Special Issue - 2020 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2020 Conference Proceedings

Adaptive Headlight System for Automobiles

Aishwarya J Amrutha R Dhanalakshmi M S
Student: Dept. of ECE Student: Dept. of ECE Student: Dept. of ECE
GSSSIETW, Mysuru GSSSIETW, Mysuru GSSSIETW, Mysuru
Karnataka Karnataka Karnataka

N Rakshitha Mr. Yashonidhi Yajman

Student: Dept. of ECE Assistant Professor
GSSSIETW, Mysuru Dept. of ECE, GSSSIETW
Karnataka Mysuru, Karnataka, India

Abstract- Now a days driving at night with conventional front Figure 1 shows the headlight control of the vehicle by Adaptive
luminous system is the major cause for the accidents during headlight system. As shown is this figure the headlamp focus is
night. Routine drivers would know the difficulty in driving on controlled according to the rotation of the steering wheel angle.
highways, in the night, because of the glaring from vehicles This can be shown by the headlamp with Adaptive headlight
coming from opposite direction. Since drivers use high beams
system (AHS) which provides proper illumination of the roads
on national and state highways, it is a lot of nuisance for the
incoming traffic on the opposite direction. Furthermore, when a especially at corner sides. But the headlamp that is fixed
vehicle takes a deep turn, the headlight does not point to the without AHS does not provide proper illumination of road as
direction that we are pursuing. Therefore, we propose an shown.
automation system that illuminates the headlight beam towards
the concerned area when taking a steep turn. Automated
headlight system using Arduino, provides way help fellow
travelers from high beam glares by automatically detecting
traffic from opposite direction and switching the light to low
beam. This helps for the overall travelling drivers to have a
better, safer driving experience and save them from trauma.

Keywords- Automated headlights, Arduino UNO R3, LDR,

Ultrasonic sensor, Potentiometer, LEDs headlight, Bread board.

I. INTRODUCTION

The main aim of this paper is to avoid accidents occurring at

night due to improper lightening condition especially at the
cornering of road and also to design and fabricate a simple Figure 1. Headlight angle control at the corner of road
steering controlled automatic headlight system, that is related
to the arrangement of the headlight. This model is connected Figure 2 shows the headlight intensity control of the
to the front and steering wheel system of an automobiles vehicle that avoids manual switching of headlight and provides
which helps to maintain the headlight members and the front automatic switching of headlight. That is, it switches from high
wheels that is pointed in the same direction at all the times. beam to low beam and vice versa on sensing the vehicles
So, in order to avoid poor visibility and improper illumination coming from the opposite direction which provides improved
of the road, this prototype is designed. It is incorporated with concentration for the drivers and provides reduced driver
two subsystems such as headlight angle control and headlight fatigue.
intensity control.

The Headlight Intensity and Headlight Angle control

are the main aim of Adaptive Headlight System. The
improper lighting condition can be overcome by the
Headlight Angle control with steering mechanism and the
glaring effects can be overcome by Headlight Intensity
Control based on the detection of oncoming vehicle. An
advantage of this system is, it provides automatic switching.

Figure 2. Control of Intensity of Headlight

Volume 8, Issue 13 Published by, www.ijert.org 83

 Special Issue - 2020 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2020 Conference Proceedings

II. LITERATU REREVIEW IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Adaptive headlights are an active safety feature
Pablo Fernandez et al. presented a system to recognize the designed to make driving at night or in low-light conditions
vehicle coming from opposite direction during night using safer by increasing visibility around curves and over hills.
camera and switches the headlight between low beam and Proposed system controls two operations: One is to control the
high beam to avoid the glares.[3]. N Keerthi et al. proposed a angle of the headlight and another is to control the intensity of
low cost solar powered automatic headlight controller the headlight.
depending upon the traffic density on the roads. The low
beam light and high beam light are used for different When driving on the curve road, standard headlights
conditions which affecting the travelling on road.[4]. C K continue to shine straight ahead, illuminating the side of the
Chan et al. has been presented the Simulink model to estimate road and leaving the road ahead of you in the dark. Adaptive
the function of different parts of the Advanced headlight headlights, on the other hand, turn their beams according to
system before building a physical model.[6] your steering input so that the vehicle’s actual path is lit up.
This is achieved by using single turn potentiometer as steering
PengfieSong et al. proposed the system to control input which senses the steering wheel position. The voltage
the headlight angle based on automobile steering wheel using value of the pot is read by Arduino Uno R3, a 8-bit micro-
CAN/LIN network.[5]. Kalyani Gaikwad, Ramesh Mali controller and thus according to the Arduino output corner and
proposed the system in order to improve the drivers vision to deep corner LEDs are turned ON.
view the correct path on curve roads at night. It eradicates
Troxler effect using CAN/LIN bus, steering wheel, LCD.[7]. Similarly during a night drive in a highway, driving
RotarDon presented the system to achieve a correct path on right side of a one way has become too hard mainly because of
curve roads by adjusting the headlight position. The the glare that is coming from a vehicle coming in the opposite
automatic headlight position is controlled using direction, this may sometimes cause the driver to crash to the
microcontroller.[10] vehicle in front of him, switching to low beam is the solution
for it but people tend to forget it. So in our project we intend to
Raghavendra L R et al. works on automatic automate this by measuring the intensity values from the
headlight angle control at sharp turns or corners, headlight opposite vehicle using LDR and sensing the distance between
intensity control and also automatic indicator on and off incoming vehicle and subject vehicle using ultrasonic sensor in
system. [1]. Jyotiraman De aims to control the beam angle turn reducing accidents. The block diagram of the proposed
using LED based on steering wheel rotation and it also solves system is shown in the Figure 3.
glare problem. [13]. Harshal Mohite et al. provides the
solutionto develop the Adaptive headlight system. Adaptive
headlight system controls the headlight angle and headlight
intensity using Electric Power System.[14]. As we can see in
our day to day life, the cars with a stationary headlight. In
some of the high end models of the car we can see a side light
with the main headlight. This modern technology first
appeared in 2003 on the Porsche Cayenne (fixed) and the
Mercedes E-class (motorized). Soon other manufacturers
followed them such as the BMW with the adaptive headlights
and cornering lights. Also while taking a look at the high
beam low beam switching its completely manual, the driver
sometimes be negligent to switching these as required. All the Figure 3. Block Diagram of AHS
existing systems in automobile industry had the following
drawbacks. They do not adapt to changing environments
while driving automatically. This may cause a lot of nuisance
to the users.

III. PROBLEMSTATEMENT

1. The system helps the driver to focus the headlight on

correct path as the steering turns on either direction on
curve roads at night.
2. Another serious problem for drivers during night is
Glare effect. When the person exposes to very bright
light, experiences a blurred vision. To avoid the glare
effect, the headlight changes from high beam to low
Figure 4. Right headlamp steering assembly
beam and vice-versa.

Volume 8, Issue 13 Published by, www.ijert.org 84

 Special Issue - 2020 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2020 Conference Proceedings

100° then both corner and deep corner LEDs are switched ON.

Now for the glare problem, to measure the intensity of

the opposite vehicle we use two LDRs near each headlight and
to detect the distance between the incoming vehicle and subject
vehicle we use ultrasonic sensor. The low beam LED (LED1)
will always be glowing. High beam LED (LED2) is turned
OFF, if the intensity is more than specific value and distance
measured by ultrasonic sensor is less than specific value. Once
the vehicle passes by again high beam LED (LED2) will glow,
this again saving driver’s effort to manually switch dim-dip
Figure 5. Angular division of Pot headlight.

A. WORKING Figure 6 shows the basic software flowchart of the

proposed Automatic Headlight System (AHS).
The working of the proposed system is explained in
detail below:
Firstly the luminosity of the surrounding is sensed by the
LDR present on the windshield. The headlight will be turned
ON only if the luminosity value is less than the specific value.
The headlight is checked whether it is in disabled state, then
both the features are not ON. By this driver need not to turn
ON or OFF the headlight manually. Potentiometer acts as the
steering wheel input. Coming to the flow of the program, first
we need to read the analog values that is given by the steering
mounted in the potentiometer. Potentiometer can rotate upto
300°. The headlights LEDs work based on the increase or
decrease in the potentiometer voltage value from the median
value (i.e. when the steering is turned right or left).

The LED arrangement in headlight is shown in

Figure 4. This series of LED gets input from the Arduino Figure 6. Flow chart of proposed AHS
based on which they work. The low beam LED (LED1) will
always be turned ON. The high beam LED (LED2) changes
according to the Arduino output which in turn changes with Advantages
the LDR value, this will be explained in detail later. The  It isa cost effective system.
Arduino gets the input value from pot, compares it with the  This proposed system can be easily incorporated in low and
threshold values and then send output value to the series of medium level cars.
LEDs in headlight. The angular division of pot is shown in  It provides safe driving for driver’s andpedestrians.
Figure 5. When the steering wheel input angle (pot angle) is
 It is highly reliable and done with easily available components
between -50° to +50° (i.e. pot value between220 and 650) that
and it is easy toinstall.
is the steering is at center then all the corner (LED3 and
LED4) and deep corner (LED5 and LED6) LEDs of both  Human effort will be reduced and is a robust system and also
right and left headlight are switched OFF. provides quick response time.

Disadvantages
During Right turn, the corner and deep cornerLEDs  It needs continuous power supply.
of left headlight are switched OFF. Consider right headlight
 It can be disturbed due to street lights.
shown in Figure 4,when the pot angle isbetween +50° and
+100° (i.e. pot value between 650 and 890) then corner LEDs
(LED3 and LED4)are switched ON and deep corner LEDs Applications
(LED5 and LED6) are switched OFF and when steering is
between +100° and +150° then both corner and deep corner  They allow for safer driving and avoid blinding other vehicles
LEDs are switched ON. or pedestrians.
 They improve driving in adverse weather.
During Left turn, the corner and deep corner LEDs  It is also used in two wheeler vehicles like sports bike etc.,
of right headlight are switched OFF. Consider left headlight,  Smart vehicles required for smart city.
when the pot angle is between -100° and -50° (i.e. pot value
between 200 and 390) then corner LEDs (LED3 and LED4) V. CONCLUSION
are switched ON and deep cornerLEDs (LED 5 and LED6)
are switched OFF and whensteering is between -150° and- At night, driving a vehicle on cornering of road can

Volume 8, Issue 13 Published by, www.ijert.org 85

 Special Issue - 2020 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
NCCDS - 2020 Conference Proceedings

be quite challenging. The straight illumination of the [11]G.Ravi Kumar: “Advanced Head-Light Controlling System for
Automobile” Volume: 03 Issue: 10 | Oct - 2016.
headlamps makes it difficult to accommodate for sharp turns.
Lack of visibility at turns in narrow roads can prove to be [12] Peng Huang “Study and Design of CAN / LIN Hybrid Network of
Automotive Body” Vol. 940, pp469-474.
fatal collision of vehicle. [13] Jyotiraman De, “Universal Adaptive Headlight System” 2014 IEEE
International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES),
The system is inexpensive, simple and dependable PP: 7-10 (IEEE2014).
assembly. This proposed model can be used in small and [14] Harshal Mohite, Bhushan Mahangade, Maruti Gholase and Sharada
medium level cars also, which reduces the accident rate by Kattgihalimath, “Intelligent and Adaptive Headlight with Electronic
Controlled Power Steering System (IAEPS)”, 2015, International
illuminating the blind spots and eliminating the glaring Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Karnataka.
effects due to oncoming vehicle by headlight angle and beam
control mechanisms. This system is cost efficient, and it can
be proven to be even more effective as it automatically dims
its light when a vehicle comes at a closer distance, and thus,
providing a better vision to the person.
Adaptive headlight system thus can be used as
accessory in all running vehicles for proper illumination of
road according the driving situation. This ensures higher
degree of active safety in vehicles and assistance to driver.

ACKNOWLEDEMENT

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to our institution

GSSS Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women,
for their extensive support and a great exposure which
helped us to accomplish this project, it has helped us to
understand and develop various skills and upgrade ourselves
and we would like to thank our guide for his support to make
this project a success.
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