‭K. J.

Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬

(A Constituent School of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

A2
16010322073,16010322079

‭ ITLE: Mini project‬

T
‭AIM:‬‭The aim of this project is to design and implement‬‭a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) using‬
‭the LPC2148 microcontroller.‬
‭OUTCOME:‬‭Students will be able to apply programming‬‭skills to develop application using‬
‭MSP430/LPC 2148‬

‭Software requirement: Keil µVision‬

‭Hardware tool: LPC2148 Launchpad‬

‭ bstract:‬‭This project focuses on the implementation‬‭of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)‬

A
‭using the LPC2148 microcontroller. The LPC2148 has a PWM unit with 6 independent PWM‬
‭outputs (PWM1 to PWM6). It allows you to configure the frequency (period) and duty cycle‬
‭for each PWM output. The main objective is to demonstrate how PWM can control the speed‬
‭of DC motors and adjust the brightness of LEDs by varying the duty cycle. The code‬
‭initializes the PWM settings, enabling two PWM channels, and sets specific duty cycles for‬
‭each channel in an infinite loop.‬
‭By generating PWM signals, the system achieves precise control over the output devices,‬
‭making it suitable for applications in robotics, lighting, and other electronic projects.‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬
 ‭K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

‭Block diagram:‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬
 ‭K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

‭Algorithm:‬

‭1.‬ ‭PWM Initialization:‬

‭ tep 1:‬‭Configure the pin functionality by setting‬‭the appropriate bits in PINSEL0 register:‬
S
‭PINSEL0 = 0x8002: This sets the pins for PWM output (PWM1 and PWM2).‬
‭Step 2:‬‭Configure PWM control settings in the PWMPCR‬‭register:‬
‭PWMPCR = 0x600: This enables PWM1 and PWM2 outputs.‬
‭Step 3:‬‭Set the PWM cycle duration by configuring‬‭the Match Register 0 (PWMMR0):‬
‭PWMMR0 = 150000: This defines the period of the PWM cycle (frequency).‬
‭Step 4:‬‭Enable and reset the PWM counter using PWMTCR:‬
‭PWMTCR = 0x09: This enables the PWM Timer Counter and also resets it.‬
‭Step 5:‬‭Configure the Match Control Register (PWMMCR):‬
‭PWMMCR = 0x02: This resets the PWM Timer on reaching a match with PWMMR0.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Main Loop:‬
‭Step 6:‬‭Set the duty cycle for PWM1 and PWM2:‬
‭PWMMR1 = 75000: This sets the duty cycle for PWM1 to 50% (half of PWMMR0).‬
‭PWMMR2 = 90000: This sets the duty cycle for PWM2 to 60% (slightly more than half of‬
‭PWMMR0).‬
‭Step 7:‬‭Latch the new values into the PWM match registers‬‭by setting the Load Enable‬
‭Register (PWMLER):‬
‭PWMLER = 0x6: This loads the updated values of PWMMR1 and PWMMR2.‬
‭Step 8:‬‭Repeat the above process in an infinite loop‬‭(while(1)) to keep generating PWM‬
‭signals continuously.‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬
 ‭K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

‭Source code:‬

‭#include<LPC214X.h>‬

‭ oid pwm_init(void)‬
v
‭{‬
‭PINSEL0 = 0x8002;‬
‭PWMPCR = 0x600;‬
‭PWMMR0 = 150000;‬
‭PWMTCR = 0x09;‬
‭PWMMCR = 0x02;‬
‭}‬

i‭nt main (void)‬

‭{‬
‭pwm_init();‬
‭while(1)‬
‭{‬
‭PWMMR1 = 75000;‬
‭PWMMR2 = 90000;‬
‭PWMLER = 0x6;‬
‭}‬
‭}‬

‭ FRs configured in the source code:‬

S
‭1.‬‭PINSEL0 (Pin Select Register 0) Address‬‭: 0xE002C000‬
‭Function‬‭: This register is used to select the alternative‬‭functions for I/O pins. By configuring‬
‭specific bits in this register, you can assign PWM functions to the desired pins.‬

2‭ .‬‭PWMPCR (PWM Control Register) Address‬‭: 0xE002C0A4‬

‭Function‬‭: This register controls the PWM channels.‬‭It enables specific PWM channels and‬
‭configures their operation modes.‬

3‭ .‬‭PWMMR0 (PWM Match Register 0) Address‬‭: 0xE002C0A8‬

‭Function‬‭: This register sets the PWM period, defining‬‭how long each PWM cycle lasts. The‬
‭frequency of the PWM signal is determined by this value in relation to the system clock‬
‭frequency.‬

4‭ .‬‭PWMTCR (PWM Timer Control Register) Address‬‭: 0xE002C0A0‬

‭Function‬‭: This register controls the operation of‬‭the PWM timer. It can enable or reset the‬
‭timer, allowing for PWM generation.‬

‭5‬‭. PWMMCR (PWM Match Control Register) Address‬‭: 0xE002C0AC‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬
 ‭K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

‭ unction‬‭: This register defines the behavior of the PWM timer when it matches the value in‬
F
‭one of the match registers. It can reset the timer or trigger an interrupt.‬

6‭ .‬‭PWMMR1 (PWM Match Register 1)‬‭Address‬‭: 0xE002C0B0‬

‭Function‬‭: This register sets the duty cycle for PWM Channel 1. The duty cycle determines‬
‭how long the PWM signal is high within each cycle.‬

‭7.‬‭PWMMR2 (PWM Match Register 2) Address‬‭: 0xE002C0B4‬

‭Function‬‭: This register sets the duty cycle for PWM Channel 2.‬

‭8.‬‭PWMLER (PWM Load Enable Register)‬‭Address‬‭: 0xE002C0B8‬

‭ unction‬‭: This register is used to load new values into the PWM match registers (PWMMR1‬
F
‭and PWMMR2). Writing to this register causes the new duty cycle values to take effect‬
‭immediately.‬
‭Procedure:‬

‭1.‬ C ‭ reate a new project on Keil μVision and select the legacy software device as‬
‭LPC2148.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Add the file and write the code.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Build and debug the code, run the code.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Connect a USB programmer and upload the compiled code.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Setup Logic Analyzer‬
‭6.‬ ‭Monitor the PWM signals through logic analyzer.‬

‭Applications:-‬

‭ WM (Pulse Width Modulation) in the LPC2148 is widely used for motor speed control,‬
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‭LED dimming, and power management. It adjusts the power delivered to devices by varying‬
‭the duty cycle of the signal. Applications include controlling DC motors in robotics, dimming‬
‭LEDs, regulating voltage in power supplies, generating audio signals, and controlling servo‬
‭motors for precision tasks in automation and robotics.‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬
 ‭K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77‬
‭(A Constituent College of Somaiya Vidyavihar University)‬
‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication‬
‭Engineering‬

‭Observation: (Copy the screen shot for each program)‬

‭ onclusion:‬ ‭In conclusion, this project successfully demonstrates the use of Pulse Width‬
C
‭Modulation (PWM) with the LPC2148 microcontroller to control DC motors and LEDs by‬
‭varying duty cycles.‬

‭Signature of faculty in-charge with date‬

‭Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering‬

‭ age No‬
P ‭Advanced Microcontroller laboratory Sem V/July-November‬
‭2024‬