北京新东方 GRE 万炜

【新 GRE】Issue 题库

This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical

Writing section of the GRE® revised General Test.

When you take the test, you will be presented with one

Issue topic from this pool.

Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or

statements followed by specific task instructions that

tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of

some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is

presented here. Also, because there may be multiple

versions of some topics with similar or identical

wording but with different task instructions, it is very

important to read your test topic and its specific task

directions carefully and respond to the wording as it

appears in the actual test.

科技类

科技带来的好处与坏处，科学是否真正解决了人类问题，我们是否应

当依赖科学
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve

problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves

will surely deteriorate.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

支持：

1. It is no longer necessary for humans to rely on their

own brain to deal with many problems as a result of

advanced technology. Evidence: Complex calculation,

word processing, information gathering, and etc.

反驳：

2. Advanced technology renders possible many

unthinkable tasks that require even more brainwork

than anything humans have engaged in before.

Evidence: space exploration, genetics, quantum

mechanics, you name it.

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3. Technology advancement itself requires genius

innovative ideas. Evidence: from the first Apple

desktop, to MacBook, to Tablet Computer, to Smart

Phone…Each step requires the bravest vision and the

perfect execution.

4. Technology develops, sometimes before we know

how to correctly use them, and thereby generates

many problems that did not exist before. These

problems all require us to come up with effective

solution. Evidence: Pollution, energy crisis…

26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary

life prevent people from developing into truly strong

and independent individuals.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

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1. People become too reliant on technology to solve

problems on their own.

2. A perfect material life has become the sole drive for

many who no longer have an independent worldview.

Evidence: just describe the too many material guys

and material girls we see nowadays. （参见翻译练习）

3. Convenient life makes room for more challenging

tasks that give rise to a new generation of brilliant

minds.（可以借用第 1 题）

43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes

more problems than it solves.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

分情况讨论：

1. 产生的问题，物理层面：健康，污染，能源
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

2. 心理层面的各种心理问题，人际交流的肤浅

3. 解决的问题：（信息、交通的快捷，生产的快捷）

交流的方便

物质生活的丰富

每一个段内都是列举+对比古今

33 & 109

33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not

become more comprehensible, but more complex and

mysterious.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

三件事情可以完全同时存在

Each scientific breakthrough sheds light on regions of

the universe that used to evade our understanding and

brings us closer to the truth. Evidence: the invention of

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

telescope and later instruments used in astronomy

solved many puzzling problems. (eclipse – moon

devoured by a heavenly monster → relative position of

moon, sun and earth → accurately predict the precise

moment an eclipse takes place); the invention of

microscope and later instruments used in

microbiology and particle physics revealed the hidden

truth that used to escape our observation (infection →

caused by microorganisms → antibiotic)

With our knowledge expanding, inevitably the system

becomes bigger and more complex. Evidence: All kinds

of new heavenly bodies discovered through telescopes

(star, planet, comet → asteroid, neutron star, white

dwarf, supernova, red giant, nebula, intergalactic

substance, black hole, dark matter; The complex

genetic codes, subatomic structures, 26 fundamental

particles…)

As knowledge grows, humans have set their minds on

topics that were not even thinkable in the past, so of

course many new problems are generated and will

seem mysterious until solved one day. Evidence: How

dark matters interact with the observables; How to

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

unify the four major forces, are these fundamental

particles really “fundamental”?

109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries

have given us a much better understanding of the

world around us. Others believe that science has

revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex

than we ever realized.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use

of technology significantly reduces our opportunities

for human interaction. Other people believe that

technology provides us with new and better ways to

communicate and connect with one another.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

科技造成了人际交流的不足：（过分关注 virtual space，忽略真

正有意义的人际关系：朋友，家庭）

科技造成了人类摄取知识的不足：（社交媒体信息量，八卦太多，我

们关注快餐文化，却不再反思）

但是，正确的使用，科技完全可以促进我们的交流：

（transportation, information 都带来了远距离沟通的方便）

知识的获取也因为科技来变得更加容易（古代，穷学生再聪明也没钱

读书-现在普通的大学生只要上图书馆就能获得最先进的前沿信息）

合适的教育方法，多媒体的使用

101. Although innovations such as video, computers,

and the Internet seem to offer schools improved

methods for instructing students, these technologies

all too often distract from real learning.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. The catchy news, the social network, and all kinds

of recreation devices all distract students too much.

Too much information that is easy to acquire makes

students less inclined to think on their own.

2. Teachers can save lots of time when conducting a

lecture. Evidence: Slide show, computer evaluation…

Diverse ways of teaching makes classes more

interesting to participate in.

Closer and easier connection between teachers and

students improve the quality of teaching.

3. Schools have a wider audience than the past.

Evidence: Internet teaching…

Students have better access to information, especially

to the most recent development.

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64. The human mind will always be superior to

machines because machines are only tools of human

minds.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. Machines are tools of humans: 肯定，列举 (from the

ancient wheels to the modern large hadron colliders,

technologies of different eras all serve human

purposes)

2. Human mind will always be superior.

大脑比机器先进？

分情况讨论：

运算的准确性，速度，耐力的对比（拆分+对比）机器>人

记忆力（对比）机器>人

但是：创造力，想象力：人>机器，引入文章理由（拆分+对比）
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3. 补充说明：创造力来源于大脑结构的复杂度，目前机器的复杂度

仍然小于大脑，但是我们无法预测未来

是否应该限制科学，科学研究的现实目的

23, 36, 59, 72 & 131

23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions

on scientific research and development.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

1. Governments should issue a strict ban on research

with unclear ethical implication. Evidence: Cloning

technology is widely banned because of its ethically

problematic nature (religious issue& issue regarding

personal identity).
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2. Regarding research that may pose threats to

people’s physical safety, government should strictly

limit its application but kindly encourage its study.

(transgenic study, toxicology…)

3. Regarding research without immediate application,

the case is different based on a particular country’s

economic strength. Governments in underdeveloped

regions should use its research funding more prudently

in areas with short-term effect. Evidence: The problem

of scientific research with unclear consequences is

twofold. First, it costs tons of money. Second, its

effect is unpredictable. Yet underdeveloped regions

have neither the money to waste nor the time to wait

for the effect to happen. However, Governments in

relatively developed regions should carefully provide

financial support for researches even if their

consequences may be temporarily unclear. Evidence:

Technological strength marks a nation’s current global

status (see U.S. after World War II).

Many now influential technologies did not seem at all

promising when first developed (See Riemann

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Geometry, World Wide Web, Quantum Mechanics, and

the Theory of Relativity…).

36. Governments should not fund any scientific

research whose consequences are unclear.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their

research on areas that are likely to benefit the

greatest number of people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and explain how these examples shape your position.

72. Governments should not fund any scientific

research whose consequences are unclear.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their

investigations to only those areas in which they

expect to discover something that has an immediate,

practical application.

Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a

line of research with any certainty.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

91. The primary goal of technological advancement

should be to increase people's efficiency so that they

have more leisure time.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. 作者的假设：efficiency->leisure time。这个假设有道理的

情况：工作总量不变。转折：然而，明显工作总量在增加，是时间很

可能不变。（对比古今的效率和闲暇时间）

2. 然而提高效率是有意义的，即便不增加闲暇，也能增加总量（对

比+拆分）一定要落到今天物质的丰富对我们的价值，以及这种丰富

来源于效率的提高

3. 提高效率还能够解决急迫问题（能源、环境、疾病）列举。能源

利用的效率提高；燃烧过程中燃料利用率提高减少排放；医疗体系效

率的增强，医用物品配送效率的提高……
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

成果的来源，新手与门外汉

27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely

than the expert to make important contributions.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

科技：门槛高，需要大量的理论积累，实验观察→老手

政治：需要大量的人际资源，需要培养城府→老手

商业：Jobs

（前期：创意，大胆的理念带动了计算机领域的革新，当时的问题，

不会管理，公司内部矛盾，自己被排挤出自己创造的公司；后期：多

次失败，回归体现的是，多了管理企业的能力，更加的注重团队之间

的合作）

艺术：

新手：新鲜空气；老手：艺术中包含更多人生阅历的积淀

Vincent Van Gogh 并没有受过充足的写实主义的训练，却使得他

发展出了印象派，不再拘泥于对于客观现实的符合，而利用多变的光
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

影去追求纯粹的美。Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo 等人从

小接受正统的写实主义训练，extended and exploited the

limits of realism，达到了登峰造极的地步

The speaker asserts that beginners are more likely to

make significant contributions than experts. As we

examine different fields of inquiry, we shall see that

while in arts and modern business, it is indeed the

beginners that often achieve great things, still in

politics and science fundamental progress still more

often relies on the expert opinions of established

figures. Therefore, I believe the speaker’s view is

inaccurate.

To begin with, because the art world emphasizes more

on creative spirit than on particular techniques, with

more courage to transcend the past, beginners indeed

often come up with brilliant masterpieces. For

example, …

Similar phenomenon can also be observed in modern

business world, because …

However, political world requires X, Y, Z and W, Which

all can be gained only through years of practice. …

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Furthermore, in modern science, it is also quite

difficult for beginners to fundamentally change the

existing theories because of their limited resources

and experiences. …

Overall, I believe that while …, nonetheless …

143, 108 & 110

143. No field of study can advance significantly unless

it incorporates knowledge and experience from

outside that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

自然科学（理化生只是尺度的不同，生物研究进入细胞内必然需要化

学，化学研究进入分子内部必然需要粒子物理）

人文学科（文史作为哲学的基础和工具）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

工程类（作为应用学科，必然需要理论学科的依据和关于应用领域的

了解）

数学（让步反驳：数学真理确实不依赖其它学科真理；但是数学在其

它学科的应用可以推动数学的发展，比如黎曼几何在相对论的应用）

108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has

little value unless it comes from someone who is an

expert in that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. 入门门槛很高的理论研究领域，世俗中人很难给予帮助。

科学院物理教授，收到 SX 的信，说统一了四大作用力。

领域的需要：大量的数学工具，非欧几何，线性代数，微积分……，

大量的实验数据，很多实验需要的证据必须来自极高能量下的现象，

即便学术界也达不到

SX：哲学反思，没有证据，没有严谨推理，只有“一腔热血”。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

依此类推各科

2. 那些本来就和大众打交道的领域，显然需要社会人给予意见。

学科特点：赚大众的钱，服务大众，离不开大众的意见。

假想：记者->报道->深入基层，了解最底层人民的疾苦，让社会感动

->好评->坚持

假想：儿童产品广告->低级趣味的笑话->客户的投诉->产品卖不出去

->SX 才会不理用户的反馈

3. 所有领域，其实都会需要外学科专家的意见。

(1) 经济学需要数学

(2) 工程学离不开多方面的指导……

(3) 数学它的发展方向的选择也需要其它应用领域给予意见

110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has

little value unless it comes from someone who is an

expert in that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

成果的来源，理性与实践
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty

to spend time working outside the academic world in

professions relevant to the courses they teach.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

肯 定 Applied study: They teach skills rather than

theories. (Medicine, journalism) Its requirement

changes with the society. (Computer Science)

否定 Theoretical Study: Evidence comes from past lab

research, observation (natural sciences), books,

discussion and reasoning (philosophy).

否定 Artists: require free time to reflect freely about life,

beauty and humanity. Freelancer

成果的来源，想象力的作用

105, 106 & 126

105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than

experience.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Reason: People who lack experience are free to

imagine what is possible without the constraints of

established habits and attitudes.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

106. In most professions and academic fields,

imagination is more important than knowledge.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

艺术（Avatar, Van Gogh vs. Da Vinci）

参见 No. 5-3 Section A 短阅读

各领域中两者都有重要作用

学术界（凯库勒发现苯环 benzene 结构）（参见翻译练习）

商业（Jobs：想象力帮助他设想未来产品，tablet computer, Siri,

iCloud；知识帮助这些技术成为可能）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

126. In most professions and academic fields,

imagination is more important than knowledge.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

成果的来源，运气

56. Many important discoveries or creations are

accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to

one question that we come across the answer to

another.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. 地理大发现：哥伦布
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

2. 科学：青霉素+苯环

不能走向极端，偶然性有作用，但是必然性作用更大

青霉素当中 Alexander Fleming 本身研究的敏锐性和严谨性，苯

环当中知识的作用

（青霉素的例子：Penicilin, Alexander Fleming 本来在做

bacteria 的培养实验，结果培养基 culture 被意外污染

contaminated。他的助手想要丢掉这个被污染的培养皿，但是它

认为里头细菌的死亡不会是意外，他就研究了什么杀死了细菌，发现

了青霉素）

社会与文化类

研究社会的方法

2. To understand the most important characteristics of

a society, one must study its major cities.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

经济（大城市什么样的经济现象体现了什么样的社会经济特点）
（拆

分，参见翻译练习）（参见翻译练习）

科技的应用（科技在大城市中的应用；transportation,

automation, information）

文化（传统 vs.流行）

According to the statement, it is necessary to examine

its major cities in order to accurately understand a

society. As we examine different aspects of a society,

we shall see that major cities do reflect, relatively

accurately, a nation’s economic development. However,

technological development and cultural traits are not

fully depicted in large cities. Therefore, the speaker’s

view, in my opinion, is inaccurate.

To begin with, as the thermometer of a nation’s

economy, large cities’ booming or recession can both

represent similar phenomena on a national scale. Take

Beijing, the capital of China, for example. …

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

However, a nation’s overall technological strength is

not dispersed evenly across its entire territory, and as

a result, large cities’ technological power does not

fully disclose how well advanced innovation is applied

throughout the country.

Moreover, as a complex concept itself, culture is not

fully disclosed by the cultural elements we observe in

a large city. On one hand, I do agree that pop culture

and fashionable elements are most often seen in those

metropolitans. … On the other hand, just because of

the impact from fashion, traditional culture loses its

appeal more quickly in large cities. …

22 & 122

22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of

a society is to examine the character of the men and

women that the society chooses as its heroes or its

role models.

Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's

highest ideals.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

先说 reason：英雄确实体现了社会的最高理念，它们体现了人们所

追求的东西

成功观（古今对比）（参见翻译练习）

道德理想（中西对比或者古今对比）我们经常追捧的英雄人物是舍小

家为大家，甚至连自己家庭都不顾，体现的是一种极端的利他主义要

求；美国经常谈论的英雄人物确实为了保护家庭对抗坏人，显然更符

合人性。

再说 claim：承认确实能够体现社会的最高追求，但是也意味着不

能体现社会中残酷的现实

生活水平，道德水平（对比英雄和平民）

122. The best way to understand the character of a

society is to examine the character of the men and

women that the society chooses as its heroes or its

role models.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

77. The most effective way to understand

contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its

youth.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

Born and raised in contemporary world, it is the young

people who are the most deeply influenced by values

of contemporary world. （男女、种族、取向平等，民主，世

界化的理念）

Many aspects of contemporary culture arise in recent

years. Since most middle aged and elderly people are

not used to changes, most of these new phenomena

are attributed to a society’s young people, the group

that is the most ready to embrace exotic ideas and to

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

subvert existing patterns. As a result, by examining

young people’s habits and minds, we can know a lot

about the trends of society. In fact, almost every new

fashion is led by young people, as can be seen from

things they wear, programs they watch, language they

use and even people they date…

However, because of the limit in their financial power

and political strength, young people’s voice is quite

weak in areas with high threshold, like politics and

business. The organization and operation of these

fields are determined by the social elites, who often

have accumulated their resources and cultivated their

sophistication for decades. For example, in China’s

political world… (connection > policy) 与年轻人的理想性

反而是相矛盾的

大城市的重要性

5 & 117

5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major

cities receive the financial support they need in order

to thrive.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural

traditions are preserved and generated.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

大城市起源：人群聚集地，流传的文化要有足够的从事者，尤其古代

只有大城市才有人群的密集。（建筑、歌剧、交响乐）

小地方起源：浓厚乡土气息，地方特色，与众不同，非主流（牛仔、

乡村音乐）

Preservation

大城市的保存：静态的（博物馆、艺术馆）

小地方的保存：自然的传承（受到的文化冲击小，对比大城市）

Claim:

有道理，不管 reason 对不对，都应该提供大城市的发展，因为他

仍然是社会经济、科技、政治、交通等的枢纽……

117. It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural

traditions are generated and preserved.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

平民与精英

28, 85, 113, 120, 121, 127 & 145

28. The surest indicator of a great nation is

represented not by the achievements of its rulers,

artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its

people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

范文
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

伟人成就的非充分性：（前苏联，有大量成就，但是人民水深火热，

国家很快垮了，不算伟大；春秋时期的中国，国家混乱，每个小国都

不强大，但是是历史上伟人最多的时刻）

人民幸福的非充分性（北欧诸国，有好的福利，没有什么重大成就，

我们不觉得它们伟大）When we talk about great nations,

normally people would not think about nations like

Iceland, Norway, Finland or Luxemburg. These nations,

although wealthy enough to have almost

insurmountable welfare systems, generally are not

deemed as the greatest ones in the world. …

两者的必要（从古至今各文明古国，古希腊，英国，美国，同时实现

两者）

85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a

society must put its own overall success before the

well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that

the well-being of a society can only be measured by

the general welfare of all its people.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

of the views presented.

113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not

the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.

Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is

actually the welfare of all its people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must

be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.

Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers,

artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the

majority of that nation's people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a

nation is great by looking at the achievements of its

rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general

welfare of all its people.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the

achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but

the general well-being of all its people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a

better indication of that nation's greatness than are

the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

学习与教育类

教育的根本目的，是适应社会还是塑造个性，是以现实考虑为重还是

理想化，是培养专才还是培养完善的个人

3, 15, 20, 32, 35, 39, 98, 129, 135, 136 & 137

3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to

dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in

which they are unlikely to succeed.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

支持：

按照现实考虑的意义（假想 40 岁搞打击乐没钱的状况）

反驳：

很难判断所谓容易成功/热门/赚钱多——很多热门后来都变得不热，

很多冷门后来发展很快（商科；计算机↑；生物）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

副作用（离开了兴趣反而难以成功）：列举周围的现象——孩子从小

喜欢艺术、运动……→家长非得让他学医、商、法→孩子没兴趣→堕

落→失败；任何行业 NB 的人都是有着 passion 的人

从社会的层面中，这种建议会导致一部分专业缺乏足够的人才。

15. Educational institutions should actively encourage

their students to choose fields of study that will

prepare them for lucrative careers.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

20. Some people believe that college students should

consider only their own talents and interests when

choosing a field of study. Others believe that college

students should base their choice of a field of study on

the availability of jobs in that field.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

32. College students should base their choice of a field

of study on the availability of jobs in that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

35. Educational institutions should dissuade students

from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely

to succeed.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

39. College students should be encouraged to pursue

subjects that interest them rather than the courses

that seem most likely to lead to jobs.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

98. Educational institutions should actively encourage

their students to choose fields of study in which jobs

are plentiful.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

129. College students should base their choice of a

field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

135. Educational institutions should actively

encourage their students to choose fields of study that

will prepare them for lucrative careers.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

136. Educational institutions should actively

encourage their students to choose fields of study in

which jobs are plentiful.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to

dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in

which they are unlikely to succeed.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

13, 46, 70, 102, 112 & 140

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

13. Universities should require every student to take a

variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

It is necessary to understand a variety of subjects

even if one’s only goal is to get a good grade. Evidence:

Many fields have an interdisciplinary nature.

Economics is based on math, biology on chemistry,

philosophy on history and linguistics, public health on

politics and finance, and etc.

As long as one aims to excel in an industry in the future,

a wide repertoire will prove essential in unexpected

ways. Evidence: Steve Jobs did not intend to profit

from his typography knowledge, even though he ended

up benefitting a lot from that class in college.

The current college education system focuses on

analytic thinking; however, knowledge on humanity is

also essential for a person’s growth. Evidence: The

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

access to literature, movies, philosophy and art makes

people reflect on the essential human problems.

Students will benefit from these experiences and

come out as persons with concerns not just about

themselves but about the whole humanity. （参见翻译练

习）

Students may find it time-wasting and too challenging

to pick a course that they are not familiar with.

Evidence: Most students skip classes and pick the

“easy” courses because they care about nothing but

grades.

The fact that students will not voluntarily select these

outside courses only makes it more necessary for

college to enforce the rule on students. Evidence: The

job of colleges is not to make life easy for students, but

to make their stay in college worthwhile.

46. Universities should require every student to take a

variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

70. Claim: Universities should require every student to

take a variety of courses outside the student's major

field of study.

Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic

disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

102. Universities should require every student to take

a variety of courses outside the student's field of

study.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

consequences shape your position.

112. Requiring university students to take a variety of

courses outside their major fields of study is the best

way to ensure that students become truly educated.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

140. Some people believe that universities should

require every student to take a variety of courses

outside the student's field of study. Others believe that

universities should not force students to take any

courses other than those that will help prepare them

for jobs in their chosen fields.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all

college students should be required to take courses in

which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other

types of imaginative literature.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

观点：作者的建议有价值，但因为这不是唯一的方法，所以不应该强

迫，只应该鼓励学生学这些课程。

培养想象力：（想象力对于自然科学的意义 Kekule）

培养人文精神：（人文精神对于各领域的作用+imaginative

literature 为什么包含了大量的人文精神的素材）小说、科幻中经

常包含对于社会问题的反思和对人性恶的揭露

转折：
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

培养想象力（扯淡；科学的想象力和文学作品的想象力没有直接关系。

而且，科学的关键不在于想象，而在于证明：凯库勒）

人文精神的培养有其它途径 (literary study, news, politics,

philosophy)

51 & 71

51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue

long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate

fame and recognition.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

The speaker asserts that … While we see many

successful people guided by their life-long goals, we

also see plenty of achieved individuals with immediate

fame always on their one. From my perspective, for

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

young people, it is not the goal itself that matters, but

the effort he will make to achieve that goal.

A long-term goal serves as the beacon in one’s life,

always guiding one to overcome all kinds of obstacles.

(Jobs) If one lacks such a driving force, he may end up

becoming addicted to immediate comfort. In fact, this

is probably the reason why the speaker recommends

the young people not to focus on immediate fame.（娱

乐圈很多人成名之后放纵自己，就死了）

但仍然有不少人追求的不是什么人生理想的实现，至少不是什么特别

崇高的人生理想的实现，也能够取得成功。他们可能追求的就是钱，

名誉，地位，然后为此付出不懈的努力。（Andy Warhol, Lady

Gaga – the Fame, Li Na）

In fact, what matters is not whether you have long

term goals or just focus on immediate fame; what

matters is whether for whatever goal you set, you will

work hard to achieve it.（进一步分析上面那些成功的人，无论

是有长远目标，还是追求名誉的人，如何通过超人的努力来实现这些

目标）On the contrary, even if one has long-term plan, as

long as he does not work hard toward it, the plan will

always remain an empty plan.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue

long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate

fame and recognition.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

合适的教学方法，统一或多样化，是否关注个体

6, 14, 96 & 116

6. A nation should require all of its students to study

the same national curriculum until they enter college.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

1. 基本课程是必须强行要求的（说理）

2. 统一课程对于穷国的意义（说理）减少书本编纂、教师培训、大

学招生的成本

转折：

3. 灵活课程在大部分情况下都有重要的价值。在有能力开起多样性

课程的情况下，仍然要求所有人，尤其是高年级学生都统一，会导致

兴趣不能发挥，甚至上大学都不知道自己学什么。因此，有经济实力

的国家不该这么做。（描述中国现状）

4. 对于地方文化的传承有着重要作用。

14. A nation should require all of its students to study

the same national curriculum until they enter college.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

96. A nation should require all of its students to study

the same national curriculum until they enter college.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

116. A nation should require all of its students to study

the same national curriculum until they enter college.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all

required courses and eliminate elective courses in

order to provide clear guidance for students.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Reason: College students—like people in

general—prefer to follow directions rather than make

their own decisions.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

Reason：诚然，有一部分人不喜欢自己做决定，喜欢盲从。（列举

常见现象）

然而，真正成功的大学生都是自己喜欢掌握自己命运的。

Claim: 即便 reason 正确，我们也不应该姑息这种不良的习惯。

自我做决定的价值。（说理：大学的意义；未来社会中自我做选择的

需要）

不可行性：（没法统一各种课程选择，首先没有明确的专业；进入了

某专业，也有各种具体的研究方向需要选择）

37. Society should identify those children who have

special talents and provide training for them at an

early age to develop their talents.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

According to the prompt, society should identify

talented young children and provide them with

relevant training. It is not to deny that the underlying

rationale is reasonable, provided that the policy seems

to prevent the society from losing valuable talents just

because their families may not be up to the task of

giving them their deserved education. However, it is

almost impossible to impartially identify talented

youngsters, let alone this policy is a biased use of tax

dollars on only a group of people. Overall, I disagree

with the speaker.

To begin with, this proposal may seem initially

appealing because it appears to nurture geniuses with

the extra-special attention they need. …

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

However, after careful deliberation, this seemingly fair

policy cannot possibly start its identification process

at a fair beginning line. …

Furthermore, it is simply unfair to spend tax dollars,

which should be distributed among all children, on only

a very small group of already well-endowed people. …

In conclusion, …

40, 47 & 90

40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should

take into account the interests and suggestions of

their students.

Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when

they are interested in what they are studying.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

47. Educators should find out what students want

included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

这么做的首要好处是能够增加课程对于学生的吸引力。（假想举例）

这里包含两个方面：课程内容的吸引力和课程形式的吸引力。

其次，对于高年级学生，毫无疑问，这个建议更能够满足学生的发展

需要，目的性更强。（说理：高年级学生的特点；课程：不再是基本

能力的培养）

然而，建议存在着一定的漏洞，即学生所想要/不想要的并不能准确

反映他们真正的需要，尤其在低年级阶段。

可操作性问题：必须考虑经济、教育实力，以及不能仅因个别人的需

要改变课程体系。

90. Educators should take students' interests into

account when planning the content of the courses they

teach.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

合适的教学方法，鼓励与批评

24, 29 & 52

24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions

and ignore negative ones.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

参考范文
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

家长 vs.孩子（知识、道德、个人能力）

老师 vs.学生（只关注知识，注重团体）

雇主 vs.雇员（只注重业绩，不再事无巨细）

29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator,

employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and

ignore negative ones.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions

and ignore negative ones.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

合适的教学方法，知识的联系

48 & 92

48. Educators should teach facts only after their

students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts

that help explain those facts.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

作者的动机：联系性的学习是非常必要的，单独学习 facts 几乎没

有价值，也难以掌握。（分类详细展开；历史的起因影响>事情发生

的时间地点等信息本身，F=ma 离开了对概念和应用的理解是没有

价值的）

然而，作者要求的这个顺序是没有必要。（说理）完全可以先介绍具

体的事实作为依托再展开讨论。

并且，极端基本的知识，是不需要背景展开的。（1+1=2）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

92. Educators should base their assessment of

students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but

on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and

concepts that those facts illustrate.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

比上个题多的

这种评价体系可能涉及过多的主观考量，因而具有很差的操作性。反

驳：即便答案都是主观的，如果能够在不违背事实的情况下提出属于

自己的见解，本身就是教育的意义。

合适的学习方法，挑战权威

42. Students should always question what they are

taught instead of accepting it passively.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

作者的动机：很多先前以为是真的东西都发现是假的，如果没有质疑

的精神，知识就不能进步。（列举）

当然，我们鼓励这种精神，但是是否一定要 question，要视情况而

定。首先，盲目的认为所有观点是错的显然没有意义，这和盲信没有

任何区别。

其次，不同的阶段，不同的领域，主动学习是有不同的方式。（高端

的自然科学学生，一般的人文领域，question 是没问题；基础的自

然科学，数学，没什么好 question 的，此时主动学习是别的路径）

合适的教学方法，出国与否

82, 97, 100 & 124

82. Colleges and universities should require their

students to spend at least one semester studying in a

foreign country.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

出国的好处：提高知识水平（列举）

出国的好处 2：拓展视野（说理：国际合作的现状；合作要求文化的

包容性；出国对于此点的帮助）

然而，出国的不可行性，对于某些人。（语言，财政）

97. Colleges and universities should require their

students to spend at least one semester studying in a

foreign country.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

100. Colleges and universities should require their

students to spend at least one semester studying in a

foreign country.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

124. All college and university students would benefit

from spending at least one semester studying in a

foreign country.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

合适的教育方法，家长的参与
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

81 & 95

81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to

their children's schools.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

The speaker asserts that all parents should be

required to volunteer time at their children’s schools.

Obviously, this policy can help the schools deal with

shortage of staff and funding as well as improve

students’ sense of community. Although people may

argue that parents do not have the time to do such

voluntary work, after careful deliberation, we shall see

that this policy is not as time-demanding as it may

appears. Overall, I definitely agree with the speaker.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

To begin with, as a sad fact, many American public

primary schools and secondary schools are facing a

huge shortage of government funding. Consequently,

programs are being cut and staff are in shortage.

Therefore, parents’ involvement can to a certain level

mitigate these crises. …

Moreover, the goal of school education is not only to

teach skills and knowledge, but also to cultivate

characters, in particular, a sense of community.

Clearly, for that to happen, teaching by preaching is far

less effective than teaching by action.

However, some people may argue that parents may not

spare so much time doing these voluntary jobs.

However, …

Furthermore, others may argue that it is not parents’

obligation to do what schools are supposed to do.

Once again, this argument is based on the incorrect

notion that once students enter schools, parents’ duty

is over. In fact, parents’ are always obligated to

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

cooperate with school in order to educate children as

effectively as possible. …

95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to

their children's schools.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

教育的现状，限制还是培养

17 & 68

17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and

spirits rather than set them free.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

One of the important goals of education is for students

to become independent and creative individuals who

are ready to step into the society and make

contributions that surpass their predecessors.

However, there are several reasons that cast doubt on

this prospect.

First, formal education tends to provide a fixed set of

methodology, often stressing too much on analytical

and critical thinking and reasoning, but breakthrough

in many fields seems to rely on creative spirit that

extends beyond the limit of rationality. (e.g. Jobs’

criticism on the excessive emphasis on critical and

rational thinking in American college system and his

stress on intuition; Van Gogh’s breakthrough to

impressionism that seems to benefit from his lack of

training in realistic painting)

Second, formal education, the theme of which often

depends on governments’ ideology, often distorts

students’ perception of truth. (often happens in history

classes)
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

However, creativity is not equal to pure random spur of

ideas. No matter in art or in science, creation requires

rational elements. Formal education teaches students

to become adept in manipulating these elements, but

never intentionally confine students’ thoughts and

spirits within the limitation of these instruments. As

long as students themselves are always eager to try

out new approaches, the control of effective

methodology is actually a propeller rather than an

inhibitor of their creative ideas.

First, in science, without intensive training in

scientific methodology, there is simply no ground for

theoretic breakthrough.

Second, even in art, every artistic genre (singing,

dancing, painting, architecture…) requires certain

forms of rational elements. 参见 No. 5-3 Section A 短阅

读 (Leonardo Da Vinci)

Overall, any creation requires one not only to master

the rational tools that derived most easily from formal

training but also to avoid being limited to overusing

those tools. The speaker’s insight does point to some

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

innate flaws of formal education in the extreme form,

but ultimately fails to do justice to the contribution of

formal education.

68. Some people believe that the purpose of education

is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that

formal education tends to restrain our minds and

spirits rather than set them free.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

教育的现状，无法驱动个人

58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline;

students cannot be motivated by school or college

alone.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

低年级学生的驱动分析

支持：自身的部分比较少：一些小孩很小就有爱好，也展现了天赋

反驳：但这是很少的，很多爱好其实也不是天生的，而是家长的启蒙；

很多孩子之所以喜欢一门课是因为老师 nice，老师有意思，老师漂

亮……（原因：孩子缺乏判断力，缺乏对自己的认识，缺乏对社会的

了解……）

高年级学生的驱动分析

家长的作用有限-学生的知识面和见识超过了家长；价值观的分歧

教师有可能-遇到了 inspiring professor，还是可以被激励

学校学习氛围-一个班里学习气氛是被几个人戴起来的

整体靠自己：（有了社会生活压力；更明确自己的喜好）

教育的现状，追求高分的后果

45 & 138
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the

quality of learning at all levels of education.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

坏处：竞争带来心理压力+影响同学关系+偏离教育目的（孩子成为

考试机器）+对于低年级学生的兴趣及信心的打击

好处：提供学习的动力，而且在一定程度上，合理的 grades 设置

能够反映出学生的学习能力（class participation,

presentation, exams, homework…）

社会毕竟需要评判机制，公正性（高年级需要这样的标准）

138. Some people believe that competition for high

grades motivates students to excel in the classroom.

Others believe that such competition seriously limits

the quality of real learning.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

关于教师

30 & 83

30. Teachers' salaries should be based on their

students' academic performance.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

作者有两个假设：

1. 教师的薪水应该体现的是他的教学能力

2. 教师的教学能力能够被学生的学术表现所准确反映（教师的知识

水平，教师的沟通能力->学生的知识的准确性，学生的努力程度）

针对第一条分情况讨论：
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

大学的薪水不仅仅考虑教学能力，更考虑研究实力；但是大部分情况

下薪水确实主要和教学能力联系在一起

针对第二条假设：

1. 教师的知识水平 → 学生所学的东西是对是错

2. 教师的授课技巧，鼓舞能力 → 学生更积极的学习

然而，即便是完全一样的老师，面对不同的学生，似乎也会产生完全

不同的效果。于是，有人会觉得不能完全把老师的薪水和学生成绩挂

钩。

再反驳：真正 NB 的老师，就是能够面对不同的学生，不同的班级

采用不同的教学手段和讲授不同 level 的知识。

结论：fundamentally agree，只是在大学不太适用

83. Teachers' salaries should be based on the

academic performance of their students.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

媒体类

4. Scandals are useful because they focus our

attention on problems in ways that no speaker or

reformer ever could.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

Scandal 的作用

学术界：学术造假、抄袭等丑闻使人们更关注 academic integrity

政治领域：腐败、贪污等丑闻让我们更关注 problems within the

current political system, e.g. excessive individual

power, lack of public supervision

娱乐圈：只不过是吸引眼球，没什么用，有时候明星甚至会刻意制造

丑闻来增加自己的知名度

Reformer 的作用：
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Scandal 无非是让我们关注到了我们本来就知道存在的问题，并不

意味着行动起来。而 reformer 从根本上改变、颠覆了人们的观念，

带领人们进行体制的改革。邓小平的经济改革，Martin Luther

King 的社会改革……

44, 75 & 84

44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to

regard any living man or woman as a hero.

Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to

media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no

longer possible for a society to regard any living man

or woman as a hero.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

结论：英雄人物仍然存在

名人：承认人们大大小小都有些缺陷（各领域列举）；然而，当人们

成就极其巨大时，这些缺陷不足以毁掉名誉（Jobs, Jackson,

Jordan...）

媒体：reason 的部分，为了吸引读者的眼球，媒体确实看似总会挖

掘并曝光人们的缺陷（列举各种被媒体曝出的丑闻，Phelps,

Jackson）；但是，面对平民英雄时，即便为了自身的利益，媒体

也不会去挖掘丑闻

大众：确实很多人缺乏批判性思维，盲信（微博上各种反政府言论会

快速流传）；但是主流媒体服务政府、服务大财团，使得很多人质疑

其可信度。

84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any

living man or woman as a hero.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

艺术类

7. Some people believe that government funding of the

arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish

and be available to all people. Others believe that

government funding of the arts threatens the integrity

of the arts.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

先谈第一句话：毫无疑问，国家对于艺术的支持是必要的：1. 对于

传统文化的传承；2. 艺术馆、博物馆的建立；3. 公立学校艺术课程。

确实存在很多私人募捐，但是私人募捐主要针对的是高雅的艺术，更

多需要的是政府介入，帮助最普通艺术需要得以实现。

第二句话有道理的部分：艺术的实质是真实情感的流露，但当艺术家

受制于政府需要时，其所表达的情感经常是被扭曲的（朝鲜的艺术），

包括中小学的艺术教育内容甚至都是政治性的。

反驳：事实上，政府只要单纯的资助艺术教育本身，不去政策上限制

传播的内容就可以了。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

所以，同意第一句话，第二句话片面。

55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a

novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be

understandable to most people.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

流行艺术（目的就是获得票房；大多数人意见显然就有价值）

前卫艺术（特点：强思想性、前瞻性；大多数人的特点：理解力低下，

思维没有深度）Vincent van Gogh

反主流艺术（目的：宣泄反主流情感，比如重金属音乐的歌词中经常

反映的就是现在社会的根本性的问题）

政治类
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

政府对环保的投入

10, 125 & 148

10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any

remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even

if these areas could be developed for economic gain.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

负面性：经济发展的需求（土地，描述土地稀缺的现状）得不到满足

正面作用：保护环境，原生态区域的价值（分类：森林、湿地、河流

湖泊）

可持续发展时替代方案，在保持环境价值的情况下进行合理开发（分

类：合理采伐、分季节捕捞、生态旅游）参见翻译练习

125. Some people claim that a nation's government

should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural

state. Others argue that these areas should be

developed for potential economic gain.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any

remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

31. Society should make efforts to save endangered

species only if the potential extinction of those

species is the result of human activities.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

作者的道理：这些生物不适应环境，再怎么保护也回不去，不能贡献

给环境（参见翻译练习）

转折

作者假设的错误：存在这么一些生物，生活在我们周边，其濒危不是

我们所影响的。（panda，确实有自己的不适应，然而也受到了人

类的影响）

这些生物还有别的价值。（学术、旅游）

63 & 67

63. There is little justification for society to make

extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in

money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant

species.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

作者有道理的地方：缺钱（动物<人）

转折

作者错误的假设（我们需要花 extraordinary effort 来拯救濒危

生物）（参见翻译练习）

濒危生物的重要价值（环境、研究；生物链，牵一发则动全身；dodo

bird 的灭绝造成了当地一种树的灭绝，
因为那种树的种子需要 dodo

bird 消化来帮助发芽）

这是人类欠生物的，是我们的行为导致它们的灭绝（列举人类破坏环

境的斑斑劣迹）

The speaker claims that there is little justification to

spend a lot of social resources protecting endangered

species. Of courses I shall not deny that human needs

such as jobs and food outweigh animals’ and plants’

rights. However, species protection does not cost as

much as it seems in the first place. Furthermore, it

also brings tremendous long-term value in ecological

balance, cultural enrichment and scientific research.

Overall, I completely disagree with the speaker.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

For starter, I concede that it would be irrational to

argue that human needs should give way to species

protection. After all, as humans, it seems strange to

take on a non-human-centered stance. …

However, the speaker’s assertion relies on an

implausible assumption, that is, species protection

costs extraordinary amount of social resources. …

Finally, protecting endangered creatures is itself an

extremely valuable enterprise because of all the

long-term value it brings. …

67. Some people believe that society should try to save

every plant and animal species, despite the expense to

humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others

believe that society need not make extraordinary

efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to

save endangered species.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

政府对教育的投入

12 & 25

12. Governments should offer a free university

education to any student who has been admitted to a

university but who cannot afford the tuition.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

有道理的地方：大学教育的重要意义（增强社会流动性、社会公正

social fluidity，提高国民素质 in contrast to primary

education）（参见翻译练习）

反面：

可行性：极穷的国家更应该关注的问题不是高等教育，而是……
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

替代方案：助学贷款给穷的，奖学金给牛的->推动努力学习（直接把

钱给学生很可能因为得来容易而不珍惜；只有让他们通过努力才能获

得的机会他们才会珍惜）

25. Governments should offer college and university

education free of charge to all students.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

政府对艺术的投入

80 & 88

80. Nations should suspend government funding for the

arts when significant numbers of their citizens are

hungry or unemployed.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

作者的道理：艺术<基本社会问题（假想举例）。这个 argument

的问题是，按照这个逻辑，所有优先度低于 unemployment 的问

题都该被搁置，环保，科研……但显然我们只需要合理的分配，将更

多的资源给 unemployment 就够了，而不是完全的抛弃其它问题。

无效性：社会贫困更多来源于分配不公，不解决制度问题，这个钱不

会用给穷人（参见翻译练习中的思想）

副作用+替代方案：艺术的流失（传统，小众，比如）；Peking Opera:

significant historical and aesthetic value -> greatly

impacted by pop arts -> survival depending on national

funding ->作者的建议会带来它的流失。艺术产业对于国家的重要

意义 American film industry, French painting, Italian

Opera. 国家的资助不仅是资助艺术门类，还包括艺术教育，艺术

展览，对于艺术的传承和传播都有重要价值。

而且，艺术是社会的精神支柱。在危机时期，恰恰是艺术能够给绝望

的社会带来希望。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding

for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens

are hungry or unemployed.

Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even

cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when

people's basic needs are not being met.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

政府对未来的投入

19. Governments should focus on solving the

immediate problems of today rather than on trying to

solve the anticipated problems of the future.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

必须解决眼前必须解决的问题，否则会造成严重的社会灾难（中国曾

经对于贫困问题的忽视）

仍然有些未来的问题必须解决，因为不解决就可能成为未来难以甚至

无法解决的课题（环境，能源，人口，教育）（参见翻译练习）

各个国家应该视情况而定（极穷的国家 vs.发达的国家：宇航、理论

研究）

政府与民众，是否以民为本

16, 50, 60, 86, 114, 115 & 139

16. Some people believe that in order to be effective,

political leaders must yield to public opinion and

abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others

believe that the most essential quality of an effective

leader is the ability to remain consistently committed

to particular principles and objectives.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

观点：两件事情本来就不矛盾，为了实现最有价值的理念，就必须在

相对次要的问题上妥协。

对于每个政治家来说，都应该有眼前最重要，最需要解决的问题。正

是不放弃这些目标，将其作为自己的核心原则，才树立了一个又一个

伟人。（林肯 Abraham Lincoln 面对巨大的反对，甚至人身的威

胁，坚持废奴；邓小平坚持实现国家统一，收复香港；马丁路德金

Martin Luther King 面对自身的威胁，也坚持种族平等的斗争）

而为了这个目标的实现，确实需要妥协一些东西，因为必须要能够和

意见不同的群体进行合作。（林肯为了在国会投票中通过废奴法案，

还贿赂民主党 democrat 议员；马丁路德金为了保证 civil rights

movement 的胜利，尽管心中反对越战，也没有在第一时间参与反

战，因为他害怕牺牲种族平等斗争的果实；邓小平为了收复香港，只

能够妥协让香港继续走资本主义的经济体制）

50. Government officials should rely on their own

judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will

of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

缺乏自身判断更糟糕。民众短视。（参见翻译练习）

很多利益群体只从自身角度考虑。（各种问题上对立观点都存在，必

须依赖政府自身的判断来进行群体之间利益的调和）

毫无疑问必须参考民众的意见，否则国家会跨。（大跃进无视民生基

本需求，在民众仍然没有解决吃饭问题的时候，把国家的资源用来拼

命搞重工业和军工的发展，三千万人）

完全由政府决定会导致权力过大和腐败。（天朝）

The speaker believes that government officials should

rely on their own judgments when making decisions

rather than unquestioningly appeal to public opinions.

There is no doubt that public ideas can be uninformed

and shortsighted, and lack of consensus among people

with opposing interests require governments to use

their own judgments in order to reach a common

ground. However, purely relying on governments’

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

judgments may also backfire, because without taking

into consideration public needs, policies can become

unrealistic and the bureaucracy itself becomes

corrupted. Therefore, a successful policy must be

based on government judgment that incorporates

public will.

For starter, lack of education and information source,

the collective minds too often fall into extremes of

either being too conservative or too aggressive…

Furthermore, because the public consists of people

with completely opposing interests, without a

mediator, viz., the government, conflicts will never

end. …

However, ignorant of public will and need, government

itself, filled with hard-nosed bureaucrats with their

own idiosyncrasies, may reach policies completely

irrelevant to what should be at issue. …

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Moreover, without public supervision, the government

will enjoy unlimited power, which inevitably will lead

to corruption. …

In sum, …

60. Politicians should pursue common ground and

reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

86. Some people believe that government officials

must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others

believe that officials should base their decisions on

their own judgment.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by

shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

115. Government officials should rely on their own

judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will

of the people whom they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be

left to politicians and other government experts.

Reason: Politicians and other government experts are

more informed and thus have better judgment and

perspective than do members of the general public.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

62. Leaders are created by the demands that are

placed on them.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

The speaker raises the issue that leaders are created

by demands that are placed on them. Of course, there

are multiple interpretations for this abstract

statement. Some may take it to mean that great

leaders will only arise under lots of expectations from

others. From my perspective, however, it means that

great leaders are those that can best fulfill people’s

demands.

成功的领袖必须要能够达到人们的期望（乔布斯拯救苹果，邓小平推

动中国经济的发展……）

伟大的领袖却敢于想人之不敢想，超越人们的期望。
（同样的两个人）

94 & 147

94. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best

measured by examining the well-being of that

country's citizens.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

The criteria of judging a leader’s effectiveness is never

simple, no matter in history or in modern era.

In history, I believe a leader’s success is often marked

by one of the three criteria, his ability to defend his

territory, his power in conquering new land, and his

skill in securing a stable life for its citizens. As we

know, the past was filled with wars and chaos, so

often those who can defend their nations against

stronger foes or put an end to everlasting bloodshed,

naturally, were often viewed as the most successful

leaders. Take for example Emperor Qin Shihuang and

Emperor Liu Che in Chinese history. （殖民地国家的独立亦

可） … However, a lot more great rulers in history were

memorized in history for their success in dominating

minor countries and expand their own country’s border.

Obviously in our minds are Genghis Khan and

Alexander the Great. … Yet, we should never forget

that even in the past, people’s well-being,

single-dimensional its definition might be then, still

played a crucial role in the evaluation of a leader’s

achievement. Let’s look at Qin Shihuang again, only

this time as a negative example. …

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

In contrast, as peace becomes the main theme of

modern era, well-being of people has gradually become

the dominant criterion in assessing a leader’s ability.

However, we should note that well-being now is

already a much more complex term that it used to

be. …

147. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best

measured by examining the well-being of that

country's citizens.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many

of its people question authority.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

让步的部分：不是每种 question 都能够推动社会进步。盲目的

question，以及暴动。

然而，正是合理的 question，才能够推动各领域的发展。

政治（对比正面反面，美国的言论自由 vs.朝鲜的一言堂）

学术（学术的进步来源于对既有观点的挑战：日心说 sun-centered

theory/heliocentrism、自由落体）

69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even

desirable, for political leaders to withhold information

from the public. Others believe that the public has a

right to be fully informed.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

极端情况：国家机密。

过渡，然而很多领导人正因为这样的原因，就想当然的封锁了各种信

息，反而会经常做出与民众实际利益不符的决定。我因此更倾向于第

二个观点，在大部分情况下，应该 inform the public。（SARS，

bullet train，Red cross…）（参见翻译练习）

而且，信息的不透明会造成严重的腐败。

官员的道德

104 & 107

104. To be an effective leader, a public official must

maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

然而，与工作相关的伦理道德标准，政府官员必须严格执行，否则很

可能造成严重的社会危害。

道德标准：本该招给最胜任的工程队
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

政府官员违背：project -> 外包、招标(often holds a meeting

where different contractors bid for the project) -> 亲朋

好友 -> 偷工减料

社会危害：桥跨、楼塌、堤坝毁---豆腐渣工程

个人伦理（克林顿的性丑闻）

107. To be an effective leader, a public official must

maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

交流类

自我意志

11 & 99

11. People's behavior is largely determined by forces

not of their own making.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

（参考范文）

外界因素可以起到的作用（分类展开各种外界巨大的压力）：30 多

岁女性，天天 date，别人就会觉得她是 indecent/inappropriate

（人们不喜欢行为乖张的人，人们喜欢统一性）

（列举）gay 娶异性……
于是，一部分习惯于生活在他人的世界当中。

但是，面对着一模一样的压力，仍然有很多人坚持着自我。（列举：

Jobs, Gates 退学；Elton John comes out; 见义勇为的英雄

们）（参见翻译练习）

99. People's behavior is largely determined by forces

not of their own making.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

38. It is primarily through our identification with social

groups that we define ourselves.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

通过认同群体认识自己（种族，宗教，社团，职业）：我们希望合群，

希望找到归属感

其它途径：通过自我反思，认识到自身的兴趣和特点（艺术家、科学

家）

78. People's attitudes are determined more by their

immediate situation or surroundings than by society as

a whole.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

人们确实看似是受社会影响的。（各种封建思想的传播；东西方各种

价值观的对比）

然而，接受社会价值观首先要通过 immediate surrounding，家

人、朋友或媒体。

而当这些 immediate surrounding 的观念与主流不同时，很可

能我们形成的就是非主流的观念，因此题目正确。（参见翻译练习）

合作的重要性

123 & 128

123. The best way for a society to prepare its young

people for leadership in government, industry, or other

fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation,

not competition.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

合作重要（个体、群体、社会）（参见翻译练习）

竞争重要（个体、群体、社会）

128. Some people argue that successful leaders in

government, industry, or other fields must be highly

competitive. Other people claim that in order to be

successful, a leader must be willing and able to

cooperate with others.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

34, 49, 76 & 118

34. In any situation, progress requires discussion

among people who have contrasting points of view.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

In academic fields, it is through extensive debate that

scientists march step by step closer to truth. (The

particle and wave theory of Light)

Sometimes it may seem that people often fail to

achieve consensus when it comes to the realm of

ideology. (Palestine vs. Israel; cold war; Christian

fundamentalist vs. biological evolutionism) However,

progress does not necessarily mean that one side

abandons its view. In ideology, the fact that different

sides learn to tolerate the existence of others, try to

form a peaceful relationship and cooperates in

academic study and economic issues is a milestone in

human history. （参见翻译练习）

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

It should be noted that in a few areas where conformity

plays a crucial role in the successful accomplishment

of tasks, too much freedom of discussion may end up

counterproductive. (military, team sports)

49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people

whose views we share than from those whose views

contradict our own.

Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit

learning.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

76. We can usually learn much more from people

whose views we share than from people whose views

contradict our own.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

118. We can learn much more from people whose

views we share than from people whose views

contradict our own.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

对信念的执着

66. People who are the most deeply committed to an

idea or policy are also the most critical of it.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

A critical spirit is the academic ideal. Supposedly,

rational beings, typical in the academic world, would

evaluate their own views from all possible angles

before reaching a firm commitment. Evidence: For

instance, all graduate dissertations are required to

explore possible counterarguments before drawing a

conclusion.

In politics, people who commit to their ideas the most

are generally uncritical. Evidence: The dialogue

between democratic nations and dictators were

solved by wars.

In spiritual life, people even call equate uncritical

thinking with “faith”. Evidence: Despite abundant

geological evidence, Christian fundamentalists’ firmly

believes that the earth is only thousands of years old.

Even in academic world, scientists choose what they

wish to believe. Evidence: Newton devoted the latter

half of his life to alchemy. Einstein abominated the

idea of a fundamentally random world entailed by

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

quantum mechanics, even though his own evidence

supports the theory. （参见翻译练习）

141. It is more harmful to compromise one's own

beliefs than to adhere to them.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

1. 确实有妥协失败，坚持成功的例子。(Apple Board vs. Jobs)

高端大气上档次的电脑意味着性价比偏低->董事会认为这会使得客

户流失->要求走低端路线->赶走了乔布斯->苹果几乎灭了

2. 但是也有妥协成功，坚持失败的例子。(Mao vs. Deng)

3. 妥协和坚持都不能成为行为的准则。到底该妥协还是坚持取决于

理性依据。Jobs: 任何企业都必须要有明确的产品定位；Deng: 平

均主义体制下人是没有生产积极性（参见翻译练习）

79 & 146
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to

convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.

Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against

the doubts and contrasting views of others does one

really discover the value of that idea.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

Reason 有道理，很多问题，人们是盲信的，因为他们不去尝试与

对立观点进行讨论。但是在讨论的过程中，为了说服对方，我们必须

寻找证据。而如果先前缺乏证据，在寻找的过程中，我们很可能会发

现对自己不利的证据，继而甚至开始怀疑自己先前的观点。

但是，这取决于我们的听众。理性的人：会 open to evidence

面对 Christian fundamentalist，你说什么都是无意义的。
然而，

（参见翻译练习）

并且，某些领域的论证并不需要靠说服对方来判断。因为这些领域有

完美的公里、定理体系，论证的每一步如果符合规则，这个论证一定

是对的。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

146. The best test of an argument is the argument's

ability to convince someone with an opposing

viewpoint.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

历史类

9, 57, 74, 133 & 134

9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a

significant contribution without first being strongly

influenced by past achievements within that field.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

经济学（Adam Smith: free market; Franklin Roosevelt:

Macro-management. 现在的经济发展全都结合两种方法）

商业（商业 Jobs 吸取了年轻时失败的案例，后来注重团队合作）

政治（邓小平引进西方思想）

科学界（爱因斯坦的理论基于黎曼几何的建立）

让步，诚然，有人会说，有些人的成就是颠覆性的，它没有利用过去

理论的任何东西。但是，对于过去理论问题的反思本身也是受到过去

的影响。(Aristotelian philosophy -> Francis Bacon:

Scientific Method)

57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel

the illusion that people living now are significantly

different from people who lived in earlier times.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

（参考范文）

相似：人性（善与恶）

不相似：知识（医疗、天文、知识获取）

不相似：社会价值（平等、自由、包容）

74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to

make important decisions today.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

基本的理由：古今差别太大（知识，社会价值）

差别不大：人性（战争），因此在差别不大的地方学习过去可以帮助

我们认识现在

即便古今差别很大，我们也可以通过变化的趋势来认识现在和未来
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people

to make important decisions today.

Reason: The world today is significantly more complex

than it was even in the relatively recent past.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people

to make important decisions today.

Reason: We are not able to make connections between

current events and past events until we have some

distance from both.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

第一段：

The fundamental reason why history might help us

make decisions is that there are similarities between

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

past and present circumstances. However, there lies

the problem. The events are similar, but not the same.

There always are differences as well. Thus, it’s

impossible to predict whether it is going to be the

similarities or the differences that play a major role in

shaping how things go nowadays. 比如：反日游行和纳粹反

犹太游行（相似 or 不相似），我们并无法判断未来的走向。

第二段：

我承认，这些不相似性确实使我们难以准确预测未来。但是过去的教

训让我们看到那些导致问题的关键性因素，即便目前不存在这些因素，

我们也可以避免它们的发生。（反日游行如何不落入当年反纳粹游行

的结局）

甚至没有相似性的时候，过去的惨痛教训也可以警醒我们。
（原子弹）

法律类

21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of

various circumstances, times, and places.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

时间上应该灵活（某种领域过去和现在犯罪的变化，gun control，

网络犯罪）

地域也灵活（需要尊重传统习俗）节假日法，交通法，灵活于不同州

的地理环境

犯罪年龄年龄、作案频率（需要灵活，有些为了 punishment, 有

些为了 rehabilitation）

法律在有些东西上是不该灵活的（地位、权利）

65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to

obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

The spirit of not taking for granted the current legal

system is what steers the human civilization to more

justice. If people thousands of years ago simply

believed that what is just is equal to what is permitted

by the law, then the law of slavery would count as just.

There is no universal agreement on what is just.

Evidence: Many people download pirated movies and

games without even realizing they are violating the

copyright law.

Direct disobedience of law will undercut the law’s

overall authority. If the law is ever to function, it has to

hold authority. Something is called the law because it

is categorical and allows no exception. If an

individual’s transgression can still be regarded as just,

then many will follow suit.

89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be

solved by laws and the legal system.

Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's

hearts or minds.
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

Laws cannot change deeply entrenched ideas.

Evidence: Even though one is required to treat men and

women equally, the older generation in China still

prefers boys to girls because of the deeply held ideas

from the past.

Laws cannot change an individual’s deeply held ideas,

but through education, a new generation can be born

with the correct view. Evidence: Young people in China

generally believe that men and women are equal.

Since the law can only operate on explicit

transgression, unethical ideas held in people’s mind

cannot be treated. Since these ideas are the roots of

crimes, the law only treats the symptom, but does not

get the ultimate cure. Evidence: Parents are not

allowed to throw away a girl infant, but they can still

decide to favor their son rather than their daughter.

There are many grey areas of law where loopholes are

found. In fact, since laws are man-made, they

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

themselves succumb to injustice sometimes. List the

problematic laws.

独立类

更新新鲜血液

8, 111 & 149

8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education,

government—those in power should step down after

five years.

Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise

is revitalization through new leadership.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

1. 理由是有道理的：列举一些新鲜血液带来成功的案例

但是，理由也是片面的：良好状态下的团队，换了新人很可能是失败

2. 事实上，是不是应该定期换人，我们应该分领域来谈
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

政治：赞同。

避免独裁，权利的过分膨胀（责任，权利实在是太大了）

举反例……不下台国家的那些问题

商业：不赞同

没有理由认为商业领袖 CEO 们会因为在位时间长而丧失原创性

（Jobs）

商业领袖的权力本来就不是无限，board

学术：不同意

判断学术界领袖的成功：培养的人才

相对长期的影响

111. In any profession—business, politics, education,

government—those in power should step down after

five years.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim. In

developing and supporting your position, be sure to

address the most compelling reasons and/or examples

that could be used to challenge your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

149. In any field—business, politics, education,

government—those in power should be required to

step down after five years.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on

the policy and explain your reasoning for the position

you take. In developing and supporting your position,

you should consider the possible consequences of

implementing the policy and explain how these

consequences shape your position.

功绩的评判

41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by

those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

思想、艺术：前瞻性，前卫性，超越时代思想水平（Van Gough,

Nietzsche）（参见翻译练习）

商业：成效立现（Jobs）

更多的领域有着当下性，但也有着长远的影响。（毛泽东分两半，杂

交水稻，DDT 农药，不可降解）

From the speaker’s view, the achievement of any great

individuals can only be accurately assessed by later

people rather than by their contemporaries. As we

examine different fields of endeavor, we shall see that

in most fields, such as art, politics and science, the

statement is quite accurate. However, when it comes

to fields like business, where one’s success is more

often directly evaluated according to its immediate

impact, opinions of her contemporaries are quite

enough for an accurate assessment. Overall, while the

speaker’s view is fundamentally reasonable, it should

not be carried to the extreme.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

To begin with, in fine arts, where innovative spirits are

highly valued, artists’ visions are often so beyond the

understanding of their contemporaries that it is hard to

give a correct evaluation without waiting for a couple

of decades. …

Furthermore, in politics, although many policies may

place immediate influence on a nation’s economy or

industry, its unsustainable nature often exhausts

future potential, a consequence only later people can

fully recognize. …

Moreover, in science, where theoretical predictions

are often far ahead of people’s visions to apply them,

the value of many theories often remain blurry until

decades and even centuries later. …

However, exceptions does exist in business world,

because here the success of an entrepreneur is almost

sole determined by how his or her business model can

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

quickly lead the business to immediate prosperity. In

fact, even if that model fails in the next era, this failure

alone does not suffice for others to deny its

achievement in its own times. …

为了目的不择手段

53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain

it are justifiable.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

有需要花代价来实现的目标（目标极其伟大，而代价相对小，并且没

有更好的途径）（个体、群体、国家）

然而，为了不切实际、不明智的目标而放弃是不值得的（个体、群体、

国家）

以牺牲他人利益谋求个人利益的方式也是不正义的（列举）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

130. Some people believe that corporations have a

responsibility to promote the well-being of the

societies and environments in which they operate.

Others believe that the only responsibility of

corporations, provided they operate within the law, is

to make as much money as possible.

Write a response in which you discuss which view

more closely aligns with your own position and explain

your reasoning for the position you take. In developing

and supporting your position, you should address both

of the views presented.

1. 第二句的理由：企业的目的是赚钱，大量企业就是这么做的。但

是，反驳第二句话是错的：混淆了事实与义务。（参见翻译练习）

2. 法律本身就存在着缺陷（法律本身的制定就是和企业联系在一起

的）

而且还有很多法律没有涉及的领域

3. 因此支持第一句话。

企业有义务保护环境和提高社会的幸福

保护环境：企业破坏了环境，理应进行补偿（列举）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

4. 提高社会的幸福：企业影响力已经超出了政府 Facebook 对于

民主、和平等理念的推广已经远超任何政府，因此应该宣传积极的理

理性与冲动

61. People should undertake risky action only after

they have carefully considered its consequences.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the recommendation

and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, describe

specific circumstances in which adopting the

recommendation would or would not be advantageous

and explain how these examples shape your position.

结论：在时间允许时，我们永远要做尽可能充分的准备再冒险。

在有能力的情况下，一定要慎重思考（列举各领域反面的例子，个人，

群体，国家）

没有时间（见义勇为，就落水的人，地震救灾）反驳：但是在已有时

间内也是会做最大可能的思考
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

意义重大，但是不可能考虑清楚后果（宇航）反驳：仍然，我们会对

已知的部分进行全方位的防御

事实是否存在

87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact

should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false

in the future.

Reason: Much of the information that people assume is

factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the claim and the

reason on which that claim is based.

理由：很多“事实”确实已经被证伪了（列举）

然而，仍然存在很多事实，我们是不可能抵赖的（数学，基本物理真

理，逻辑学真理）

并且，即便理由正确，我们也必须相信很多东西，为了实践的考虑。

（牛顿力学，道德命题）（参见翻译练习）

当然，作者的道理：我们不应该想当然的认为一切“真理”就是不可

错的，我们应当保持开放的态度面对可能出现的反面证据。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

事实与表象

93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating

an appealing image has become more important than

the reality or truth behind that image.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

学术：事实比表象重要。理性群体

政治领域：

看似表象越来越重要了（大选中，更多的亲民牌）

真正的伟大领袖一定靠的是政绩而立足

商业：

产品包装（Apple）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

伟大的产品一定能够持久，一定能够有内在独到之处（Apple）

User-friendly interface

演艺界：

美女帅哥越来越多，无才也能出名（Britney Spears, Queen of

lip-singing）
（参见翻译练习）然而真正的歌神，影帝都是实力派。

寻常之物的不寻常之处

103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in

commonplace things.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

商业领域的成功（网上超市），网上订餐，Facebook。越能解决

日常人的需要，就越能够取得商业的成功。
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

仿生学 bionics 关注的就是普通的生物当中能够给人类带来的启发。

（蝙蝠→sonar，昆虫的眼睛→透镜 lenses，鸟的翅膀→飞机）

甚至物理学也曾经吸收过很多伟大的日常观察：瓦特的蒸汽机是来自

看水壶开。

但是，不要极端化。现代物理：量子力学，反物质，暗物质

关键不是 commonplace，关键是 passionate interest

事实上，

文物的意义

119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern

planners feel could be better used for modern

purposes, modern development should be given

precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

1. 现代的用地需求

2. 古建筑的价值（历史、文化、建筑学、美学）

3. 作者假设了两者不可调和：商铺、旅游

调和：同一性很多的建筑，选择性的保留

成功的定义

144. True success can be measured primarily in terms

of the goals one sets for oneself.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to

which you agree or disagree with the statement and

explain your reasoning for the position you take. In

developing and supporting your position, you should

consider ways in which the statement might or might

not hold true and explain how these considerations

shape your position.

个人标准的不充分性：失败的人，实现了自己的理想（贪官、隐士）

（参见翻译练习）

个人标准的不必要性：成功的人，没实现自己的理想（孔子、苏格拉

底）
 北京新东方 GRE 万炜

作者观点的意义：实现个人理想才是我们努力的初衷，只不过当这种

理想不与社会矛盾时，我们很可能也同时实现了我们的社会责任。
（列

举各种名人的成功，对个人理想的坚持，对社会的价值）