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Bitumen Content Test

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439 views5 pages

Bitumen Content Test

Uploaded by

priyanka.2023tr13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bitumen Content Test

1. Objective: To determine the binder content (bitumen) in the


asphalt mix by cold solvent extraction method.

2. Specification: IS 13826-7(1993), ASTM D 2172

3. Material and Equipments Required:


 Centrifuge Extractor
 Beaker
 Weighing Machine
 Oven sample
 Filter paper

4. Theory: Bitumen is a crucial component in asphalt pavements. To


ensure the quality and performance of these pavements, it is
essential to assess the bitumen's properties. One such test is the
bitumen extraction test, which aims to isolate the bitumen content
from a bituminous mixture. This test provides valuable insights into
the bitumen's characteristics, such as its penetration, softening
point, and ductility. Bitumen Extraction Test is used to determine
the percentage of bitumen content present in the asphaltic
pavement by cold solvent extraction. The properties of flexible
pavement such as durability, compatibility, and resistance from
defects bleeding, raveling, and aging of flexible pavement are
majorly dependent on the percentage of bitumen used with the
aggregate to lay the pavement. This is a quality control test which
provides methods of extracting the bitumen from the mixed
material. The results obtained from the methods herein may be
affected by the age of the material tested. For best results it is
recommended that these tests be carried out on mixtures and
pavements shortly after their preparation. The bitumen extraction
test relies on the principle of selective solvent action. A suitable
solvent, such as trichloroethylene or dichloromethane, is used to
dissolve the bitumen from the aggregate particles in the bituminous
mixture. The solvent is then removed, leaving behind the extracted
bitumen. The amount of bitumen recovered can be used to
determine its percentage in the original mixture.

Figure 1 : A centrifuge extractor apparatus

5. Procedure:
 Weigh 500g bitumen sample (W1) and place the sample in the cup
of the centrifuge.
 Weigh the filter paper and note it as (F1)
 Fill the benzene (dissolver) into the cup up to the sample top (as
thoroughly soaked).
 The benzene will separate the aggregates and bitumen.
 Now place the filter paper and cover the sample in the centrifuge
apparatus.
 Now place the beaker at the outlet of the centrifuge to collect the
extracted sample.
 Leave up to 1 hour for the solvent to dissolve the bitumen and other
ingredients of asphaltic pavement.
 Now start the centrifuge machine and increase the speed gradually
to 3600 revolutions per minute.
 The bitumen and benzene will completely drain out in the beaker.
Now again, add more benzene into the cup and again start the same
process.
 Run the centrifuge again and again until the bitumen extraction is
completed. The extracted material seems to light straw colour.
 Weigh the extracted material as W2.
 Now remove the filter paper and dry it through the oven at the
temperature range of 1050°C to 1100°C and allow it to cool to room
temperature.
 Finally, weigh the dried filter paper as F2.
 The test should be conducted at least three samples, and the
average value is the percentage of bitumen used in the pavement.

6. Calculation and Observation:

S.N Description Sample Sample Sample

o 1 2 3

1. Weight of mixture
sample (W1)

2. Weight of filter paper

before extraction (F1)

3. Weight of mixture after

extraction (W2)

4. Weight of filter paper

after extraction (F2)

5. Weight of filler collected

in filter paper (F1-F2)

=W3

The formula to calculate the percentage of bitumen content is given by-

% Bitumen= (W1-(W2+W3)/W1) x 100

7. Conclusion:
 The properties of bitumen, such as durability, compatibility, and
resistance to aging, bleeding, and raveling, are determined by the
amount of bitumen in the mix.
 The nature of the solvent used in the extraction process has a
significant impact on the final properties of the recovered
binder. Solvents like perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and
xylene are the most compatible with bitumen. However, benzene is
often used to extract bitumen fumes, but it's dangerous because
it's carcinogenic.
 Bitumen with a softening point between 40°C and 70°C is common
in hot climates, while lower softening points are used in colder
regions. Bitumen with high penetration is softer, has lower
viscosity, and is more ductile.
 Adding polymers can improve bonding between bitumen and stone
aggregate.
 Mixing waste plastics with bitumen and aggregate in the dry
process can improve pavement performance.

8. References:
https://www.rhd.gov.bd/Documents/ContractDocuments/
StandardTestProcedures/Bitumen%20Extraction
%20Tests.pdf

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.13826.7.1983.pdf

https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/
16326/0c2c3521ef3b42d6ac52fc8531fc7452/ASTM-D2172-
95.pdf

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