DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES 2.

Corruption
QUARTER 2 LECTURE  Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in
positions of power, such as managers or
LESSON 7: Social Science and Social Problems government officials. Corruption can include
giving or accepting bribes or inappropriate gifts,
Social problems are: double-dealing, under-the-table transactions,
 Condition or behavior that has negative manipulating elections, diverting funds,
consequences for large numbers of people and laundering money, and defrauding investors.
that is generally recognized as a condition or
behavior that needs to be addressed. How to prevent corruption?
 Problems that result in pain, suffering & misery. Corruption is likely to be reduced with
Victims may need medical help. accountability mechanisms in place; this in turn is likely
 Unpleasant & unacceptable behavior like to reinforce a culture that fosters strong ethical
stealing and bullying. behavior while holding those to account who violate the
 Conditions that are widespread in the society norms. Corruption can further be reduced by making it
because people do not use caution in their easy to report, whether by managers, employees,
actions. suppliers, and customers. A robust control environment
 Things that affect many people in a bad way - also reduces the risk of corruption as do thorough
like being poor. background checks before hiring or promoting
employees.
What are the common Social Problems?
1. Poverty 3. Unemployment
 Poverty is a state or condition in which a person  Unemployment occurs when a person who is
or community lacks the financial resources and actively searching for employment is unable to
essentials for a minimum standard of living. find work. Unemployment is often used as a
 Poverty means that the income level from measure of the health of the economy. The
employment is so low that basic human needs most frequent measure of unemployment is the
can't be met. unemployment rate, which is the number of
 Poverty-stricken people and families might go unemployed people divided by the number of
without proper housing, clean water, healthy people in the labor force.
food, and medical attention. Each nation may  Unemployment in the Philippines is attributed
have its own threshold that determines how to reasons including overpopulation, oversupply
many of its people are living in poverty. of labor force on certain industries and the
inability to take on available jobs.
Causes of Poverty  In recent times, due to the health and economic
 Lack of good jobs/job growth crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, World
 Lack of good education Bank has projected that as many as 3 million
 Weather/climate change more Filipinos will either be jobless or fall into
 Warfare/conflict poverty this year.
 Social injustice
 Lack of infrastructure 4. Terrorism
 Lack of good healthcare  Terrorist attacks have been causing a major
 Lack of government support strain to the country’s travel and tourism
 Lack of food and water sector. In the World Economic Forum’s (WEF)
 High costs Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index
2017, the Philippines slid five places to 79th
spot out of 136 countries. The country got an
overall score of 3.6 and of the 14 pillars
considered, it was on safety and security that
 the Philippines got its lowest rank. The  Sex crimes are forms of human sexual behavior
Philippines landed at the 126th place, the that are crimes. Someone who commits one is
bottom end of the spectrum. Terrorism, the said to be a sex offender.
calculated use of violence to create a general  Property crime involves the taking of money or
climate of fear in a population and thereby to property, and does not involve force or threat
bring about a particular political objective. of force against a victim.
 Hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a
Effects of Terrorism victim because of his or her perceived
 Terrorist acts can cause ripple effects through membership in a certain social group, usually
the economy that have negative impacts. defined by racial group, religion, sexual
 The most obvious is the direct economic orientation, disability, class, ethnicity,
destruction of property and lives. nationality, age, sex, or gender identity.
 Terrorism directly affects the economy by  Organized crime is the transnational, national,
creating market uncertainty, xenophobia, loss or local grouping of highly centralized
of tourism, and loss of lives and properties. enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of
engaging in illegal activity.
5. Natural Disasters  Virtual crime refers to a virtual criminal act that
 Natural disaster is an event that is caused by takes place in a massively multiplayer online
the natural forces of the earth and results in game.
great damage and possibly loss of life. Each
Responding to Social Problems
year, the earth experiences natural disasters.
Resolving social problems is neither a simple
When natural disasters occur in heavily
and quick process. But the advent of technology
populated areas, a lot of people may lose their
nowadays, Forbes Technology Council has provided
suggestions for potential solutions with the use of
technology to resolve social problems in the world.
1. Climate Change
Climate change will become the most significant
destabilizing global issue. Technology can help in many
ways, from making electric cars mainstream and
building alternative sources of energy to replace coal to
creating more efficient buildings, non-polluting air
lives. conditioning systems and desalination systems.
2. Poverty
6. Crimes Poverty can be eliminated by using technology
• Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which to create more jobs and open up a wider marketplace
some governing authority can ultimately for those in developing countries to reach an audience
prescribe a conviction. While every crime that would be interested in buying what they make or
violates the law, not every violation of the law offer. Ensuring everyone has equal access to the
counts as a crime; for example, breaches of internet can certainly go a long way to creating a way
contract and of other civil law may rank as for more people to economically sustain themselves.
“offenses” or as “infractions”. 3. Education
Technologies like online courses and robots in
Types of crimes the classroom allow for a higher-quality and
 A violent crime is a crime in which the offender standardized delivery of curriculum by experts who
uses or threatens to use violent force upon the really understand the subjects being taught. This type of
victim. education dramatically increases access both for urban
and rural classrooms that lack the resources to maintain
a well-trained staff.
4. Public Safety
 Kidnappings, ambushes and reports of rape are
words that we unfortunately read in headlines on a
regular basis. Enhanced CCTV cameras or personal
devices with face recognition technologies connected to
a database of criminals may be able to proactively warn
when known offenders are in close proximity, while
peer-to-peer, location-based emergency
communication technologies can enable victims to seek
help from law enforcement or others nearby.
5. Farming
Leveraging e-commerce technologies to
improve access to healthier options will help save
trillions of dollars in health care, help families live
healthier, happier lives and make the healthier options
affordable. With deep learning technologies, we can do
analysis and predictions on how we farm our crops and
livestock, allowing us to evaluate and optimize the
sustainability of farming.

Other ways in resolving social concerns are:

1. Providing access to job-oriented education
(vocational course) in order to gain opportunity
of employment.
2. Providing intensified awareness campaign on
population control, making family planning
devices should be made available at no cost for
the poor and in rural areas in order to resolve
the issue on population growth.
3. Provision of free education and scholarships
grants opportunities to all poor but deserving
students.

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