UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES PROJECT

ON
Assessing Family Water Consumption to Determine District
and State Requirements

Report submitted in part fulfilment of the Engineering Course of

IV B. Tech I Semester in
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
By
GOLAGANA AJAY KUMAR
Under the Supervision of the Faculty Mentor
Dr. P. TIRUMALA
M.Com., M.B.A., B.L., M.HRM., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Science and Humanities

LENDI INSTITUE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
An Autonomous Institution
Jonnada (Village) Denkada (Mandal), Vizianagaram- 535005
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled “Assessing Family Water Consumption to Determine
District and State Requirements” submitted to the Department of Computer Science and
Information Technology, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jonnada, Vizianagaram
in partial fulfilment for the award of the B. Tech degree is a Bonafede work done by me.

Place: Vizianagaram Student Name: Golagana Ajay Kumar

Date: Regd. No: 21KD1A0717

Student Signature:
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled Assessing Family Water Consumption to Determine
District and State Requirements” submitted to Department of Computer Science and
Information Technology, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jonnada, Vizianagaram
partial fulfilment for the award of the B. Tech degree is a Bonafede work done by Mr. Golagana
Ajay Kumar under my guidance and supervision.

Place: Vizianagaram Dr. P. Tirumala

Date: Faculty mentor

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

I INTRODUCTION 1

II PAST AND PRESENT SCENARIO 2–4

III IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM 5

IV OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 6

V FACTS OF PROJECT 7
VI ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT
Fact 1. High Water Storage Practices 8–9
Fact 2. Functionality of Tap Connections 10 – 11
Fact 3. Incidence of Water Shortages 12 – 13
Fact 4. Payment for Water Services 14 – 16
Fact 5. Quality Concerns with Drinking Water 17 – 18
VII FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 19

VIII SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY 20

IX CONCLUSION 21
Assessing Family Water Consumption
to Determine
District and State Requirements
 Roll No: 21KD1A0717

INTRODUCTION

Water is an essential resource for life and community development. In Andhra Pradesh, a state with
a broad range of climates and water resources, assessing family water consumption is more than
just a utility measure; it is also an important indicator of social health and economic viability. This
introduction intends to highlight the relevance of measuring household water use in Andhra Pradesh
districts in order to better understand the state's needs and ensure a sustainable future for its citizens.

Assessing family water consumption in Andhra Pradesh is an important step toward addressing the
state's serious water supply concerns. With a population of more than 53 million, the demand for
water has increased due to urbanization, agricultural needs, and shifting lifestyle patterns. The state's
different climatic circumstances and geographical variances challenge water management, therefore
it is critical to understand how families use this crucial resource. This assessment is not only
necessary for maintaining enough water supply, but it also informs policy decisions that promote
sustainable water management practices across districts.

Inadequate water supply has far-reaching consequences, posing major health hazards and impeding
economic development. Poor access to safe drinking water can cause a variety of health problems,
including waterborne infections that disproportionately affect underprivileged groups. Furthermore,
inadequate irrigation resources jeopardize agricultural output, affecting livelihoods and food
security. Assessing family water usage can help stakeholders better understand the relationship
between water availability, health outcomes, and economic stability, allowing them to manage these
interconnected concerns.

Analyzing family water consumption in Andhra Pradesh aims to develop a comprehensive

framework for long-term water management that meets both current and future issues. This project's
unique insights on consumption patterns and service delivery shortcomings will influence policy
recommendations targeted at enhancing all citizens' access to clean drinking water. Andhra Pradesh
can achieve its goal of equitable and sustainable water resource management for its varied
population by working collaboratively with government agencies, local communities, and scholars.

This project is going to analyze the water consumption levels in villages, districts and state.

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PAST AND PRESENT SCENARIO

List of districts of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh districts divided among three cultural regions

Number of Districts 26 districts
Population • Parvathipuram Manyam – 9,25,340 (lowest)
• Nellore – 24,69,712 (highest)

Area • Visakhapatnam – 1,048 km^2^ (smallest)

• Prakasam – 14,322 km^2^ (largest)

Smallest District Visakhapatnam

Largest District Prakasam
Cultural Regions Uttaraandhra, Kostaandhra, Rayalaseema.

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Past Scenario

Historically, water consumption in Andhra Pradesh was marked by considerable regional

differences and inadequate access to safe drinking water, especially in rural regions. According to
2009 data, just 46% of habitations had full water supply, while 52% had partial coverage, leaving a
sizable chunk of the population dependant on dangerous sources such as streams and canals. The
significant reliance on groundwater for irrigation and home use resulted in over-extraction and
aquifer depletion. Many homes struggled to get enough water, often spending hours each day
bringing it from remote sources. This scenario was aggravated by insufficient infrastructure and
investment in water supply systems, which were unable to fulfil the growing demands of an
expanding population.

The socioeconomic consequences of these water access difficulties were significant. Families
struggled to maintain cleanliness and sanitation due to a lack of available water, which had a direct
influence on public health outcomes. Furthermore, agricultural productivity deteriorated as farmers
struggled to find stable irrigation water supplies. During this time, government efforts to improve
water access were frequently impeded by bureaucratic inefficiency and a lack of community
participation in decision-making processes. As a result, many rural populations remained exposed
to water scarcity and its consequences.

Furthermore, cultural practices involving water use reflected the historical background of scarcity.
Traditional rainwater gathering methods were used in some areas, but they were not widely or
consistently adopted. The general public's awareness of optimal water consumption was low,
resulting in wasteful practices that put additional demand on available resources. The absence of
detailed data on family water consumption patterns hampered effective planning and resource
allocation at the district and state levels.

Overall, the previous scenario in Andhra Pradesh demonstrated the vital necessity for a systematic
assessment of family water consumption to inform better policy decisions. Understanding historical
consumption trends would provide useful information on the underlying challenges influencing
water availability and management techniques. This will pave the door for more environmentally
friendly practices and equal distribution of water resources between districts.

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Present Scenario

Assessing family water consumption in Andhra Pradesh has become increasingly important due to
changing climatic conditions and urbanization tendencies. Recent studies show a significant
increase in household water usage, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, when cleanliness
behaviours caused a surge in daily consumption. The average home now consumes much more
water than in past years, indicating a move toward more regular washing and sanitation activities.
Despite the increased demand, many people continue to confront access and water quality issues.

The administration has launched a number of initiatives to improve the state's water supply
infrastructure. For example, the Jal Jeevan Mission promises to deliver tap water to all rural
households by 2024. These programs are critical because they address both quantity and quality
issues, which have long plagued many districts. However, gaps remain; while some metropolitan
areas have good piped connections, rural households frequently rely on sporadic or dangerous
sources, exposing persisting inequities in service delivery.

Furthermore, technical improvements have begun to contribute to more effective water resource
management. Rainwater harvesting systems and enhanced irrigation techniques have been
promoted as part of sustainable practices. Community awareness activities are also being
established to educate locals on water conservation and efficiency. These activities are critical for
cultivating a culture of sustainability that can assist minimize future water scarcity challenges.

To summarize, the current situation represents a complicated interplay between growing water
demand and persistent access and quality issues. A complete study of family water consumption is
required to understand present needs and inform future strategies aimed at ensuring the sustainable
management of this crucial resource. By tackling these challenges holistically, Andhra Pradesh may
strive toward ensuring equal access to safe drinking water for all of its citizens while also promoting
responsible consumption behaviours across various sectors.

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IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM

The assessment of family water usage in Andhra Pradesh is challenged by acute water scarcity,
fluctuating rainfall patterns, declining reservoir levels, and a lack of trustworthy data on
consumption patterns.
The following are the concerns identified while measuring family water consumption to decide
water services.
1. Functional Tap Connections
2. Water Supply Reliability
3. Water Quality Issues
4. Inadequate Water Quantity
5. Pending Water Bills
6. Monthly Charges Impact
7. Dependence on Storage Systems

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OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1. Gathering and examining information on the amount of water used for residential,
commercial, and industrial uses.

2. Analysis of the special needs and holes in the water supply system. Assessing the current
water supply systems efficacy.

3. Highlighting the differences between rural and urban areas access to water. Encouraging
community awareness of conservation and efficient consumption techniques.

4. Generating recommendations for state and municipal policies to handle particular geographic
problems with water availability and demand.

5. Constructing a robust and long-lasting framework for water management in Andhra Pradesh
to guarantee that all people have fair access to clean drinking water both now and in the future.

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FACTS OF PROJECT

This is a summary of the analysis done in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, to evaluate water services
by measuring family water consumption:

1. Challenges with the Water Supply: Because of maintenance problems and dropping water
levels at the Thatipudi reservoir, residents frequently experience severe water shortages,
especially during the winter. The municipal water supply has experienced prolonged
disruptions.

2. Dependence on Tanker Supply: The municipality currently relies on tanker supplies to

distribute water however, these services are typically insufficient and largely serve slum areas,
resulting to inequitable access.

3. Tap Connection Functionality: Approximately 98% of households have functional tap

connections, however only 84% claim appropriate amount and 93% indicate potable quality,
suggesting a discrepancy between the two.

4. Purity Concerns: The safety and purity of the water supplied are seriously questioned
because of the many drinking water treatment facilities are permitted. Because unauthorized
plants don't follow safety regulations, they can be harmful to your health.

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ANALYSIS

1. High Water Storage Practices in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh.

Table Indicates Variations of Graph in the sources of Storage Practices in Vizianagaram

Category Percentage

Monthly Water Charges (₹60) 16.70%

Collected Water Bills 2.20%

Pending Water Bills (₹192 lakh) 25.60%

Households with Storage Systems 20.00%

Households with Direct Water Supply 7.80%

Households with Irregular Water Supply 21.90%

Households with Regular Water Supply 5.80%

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1. Household Water Storage:

• Approximately 72% of households in Vizianagaram utilize either sump or overhead
tanks (OHT) for storing water, indicating a reliance on storage systems to manage water
supply.
2. Direct Water Supply:
• More than 28% of respondents reported receiving water directly from municipal sources
without the need for storage, highlighting a portion of the population that relies on
immediate access.
3. Water Supply Reliability:
• About 79% of households report receiving regular water supply, but many still face
issues due to infrastructure problems, affecting their ability to store adequate water.
4. Water Crisis Impact:
• During recent crises, municipal water supply was halted for two weeks, leading to
increased dependence on stored water and tanker deliveries, which are often insufficient.
5. Pending Water Bills:
• The municipality is facing around ₹92 lakh in pending water bills from residents, which
may hinder funding for maintenance and improvements in water storage infrastructure.
6. Monthly Charges:
• Households are charged a monthly fee of ₹60, which impacts compliance rates and
overall funding for water services and storage solutions.

Finally, the large percentage of families using water storage methods highlights the crucial need for
reliable supply infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh. Understanding how families store and manage
their water resources enables stakeholders to effectively address current concerns and implement
successful solutions that promote sustainable consumption patterns across districts.

Proposed Solutions for High Water Storage Practices and Water Services
• Promote community awareness and engagement by launching educational initiatives on water
storage efficiency and reporting leaks or supply issues. Encourage the community to
participate in monitoring local water services.

• Implement effective Water Distribution by create a more effective system for distributing
water via tankers, ensuring that underserved areas are adequately supplied. Consider boosting
the number of tanker deliveries during a crisis.

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2. Functionality of Tap Connections and Payment in Vizianagaram, Andhra

Pradesh

Table Indicates Variations of Graph in the sources of Tap Connections and Payment in Vizianagaram
Category Percentage
Unpaid Bills 10.20%
Paid Bills 23.20%
Functional Tap Connections 20.60%
Non-Functional Tap Connections 12.70%
Unreliable Water Supply 7.00%
Reliable Water Supply 26.30%

1. Functional Tap Connections:

• Approximately 61.9% of households in Vizianagaram have functional tap connections,
indicating a significant portion of the population has access to piped water supply.
2. Water Supply Reliability:
• About 79% of households report receiving a regular water supply, although many still
face issues due to infrastructure problems.

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3. Frequency of Water Supply:

• Prior to recent crises, households typically received municipal water every alternate day,
but this has been disrupted due to maintenance issues and decreased reservoir levels.
4. Water Quality Concerns:
• Despite having tap connections, many households face quality issues, with
approximately 40% of water samples showing contamination.
5. Pending Water Bills:
• The municipality is facing around ₹92 lakh in pending water bills from residents, which
may affect service delivery and maintenance efforts.
6. Monthly Charges:
• Households are charged a monthly fee of ₹60, impacting compliance rates and overall
funding for water services.

In conclusion, while a considerable number of Andhra Pradesh's households have functioning tap
connections, continuous assessments are required to guarantee that these systems provide consistent
access to clean drinking water. Stakeholders can improve public health outcomes and community
well-being by addressing functional and quality issues.

Proposed Solutions for Improving Tap Connection Functionality and Water

Services:
• Prioritize repairing outdated and leaking pipelines for reliable water delivery. Regular
maintenance programs should be implemented to avoid future problems.

• Enhance water supply capacity by completing ongoing projects, such as the 10 million Litres
per day supply from Nellimarla. Ensure the prompt completion of infrastructure
improvements under programs like AMRUT.

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3. Incidence of Water Shortages in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh

Severe Water Shortages: Residents experience acute water shortages, particularly during winter
months.
1. Municipal Water Supply Issues:
• Water supply was halted for two weeks, with uncertainty about resumption
• Households previously received municipal water every alternate day, but this has
decreased significantly during the crisis
2. Current Water Supply:
• The municipality is distributing water through tankers, but these are primarily confined
to slum areas, leading to inadequate access for many households
• Only 11 million litters per day (Million Litres per Day) were supplied from the
Mushidipalli scheme and 7 million Litres per day from Ramatheerthaalu and Nellimarla
schemes before the crisis.
3. Water Quality Concerns:
• Reports indicate issues with water quality, including contamination and turbidity,
affecting the potability of available water supplies.
4. Household Access to Water:
• Approximately 53.1% of households have access to adequate quantity and potable water
regularly.
• Only 52.4% report receiving potable water on a regular basis
• About 84.7% of households have adequate water supply on a regular basis.

Table Indicates Variations of Graph in the sources of Household Access to Water in Vizianagaram

Category Percentage
Adequate Quantity & Potable Water 27.90%
Adequate Water Supply Only 44.50%
Potable Water Only 27.50%

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5. Community Impact:
• Poor maintenance of infrastructure and leakages in old pipelines contribute significantly
to water shortages
• Farmers diverting water for irrigation further exacerbates household shortages.

To summarize, addressing the issue of occasional water shortages is critical to improving general
access to safe drinking water in Andhra Pradesh. Understanding the underlying causes and effects
of family consumption habits allows stakeholders to build effective solutions that improve resilience
to future scarcity crises.

Proposed Solutions Incidence of Water Shortages:

• An initiative to supply an additional 10 million Litres per day of water from Nellimarla is
underway, expected to be completed by December

• A total of 15 million Litres per day additional supply is anticipated if maintenance projects
are funded and completed

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4. Payment for Water Services in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh.

Table Indicates Variations of Graph in the sources of Payment Compliance for Water Bills
Category Percentage
Paid 69.50%
Not Paid 30.50%

1. Pending Water Bills:

• Residents owe approximately ₹92 lakh in pending water bills, prompting a special
collection drive.
2. Monthly Charges:
• Households are charged ₹60 per month for water supply, affecting 24,523
households within the municipal limits.
3. Payment Compliance:
• About 69.5% of households report having paid their water tariffs, indicating a significant
number still owe payments.
4. Water Supply Functionality:
• Approximately 98% of sampled households have working tap connections.
• Around 92% of households receive an adequate quantity of water (≥55 LPCD).
• Nearly 79% report receiving regular water supply.

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5. Potability of Water:
• About 90% of sampled households receive potable water based on laboratory testing.
6. Household Water Usage:
• Approximately 53.1% of households have access to adequate quantity and potable water
regularly.
Table Indicates Variations of Graph in the sources of Water Supply and Usage Statistics
Category Percentage
Inadequate Water 15.60%
Adequate Water (Not Potable) 17.70%
Adequate Water (Potable) 30.00%
Working Tap Connections 32.70%
Not Working 0.70%
Not Potable 3.30%

In summary, addressing payment behaviours surrounding service delivery charges is crucial for
ensuring financial sustainability within Andhra Pradesh’s water management systems. By exploring
regional disparities and fostering community engagement around payment structures, stakeholders
can work towards creating a more equitable framework that supports ongoing improvements across
district.

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Proposed Solutions for Payment and Water Services:

• Launch awareness programs to educate communities on the significance of paying water bills
and the repercussions of not paying. This can help to increase compliance rates.

• Improved Water Supply Infrastructure: Repair and upgrade outdated pipelines to prevent
leaks and ensure adequate water supply for families.

• Strengthen rules for unlicensed water treatment plants to provide clean drinking water and
preserve public health.

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5. Quality Concerns with Drinking Water quality while analyzing family water
consumption in Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh.

Table Indicates Variations of Graph Water Quality and Supply Issues in Vizianagaram
Category Percentage
Households with Regular Water Supply 15.80%
Households with Irregular Water Supply 4.20%
Licensed Water Plants 3.40%
Unlicensed Water Plants 16.60%
Contaminated Water Samples 8.00%
Clean Water Samples 12.00%
Samples Passing Bacteriological Tests 19.80%
Samples with Sufficient Residual Chlorine 0.20%
Households with Inadequate Chlorine Levels 10.40%
Households with Permissible Chlorine Levels 9.60%

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1. Unauthorized Water Plants:

• Only 17 out of numerous drinking water treatment plants in Vizianagaram possess the
necessary licenses, raising concerns about compliance with health and safety standards.
2. Contamination Rates:
• Approximately 40% of water samples tested were found to be contaminated with
bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Enterobacter aerogenes.
3. Antibiotic Resistance:
• The contaminated samples showed antibiotic resistance to certain drugs, highlighting.
4. Residual Chlorine Levels:
• Only 48% of households tested had residual chlorine within permissible limits,
indicating inadequate treatment of drinking water.
5. Bacteriological Safety:
• While 99% of samples passed bacteriological tests, only 1% showed sufficient residual
chlorine to protect against contamination from source to point of consumption.
6. Water Supply Reliability:
• Approximately 79% of households report receiving regular water supply, but many still
face quality issues due to infrastructure problems.

In conclusion, it is critical that stakeholders prioritize addressing the gaps identified during the
assessment process as they move forward with future planning efforts aimed at sustainable resource
management frameworks capable of supporting long-term resilience against emerging challenges
posed by environmental change affecting availability reliability supplies available locally over time.
Consistent access to high-quality potable drinking remains a crucial component of any
comprehensive strategy aimed at improving overall public health outcomes throughout Andhra
Pradesh's communities.

Proposed Solutions for Improving Drinking Water Quality:

• Enforce tight restrictions to guarantee all drinking water treatment plants acquire permits.
Conduct regular inspections to ensure compliance and close unlawful plants.

• To improve residual chlorine levels in water treatment plants, increase chlorination

procedures to maintain acceptable levels in distribution systems. This will help to prevent
bacterial contamination from source to tap.

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FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

Findings:

1. Severe Water Shortages because of maintenance problems and dropping water levels at the
Thatipudi reservoir, residents experience severe water shortages, particularly in the winter.

2. Water Supply Shortages of population needs roughly 36 million Liters of water per day on
average, but only about 13 million Liters are being delivered at the moment.

3. Infrastructure Neglect in Mushidipalli scheme's older pipelines have not received the
necessary maintenance, which has led to persistent leaks and supply problems.

4. Tanker deliveries are the municipality's primary source of drinking water, although they are
frequently insufficient and mostly service slum areas, which results in unequal access to it.

Suggestions:

1. Infrastructure Improvement is to minimize leaks and increase the overall dependability of the
water supply, give outdated pipeline repairs and improvements top priority.

2. Boost Water Supply Capacity in order to improve overall availability, move quickly to
complete projects like the additional 10 million Litres per day supply from Nellimarla.

3. Tighten regulations for water treatment plants to ensure that all establishments that purify
drinking water have licenses and follow health regulations. Regularly inspect to make sure
compliance is met.

4. Awareness Among the Public Campaigns ought to be the first step in educating the community
about safe water consumption methods and encouraging leaks or other issues with the water's
quality to be reported.

5. Emergency Procedures The water supply ought to In the event of an emergency, establish
backup plans that include looking into alternative sources and accelerating tanker supply
schedules.

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SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY

Impact of Family Structure, investigate how different family structures (e.g., single-generation vs.
multi-generation) affect household water consumption patterns and needs. Water Supply Patterns to
Analyze the relationship between various water supply systems (e.g., piped, tanker, borewell) and
household water usage behaviours to identify optimal supply methods. User Lifestyle Factors to
Explore how lifestyle factors, such as water appliance usage and outdoor activities, influence
domestic water consumption, particularly in rural areas.

Cultural Influences, examine the impact of cultural backgrounds (age, education, traditional
practices) on water consumption behaviours and preferences. Water Conservation Strategies to
Evaluate the effectiveness of various water conservation strategies (e.g., rainwater harvesting) in
improving household water security and reducing overall consumption.

Public Policy Implications to Identify key factors that should inform public policies on water
management, ensuring they address the specific needs and behaviours of different households.
Determinants of Water Demand to develop a framework for assessing determinants of household
water demand, including socio-economic factors, infrastructure quality, and environmental
conditions.

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CONCLUSION

By identifying current usage trends, the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the current water
delivery systems in different districts. Many locations still rely on outdated infrastructure that is
unable to meet the rising needs of households. Through an analysis of service delivery elements
such the quantity, calibre, accessibility, and stability of the water supply, the evaluation will pinpoint
weaknesses in current frameworks and offer suggestions for enhancement. Policymakers will be
able to make better decisions thanks to this data-driven approach, which will enhance service
delivery and guarantee that everyone has access to clean drinking water.

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