminated in + hour G0% of nitrogen — eliminated in G hours sas been breating air and has veen on the sea vortom for GO minutes at a depth of 140 feet decompressed according to the following schedule: i pepfectdeth — AF Minat 40 ft — 14 mina 30 ft — SO minat 20f+ + 4 minat 10 F forauork period on the bottom of only 4 hour, the total time for decompression is about 3 ours divers must work at veryideep levels between 250 feet and nearly 1000 feet they Treqentiy live in a large compression tank for days or weeks at a time, remaining compressed at a pressure level near that at which they will be working. eaten oth Only about on ha much Volume of heliam dissolves in the body tissues as nitrogen 4 The Volumie-ttat decssy > rTnellow density of hatin dissolve diffuses out of the (7 the denise Peg decompression several times 5 ees a as rapidly as docs vitrogen reat heh, Mex\important because highly compressed nitrogen Is $0 dens ‘extreme, sometimes making the work of breath TN cep dives itis important 40 reduce the njgen concentration L stnarise oxygen toning wold ESM required . Ke wnt BR Feet tert (22 atmospheres of pressure) - onl’ “6 oN9°8 te enin- gaseous mixture (asin ai) tne diverNo problem due to carbon diovide toxic because depth atone problem occurs by rebreathing of carbon diovide from rebreathing apparatuses Alveolar carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2 (PC0,) - < BO mmm Ha (< twice normal) piratory Volume ) increases alveolar carbon diokide pressure Tolerated by O- to A1-fold increase In yninute re Alveolar carbon dioxide pressure (PC0,) - > SO win Ha (> twice normal) wer beains +0 ve depressed (rather than exited) Respiratory cen Diver's respiration begins +o fail + Severe respiratory acidosis + Lethargy © Narcosis + Anesthesia aa ir under high pressure for a lo \ Slow increase IM dissolved (6070 dissolved in water - takes 1 nour to comne (607% dissolved in fat - takes 6 nours +0 come Nitrogen reynains dissolved in all the vody tissues \ starts beating under wormal press4re decreased back to some lower level eo reNer se respirator process Under water a person \preathes a vittrogen in body in eauilioriam with alveolar witrrogjen) wn equitileriam with alveolar witrogen) (as it is wot mers when the persoM comes out of water & nitrogen pressure iM he lungs IS at wnicn ime the witrogen can be removed lay +n -avoliced by the vod/ Because of j My 90 atveclay Nitrogen di 1 alters ionic Conductance +) i 4 Faptures (os) of the depthe® ‘Selig haar area 120 feet - cheerfulness and +o lose way of his or he 150-200 feet - the diver becomes drow 200-250 feet — physical strength decrease 250 feet (8.5 atmospheres pressure) - becomes useless Iveolar oxygen ped at very high a Onigenis breatied at Verdi ‘ ism fai yen battering mechani > 2 atmospheres Po2. - the hemoalobin-ont9é wi of oidieing free radicals (catal egies mridive the pounsaruratea f Damaging special nervous uperovide issue (righ lipid & Pisturvances of Visio Lrritality Disorientation Par caths increases the diver’s $4 ality 7° “eptibChapter 45 Madara) aaa rela) Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions Human beings descend beneath the sea Pressure around at increases greatly | | fiir must be supplied at very high pressure to keep lungs inflated | varism) Blood in the lungs is exposed to extremely high alveolar gas pressure (hyper