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Meeting 5 - Conjunctions

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Sitti Syakira
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13 views15 pages

Meeting 5 - Conjunctions

Uploaded by

Sitti Syakira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONJUNCTIONS

Sitti Syakira, S.Pd., M.Pd.


Pre-Task 1: Choose the most appropriate conjunction
in the parentheses to complete the sentence.

1. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, _________ Bill insisted that they fly.
(and, or, but)
2. I have to be on time, _________ my boss will be annoyed if I’m late. (and,
nor, for)
3. Calculus is _________ easy _________ difficult. (not/ but, both / and, either/
or)
4. I could not get a seat, _________ I came early. (as, though, when)
5. She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her. (if, so, when)
6. You won’t pass the test _________ you study. (when, if, unless)
7. Stewart bought lunch _________ he was hungry. (and, for, yet)
8. ___ my uncle ___ my cousin live in New York. (neither/or, so/as, both/and)
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What are conjunctions?
▪ linguistic devices that create cohesion

▪ linkers or connectors that join two words, phrases, or


clauses together, either in speech or in writing

▪ Conjunctions are regarded as discourse markers

3
Types of Conjunctions

a. Coordinating conjunctions
b. Subordinating conjunctions
c. Correlative conjunctions

4
Coordinating Conjunctions
o These conjunctions are used to join together
clauses of equal rank.
o They generally connect sentence elements
of the same grammatical class such as nouns
with nouns, adverbs with adverbs, phrases
with phrases and clauses with clauses.

5
Types of Coordinating Conjunctions

F A N B O Y S
for and nor but or yet so

6
Coordinating Conjunctions
Co. conj. Functions
For Explaining cause and effect (why)
And Expressing similarity, equality
Nor Non-contrasting grammatically negative items (not+not)
But Contrasting
Or Choice, alternative
yet Contrasting (nevertheless)
so Showing sequences
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Coordinating Conjunctions
Co. conj. Examples
For She was crying, for her mother was seriously ill.
And She is honest, hard working, and intelligent
Nor He didn’t pick up the phone nor replied my messages.
But She is poor, but she is happy.
Or I don’t know the book is on the table or in the cupboard.
yet He’s seventy-two, yet he still swims, runs and plays football regularly.
so I’ve drunk six cups of coffee today, so I’ve got a headache.

8
Subordinating Conjunctions

▪ These conjunctions are words used to link


subordinate clauses with the main
clauses in a complex sentence.
▪ They join clauses of unequal rank.

9
Types of Subordinating Conjunctions
Showing Time Before, after, while, when, till, Until, since, Whenever, As
soon as, As long as, Once
Showing cause Because, In order to, Since, So that, Now that, Provided
and effect or that, As much as, Even if, Just as, Whoever, Consequently,
purpose Due to, Therefore, Hence ,As a result Unless
showing a If, Whether, Supposing, Only if, Whenever
condition
showing a contrast Though, Even though, Although, Whereas

showing similarity As though, As if


showing place Where, Wherever
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Subordinating Conjunctions

▪ She will be happy when her mother returns from


the market.
▪ He talked so fast that I could not understand him.
▪ Emeka travelled to Abuja in order that he could
see his brother.
▪ I began my work after they had gone.

11
Correlative Conjunctions

▪ These conjunctions are usually adverbs that


are used as conjunctions.
▪ These conjunctions are always used in
pairs.
▪ They join similar elements.

12
Types of Correlative Conjunctions

Both … and Not only … but also Either … or


Neither … nor Whether … or Not … but

13
Correlative Conjunctions
Both … and Both trees and flowers grow colorfully
during summer.
Not only … but also Her report was not only detailed but also
well supported.
Not … but Summer school is not easy but difficult.
Either … or I will either go for a walk or play tennis.
Neither … nor Neither the orchestra nor the chorus was
able to overcome the terrible acoustics in
the church
14
“
Thank you

15

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