Volume 2

Explanation of Sumerian and Assyrian Tablets, Slabs

and seals and Translation of Cuneiform Inscriptions.
From the Series
Illustrated History of the Civilizations, Religions, Folklore, and Myths
of the Middle East, Near East, and Asia Minor.

Originally written by Maximillien de Lafayette in 1962, and updated in

2014.
Copyright ©1962-2014 by Maximillien de Lafayette. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, including any and/or all of the following:
photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system
without the written permission of the author except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
Published in the United States of America and Germany.
Publication date: August 18, 2014
Printed by Times Square Press.
Author's website:
www.maximilliendelafayettebibliography.org/biblio
Explanation of Sumerian Tablets, Slabs and seals and
Translation of Cuneiform Inscriptions.

Volume 2 from a set of 2 Volumes

From the Series
Illustrated History of the Civilizations, Religions, Folklore, and Myths
of the Middle East, Near East, and Asia.

Maximillien de Lafayette

*** *** ***

Jamiya Ramadosh Al-Ulema Al-Anunnaki

London New York Paris Marseille Benares Cairo Alexandria
Baalbeck Damascus Tokyo
2014
 Table of Contents

__________________________

Introduction.
Tiamat.
Marduck attacks and kills Tiamat.
Tiamat, the Sumerian winged dragon. As depicted on the
ritual Libation Cup of King Gudea of Lagash, circa 2100 B.C.
Sumerian outfits.
Dress of a Sumerian woman, circa 2500 B.C.
Dress of Princess-Priestess En-Hedua-na, circa 2400 B.C.
Sumerian scribes.
Statue of a Sumerian scribe, circa 2,500 B.C.
Front of a temple’s façade.
Standards of Ur.
Ruins of the city of Ur in Iraq.
Two scenes (Panel One and Panel Two) from the life in Ur
(The Royal Standards of Ur, circa 2,600-2,400 B.C.)
Panel One: Days of assaults and war.
The Standard of Ur”, depicting war and peace, engraved on
the front of a wooden box, circa 2,650-2,400 B.C.
A Sumerian wooden box, found in Ur, 2,650-2,400 B.C.
Illustrations of a daily life in Ur.
King Urnammu.
Enlil leads Ur-Nammu and a worker to begin work on a new
temple.
Ur-Nammu and the god Enlil, with the Tree of Life between
them. Detail from the "Ur-Namma Stele".
A limestone fragment of the stele of Ur-Namma Stele, (Ur III
Period) circa 2097-2080 B.C.
The stele of Ur-Namma is the only surviving monumental
artwork from that period.
Ur-Nammu, a king, a law-giver, and builder of the Ziggurat of
Ur.
Ur Nammu atop the Ziggurat at Ur: "a Tower Unto the
Heavens".
Ur-Nammu Ziggurat Dedication. “For his lady Inanna, Ur-
Nammu, the mighty man, the king of Ur, the king of Sumer
and Akkad, built her temple.”
In Ur, the Stela of Ur-Nammu (Above) has the crescent
symbol placed at the top of the register of gods because the
moon god was the head of the gods.
Ur-Nina, King of Shirpurla (Lagash) with his family.
Utu.
The sun god Utu rising from beneath the earth.
Enki and Shamash.
Ea “Enki” stepping on a dry land, a gesture symbolizing his
supreme authority over Earth. The sun god Utu risin from
beneath the earth, from the seal of Adda, circa 2,350-2,100
B.C.
Daggers.
A Sumerian dagger, 2,600 B.C.
A Sumerian dagger, 3,000 B.C.
Tiglath Pileser.
A bas-relief from Tiglath Pileser's palace at Kalhu, depicting
Hanunu of the province of Gaza on his knees, after his defeat
and surrender to Tiglath Pileser.
A bas-relief of Tiglath Pileser from his palace in Nimrud at
Calah.
Sumerian vessels, vases, jugs, bowls, jars, and containers.
A Sumerian cosmetics’ container.
A Sumerian vessel.
A Sumerian drinking vessel, circa 2,550-2,450 B.C.
A jug found in Ur, Iraq.
A vase used for special purposes, possibly ritual in Sumerian
temples.
A bowl from Uruk used for various domestic needs. This style
was quite common in Ur, Uruk, and Susa.
A bowl from Uruk used for various domestic needs. This style
was quite common in Ur, Uruk, and Susa.
Sumerian pitcher. From the tomb of Queen Pu-abi.
A vessel from the Royal Cemetery at Ur.
Sumerian carved stone offering vessel depicting a bull and a
serpent, circa 2,500 B.C.
A bull holding an offering vessel, circa 3100-2900 B.C.
Sumerian boy making an offering to the ram in a cup.
giPad: Sumerian clay jar (container), circa 4500-4000 B.C.
A gold cup from Ur.
A vessel used to pour olive oil.
A pouring vessel.
A cup found in the tomb of Queen Pu-Abi in Ur.
Sumerian jar.
A Mesopotamian stone jar.
A jar found in the tomb of Qeen Pu Abi, in Ur.
A Sumerian cooking pot.
A Sumerian bowl.
Lud: A Sumerian bowl.
Burzi (alabaster jar), circa 3,300 B.C.
Sumerian bowls; small containers.
A Sumerian jar used to store herbs and spices.
A Sumerian bowl from the royal tombs of Ur.
A mug form Ur, circa 2450 B.C.
A cup from Ur, circa 2450 B.C.
Sumerian cosmetics and fragrance box made from alabaster.
A Sumerian beer jug.
Ceremonial offerings.
A Sumerian cylinder depicting a sacrificial offering ceremony,
circa 3,000 B.C.
Ceremonial offering of water to the divine bulls.
Musical instruments and musicians.
Harp from Ur, circa 2,600-2,350 B.C. Restored.
Bull's head, Queen Puabi’s Lyre. 2,600-2,350 B.C.
Silver lyre, circa 2,600-2,350 B.C. (Restored)
Flutes.
Silver double-flute from Ur.
Assyrian musicians.
This slab from Ashurbanipal`s palace shows Babylonian
musicians playing on a drum, a lyre, and a twelve-stringed
harp.
A lyre player from Ur. From the “Royal Standard of Ur”.
A Sumerian lyre player.
Prisoners.
From left to right: A Sumerian king, wearing a shepherd's hat
stepping over a prisoner of war, and facing goddess Inanna,
who raises her hand in benediction. Inanna herself is holding
a prisoner with a rope.
Bas-relief depicting prisoners of war, brutally treated by the
soldiers of Ashurbanipal, during the battle of Til-UTuba, from
his palace in Nineveh.
An ally of the Assyrian army hitting a prisoner.
Assyrian soldiers watching prisoners, and led to a
construction site. A bas-relief from Sennacherib’s palace in
Nineveh, circa 700 B.C.
Sumerians’ naked prisoners of war, from “The Royal Standard
of Ur”.
A war prisoner taken by King Eannatum. Detail from “The
Royal Standard of Ur”.
Assyrian bas-relief depicting Israelite musicians who were
taken into captivity a slaves, circa 735 B.C.
A segment from multiple metallic bas-reliefs from the gates of
the castle of Shalmaneser in Nimrud depicting the atrocity of
the Assyrians and the dismembering of the bodies of their
prisoners, circa 852-570 B.C.
Prisoners of war tortured by Assyrian soldiers.
Lueshe: War prisoners on Akkadian/Sumerian bas-relief.
A prisoner taken away by one of Sargon’s soldiers.
Victory stele of Sargon I, king of Akkad, showing Eseru,
prisoners marching (first register) and armed warriors, circa
2300 B.C.
A prisoner of war brutally killed by Assyrian soldiers. Later to
be thrown in the river.
Ennemies thrown in the river.
Sargon.
Seals.
Sumero-Akkadian stamp-seals.
A seal’s impression, circa 30 B.C.
Seal for a prayer to Marduk, Babylonia, circa 2,200-1,600 B.C.
The impression (Print) made by the seal.
On the left: A cylinder seal, usually made from hard stones.
On the right: The impression (Print) made by the seal when
rolled over a wet clay. The illustrations, letters and images
were engraved in reverse, like a modern day photo negative.
Soldiers and charioteers.
Soldiers-charioteers; a bas-relief from Ur.
A spear-man from Ur.
An archer from Mari.
A soldier from Lagash.
A royal guard.
Sumerian soldiers from Ur.
Assyrian horsemen and charioteers in battle.
A Nineveh’s bas-relief of Assyrian soldiers (Horsemen and
charioteers of Ashurbanipal), circa 670-635 B.C.
Soldiers/cavalrymen from the army of Sennacherib.
Soldiers of Sennacherib attacking a fortress by using siege
machines (Mobile wooden towers).
Assyrian soldiers.
A fortified wooden siege chariot used by Sennacherib against
the ramparts of Lachish.
Assyrian cavalry war-chariot.
A Sumerian chariot from Ur. A bas-relief from the Royal
Standard of Ur.
Servants.
Servants in a temple. A bas-relief from Ur.
Assyrian servants carrying a bench, a stool, and a bowl. A
relief from King Sargon’s palace.
Helmets.
Šaĝšu: A Sumerian gold helmet, 2500 B.C.
Sumerian helmet, from the “Stele of Vultures”.
Sumerian helmet found in Ur.
Helmet of the King of Kish, circa 2,500 B.C.
Priests.
Naked priests of a lower echelon presenting goddess Inanna
baskets of fruits, circa 3,300 B.C.
Inanna.
Inanna, stepping over a lion, a display of authority.
A 3,000 B.C. Warka vase from Uruk showing a ritual scene of
offerings to Inanna, depicted on the very the top of the vase.
Vase from Uruk showing a priest and subjects offering the
harvest to Inanna.
Goddess Inanna, known as Ishtar in Akkadian, and Inanna of
Edin.
Sumerian priests. 3,000-2,500 B.C.
A Sumerian priest.
Sumerian hairdo.
Queen Puabi.
An aerial view of the royal tomb of Puabi in Ur.
The skull of Queen Puabi as found in her royal tom in Ur.
Tomb of Shub-ad (Puabi) in Ur.
The hat of Queen Puabi, Ur of the Chaldees.
Headdress of Queen Puabi.
Seal of Queen Puabi.
People drinking wine.
Zagros.
Babylonian slab showing the Babylonian map of Zagros.
The Zagros Mountains of Iran.
Enuma Elish.
Tablets of the Enuma Elish.
Ubaid Period.
Art from the Ubaid Period at Lagash.
Religious offering scene from Lagash.
Lamassu “Lamashtu”.
Tablet of Lamassu.
Larsa.
A figurine from Larsa Period, circa 1900-2000 B.C.
Warad-Sin, King of Larsa.
A Sumerian woman.

______________________
 Introduction
_________________________

A monumental work.
The world’s first book of its kind! Conceived and written for the use of
universities’ professors, teachers of art history and history of ancient
civilzations, as well as for students and researchers in the field. In
this most unique book, the author explains the meaning, the
message and structure of hundreds upon hundreds of Mesopotamian
tablets, slabs, seals, obelisks, and cuneiform inscriptions.
It was said, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” True, very true!
But what if a picture is hard to understand or does not explain what
we are looking at?
This happens quite often in the vast literature and history of ancient
civilizations. Especially, when the inscriptions on or under the pictures
or illustrations are written in a language we do not understand, such
as Cuneiform, Ugaritic, Akkadian, Sumerian, Phoenician, and similar
writing systems of the ancient Middle and Near East.
In addition, there are thousands of slabs, cylinder seals, tablets, and
obelisks of ancient and/or vanished civilizations, which are hard to
decipher.
And in many instances, no pertaining inscriptions or texts were ever
provided to explain what the statues, figurines, slabs and tablets
represent.
To fully understand the scriptures, texts, epics and literature of
Mesopotamia, Sumer, Assyria, Chaldea, Phoenicia, Ugarit, and the
Anunnaki, one must become familiar with the meaning (Hidden or
revealed) of the inscriptions, the symbolism camouflaged in intricate
details, and the religious-artistic-philosophical nuances of the art of
the era.
This requires authentic description, translation and explanation of:
Ancient symbols
 Archeological finds
Maps
Seals and Slabs
Cuneiform inscriptions and writings
Statues and figurines
Carving/Illustrations/Drawings
Familiarity with historical sites, ruins, and cities
Linguistic analogies
And a perfect knowledge of the ancient languages and
dialects of the ancient civilizations of the Near East, and the
Middle East.

This book was written in order to deal with and to explain all these
concerns, and above all to provide the readers with sufficient
guidance, translation and explanation of major archeological finds,
ranging from a figurine to a massive monument.
The book was written by an expert linguist, who authored several
dictionaries of ancient and dead languages.

*** *** ***

 Tiamat

Tiamat: Sumerian/Akkadian/Assyrian/Old Babylonian. Noun.

In the Enuma Elish, Tiamat is depicted as a gigantic dragon
symbolizing the primeval chaos.
The word Tiamat derived from the Akkadian word Tamtu, which
means the sea. And Tamtu derived from the word Ti’amtum.
Tiamat is the name of the Babylonian queen of the salty water, the
mother of the Anunnaki Lahmu, Lahamu, Anshar, and Kishar, and the
gigantic dragon symbolizing the primeval chaos, and the bearer of
the skies and Earth. Tiamat was known to the Greeks as Thalatte
(Greek word for sea), as recorded by Berossus in his first volume of
“Universal History”.

Marduck attacks
and kills Tiamat.
_________________________

Tiamat is composed from three words:

a- Ti, which means many things, including life; rib, etc.
b- Ama, which means mother (Ima in Hebrew, Ama in ancient Syriac,
Ummum in Akkadian, Oum in Arabic, Anna in Hittite.)
c- T, a feminine terminal marker.

Tiamat, the Sumerian winged dragon.

As depicted on the ritual Libation Cup of King Gudea of Lagash, circa
2100 B.C.
_____________________________

Tiamat, the Genesis and the Deep:

Many of the Phoenician and Ugaritic myths and poems are a
“reconstruction” and an adaptation of much older Mesopotamian
poems and myths and vice versa.
And the early Hebrew scribes have read those stories and added their
colorful literary twist, in order to create their own Biblical stories.
For instance, The Sumerian and Akkadian clay tablets depicted
Tiamat as the symbol of the salty water.
The Phoenicians associated the water (In reference to Tiamat) with
“Tehom”, which means the deep.
And The Hebrews associated their god Yahweh-Elohim with the
“Tehom” at the very beginning of the Genesis.
The Phoenicians copied the Mesopotamians.
The Mesopotamians copied the Phoenicians. And the Hebrews copied
both the Mesopotamians and the Phoenicians.

*** *** ***

Sumerian outfits
Sumerian outfit.
 Sumerian outfit.
_________________________
Dress of a Sumerian woman, circa 2500 B.C.
_____________________________________
 Suit of a Sumerian man.

______________________________
Dress of Princess-Priestess En-Hedua-na, circa 2400 B.C.

*** *** ***

 Sumerian scribes

Statue of a Sumerian scribe, circa 2,500 B.C.

___________________________________
Sumerian scribes.
Sumerian/Mesopotamian scribes, who also served as teachers and
scholars.

*** *** ***

Front of a temple’s façade.

A Sumerian seal depicting a leader in front of a temple’s façade.

*** *** ***

 Standards of
Ur

Two scenes (Panel One and Panel Two) from the life in Ur (The Royal
Standards of Ur, circa 2,600-2,400 B.C.)

Panel One: Days of assaults and war.

Panel Two: Days of prosperity and peace.

Standards of Ur

In panel one, the king depicted in the center leads his soldiers and
chariots to war. In panel two, we see the prosperity days of Ur. In the
top row, third from left, the king of Ur is a peaceful man; he is
celebrating his military triumph, and enjoying music, while drinking
with his subjects. In the lower rows, we see his subjects bringing
gifts and offerings.

Ur: Old Babylonian/Sumerian/Akkadian/Chaldean.

Hur (Hoor) in Arabic.
Uri5ki-m in Sumerian.
Uru in Babylonian Assyrian.
Uru in Sumerian.
Uru in Akkadian.
The homeland of Abraham and his father Tara.
Ur is located near the town of Nasiriya, about 365 km south of
Baghdad, Iraq.
It was at Ur, that Abraham learned about the Anunnaki gods, Enlil,
Ea, Enki, and developed his idea of one god governing the entire
universe.

Ruins of the city of Ur in Iraq.

_____________________________
A Sumerian wooden box, found in Ur, 2,650-2,400 B.C.
Illustrations of a daily life in Ur.

*** *** ***

 King Urnammu

King Urnammu (Ur-Nammu): Akkadian/Babylonian/

Sumerian. Noun.

The Third
Dynasty of Ur (2044 to 2007 B.C.
Ur-Nammu's empire lasted about 105 years.

Enlil leads Ur-Nammu and a worker to begin work on a new temple.

_________________________________

According to Babylonian legends and inscriptions, Ur-Nammu

received orders from his god and goddess to build the ziggurat,
interpreted by some Biblical scholars as the Tower of Babel.
This story was recorded on a stele known to historians and
archeologists as “A tower unto the heavens.”
King Ur-Nammu rebuilt and enlarged one of the most important
temples in ancient Mesopotamia - the E-kur of Enlil, the chief god of
the pantheon.
Ur-Nammu and the god Enlil, with the Tree of Life between
them. Detail from the "Ur-Namma Stele".

________________________________
 A limestone fragment of the stele of Ur-Namma Stele, (Ur III Period)
circa 2097-2080 B.C.
The stele of Ur-Namma is the only surviving monumental artwork
from that period. Originally, the stele was more than ten feet in
height, and depicted various scenes and aspects of Ur kingship. On
the right, we see a god holding a staff and coil.

__________________________________________
Ur-Nammu, a king, a law-giver, and builder of the Ziggurat of Ur.
___________________________________
Ur Nammu atop the Ziggurat at Ur: "a Tower Unto the Heavens".
____________________________
 Ur-Nammu Ziggurat Dedication.
“For his lady Inanna, Ur-Nammu, the mighty man, the king of Ur, the
king of Sumer and Akkad, built her temple.”

_________________________________
In Ur, the Stela of Ur-Nammu (Above) has the crescent symbol placed
at the top of the register of gods because the moon god was the
head of the gods. Even bread was baked in the form of a crescent as
an act of devotion to the moon-god.

*** *** ***

 Ur-
Nina, King of Shirpurla (Lagash) with his family.

*** *** ***

 Utu

The sun god Utu rising from beneath the earth, from the seal of
Adda, circa 2,350-2,100 B.C.

d
Utu: Akkadian/Sumerian/Babylonian. Noun. The sun god.
Shamash, and “Sin”, in Akkadian Sumerian and Assyrian.
In the Sumerian mythology, Shamash is associated with god Utu. (d
ama, in Akkadian) Shamash is the sun god, and the son of Sin and
Ningal, created by the Anunnaki. Shamash is the Babylonian version
of the Sumerian Utu.
From Shamash, derived the:
a-Arabic word Shams “Chams”, which means the sun.
b-Hebrew word Shemesh, which means the sun. The Hebraic city of
Beit Shemesh (Beit means house, but here, it means temple.
Shemesh (means sun) was named after the Canaanite sun goddess
Shemesh.
c-Aramaic word sheh’mesh, which also means the sun.

In the Akkadian/Sumerian clay tablets, Utu (Shamash, Sin) is

depicted as “the supreme judge of heaven and earth”, and “the lord
of all living creatures.”
Shamash “Sin” is also called Su.En, Nanna and Nannar.
Contrary to many statements and translations given by modern
scholars, the worship of Sîn was not a worship of the moon.
For we know from historical records and lists of deities, that the
Mesopotamian gods were no longer associated with nature’s
phenomena.

Enki and Shamash.

God Enki depicted with two streams of water erupting from his
shoulders. On the left, we notice the Sumerian sun god Utu, holding
his saw sword. Utu was also known as Shamash in Akkadian and Sin
in the early periods of the Hittites.
_________________________________
 Ea “Enki”
stepping on a dry land, a gesture symbolizing his supreme authority
over Earth. The sun god Utu risin from beneath the earth, from the
seal of Adda, circa 2,350-2,100 B.C.
A scene from a Babylonian cylinder seal showing Enki with two
streams of water emerging from his shoulders, and the Sumerian
sun-god Utu (Shamash in Akkadian, Shemesh in Phoenician).
In the center, goddess Inanna (Ishtar in Akkadian, Ashtaroot in
Phoenician.) This scene shows Ea “Enki” stepping on a dry land, a
gesture symbolizing his supreme authority over Earth.
The dry-land as depicted in this cylinder refers also to ramparts
protecting the cities of his kingdom. From the ramparts emerge a
stream of fishes, symbol of all life-forms in the seas.
Thus, his authority extends to dry lands and seas of the Earth.

Utu was worshiped in Sumer/Babylonia/Sumer, and Turkey, as well as

in a large part of Anatolia. He resides in a large temple called
Ekishnugal.
Ekishnugal is composed of three words:
a-É, which means a house ;a temple;
b-Andgishnu, which means moonlight;
c-Gal, which means many things including great, majestic, to be, to
exist, etc.
Thus, the full meaning becomes: The house or temple where the
moonlight exists.
Sîn was the son of Enlil, the great Anunnaki god and lord. His wife
was the powerful Anunnaki goddess Nin.gal, known as “The Great
Lady”.
Shamash (Utu) had three children:
1- Amash.
2-The goddess Ishtar (Itar, Astarte), who was worshiped almost
everywhere, including Syria, Phoenicia, Ugarit, Carthage, Anatolia,
Turkey (Asia Minor), Armenia, Mesopotamia, Sumer, Assyria, Cyprus,
Egypt, so on.
3-Adad, who was the weather god.
In Ur of the Chaldees, the moon-god was a supreme deity, and rules
over all the other gods. At one time in history, Ur was called Nannar,
as documented on clay tablets of the era. Harran was likewise noted
for its devotion to the moon-god.
Etymology:
The sun is Shamash in Sumerian.
Shamsu in Arabic.
Shams in Arabic.
Sham in Phoenician.
Shemsho in Syriac.
Shemsho in Aramaic.
Also in Shemesh in Aramaic.
Shamashu in Akkadian.
Shamashu in Assyrian.
Shimsha in contemporary Assyrian Eastern dialect.
Shimsho, in contemporary Assyrian Western dialect.
Shemesh in Hebrew.
Shem in Phoenician.
Sham in Phoenician.
Shem in Ugaritic.
Shapsu (Šapšu) in Ugaritic.
Shameta, in contemporary Assyrian Western dialect.
Shamo, in contemporary Assyrian Western dialect
“Ultu zit shamsi adi erib shamsi”- Esar Haddon.Translation: “From the
rising of the sun to the setting of the sun.”
Zit shamsi means the rising sun, in Ancient Assyrian.

*** *** ***

Daggers
A Sumerian dagger, 2,600 B.C.
 A
Sumerian dagger, 3,000 B.C.

*** *** ***

 Tiglath Pileser

A bas-relief from Tiglath Pileser's palace at Kalhu, depicting Hanunu

of the province of Gaza on his knees, after his defeat and surrender
to Tiglath Pileser.

_________________________________________

Tiglath Pileser: Name of the King of Assyria from 747 to 727 B.C.
As as oon as he ascended to the throne, he changed his name to
Tukulti-pal-Ešar-ra. He is considered by historians and Assyriologists
as one of the greatest kings of Assyria.
A bas-relief of Tiglath Pileser from his palace in Nimrud at Calah.
*** *** ***
Sumerian vessels, vases, jugs, bowls, jars, and

containers.

A Sumerian cosmetics’ container.

_____________________________________
A Sumerian vessel.
A Sumerian drinking vessel, circa 2,550-2,450 B.C.
 A jug found in Ur, Iraq.

____________________________
 A vase used for special purposes,
possibly ritual in Sumerian temples.

____________________________
A bowl from Uruk used for various domestic needs. This style was
quite common in Ur, Uruk, and Susa.

______________________________________
Babylonian cylinder seal showing a Sumerian female servant with a
water jug (Šakir 3) atop her head, attending two goddesses.

________________________________
 Sumerian pitcher.
From the tomb of Queen Pu-abi.

__________________
A vessel from the Royal Cemetery at Ur.

________________________
 Sumerian carved
stone offering vessel depicting a bull and a serpent, circa 2,500 B.C.
_______________________________________
A bull holding an offering vessel, circa 3100-2900 B.C.

________________________
A Sumerian boy making an offering to the ram in a cup.

____________________________________________
gi Pad: Sumerian clay jar (container), circa 4500-4000 B.C.

______________________________
 A gold cup from Ur.

A vessel used to pour olive oil.

________________________________
 A pouring vessel.

A cup found in the tomb of Queen Pu-Abi in Ur.

______________________________________
 Sumerian jar.

____________________________
 A Mesopotamian stone jar.

__________________________________
 A jar found in the tomb of Qeen Pu Abi, in Ur.

___________________________________
 A Sumerian bowl.

______________________________________
 Lud: A Sumerian bowl.

______________________________________
Burzi (alabaster jar), circa 3,300 B.C.
______________________________
Sumerian bowls; small containers.
A Sumerian jar used to store herbs, and spices.

_____________________________
A Sumerian bowl from the royal tombs of Ur.

__________________________
 A mug form Ur, circa 2450 B.C.
____________________________________________
 A cup from
Ur, circa 2450 B.C.
__________________________________
A Sumerian beer jug.

*** *** ***

 Ceremonial Offerings

A Sumerian cylinder depicting a sacrificial offering ceremony, circa

3,000 B.C.
__________________________

Ceremonial offering of water to the divine bulls.

*** *** ***

 Musical Instruments and Musicians

Harp from Ur, circa 2,600-2,350 B.C. Restored.

____________________________
Bull's head, Queen Puabi’s Lyre. 2,600-2,350 B.C.

_______________________________
Silver lyre, circa 2,600-2,350 B.C. (Restored)

____________________________________
 Flutes

A Sumerian flute.

Silver double-
flute from Ur.

______________________________________
 Assyrian musicians

This slab from Ashurbanipal`s palace shows Babylonian musicians

playing on a drum, a lyre, and a twelve-stringed
harp.

________________________________
 A lyre player from Ur.
From the “Royal Standard of Ur”.

_____________________
A Sumerian lyre player.
*** *** ***
 Prisoners

From left to right: A Sumerian king, wearing a shepherd's

hat stepping over a prisoner of war, and facing goddess Inanna, who
raises her hand in benediction. Inanna herself is holding a prisoner
with a rope.

_______________________________________
Bas-relief depicting prisoners of war, brutally treated by the soldiers
of Ashurbanipal, during the battle of Til-UTuba, from his palace in
Nineveh.

___________________________________________
An ally of the Assyrian army hitting a prisoner.

___________________________
Assyrian soldiers watching prisoners, and led to a construction site. A
bas-relief from Sennacherib’s palace in Nineveh, circa 700 B.C.
_______________________________

Sumerians’ naked prisoners of war, from “The Royal Standard of Ur”.

____________________________________
A war prisoner taken by King Eannatum.
Detail from “The Royal Standard of Ur”.
_________________________________
Assyrian bas-relief depicting Israelite musicians who were taken into
captivity a slaves, circa 735 B.C.

_____________________________________
 A
segment from multiple metallic bas-reliefs from the gates of the
castle of Shalmaneser in Nimrud depicting the atrocity of the
Assyrians and the dismembering of the bodies of their prisoners, circa
852-570 B.C.

_______________________________
 Prisoners of war tortured by Assyrian soldiers.

____________________________________________
Lueshe: War prisoners on Akkadian/Sumerian bas-relief.

_______________________________________
 A prisoner taken away by one of Sargon’s soldiers.

________________________________________________
Victory stele of Sargon I, king of Akkad, showing Eseru, prisoners
marching (first register) and armed warriors, circa 2300 B.C.

____________________
A prisoner of war brutally killed by Assyrian soldiers. Later to be
thrown in the river. Below: Ennemies thrown in the river.
 Sargon

Sargon: Assyrian/Akkadian/Chaldean. Noun. Name of the great

Akkadian king, also known as Sargon of Akkad and Sarru-kan
“Sharukan”, which means the true king. Sargon reigned from 2334 to
2279 B.C. After his death, his mighty empire passed to his son
Rimush.
 Sargon

*** *** ***

 Seals

Sumero-Akkadian stamp-seals.
___________________________________
 A seal’s impression, circa 30 B.C.

Seal for a prayer to Marduk, Babylonia, circa 2,200-1,600 B.C.

____________________________
 The impression (Print) made by the seal.

On the left: A cylinder seal, usually made from hard stones. On the
right: The impression (Print) made by the seal when rolled over a wet
clay. The illustrations, letters and images were engraved in reverse,
like a modern day photo negative.

______________________________
 Soldiers and charioteers

Soldiers-charioteers; a bas-relief from Ur.

__________________________
__________________________________
 Sumerian soldiers from Ur.
____________________________
 Assyrian
horsemen and charioteers in battle.

A Nineveh’s bas-relief of Assyrian soldiers (Horsemen and charioteers

of Ashurbanipal), circa 670-635 B.C.

_____________________________
 Soldiers/cavalrymen from the army of Sennacherib.

Soldiers of Sennacherib attacking a fortress by using siege machines

(Mobile wooden towers).

____________________________________
 Assyrian soldiers.

_____________________________________
 A fortified wooden siege
chariot used by Sennacherib against the ramparts of Lachish.

Assyrian cavalry war-chariot.

A Sumerian chariot from Ur. A bas-relief from the Royal Standard of

Ur.
Servants
Servants in a temple. A bas-relief from Ur.

___________________________________
Assyrian servants carrying a bench, a stool, and a bowl. A relief from
King Sargon’s palace.

____________________________________________
 Helmets

Šaĝšu: A Sumerian gold helmet, 2500 B.C.

*** *** ***

 Sumerian helmet, from the “Stele of Vultures”.

Sumerian helmet found in Ur.

________________________________________
Helmet of the King of Kish, circa 2,500 B.C.

*** *** ***

 Priests

Naked priests of a lower echelonpresenting goddess Inanna baskets

of fruits, circa 3,300 B.C .

*** *** ***

Inanna
Inanna: Noun. Sumerian/Akkadian/Assyrian/Babylonian.
Name of the most important goddess of the Sumerian pantheon in
Babylonia and Mesopotamia. She was the Sumerian goddess of
fertility, love, and war, and the ultimate femme fatale of the
Akkadian/Sumerian pantheon.

The Sumerian epics tell us that Inanna broke the hearts of so many
gods and Anunnaki leaders, among them were Dumuzi and Enkindu.
But finally, she settled down and married Dumuzi. Inana was the
sister of Utu.

Other names and spellings of Inanna:

Innin.
Innini.
Ishtar.
Nin-me-sarra, which means the Lady of Myriad Offices.
Ninsianna, which means the personification of Venus.
Queen of all the “Me.”
Ninanna, which means queen of the sky.
Nu-ugiganna, which means the Hierodule of Heaven.
Usunzianna, which means the Exalted Cow of Heaven.
She appeared in two major Akkadian/Sumerican epics, the “Epic of
Gilgamesh,” and in the “Cycle of Inanna.”
She figured prominently in the epic/poem of “Inanna Descent to the
Underworld.” This story was written on clay tablets, circa 1750 B.C.

_________________________
 Inanna,
stepping over a lion, a display of authority.

_____________________________
A 3,000 B.C. Warka vase from Uruk showing a ritual scene of
offerings to Inanna, depicted on the very the top of the vase.

____________________________
Vase from Uruk showing a priest and subjects offering the harvest to
Inanna.

___________________________
Goddess Inanna, known as Ishtar in Akkadian, and Inanna of Edin.
___________________________________________
 Sumerian priests.
3,000-2,500 B.C.

________________________________
A Sumerian priest.
A Sumerian priest.

*** *** ***

Sumerian hairdo

A Sumerian hairdo.
Queen Puabi
 Queen Shub-Ad (Puabi).

Puabi: Akkadian/Chaldean/Sumerian. Noun.

Name of the Mesopotamian queen who was buried in one of the
richest tombs in Ur of the Chaldees, and which was excavated by Sir
Leonard Woodley, at the Royal Cemetry of the Ur III Period.
Puabi is also known as Shub-Ad. She was the co-ruler of Ur, circa
2,500 B.C. Her name appeared with the prefix “Nim”, which means
queen on a cylinder seal of lapis lazuli in the Royal Cemetery of Ur.

An aerial view of the royal tomb of Puabi in Ur.

____________________________________
The skull of Queen Puabi as found in her royal tom in Ur.

___________________________________
Tomb of Shub-ad (Puabi) in Ur.
__________________________
The hat of Queen Puabi, Ur of the Chaldees.

_____________________________
 Zagros

Babylonian slab showing the Babylonian map of Zagros.

___________________________________
 The Zagros Mountains of Iran.

______________________________________
 Enuma Elish

One of the Tablets of the Enuma Elish.

Enuma Elish: Babylonian/Akkadian/Assyrian/Sumerian.

Noun. Name of the immortal Akkadian, Assyrian and Sumerian epic,
which containied legends, myths, poems, and accounts of the story
of the Creation, the origin of the world and man, and adventures of
gods, demi-gods, kings and heroes.
The name 'Enuma Elish' is derived from the first two words of the
Babylonian myth, which means “When in the Height”. The Enuma
Elish is the original material source for several Biblical accounts,
including the Great Flood, and the Genesis. In the Enuma Elish,
Marduk fought and killed Tiamat, the goddess-dragon. By killing her,
Marduk became the absolute and most powerful god of the Anunnaki,
the Igigi, and Babylon.

*** *** ***

 Ubaid Period

Art from the Ubaid Period at Lagash.

_____________________________
 Religious offering scene from Lagash.

____________________________
Art from the Ubaid Period at Lagash.
 Lamassu “Lamashtu”

Babylonian/Sumerian/Akkadian/Assyrian. Noun. Lamassu was

depicted as both a demoness, and a benevolent protective deity.
The Hebrews depicted her as demoness who steals babies from their
mothers, and compared her to Lilith. In ancient Sumerian, she was
called Dimme. In the Mesopotamian literature, she was depicted as a
dreadful demoness.
Tablet of Lamassu.

*** *** ***

 Larsa

A figurine from Larsa Period, circa 1900-2000 B.C.

________________________________

Larsa: Babylonian/Akkadian/Sumerian/Assyrian. Noun.

Name of an important city of ancient Babylonia, the site of the
worship of the sun-god, Shamash.
Warad-Sin, King of Larsa.

*** *** ***

 Woman

A Sumerian woman.

*** *** ***

 Cover of Volume I

__________________________

Introduction.
The goddess-angel Lama in a ritual gesture.
El Amarna Letters mentioning Abi-Milki.
Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Abkalu “Apkallu” as Winged Genii/Angels.
King Ashurnasirpal (On the left) being protected from demons
and evil forces by Apkallu, his guardian spirit.
A Babylonian/Akkadian Abkalu guardian holding in his hand
Lagi-zulum (Spathe of the Male Date-Palm).
Slab from the Northwest Palace of Ashur-nasirpal II at
Nimrud, 883-859 B.C, showing the king and his guardian
angel, the Apkallu.
Abzu “Apsû”
Enki in the Abzu
Adamu “Adapa”, the sage.
Aguri (Burnt brick) of Busin, King of Ur, dedicated to god Ea.
Illustration of Anum (An, Anu) as chief of the Anunnaki.
Subjects bringing dates (Palm dates/fruits) to Anu.
Seal showing Dumuzi (Tammuz) being captured in the
Sumerian Edin and bound by Ugalla the serpent-demon.
Ningishzida
Listing of gods in order of seniority.
Ea.
Scene from a Babylonian cylinder seal showing Ea “Enki” with
two streams of water emerging from his shoulders, and the
Sumerian sun-god Utu (Shamash in Akkadian, Shemesh in
Phoenician).
Anunnaki god Ea accompanied by two deities in the form of a
scorpion and a dragon.
Enki and Shamash. God Enki depicted with two streams of
water erupting from his shoulders.
Ea riding the serpent-ship.
The serpent-ship from the Egyptian “Book of the Dead”.
Jewish subjects worshipping God Ea (Enki).
Priests of Ea.
Anzu
Scene from the Epic of Gilgamesh showing Enkidu on the left
with a spear, and on the right Gilgamesh killing the bird-man
Anzu, with a dagger.
Anzu (Imdugug in Sumerian).
Anzu watering the “Tree of Life”.
The ancient city of Arbela, engraved on an Assyrian bas-relief
found in Nineveh.
The descent of Inanna to Kurnugi (the netherworld).
Goddess in the underworld, circa 2330-2150 B.C. Akkad
period. Hematite. Cylinder seal. Mesopotamia.
Inanna on her throne. Circa 2000-1600 B.C., Akkad period.
Nephrite. Cylinder seal. Mesopotamia.
Inanna’s escort and guardian.
Inanna’s guardian, circa 3200-3000 B.C. Late Uruk. Jemdet
Nasr period. Cylinder seal. Mesopotamia.
Ashur’s symbols
Cylinder seal with the Anunnaki solar disk of Ashur, with two
eagle-headed gods before the Tree of Life.
Ashur as the King of Babylon dressed into an Anunnaki motif.
The Symbol of Ashur depicting the three manifestations of
Elohim or God. Ashurai kings were servants of God. They
were the first king-priests of ancient times.
Bas-relief of King Assur-Bani-Pal (Ashurbanipal) reposing with
his queen in the Royal Garden, gypsum, North Palace,
Nineveh. From the Neo-Assyrian Period, 1000 B.C.- 612 B.C.
A slab depicting musicians and attendants of Ashurbanipal.
This slab depicts Ashurbanipal as the builder of his city.
He is carrying on his head a reed basket which was
commonly used to transport bricks to constructions’ sites.
Atrahasis.
A Babylonian slab, hundreds of years older than the Bible,
depicting the Sumerian-Akkadian Noah (Utnapishtim,
Ziusudra, and Atrahasis) in his boat.
Astarte
Egyptian stela of Ashtaroth.
Anunnaki’s symbol: The winged disk.
The Anunnaki’s winged disk (Their symbol) over the tree of
life surrounded by two guardians
The Anunnaki-Egyptian wing, as adopted by Ramses III.
Luxor, Egypt.
Isis wing.
Faravahar, the Persian royal wing.
A “Winged Disk”, a symbol for the Anunnaki, as it appeared
on numerous Babylonian clay tablets.
The Anunnaki’s wing appears in a secret ritual invocation in a
Roman/Egyptian burial chamber, Kom el-Shugafa, Alexandria,
Egypt.
Anunnaki’s symbol in Egypt.
The Anunnaki wing becomes the sun disk of Egyptian God
Ra.
Chiribu “Kirubu”
Winged Genii/Kirubu Angels.
Chiribu “Kiribu” kneeling beside a sacred tree. Marble slab
from the palace of Nimrod.
A Babylonian cylinder seal depicting men with an ox head.
Cherubim depicted as lions, and eagles on a Mesopotamian
slab.
A restored gigantic wall mural from the palace of Sargon II at
Khorsabad, decorated with Anunnaki Chiribu.
Babylonian guardian holding in his hand Lagi-zulum (Spathe
of the Male Date-Palm).
A winged deity holding in his hand the Spathe of the Male
Date-Palm.
Sumerian stele depicting the worship of the “Bee-Goddess”.
In this cartouche, the divine bird, the bee, appears next to
the signature of Hatshepsut, the 5th Pharaoh of the 18th
Dynasty.
Anu.
Subjects bringing dates (Palm dates/fruits) to Anu.
“An” or “Anu”, the celestial father, and supreme god/Sinhar of
the Anunnaki.
Slab depicting Gudaea of Lagash (circa. 2275-2260 B.C.)
grasped by his god Ningishzida and presented to Anu.
On one of these two ancient Assyrian slabs, we read: “Anu
sar Igigi va Anunnaki.” Translation: “Anu king of Igigi and
Anunnaki.” And: “Anu sar El-nuni rabi u Anunnaki.”
Translation: “Anu king of the great divine chiefs and
Anunnaki.”
Behistun, and Anunnaki Ram-La Kitbur.
Inscription on a brick from the Tower of Babel. Blockprint,
Babylon, 604-562, Babylon.
The only known stele in existence of the Tower of Babilu
(Babel). Babylon 604-526 B.C.
Goddess Bau, the Sumerian goddess of the city of Urukug.
Bau as goddess Ninsuna.
Chabra (Šabra).
Chamash.
Subjects paying homage to Chamash.
Wearing the crown of divinity, Chamash rises from Mashu’s
Mount.
Chamash rising in the early morning; on his left, goddess
Ishtar (Inanna in Sumerian), and on the far left, Ninurta, the
god of thunder and storms. On his right we see the Sumerian
god Enki (Ea in Akkadian). On the far right, stands Usmu, his
vizier “Vizir”.
Two Babylonian slabs representing the scene of the
“Reception of the Code of Justice”, presented by Chamash to
Hamurrabi, who seated on his throne.
Chamash standing before Hammurabi who is holding in his
right hand his famous code of laws, known to us as the
“Code of Hammurabi”. A bas-relief from Susa, 18th century
B.C.
Chamash Shumukin, the bearer of offerings.
Cuneiform writings.
Pictograms.
Various styles/designs of cuneiform writing.
A Sumerian scribe holding a stylus in his right hand.
Sunerian marriage.
This seal depicts the celebration of a Sacred Marriage by
playing a tambourine (In Sumerian: Chem5zabar).
A Babylonian cylinder seal depicting men with an ox head.
God Sin (Shin, Chin).
God Chin (Sin, Nanna) seated on his throne. From a fragment
of the Stele of Ur-Namma, circa 2100 B.C.
In Ur, the Stela of Ur-Nammu has the crescent symbol placed
at the top of the register of gods because the moon god was
the head of the gods. Even bread was baked in the form of a
crescent as an act of devotion to the moon-god.
Chaldean/Babylonian Nanar, “God Sin”, the moon god. In Ur
of the Chaldees, the moon-god was a supreme deity, and
rules over all the other gods. At one time in history, Ur was
called Nannar, as documented on clay tablets of the era.
Harran was likewise noted for its devotion to the moon-god.
Assyrian God of the moon.
The moon crescent in paganism and Islam.
Pre-Islamic and Islamic Crescent-and-Star Glyphs.
Dagan.
The Sumerian Dagan. From a Babylonian slab.
The Phoenician/Ugaritic Dagon “Dagan”.
Ruins of the temple of Dagan in Israel.
Dilmun.
Coin from ancient Dilmun.
This 5,000 year old Akkadian/Sumerian tablet tells the story
of the Anunnaki god Enki and his forbidden plants on the
island of Dilmun.
This tablet tells the story of Gilgamesh, King of Uruk, who
visited Dilmun, and who described it in the tablet as “the land
of immortality.”
Ruins of a Dilmun Barbar Temple in Bahrain.
A unique abstract sculpture representing a family, from Tell
Brak, circa 3500 B.C.
Dingir.
Cuneiform inscription-form of Dingir.
Anunnaki god Enki, represented as a Dingir.
The sign of Dingir on a cuneiform tablet.
The first illustration (Sign) appearing in the first row (Very
top) on the left represents a cuneiform “Dingir”. This tablet is
a list of gods in a seniority order: Enlil, Ninlil, Enki, Nergal,
Hendursanga, Inanna-Zabalam, Ninebgal, Inanna, Utu,
Nanna. Circa 2200-2400 B.C.
En-Nur-Nammu pours libation before Dingir Nannar.
Akkadian/Sumerian sign for Dingir (An Dingir), meaning God
An, written in cuneiform.
Evolution of the sign of Dingir.
Sumerian seal. As a seal, it means “Sky”.
Sumerian Dingir.
The Sumerian circle becomes an Egyptian circle; a sign for
the Egyptian sun god “Ra”.
Subjects paying homage to Enlil.
On the left side of the Kuduru (Boundaries/limit stone), and
above his head, the sign/symbol of Enlil’s divinity called
Dingir, in the form of a star is engraved.
Dingirs and vizirs paying homage to god Enlil “Anu”.
Dugniñnag.
Sumerians drinking beer in a Dugniñnag.
Babylonians drinking beer from a Dugniñnag, using reed
straws.
Eannatum.
A devotee of Ishtar. From the Royal Standard of Ur.
Ekur.
Inscription of Assur-Banipal containing description of of the
construction of Ekur, the temple of Enlil in Nippur, circa 668-
631 B.C.
The remains of Ekur, the great temple of Enlil in Nippur.
Ebih, circa 2400 B.C.
Enmerkar, King of Uruk.
Sargon.
Victory stele of Sargon I, king of Akkad, showing Eseru,
prisoners marching (first register) and armed warriors, circa
2300 B.C.
Fragment of a stela of Sargon of Akkad, depicting Eseru,
(prisoners) being taken away in a neck-stock.
Etana.
Tablet of the Legend of Etana.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu killing Humbaba.
Babylonian cylinder depicting Enkidu and Gilgamesh
slaughtering the bull of heaven. Cylinder seal from Ur, 3rd
millennium B.C.
Gilgamesh.
Assyrian slab from Tell-Halaf, Syria, depicting Gilgamesh in
the center, surrounded by two bull-men.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu killing Gugalana, the Bull of Heaven.
Gudea, the priest-king of Shirpula, prince of Lagash, and a
great builder of towers, circa 2120 B.C.
Hadad.
The slab of Baal Hadad.
God Hadad.
The Phoenician-Ugaritic god Hadad/Adad (Baal-Hadad). A
slab found in Ugarit, Syria.
Stele of Baal-Hadad, found in Ugarit.
Stele of God Hadad found at his temple site in Syria.
Site of the temple of god Hadad in Syria.
An Assyrian governor standing before the deities Adad
(centre) and Ishtar (left), limestone relief from Babylon, 8th
century B.C.
Baal-Adad, the Phoenician god of storms. From a stela found
at Bethsaida, Samaria, Israel.
Baal of Ugarit.
Helilu.
Assyrian Helilu (crescent).
Sumerian crescent.
Ancient Babylonian crescent.
Ancient Hittite crescent.
Islamic Hilaal.
Crescent on the cylinder of the worship of god Sin.
Hulluppu.
Two unidentified Sumerian women around the tree of life.
Apkallu (Guardian angels) and monarchs surrounding the
Hullupu Tree in a ritual manner.
Hullupu (Homa in Assyrian), the sacred tree. Also called
Jusku.
Assyrian bas-relief depicting the sacred tree, from a
monument found in Nineveh.
Assyrian cylinder depicting a scene from the worship
ceremony of the Sacred Tree.
The Chaldean Jusku. Illustration of The holy tree in the
sacred grove of Eridu, on a Chaldean Cylinder. The Assyrian
Homa: The Sacred Tree.
Goddess Inanna in front of the Hullupu tree.
Humbaba.
A cylinder seal showing Huwawa being slain by Gilgamesh
and Enkidu.
A Sumerian lamentations’ priest, circa 3000-2500 B.C.
A Sumerian priest, circa 3000-2500 B.C.
Imsarra.
A list of professions in Uruk IV.
A list of professions from Abu Salabikh.
A list of professions from the Fara period.
Izdubar.
Izdubar and Hasisadra (The Biblical Noah) in the Ark of Noah.
An early Babylonian cylinder.
Izdubar and Heabani fighting the bull and the lion, from the
Chaldean Account of Genesis.
Kaallum.
Sumerian bowl with dedication inscriptions to goddess Inanna
(Ishtar): “To Inanna and Aka-Enlil, the chief merchant son of
Heti.”
Kalû: An Akkadian bowl. A copper Akkadian bowl with
inscriptions, circa 2275-2255 B.C. “Manishtushu king of the
world.”
A Mesopotamian stone bowl with a Sumerian inscription:
“Megirimta, the child born to Lugal Kisalsi and his wife
Munihursag, circa 2500 B.C.
Kaallum: A terra-cotta Babylonian-Hebrew devil trap bowl,
with magical inscriptions and texts intended to drive away the
evil spirits and eliminate their diabolic effects, stop curses
and spells, and used as a protection against the Ain Sharra,
which means the evil-eye, circa 325-530 B.C.
A large Mesopotamian bronze cup with a figurine of a deity,
usually used to bring health and good fortune to a family.
Kudurru.
Kurnugi (The Sumerian Hell).
Cylinder seal from the Akkad period, circa 2330-2150 B.C.,
depicting goddess Ishtar’s descent to the Kurnugi.
The Sumerian gate to Kurnugi (The Underworld). Baked clay.
Circa 2000-1650 B.C.
A receipt for goods received by a Lagal, engraved on a clay
tablet, circa 2375 B.C.
Lagar.
Two Lagars in a ritual religious ceremony or act. Bronze,
Susa, circa 1175 B.C.
Lahar.
The Tablet which mentioned Lahar.
Lamassu “Lamashtu”.
Tablet of Lamassu.
Lil.
Babylonian “Earth Spirits”, and “Spirits of the Place”.
Lil: Sumerian “Evil spirits of deserted areas”.
A bas-relief from Shuruppak Early Dynastic IIIa period, 2600-
2500 B.C.
Assyro-Phoenician seamen transporting timber, and cedar
wood from Jabal Al Arz, Phoenicia, modern day Lebanon.
Mushushshu.
The legendary Dragon of Babylon from the Ishtar Gate in
ancient Babylon.
Nabu.
Ruins of E-zida (Ezida).
Nabu’s Temple at Borsippa.
Nammu.
Nimrod.
Stele of Nimrod.
Nindaba2.
This scene illustrates the proper way of drinking wine, as
depicted by King Ashurbanipal and his wife, circa 668-630
B.C.
Ningal of Ur.
From the main court of Ningal’s temple.
Inner section of Ningal’s temple.
Ningizzida “Ningishzida”.
Nippur.
A statue of a married couple found in Nippur, circa 2,600 B.C.
Nisaba “Nissaba”.
Nissaba on an ancient Babylonian slab, almost 4,000 year old.
Tammuz.
This scene shows Dumuzi being captured at his sheepfold in
the Sumerian Edin and bound by the serpent-like Ugalla
demons who carry him off to the underworld.
Tammuz of Petra. Symbol of life for the desert of the
Nabateans.
Dumuzi and Inanna bringing gifts to Uruk.
Anunnaki goddess Inanna and Dumuzi watching over the tree
of life. A drawing after a Sumerian cylinder seal found at
Nippur, during Ur III period (circa 2150 B.C.)
Akkadian cylinder seal showing Anunnaki goddess Nissaba
and Tammuz (Dumuzi).
Tammuz.
Tammuz, “Dumuzi”, “Adon” and Ishtar (Sumerian Inanna).

_____________________________________
 Recent Books by Maximillien de Lafayette

_____________________________________

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME OF GOD AND HIS TRUE IDENTITY.

Synopsis and Translation of the Phoenician, Ugaritic, Canaanite,
Sumerian, Akkadian, and Assyrian Tablets.

The name of God “Yahweh”, his attributes and extraordinary

(Supernatural) powers and deeds were borrowed from pagans’ gods;
gods the Israelites worshiped before they “created” their own god
“Yahweh”, who centuries later, became the God of the Christians and
the Muslims.
So is it fair and logical to assume that we are worshiping a “Pagans’
God” or more precisely an amalgam of mythical gods? You bet!
And this is exactly, the delicate, fragile and controversial topic we will
be exploring, discussing and explaining in this treatise.
If you are fanatically religious and you believe every word in the
Bible, and all the stories rabbis, sheiks, Imams, bishops and priests
tell you, then, do not read this treatise, because it could disturb you,
and lead you to believe that it was written to discredit your faith and
your beliefs in the Jewish Bible, the Torah, Talmud, the Christian Bible
(New Testament), Jesus, the Christian Church, the Koran, and the
Prophets.
And this is not the case at all.
The conclusions are based upon linguistic, historical, geographical,
and archaeological facts and irrefutable findings, scrolls and
inscriptions written centuries before any organized religion was
established on Earth, and the word “GOD” was ever pronounced by
or known to mankind.
Vital and most important questions we must address and answer:

a-God’s true origin.

b-Where did he come from?
c-What is his real name?
d-How and why did Abraham, Moses, early believers, tribes, scribes,
prophets, and others unintentionally or willingly change and/or
misinterpret God’s name or names?
e-How many names God had at the time, Abraham, Moses, and other
prophets met him?
f-In what original language, his name was written?
What and how it was written?
And how it was translated in Greek, Latin, French, English, Spanish,
etc.?
g-How did God himself pronounce his name?
h-Who heard God first?
i-When and where did the term or word “God” appear the first time in
the history of humanity?
And what did it mean at that time; the very first time it was
pronounced, used, and later put in writing?
Did the meaning change? No? Yes? Why?
j-Any relation to the Anunnaki, the Ancient Gods, the Sumerians, the
Phoenicians, the extraterrestrials?

From the content:

• The real name of God.
• Allah’s terminology.
• Yahweh was a common Phoenician name.
• The Phoenician source.
• The Phoenician words “Yehaw”, “Yehi”, “Yaw”, and “Yeuo” are the
origin of the Hebrew words “Yah”, “Yahu”, and “Yahweh”.
• Israelites bore the name of the Phoenician god Baal.
• Appearances of the word Yahweh outside and before the Bible was
written (To name a few).
• The origins of Yahwehism.
• Phoenicia was the original source for the Hebrew Yahweh’s imagery
in the Bible and the “Cherubim Throne”.
• Yahweh-Elohim and the Phoenician-Ugaritic Bull-Gods and the
golden calves.
• Yahweh, and Ea/Enki create a spring in the Garden of Eden.
• Yahweh fighting the Dragon.
• “The Most High” epithet.
• On Monotheism.
• Epilogue: Quotes from leading scholars, authors, Sumeriologists
and Assyriologists.

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How the Babylonian Story of the Flood Became the Story of the Great
Deluge in the Bible. And How Utnapishtim Became Noah

_______________________________
 THESAURUS AND LEXICON OF SIMILAR WORDS AND SYNONYMS IN
21 DEAD AND ANCIENT LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS
THE WORLD'S FIRST DICTIONARY, THESAURUS AND LEXICON OF
ITS KIND! A gem. A literary treasure!
From a set of 20 volumes: Akkadian, Arabic, Aramaic, Assyrian,
Azerbaijani/Azeri, Babylonian, Canaanite, Chaldean, Essenic, Farsi
(Persian), Hebrew, Mandaic, Nazorean, Phoenician, Sumerian,
Swadaya, Syriac, Turkish, Turoyo, Ugaritic, Urdu.

*** *** ***

Published by Times Square Press
New York, Berlin
 Printed in the
United States of America and Germany
August 2014