PRACTICAL -1

a) Rewrite the following IP addresses in binary notation

192.168.12.79
156.152.187.189
172.16.12.11
10.159.187.198

1
b) Rewrite the following IP addresses in dotted decimal notation
11000000.10101000.00111000.00001100
10101001.00001100.00001011.01001111
00001010.10111011.00001100.01111011
01111101.10111011.11100000.11111111

2
c) Consider the following IP addresses
214.229.206.83/28
153.120.147.39/26
115.173.104.1/18
70.173.166.71/1

Find the following for each above IP address

1. Network Address
2. First Host Address
3. Last Host Address
4. Broadcast Address
5. Next Subnet Address

3
4
d)An organization is granted block 212.18.190.0/24.
The administrator wants to create 32 subnets.
1. Find the subnet mask.
2. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
3. Find the first and last address in subnet 1
4. Find the first and last address in subnet 32.

5
 PRACTICAL -2
a) Investigate IP protocols by capturing and studying IP datagrams using Wire
shark

Step-1. Start your computer and connect it to the Internet

Step-2. Downloading and Installing Wireshark (steps are given below).

1. Download Wireshark Software from the link given

below. https://www.wireshark.org/

2. Now check for the executable file which is downloaded in the download folder of
your system and run it.

3. It will prompt for the confirmation to make changes to your system. Click on Yes.

4. Setup screen will appear, click on Next.

6
5. The next screen will be of License Agreement, click on Noted.

6. The next screen will be donation related. Click next.

7. This screen is for choosing components, all components are already marked so don’t
change anything just click on the Next button.

8. This screen is of choosing shortcuts like start menu or desktop icon along with file
extensions which can be intercepted by Wireshark, tick all boxes, and click on Next
button.
9. The next screen will be of installing location so choose the drive which will have
sufficient memory space for installation. It needed only a memory space of 231.1 MB.
(Size may be different)

10. Next screen has an option to install Npcap which is used with Wireshark to capture
packets pcap means packet capture so the install option is already checked (If not, then
do check it) don’t change anything and click the next button.

7
11. Next screen is about USB network capturing so it is one’s choice to use it or not, click on

still
12. After this installation process will start.

13. This installation will prompt for Npcap installation as already checked so the
license agreement of Npcap will appear to click on the I Agree button.

8
14. Next screen is about different installing options of npcap, don’t do anything click on
Install

15. After this installation process will start, which will take only a minute.

16. After this installation process will complete click on the Next button.
17. Click on Finish after the installation process is complete.

18. After this installation process of Wireshark will complete click on the Next button.

9
 19. Click on Finish after the installation process of Wireshark is complete.

Step-3. Start your web browser and clear the browser’s cache memory, but do not access any
site yet.

Step-4. Start Wireshark (Run as administrator) and you will get the following screen.

Step-5. Go to capture menu and select options. Once you select options, you will get following
dialog box.

Step-6. Check promiscuous for the interface on which you want to capture the packet and select
it (Make sure the interface which you select must be connected to the internet) Then close the
dialog box. (Here the Wi-Fi interface is selected)

Step-7. Go to capture menu and select start. Once you select it, Wireshark will start capturing the
10
 packets from the selected interface.

Step-8. Go back to your web browser and retrieve any file from a site or surf any website.
Wireshark starts capturing packets

Step-9. After enough packets have been captured, stop Wireshark for capturing the packet as
shown below

11
Step-10. In the packet list pane, select any packet. In the packet detail pane, select the Internet
Protocol. The hex dump of the IP header will be highlighted in the packet byte lane as shown
below.

12
An IP datagram has arrived with the following partial information in the
header (in hexadecimal): 45000054 00030000 2006...
What is the header size?
Are there any options in the packet?
What is the size of data?
Is the packet fragmented?
How many more routers can the packet travel to?
What it the protocol number of the payload being carried by the packet?

13
 PRACTICAL -3
a) Capture and study ICMPv4 packets generated by other utility programs such
as ping and traceroute using relevant software.

Section-I Capture and study ICMPv4 packets generated by ping utility program.

 In this section of the experiment, we use the ping utility to capture ICMPv4 query packets:
o echo request
o echo reply.
 The ping utility is, in fact, a client-server program. The client program, which needs to be
invoked at the command prompt, triggers an echo request packets; the server program,
which is running at the background all the time, waits for a signal from an echo request
message, and triggers an echo reply message.
 The ping program, however, does not insert a message in the ICMPv4 packets, it just
simply triggers its creation and provides the values for identification and the sequence
number fields.
 This section is divided into two parts: Ping-Part I and Ping-Part II.
 In Ping-Part I, we want to see the messages exchanged at the ping level.
 In Ping-part II, we want to capture frames carrying ICMPv4 packet, which are
encapsulated in an IPv4 packet.

Ping-Part-I: Analyzing ping.

1. Open the Wireshark and start packet capturing. Although, we are not using these frames in Part I,
we will use them in Part II.

14
2. Open Command Prompt and type ping hostname. The hostname can be the domain name or the IP
address of a site you know (be sure that there is no firewall to filter out the packets). An
example of the result of the ping command in the Command Prompt window looks as shown in
Figure below.

3. Return to the Wireshark window, stop packet capturing, and save the captured file

15
Using the result of the ping command in the Command Prompt window, answer the questions
given in the Ping-part-1 of practical related quiz.

Ping-Part II: Wireshark Capture of Ping Commands

1. Open the file you captured in Part I.

2. In the Filter field of the Wireshark window type icmp (lower case) and press the enter

16
Using the result of the ping command in the Command Prompt window, answer the questions given in
the Ping-part-2 of practical related quiz.

Section-II Capture and study ICMPv4 packets generated by tracert utility program.

 To capture some ICMPv4 error-reporting packets, we can use either the traceroute utility (in
Unix-like environment) or the tracert utility (in the Windows environment).
 The traceroute utility is a client-server at the application layer that uses the services of UDP;
the tracert utility is a client-server program that uses the services of IP.
 In this assignment, we use tracert, but the assignment can be easily changed to use traceroute
if Unix-like environment is available.
 The tracert utility in Windows is different from the traceroute utility in Unix.
 In this case, instead of sending UDP with an unavailable port number, tracert sends (n +1)
ICMP echo messages encapsulated in IP datagrams with TTL values 1, 2, 3, and so on.
 When a router receives one of these packets, it decrements the value of the TTL field and sends
a time-exceeded message when the TTL value becomes zero.
 When undropped echo message reaches the destination host, an echo response message is
sent back to the source host.
 We have divided this section into two parts: Tracert-Part I and Tracert-Part II.
 In Tracert-Part I, we want to see the messages exchanged at the tracert level.
 In Tracert-Part II, we want to capture frames carrying ICMPv4 packets, which are encapsulated
in an IPv4 packet.

Tracert-Part I: Analyzing tracert

1. Open the Wireshark and start packet capturing. Although, we are not using the captured frames
in Tracert-Part I, we will use them in Tracert-Part II.

17
2. Open Command Prompt and type tracert −d hostname. The hostname can be the domain name or
the IP address of a site you know. The −d option prevents tracert from resolving the IP addresses to
their names and slowing down the process of displaying information. The result of the tracert
command in the Command Prompt window looks as shown in the image below.

3. Return to the Wireshark window, stop packet capturing, and save the captured file.

18
Using the result of the traceroute command, answer the questions in given the tracert-part-1 of
practical related quiz.

Tracert-Part II: Wireshark Capture of tracert

1. Open the file you captured in Tracert-Part I.

2. In the Filter field of the Wireshark window type icmp (lower case) and hit the enter

19
20
 PRACTICAL -4

a) Create a small IPv4 static routing network using relevant software.

1. Download and install cisco packet tracer.

Link to download cisco packet tracer.
(https://www.netacad.com/portal/resources/file/692e524f- 12f9-46ef-9417-f03be70a2f77)
2. Arrange different network devices and connect them using
appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below.

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are
given below.

 The devices details are as follows

o No of PCs :- 4
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 2
o No of Network Routers (ISR4331):- 3

 The connection with interface details are as follows.

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/2)
is done using copper straight cable
o The connection between Switch1 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/0/0) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/0/1) and
Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/0/0) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/0/1) and
Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/0/0) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/0/1) and
Switch2(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between PC3 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich2(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using straight cable.
o The connection between PC4 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich2(FastEthernet0/2)
is done using straight cable.

21
22
3. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.
a. IP address: 192.168.1.2
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

4. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.

a. IP address: 192.168.1.3
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

5. Configure Router0 using CLI as specified below.

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Router(config)#exit

6. Configure Router1 using CLI as specified below.

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

23
 Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed

state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2

Router(config)#exit

7. Configure Router2 using CLI as specified below.

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

24
 Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
Router(config)#exit

8. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC3 as follows.

a. IP address: 192.168.4.2
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.4.1

9. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC4 as follows.

a. IP address: 192.168.4.3
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.4.1

25
 PRACTICAL -5

a) Create a small IPv6 network using any relevant software.

Step-1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect them using
Appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are given
below.
 The devices details are as follows
o No of PCs :- 4
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 2
o No of Network Routers (2911):- 1

 The connection with interface details are as follows.

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/1) is
done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/2) is
done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between Switch0 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/0) is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Switch1(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC3 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/1) is
done using straight cable.
o The connection between PC4 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/2) is
done using straight cable.

26
 Step-2. Configure the Router0 as specified below.
--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address FE80::1
link- local Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address FE80::1
link- local Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:DB8:1:A::1/64

Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ipv6 address 2000:DB8:1:B::1/64
Router(config-if)#no
shutdown Router(config-
if)#exit Router(config)#exit
Router#

Step-3. Configure PC1 as follows:

Double click on PC1->Desktop->IP configuration->IPv6 Configuration-> Select Automatic

27
Step-4. Configure PC2 as follows:

Double click on PC1->Desktop->IP configuration->IPv6 Configuration-> Select Automatic

Step-5. Configure PC3 as follows:

Double click on PC1->Desktop->IP configuration->IPv6 Configuration-> Select Automatic

Step-6. Configure PC4 as follows:

Double click on PC1->Desktop->IP configuration->IPv6 Configuration-> Select Automatic

28
 PRACTICAL -6

a) Configure RIP routing protocol using relevant software.

1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect
them using
appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below.

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are given
below.
 The devices details are as follows
o No of PCs :- 3
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 3
o No of Network Routers (2911):- 3

 The connection with interface details are as follows.

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC3 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich2(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between Switch0 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router6(GigabitEthernet 0/0) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Switch1 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router8(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Switch2 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router9(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Router6(GigabitEthernet 0/1)and
Router8(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Router8(GigabitEthernet 0/2)and
Router9(GigabitEthernet 0/0) is done using copper cross over
cable.

29
2. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.
a. IP address: 192.168.1.2
b. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

3. Configure the Router6 as specified below.

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to

up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

4. Configure the Router8 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

30
 Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state

to up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state

to up Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

5. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.

a. IP address: 192.168.3.2
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.3.1

6. Configure the Router9 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

31
 Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

7. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.

32
 PRACTICAL -7

a) Configure OSPF routing protocol using relevant software.

1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect them
using appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below.

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are given
below.

 The devices details are as follows

o No of PCs :- 3
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 3
o No of Network Routers (2911):- 3

The connection with interface details are as follows

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between Switch0 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/0) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/1)and
Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/2)and
Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/0) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/1)and
Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between Switch1 (GigabitEthernet 0/1) and
Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/2) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich1(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable

33
2. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows

a. IP address: 192.168.1.2
b. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

3. Configure the Router0 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet
0/2
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router ospf Router(config-
router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#exit Router(config)#exit Router#

34
4. Configure the Router1 as specified below

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet
0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

5. Configure the Router2

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

35
 Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
Router(config- if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

6. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.

IP address: 192.168.5.2
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.5.1

36
 PRACTICAL -8

a) Configure BGP routing protocol using relevant software.

1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect them using
appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are given
below.

 The devices details are as follows

o No of PCs :- 3
o No of Network Routers (2911):- 3

The connection with interface details are as follows

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Router0(GigabitEthernet
0/0) is done using copper cross over cable.
o The connection between Router0(GigabitEthernet 0/1)and
Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Router1(GigabitEthernet
0/0) is done using copper cross over cable.
o The connection between Router1(GigabitEthernet 0/2)and
Router2(GigabitEthernet 0/1) is done using copper cross over
cable.
o The connection between PC3 (FastEthernet0) and Router2(GigabitEthernet
0/0) is done using copper cross over cable.

37
2. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.

a. IP address: 192.168.1.2
b. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

3. Configure the Router as specified below

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 300
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.2 remote-as 200
Router(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor
20.0.0.2 Up Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

4. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1
255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/2
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

38
 Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 200
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 10.0.0.1 remote-as 100
Router(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 10.0.0.1
Up Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.1 remote-as 200
Router(config-router)#

Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.1 remote-as 300

Router(config-router)#exit Router(config)#exit Router#

5. Configure the Router2 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router bgp 300
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)#neighbor 20.0.0.2 remote-as 200
Router(config-router)#%BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor
20.0.0.2 Up Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

6. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.

g. IP address: 192.168.2.2
h. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
i. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1

7. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC3 as follows.

j. IP address: 192.168.3.2
k. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
l. Default Gateway: 192.168.3.1
39
40
 PRACTICAL -9

a) The following is a dump (contents) of a UDP header in

hexadecimal format.

0045DF0000580000

a. What is the source port number?

b. What is the destination port number?
c. What is the total length of the user datagram?
d. What is the length of the data?
e. Is the packet directed from a client to a server or vice versa?
f. What is the application-layer protocol?
g. Has the sender calculated a checksum for this packet?

41
b) The following is part of a TCP header dump (contents) in
hexadecimal format.

E293 0017 00000001 00000000 5002 07FF..

a. What is the source port number?

b. What is the destination port number?
c. What is the sequence number?
d. What is the acknowledgment number?
e. What is the length of the header?
f. What is the type of the segment?
g. What is the window size?

42
c) The following is a dump of an SCTP general header in hexadecimal format.
04320017 00000001 00000000

a. What is the source port number?

b. What is the destination port number?
c. What is the value of the verification tag?
d. What is the value of the checksum?

43
 PRACTIAL 10

a) Capture and Study TCP and UDP Packets using relevant software.

Section-I Capture and study UDP packets.

 In this lab, we use Wireshark to capture and study UDP packets.

 We find the values of different fields of a UDP user datagram header.
 Using the values in these fields, we also find all the information about a user datagram and verify
that the value in total length field matches with the total number of bytes in the user datagram
(header and data).
 We also check to see whether a checksum has been calculated for the packet.
 UDP is a connectionless protocol; no connection-establishment and connection termination packets
are issued by UDP.
 This means that UDP cannot be a source or sink protocol in a captured frame.
 To analyze UDP headers, we need to use a source or sink protocol at the application layer that uses
the services of UDP.
 DNS is a good candidate. DNS packets can be encapsulated in either UDP or TCP packets
(depending on the size).
 We need to be careful to select only those DNS packets that use the service of UDP. Since any
client-server application program (except DNS itself) uses DNS as the first step, we can open any
application to capture DNS packets.

Analysis of UDP.

1. Start your web browser and clear the browser's cache memory, but do not access any website
yet.
2. Open the Wireshark and start packet capturing. (Select only that interface which is connected
with the internet. In this example, Wi-Fi interface is selected).

3. Go back to your web browser and retrieve any file from a website. Wireshark starts capturing
packets.

44
45
4. ugh packets have been captured, stop Wireshark and save the captured file.

5. Using the captured file, select only those DNS packets that use the service of UDP. Type udp
(lowercase) in the filter field and click Apply. The packet list pane of the Wireshark window
should now display a bunch of DNS messages. Each DNS message is carried in a UDP packet.

6.

46
 7. In the packet list pane, select the first DNS packet. In the packet detail pane, select the User
Datagram Protocol. The UDP hexdump will be highlighted in the packet byte lane. Using the
hexdump, answer the questions given in the UDP report of practical related quiz

Section-II Capture and study TCP packets.

 In this lab, we use Wireshark to capture TCP packets to study many features of TCP protocol.
 Many applications such as HTTP, SMTP, TELNET, and FTP use the service of TCP.
 For this lab, we use HTTP application to download a rather long file.
 The situation of TCP is different from UDP. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol; it uses packets
for connection establishment, connection termination, and data transfer.
 This means that we can capture packets that use TCP as source or sink protocol as well as packets
that use an application-layer protocol as the source or sink, but use TCP as the intermediate
protocol.
 In this lab assignment, we capture both types of packets and distinguish between them.

Analysis of TCP

1. Start your web browser and clear the browser's cache memory, but do not access any website yet.
2. Open the Wireshark and start packet capturing. (Select only that interface which is connected with
the internet. In this example, Wi-Fi interface is selected).

47
1. Go back to your web browser and retrieve any file from a website. Wireshark starts capturing
packets.

2. After enough packets have been captured, stop Wireshark and save the captured file.

48
 3. Using the captured file, select only those packets that use the service of TCP. For this purpose, type
“tcp && ip.addr==”IP ADDRESS”(lowercase) in the filter field and press Apply. The packet list
pane of the Wireshark window should now display a bunch of packets. (Here the IP address must
be of the website you have searched. Otherwise you will be confused to the related data.)

Using the above information of packets, answer the questions given in the TCP Part-I, Part-II,
Part-III and Part-IV report of practical related quiz.

49
 PRACTICAL 11

a) Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol using relevant software.

1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect them
using appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below.

The details of no of network devices and connection among them (with interfaces) are given
below.

 The devices details are as follows

o No of PCs :- 2
o No of Servers :- 1
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 1

 The connection with interface details are as follows.

o The connection between PC1 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/1)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between PC2 (FastEthernet0) and Swtich0(FastEthernet0/2)
is done using copper straight cable.
o The connection between DHCP Server (FastEthernet0) and
Swtich0(FastEthernet0/24) is done using copper straight
cable.

2. Rename the server to “DHCP SERVER” as follows

Click on the Server -> Go to Config -> Change Display name to “DHCP SERVER”.

50
 Configure the DHCP SERVER as specified below.
4. Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the DHCP SERVER
as specified follows.
a. IP address: 192.168.1.2
b. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

a. Configure Services on the DHCP SERVER.

i. Double click on the server and go to services tab.

51
 i. Select DHCP from the list of services.

ii. Select the serverPool from the given list and update the details
as specified below.

52
 iv) Select the serverPool from the given list and update the details as specified below

5. Configure the PC1 as specified below.

Double click on PC1 -> Go to Desktop tab -> Open IP configuration -> Select DHCP in the
IP configuration part.

By doing the above process, PC1 will get the dynamic IP address of the from the DHCP
server.

6. Configure the PC2 as specified below.

Double click on PC2 -> Go to Desktop tab -> Open IP configuration -> Select DHCP in the
IP
configuration part.

By doing the above process, PC2 will get the dynamic IP address of the from the DHCP server.

53
 PRACTICAL 12
a) Configure Domain Name Server (DNS) using relevant software.
Step-1. Open the network topology that you have prepared in the practical-11.
Step-2. Update the network topology of the practical-11, as specified in the diagram below.

 The devices details are as follows

o No of PCs :- 2
o No of Servers :- 3
o No of Network Switches(2960-24TT):- 2

 The updated connection with interface details are as follows. Here I have not
specified the connection details of practical-11.
o The connection between Switch0 (GigabitEthernet0/1) and
Router2(GigabitEthernet0/0) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between Router2 (GigabitEthernet0/1) and
Switch1(GigabitEthernet0/1) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between DNS Server (FastEthernet0) and
Swtich0(FastEthernet0/1) is done using copper straight
cable.
o The connection between WEB Server (FastEthernet0) and
Swtich0(FastEthernet0/2) is done using copper straight
cable.

Step-3. Rename the First server to “DNS SERVER” as follows.

Click on the Server -> Go to Config -> Change Display name to “DNS SERVER”.
Step-4. Rename the Second server to “WEB SERVER” as follows.
Click on the Server -> Go to Config -> Change Display name to “DHCP SERVER”.

54
Step-5. Configure the Router2 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configureterminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:

Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface
GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

Step-6. Configure the DNS SERVER as specified below.

a. Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the DHCP SERVER
as specified follows.
i. IP address: 192.168.2.2
ii. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
iii. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1
iv. DNS Server: 192.168.2.2

55
b. Configure Services on the DNS SERVER.
I. Double click on the server and go to services tab

II. Select DNS from the list of services.

III. Enter/Update details as specified below in the DNS service.

56
 Click on the Add button and you will see the updated details in DNS record list

V. Close the dialog box

Step-7. Configure the WEB SERVER as specified below.

Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the DHCP SERVER as specified follows

i. IP address: 192.168.2.3
ii. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
iii. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1
iv. DNS: 192.168.2.2

57
 a. Configure Services on the DNS SERVER.
i. Double click on the server and go to services tab.

ii. Here by default the first service is HTTP/HTTPS in the list of services, and this service
is on. The sample website is already loaded with the webserver. If you want to change,
then you can change it as per your requirements. But, here we do not change anything.
We are considering this website is our sample website i.e. diplomacomp.com.
iii. Close the dialogbox.

Step-8. Open PC1 and do as specified below.

Double click on PC1 -> Go to Web browser -> Type “diplomacomp.com” in the URL ->
Click on GO or Press Enter -> You will see the webpage in the web browser

Step-9. Open PC2 and do as specified below.

Double click on PC2 -> Go to Web browser -> Type “diplomacomp.com” in the URL ->
Click on GO or Press Enter -> You will see the webpage in the web browser.

58
 PRACTICAL 13
a) Configure File Transfer Protocol (FTP) using relevant software.

Step-1. Open cisco packet tracer. Arrange different network devices and connect them using
appropriate network cable as shown in the diagram below.

Step-2. Rename the server to “FILE SERVER” as follows.

Click on the Server -> Go to Config -> Change Display name to
“FILE SERVER”.
Step-3. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC1 as follows.
IP address: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

Step-4. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.
a. IP address: 192.168.1.3
b. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1

Step-5. Configure the Router0 as specified below.

Router>
Router>enable

Router#configureterminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no
shutdown

59
 Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#exit
Router#

Step-6. Configure the FILE SERVER as specified below.

a. Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the FILE SERVER
as specified follows.
i. IP address: 192.168.2.2
ii. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
iii. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1

b. Configure Services on the FILE SERVER.

Double click on the server and go to services
tab

60
61
i. Here you have to create the credententials to access the file server remotely.
But here you can see, there is already default username and password are
created by the software itself. (Username: cisco and Password: cisco) And
software has also set the different access level permission(Write, Read, Delete,
Rename and List) for that particular user. So you can use this user for your
practical. However, if you want to create new user, then create, set the
password and permission for it as per your requirements). Select credentials
and click on the save button as shown below.

ii. Make sure your FTP service must be on. Then close the dialog box.

62
 PRACTICAL 14

a) Configure Mail Server Using relevant software.

Step-5. Configure IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway of PC2 as follows.
a. IP address: 192.168.1.3
b. Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
d. DNS Server: 192.168.2.3

63
Step-6. Configure the Router1 as specified below.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#

Step-7. Configure the MAIL SERVER as specified below.

a. Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the
MAIL SERVER as specified follows.

i. IP address: 192.168.2.2
ii. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
iii. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1

Configure Services on the MAIL SERVER. Double click on the server and go to services

64
b. Select EMAIL from the list of services.

65
Set the domain for the email. To set domain you have enter the name of the domain then click on the
set button as shown below. (Here I have set the domain name: diplomacomp.com)

Create two users. To create a user, you have to create a username and password. To create a username
and password, type the username and password and press the + button. There are two users created
here. The first user name is user1 and the password is admin@123, and the second user name is user2
and the password is admin@123. If you want to change the password, you can change it by selecting
the user and pressing the change password button.

66
Advanced Computer Network

Step-8. Configure the DNS SERVER as specified below.

Configure IP address, subnet mask and default gateway of the DNS SERVER as specified follows

i. IP address: 192.168.2.3
ii. Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0
iii. Default Gateway: 192.168.2.1

b. Configure Services on the DNS SERVER.\

Double click on the server and go to services
tab

67
Advanced Computer Network

Select DNS from the list of services.

Enter/Update details as specified below in the DNS service

68
Advanced Computer Network

Click on the Add button and you will see the updated details in DNS record list and Close the dialog box.

69