SEMESTER 1

APPLIED MATHEMATICS SOLVED PAPER – MAY 2018

N.B:- (1) Question no. 1 is compulsory.

(2) Attempt any 3 questions from remaining five questions.

𝒙 𝒖 𝝅 𝒙
Q.1(a) If tan = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 , show that 𝒖 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈[(𝒕𝒂𝒏( + ))] [3]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝒙 𝒖
Ans : Given that : tan = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉
𝟐 𝟐
𝒖 𝒙
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 [ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ]
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙
∴ u =2 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐡−𝟏 [ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ]
𝟐

By using Inverse hyperbolic function,

𝒙
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟐
= log [ 𝒙 ]
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟐
𝒙 𝝅 𝒙
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏 +𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝝅 𝒙
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
But 𝒙 = 𝝅 𝒙 = tan ( + )
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝝅 𝒙
∴ u = log [(𝒕𝒂𝒏( + ))] Hence proved.
𝟒 𝟐

(b) Prove that the following matrix is orthogonal & hence find 𝑨−𝟏 . [3]
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏
A = [𝟐 𝟐 𝟏]
𝟑
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏
Ans : Let A=
𝟑
[𝟐 𝟐 𝟏]
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐
Transpose of A is given by ,
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝑻 𝟏
𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐]
𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝑻 𝟏
A.𝑨 = [ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏] [ 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐]
𝟗
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐

𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
1
= [ 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
9
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑰
=
𝟗
The given matrix A is orthogonal.
The inverse of an orthogonal matrix is always equal to the
Transpose of that particular matrix.

−𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐]
𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐

(c) State Euler’s theorem on homogeneous function of two variables

𝒙+𝒚 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
& if u =
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚 𝟐 then evaluate 𝒙 𝝏𝒙
+𝒚
𝝏𝒚
[3]

Ans : Euler’s theorem : If a function ‘u’ is homogeneous with degree ‘n’ then
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
𝒙 +𝒚 = n.u
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚
𝒙+𝒚
Let u=
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

Put x = xt and y = yt
𝒙𝒕+𝒚𝒕 𝟏 𝒙+𝒚
F(x,y) = = [ ]
(𝒙𝒕)𝟐 +(𝒚𝒕)𝟐 𝒕 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐

= 𝒕−𝟏 . 𝒇(𝒖)
Hence the given function ‘u’ is homogeneous with degree n=-1
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
∴ 𝒙 +𝒚 = n.u
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝒙+𝒚
∴ 𝒙 +𝒚 = -[ ]
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
 𝝏(𝒖,𝒗)
(d) If u = 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽, 𝒗 = 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽. Find . [3]
𝝏(𝒓,𝜽)

Ans : u = 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 𝒗 = 𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽

Diff. u and v w.r.t r and 𝜽 partially to apply it in jacobian

𝝏(𝒖,𝒗) 𝒖𝒓 𝒖𝜽 𝟐𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽 −𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽|

= |𝒗 𝒗𝜽 | = |
𝝏(𝒓,𝜽) 𝒓 𝟐𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜽 𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜽
= 𝟒𝒓𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝜽 + 𝟒𝒓𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝜽
= 𝟒𝒓𝟑 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝟐𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟐𝜽)
𝝏(𝒖,𝒗)
= 𝟒𝒓𝟑
𝝏(𝒓,𝜽)

(e) Find the nth derivative of cos 5x.cos 3x.cos x. [4]

Ans : let y = cos 5x.cos 3x.cos x
𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟓𝒙−𝟑𝒙)+𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟓𝒙+𝟑𝒙)
= cos x { cos A.cos B=𝟏𝟐 [𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝑨 + 𝑩) + 𝑪𝑶𝑺 (𝑨 − 𝑩)]}
𝟐
𝟏
= [ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟖𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 ]
𝟐
𝟏
y= [ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟗𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟕𝒙 ]
𝟒

Take n th derivative,
𝒏𝝅
𝒏 𝒕𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)
𝟐
𝟏 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅 𝒏𝝅
𝒚𝒏 = [𝟑𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟑𝒙) + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝒙) + 𝟗𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟗𝒙) + 𝟕𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( + 𝟕𝒙)]
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟏
(f) Evaluate : 𝐥𝐢𝐦( )𝒙 [4]
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙+𝟏
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟏
Ans : let L = 𝐥𝐢𝐦( )𝒙
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙+𝟏

Take log on both sides,

 𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
∴ log L = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
= 𝐥𝐢𝐦( )
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙

Apply L’Hospital rule ,

𝟐
∴ log L = 𝐥𝐢𝐦( )
𝒙→𝟎 𝟐𝒙+𝟏

∴ log L = 2
∴ L = 𝒆𝟐

Q. 2(a) Solve 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎. [6]

Ans : 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Multiply the given eqn by (x+1),
(x+1)( 𝒙𝟒 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟏)=0
𝒙𝟓 = (−𝟏)
But -1 = cos 𝝅 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝅
∴ 𝒙 = [𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝅 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝅]𝟏/𝟓
But By De Moivres theorem ,
(𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 + 𝐢 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱) 𝒏= cos nx + i sin nx
𝝅 𝝅
∴ 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟓 𝟓

Add period 2k𝝅 ,

𝝅 𝝅
∴ 𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒌) + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒌)
𝟓 𝟓

Where k = 0,1,2,3,4.
The roots of given eqn is given by ,
𝝅 𝝅
Put k=0 𝒙𝟎 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒆𝝅/𝟓
𝟓 𝟓
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
k=1 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒆𝟑𝝅/𝟓
𝟓 𝟓
 𝝅 𝝅
k=2 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒆𝝅/𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
𝟕𝝅 𝟕𝝅
k=3 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒆𝟕𝝅/𝟓
𝟓 𝟓
𝟗𝝅 𝟗𝝅
k=4 𝒙𝟒 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒊 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝒆𝟗𝝅/𝟓
𝟓 𝟓

The roots of eqn are : 𝒆𝝅/𝟓 , 𝒆𝟑𝝅/𝟓 , 𝒆𝝅/𝟏 , 𝒆𝟕𝝅/𝟓 , 𝒆𝟗𝝅/𝟓 .

−𝟏 𝒙
(b) If y=𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 . Prove that
(𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + [𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙 − 𝟏]𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 = 𝟎 [6]
−𝟏 𝒙
Ans : y = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 ……..(1)
Diff. w.r.t x ,
−𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
𝒚𝟏 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
−𝟏 𝒙
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒚𝟏 = 𝒆𝐭𝐚𝐧 =𝒚 --------(from 1)
Again diff. w.r.t x,
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟏 = 𝒚𝟏 ……………(1)
Now take n th derivative by applying Leibnitz theorem,
Leibnitz theorem is :
(𝒖𝒗)𝒏 = 𝒖𝒏 𝒗 + 𝒏𝟏𝑪𝒖𝒏−𝟏 𝒗𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐𝑪𝒖𝒏−𝟐 𝒗𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒖𝒗𝒏
𝒖 = (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏), 𝒗 = 𝒚𝟐 …for first term in eqn (1)
𝒖 = 𝟐𝒙 , 𝒗 = 𝒚𝟏 …for second term in eqn (1)
∴ (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 − 𝒚𝒏+𝟏 = 𝟎

∴ (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝒏+𝟐 + [𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒙 − 𝟏]𝒚𝒏+𝟏 + 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒚𝒏 = 𝟎

Hence Proved.
(c) Examine the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒚(𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝒚) for extreme values &
find maximum and minimum values of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚). [8]
Ans : 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝒚(𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝒚) = 𝟑𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚𝟐
Diff. function w.r.t x and y partially,
𝝏𝒇(𝒙,𝒚) 𝝏𝒇(𝒙,𝒚)
= 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝝏𝒇(𝒙,𝒚) 𝝏𝒇(𝒙,𝒚)
=𝟎 =𝟎
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚

𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 & 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎

y=0 , 3-2x-y=0 & x=0 , 3-x-2y=0
Stationary points are : (0,0) ,(3,0) , (0,3) , (1,1)
𝝏𝟐 𝒇 𝝏𝟐 𝒇
r= = −𝟐𝒚 , 𝒕= = −𝟐𝒙
𝝏𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒚𝟐

𝝏𝟐 𝒇
s= = 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚
𝝏𝒙𝝏𝒚

𝒔𝟐 = (𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚)𝟐
rt-𝒔𝟐 =4xy-(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚)𝟐
For point (0,0), rt-𝒔𝟐 =-9 < 0
The point is of maxima .
For point (3,0), rt-𝒔𝟐 = −𝟗 < 𝟎
The point is of maxima .
For (0,3), rt-𝒔𝟐 = -9 < 0
The point is of maxima.
For point (1,1), rt-𝒔𝟐 = 𝟑 > 𝟎
The point is of minima .
(a) Maximum values : At (0,0) , (0,3), (3,0)
At point (0,0) f(max)=0
 At point (0,3) f(max)=0
At point (3,0) f(max)=0
(b) Minimum values : At (1,1)
At point (1,1) f(min)=1

The maximum and minimum values of function are 0 and 1.

Q.3(a) Investigate for what values of 𝝁 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝀 the equation x+y+z=6;

x+2y+3z=10; x+2y+𝜆z=𝝁 have
(i)no solution,
(ii) a unique solution,
(iii) infinite no. of solution. [6]
Ans : Given eqn : x+y+z=6 , x+2y+3z=10 , x+2y+𝜆z=𝝁
AX=B
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟔
[𝟏 𝟐 𝟑] [𝒚]=[𝟏𝟎]
𝟏 𝟐 𝝀 𝒛 𝝁
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
Argumented matrix is : [𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟎]
𝟏 𝟐 𝝀 𝝁
𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝟏 ,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
→ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝝀−𝟏 𝝁−𝟔
𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟐 ,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
→ [𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝝀 − 𝟑 𝝁 − 𝟏𝟎
(i) When 𝜆=3,𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟎 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒓(𝒂) = 𝟐, 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟑
r(A)≠ 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩)
 Hence for 𝜆=3 , 𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟎 system is inconsistent.
No solution exist.
(ii) When 𝜆≠3,𝝁 ≠ 𝟏𝟎 , 𝒓(𝑨) = 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟑
Unique solution exist.
(iii) When 𝜆=3,𝝁 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒓(𝑨) = 𝒓(𝑨 ⋮ 𝑩) = 𝟐 < 𝟑
Infinite solution.

𝒚−𝒙 𝒛−𝒙 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
(b) If u = f( , ) , show that 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 = 𝟎. [6]
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒛 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

Ans : let u = f(r,s)

𝒚−𝒙 𝒛−𝒙
∴r= ∴s=
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 𝟏 𝝏𝒖 −𝟏
∴ = + = + ( 𝟐)
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒓 𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒔 𝒙

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 (−𝟏) 𝝏𝒖
= + = + (𝟎)
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒓 𝒚𝟐 𝝏𝒔

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝟏
= + = (𝟎) + ( 𝟐)
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔 𝒛

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
∴ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 = − − +
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔 𝝏𝒓 𝝏𝒔

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 =𝟎 Hence proved.
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒃 𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝟐

(c) Prove that log( )=2i𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 & cos [i log( ]= [8]
𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂 𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐
𝒂+𝒊𝒃
Ans : let L = log( )
𝒂−𝒊𝒃

Using logarithmic properties ,

L = log(a+ib) – log(a-ib)
𝟏 𝒃 𝟏 𝒃
= log(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ) + i. 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 – [ log(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ) - i. 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ]
𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝒂
 𝒃
L = 2i𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏
𝒂
𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒃
∴ log( ) = 𝟐𝐢 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 Hence Proved.
𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂

𝒂+𝒊𝒃 −𝟏 𝒃 𝒃 𝒃
∴ = 𝒆𝟐𝐢 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒂 = cos (2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ) + isin(2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 )
𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂 𝒂
𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒃 𝒃
× = cos (2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ) + isin(2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 )
𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒂 𝒂

𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝟐 𝒃 𝒃
+ 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 = cos (2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ) + isin(2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 )
𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 𝒂 𝒂

Separate real and imaginary parts

𝒃 𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝟐
cos (2𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ) =
𝒂 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐

From 1st result ,

𝒂+𝒊𝒃 𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝟐
cos [i log( ]= Hence Proved.
𝒂−𝒊𝒃 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐

𝒙+𝒚
Q.4(a) If u = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( ), 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
√𝒙+√𝒚

−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖
𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = [6]
𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒖

𝒙+𝒚
Ans : u = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
√𝒙+√𝒚

Put x = xt and y = yt to find degree.

𝒙𝒕+𝒚𝒕
∴ u=𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 ( )
√𝒙𝒕+√𝒚𝒕
𝟏
𝒙+𝒚
∴ sin u = 𝒕𝟏/𝟐 . = 𝒕𝟐 . 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)
√𝒙+√𝒚

The function sin u is homogeneous with degree ½.

But sin u is the function of u and u is the function of x and y.
 By Euler’s theorem ,
𝒇(𝒖) 𝟏
𝒙𝒖𝒙 + 𝒚𝒖𝒚 = 𝑮(𝒖) = 𝒏. = tanu
𝒇′ (𝒖) 𝟐

∴ 𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 = 𝑮(𝒖)[𝑮′ (𝒖) − 𝟏]

𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒖−𝟐
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖[ ]
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒖−𝟏
= 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖[ ]
𝟒 𝟏

𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒖−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒖

= × [ ]
𝟒 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒖
−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒖.𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒖
∴ 𝒙𝟐 𝒖𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒖𝒚𝒚 =
𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒖

Hence Proved.

𝟏 𝟏
(b) Using encoding matrix [ ] encode and decode the message
𝟎 𝟏
“ALL IS WELL” . [6]
𝟏 𝟏
Ans : Let encoding matix A = [ ]
𝟎 𝟏
The message is ALL IS WELL and Let B is the matrix in number form,
𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟐
B=[ ]
𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟐
A.B = [ ][ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟐
C = [ ]
𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
The encoded message is given by,
13 12 12 0 28 19 23 23 17 12 12 0
“MLL ASWWQLL “
 𝟏 𝟏
Inverse of encoding matix A = [ ] is given by ,
𝟎 𝟏
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟐
𝑨−𝟏 = [ ][ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
Decoded matrix is given by ,
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟐
B = 𝑨−𝟏 . 𝑪 = [ ]. [ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟐
B = [ ]
𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟎

(c) Solve the following equation by Gauss Seidal method :

10𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
2𝒙𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑
2𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒 [8]

Ans : By Gauss Seidal method ,

Given eqn : 10𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
2𝒙𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑
2𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒
From given eqn : |10|>|1|+|1|
|10|>|2|+|1|
|10|>|2|+|2|
The given eqn are in correct order.
𝟏
∴ 𝒙𝟏 = [𝟏𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 ]
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
∴ 𝒙𝟐 = [𝟏𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟑 ]
𝟏𝟎
 𝟏
∴ 𝒙𝟑 = [𝟏𝟒 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟏 ]
𝟏𝟎

I) For 1st iteration : take 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎

𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = [𝟏𝟐] = 𝟏. 𝟐
𝟏𝟎

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎 gives 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔
𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟐, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔 gives 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟖
II) For 2nd iteration : take 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟖
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = [𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟖] = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟐
𝟏𝟎

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟐, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟖 gives 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟐, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖 gives 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐
III) For 3rd iteration : 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝟏
𝒙𝟏 = [𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖 − 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐] = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟑
𝟏𝟎

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟑, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐 gives 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎

𝒙𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟑, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 gives 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎
Result : 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎, 𝒙𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎

𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
Q.5(a) If u = 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇 ( ) 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒇( ) is an arbitrary function of .
𝒛 𝒛 𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
Prove that : x +𝒛 =𝒚 +𝒛 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛. 𝒖 [6]
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛
𝒙𝒚
Ans: let =𝒘 ∴ u = 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒇(𝒘)
𝒛

Diff. u w.r.t. x partially,

𝝏𝒖
= 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒚𝒛
𝝏𝒙

Diff. u w.r.t y partially ,

𝝏𝒖
= 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒛
𝝏𝒚
 Diff. u w.r.t y partially ,
𝝏𝒖
= 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒚
𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
x +𝒛 = 𝒙𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒚𝒛 …(1)
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
𝒚 +𝒛 = 𝒚𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 𝒇′ (𝒘) + 𝒇(𝒘). 𝒆𝒙𝒚𝒛 . 𝒙𝒚𝒛 …(2)
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

From (1) and (2),

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒖
x +𝒛 =𝒚 +𝒛 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛. 𝒖 Hence Proved.
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒛

𝟏
(b)Prove that 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 = [𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝜽 − 𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝜽 + 𝟏𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽] [6]
𝟏𝟔
𝟏
Ans : let x = cos 𝜽 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 − 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = (𝒙 − )
𝒙 𝟐𝒊 𝒙

For sin 𝜽 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒏 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒔 ,

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 = [ (𝒙 − )]𝟓 = [𝒙𝟓 − − 𝟓 (𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑) + 𝟏𝟎(𝒙𝟏 − 𝟏 )]
𝟐𝒊 𝒙 𝟑𝟐𝒊 𝒙𝟓 𝒙 𝒙

But 𝒙𝒏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒏𝜽 + 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝜽 , 𝒙−𝒏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒏𝜽 − 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝜽

𝒙𝒏 − 𝒙−𝒏 = 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒏𝜽
𝟏
∴ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 = [ 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝜽 − 𝟓 × 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝜽 + 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 ]
𝟑𝟐𝒊
𝟏
∴ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓 𝜽 = [𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓𝜽 − 𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝜽 + 𝟏𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽]
𝟏𝟔

𝟏 𝟏
(c) i) Prove that log(sec x)= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟒 + ⋯
𝟐 𝟏𝟐

ii) Expand 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒊𝒏 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 − 𝟐. [8]

Ans : (i) Let E = log (sec x)
= - log (cos x)
 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟒
= - log [1- ( − )]
𝟐! 𝟒!

𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟒 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟒
= −[− ( − ) − 𝟐 ( 𝟐! − 𝟒! ) + ⋯ ]
𝟐! 𝟒!
𝟏 𝟏
𝑬 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟒 +..
𝟐 𝟏𝟐

(ii) let f(x)= 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏

Here a = 2
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟒𝟓
𝒇′ (𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒇′ (𝟐) = 𝟓𝟑
𝒇′′ (𝒙) = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟒 𝒇′′ (𝟐) = 𝟑𝟖
𝒇′′′ (𝒙) = 𝒇′′′ (𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐
Taylor’s series is :
(𝒙−𝒂)𝟐
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒂) + (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒇′ (𝒂) + 𝒇′′ (𝒂) + ⋯
𝟐!

(𝒙−𝟐)𝟐 (𝒙−𝒂)𝟑
𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓 + (𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟓𝟑 + 𝟑𝟖 + 𝟏𝟐
𝟐! 𝟑!

𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟓𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝟏𝟗(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟑

𝝅 𝜽
Q.6(a) Prove that 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) = + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) [6]
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝜽
Ans : we have to prove this 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) = + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒄𝒐𝒕 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝜽
(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏[ + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 )]
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝜽
R.H.S = 𝒔𝒊𝒏[ + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) ]
𝟐 𝟐
𝜽 𝝅
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 [𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 )] ………{ sin ( + 𝒙)=cos x }
𝟐 𝟐
𝜽
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒉𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) ……….{ cos ix = cos hx }
𝟐
 𝜽 𝜽
𝟏 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) −𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) 𝟏
= [𝒆 𝟐 +𝒆 𝟐 ] ………..{ cos hx = [𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒙 ] }
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝜽 𝟏
= [𝒄𝒐𝒕 + 𝜽 ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒕
𝟐

𝟏 𝜽 𝜽
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 [ 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝜽 𝜽
𝟏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐+𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝟏
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏 [ 𝜽 ] ………..{ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = = }
𝟐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽
𝟐

𝜽
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏
𝟐
= × 𝜽 × 𝜽
𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽 = 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺
𝝅 𝜽
∴ (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏[ + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈 (𝒄𝒐𝒕 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝜽
∴ 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝜽) = + 𝒊. 𝒍𝒐𝒈(𝒄𝒐𝒕 ) Hence Proved.
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
(b) Find non singular matrices P and Q such that A=[𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏] [6]
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
Ans : A = [𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏]
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
For PAQ form ,
A = 𝑰𝟑×𝟑 . 𝑨𝟑×𝟒 . 𝑰𝟑×𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
[𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏]= [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝟎𝟎 ]
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐𝑹𝟏 , 𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟏 ,
 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
[𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑] = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝟎𝟎 ]
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝑪𝟐 −𝟐𝑪𝟏, 𝑪𝟑 − 𝟑𝑪𝟏 , 𝑪𝟒 − 𝟐𝑪𝟏 ,
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
[𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑] = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝟎𝟎 ]
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟐 ,
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎
[𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑] = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 𝟏 𝟎𝟎 ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝑪𝟑 − 𝑪𝟐 , 𝑪𝟒 − 𝟑𝑪𝟐 ,
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 −𝟑]
[𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 ] = [ −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
−𝑹𝟐 ,
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 −𝟑]
[𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎] = [ 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 [ 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
Now A is in Normal form .
Compare this w.r.t A=PAQ form ,
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
∴ P= [ 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎] Q = [ 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
−𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
∴ Rank of given matrix A is 2.
(c) Obtain the root of 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 by Regula Falsi Method
(Take three iteration). [8]
Ans : Equation : 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
∴ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒇(𝟎) = −𝟏 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇(𝟏) = −𝟏 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇(𝟐) = 𝟓 > 𝟎.
Root of given eqn lies between 1 and 2.
(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒚𝟎 ) = (1,-1) (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (2,5)
𝒙𝟎 𝒚𝟏 −𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟎
𝒙𝟐 = = 1.2249
𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟎

𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = −𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟏 < 𝟎

Next iteration :
(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒚𝟎 ) = (1.2249,-0.3871)
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) = (1.667,1.9654)
𝒙𝟎 𝒚𝟏 −𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟎
∴ 𝒙𝟐 = =1.2976
𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟎

𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕 < 𝟎

Next iteration :
(𝒙𝟎 , 𝒚𝟎 ) = (1.2976,-0.1127)
(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟐 ) = (1.667,1.9654)
𝒙𝟎 𝒚𝟏 −𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟎
𝒙𝟐 = = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟏𝟕𝟔
𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟎

The root of given eqn after 3rd iteration is 1.3176.